新课标高考英语一轮复习必修第一册UNIT4单元主题练习含答案

这是一份新课标高考英语一轮复习必修第一册UNIT4单元主题练习含答案，共8页。试卷主要包含了需要的帮助；3，写作词数应为80左右；等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·德阳二模)After being attacked by Hurricane Ida's 150 mph winds and trrential rains, hundreds f thusands f Gulf Cast residents were left withut pwer and fresh water this week as a 100­degree heat wave settled ver the regin.Ida smashed int Luisiana as a Categry 4 hurricane, ripping ff rfs, kncking ut transmissin lines, flding rads, and reducing sme brick buildings in dwntwn New Orleans t rubble.At least eight peple died in the strm and the_tll is expected t rise as emergency wrkers search wrecked hmes and businesses.
One f the mst pwerful hurricanes t ever hit the US mainland, Ida brught a 5 t 12­ft strm surge that cvered lw­lying cmmunities in sutheastern Luisiana.Grand Isle is nw “uninhabitable”， said Parish President Cynthia Lee Sheng, with 3 feet f sand cvering the entire barrier island and 40 percent f the buildings cmpletely destryed.
The strm caused a citywide blackut in New Orleans, but a Hurricane Katrina­level disaster was avided there, thanks in part t the D|S14.5 billin spent n new levees, seawalls, and pumps after the 2005 strm.Experts are warning that Ida culd wrsen the Cvid crisis in the Gulf Cast, as residents crwd tgether in hmes and emergency shelters withut immediate access t testing r medical care.ICUs in Luisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama hspitals were already near capacity befre the strm hit.Nearly 1 millin peple are still withut pwer acrss Luisiana, and authrities warned it culd be weeks befre electricity is restred.“If yu have already evacuated，” said Gv.Jhn Bel Edwards, “d nt return here.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了飓风艾达给墨西哥湾沿岸居民造成的破坏，以及人们灾后重建的情况。
1．Which f the fllwing best describes Hurricane Ida?
A．Mild. B．Destructive.
C．Uncntrllable. D．Impressive.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ida smashed int Luisiana as a Categry 4 hurricane ... as emergency wrkers search wrecked hmes and businesses.”可推知，飓风艾达极具破坏性。故选B。
2．What d the underlined wrds “the tll” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．The death number. B．The heat wave.
C．The wind speed. D．The citywide blackut.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“At least eight peple died in the strm”以及后文“is expected t rise as emergency wrkers search wrecked hmes and businesses”可知，至少有8人在风暴中死亡，且随着紧急救援人员搜索被毁的房屋和企业，预计死亡人数还会上升。画线词意思是“死亡人数”。故选A。
3．What is ne f the reasns fr Grand Isle t be uninhabitable?
A．The entire island is cvered with sand.
B．It is ne f the lw­lying cmmunities.
C．The residents there can't wait t leave.
D．Over half f its buildings were in ruins.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Grand Isle is nw ‘uninhabitable，’ said Parish President Cynthia ... cmpletely destryed.”可知，这个地方不适合居住的原因之一是整个岛被沙子覆盖了。故选A。
4．What can be inferred abut the attitude f Gv.Jhn Bel Edwards twards the prspect f Luisiana?
A．Ambitius. B．Undubted.
C．Indifferent. D．Uncnfident.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘If yu have already evacuated，’ said Gv.Jhn Bel Edwards，‘d nt return here.’”可推知，Jhn Bel Edwards州长对路易斯安那州的前景持不自信的态度。故选D。
B
(2024·石家庄模拟)The mment the grund stps shaking after an earthquake, sme peple may wnder whether their pets—r wild animals fr that matter—knew the disaster was cming.
T get t the bttm f this questin, Heik With, a scientist at the German Research Centre fr Gesciences, and his clleagues evaluated mre than 700 published reprts f unusual behavir amng 130 species, including insects, birds, fish, cats, dgs and cattle frm 160 earthquakes.The recrds included all kinds f behavirs, including a tiger that reprtedly gt depressed befre an earthquake.
The researchers fund that 90 percent f all reprted cases happened within 62 miles f the epicenter (震中) and within 60 days f an earthquake.Then, they examined when and where freshcks had happened in the regin and cncluded that it was hard t say these animals culd predict the earthquake itself.They were just respnding t freshcks.
“The space­time pattern f animal precursrs (预兆) and freshcks is strikingly similar，” With said.“Frm this, we cncluded that the abnrmal animal behavir might simply be related t freshcks.These animals are just respnding t freshcks rather than predicting the earthquake.They dn't have super pwer.”
Despite the vast number f incidences, gd infrmatin was little and scientific evidence is lacking.“A majr surprise fr us was that the large majrity f the published claims were built n pr bservatinal data, which did nt stand as statistical scientific prf，” With said.
T better study whether animals can predict earthquakes, With and his clleagues suggested that researchers ask a number f yes­r­n questins in any upcming experiments, including “Is the experimental setup and mnitring prcedure clearly described and reprducible？” and “Is it prven that the animal behavir is really unusual？”
Meanwhile, humans are wrking n technlgies that can detect earthquakes secnds befre they hit.Hpefully, we will have such devices t warn peple that the earthquake is cming.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。尽管每次地震过后总有动物异常行为的报道，然而动物能够预测地震这种结论缺乏科学依据。动物的异常行为只能说明对前震有所反应，并不能说明它们可以预测地震。
5．Hw did With cnduct the study?
A．By analyzing frmer reprts.
B．By bserving animals' behavir.
C．By cllecting data in the earthquake.
D．By cmparing animals' different respnses.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，With评估了很多动物异常行为的报告，从而去指导研究。故选A。
6．What is With's new finding?
A．Tigers becme depressed easily.
B．Certain animals have super pwer.
C．Sme animals can react t freshcks.
D．Animals in the same area act similarly.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容和第四段中“Frm ... the earthquake.They dn't have super pwer.”可知，并没有足够的证据说明动物能够预测地震，但是它们会对前震有反应。故选C项。
7．What surprised the scientists in the study?
A．All reprted cases tk place in the same area.
B．There were t many reprts abut freshcks.
C．Sme animals act strangely befre earthquakes.
D．The previus reprts lack accurate data supprt.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“A majr surprise ... scientific prf”可知，之前的观点大多都是建立在观察数据基础之上的，不能作为科学证据。故选D项。
8．What is mainly talked abut in the passage?
A．Hw animals behave in earthquakes.
B．Whether animals can predict earthquakes.
C．What is the link between animals and earthquakes.
D．Why peple study animals' behavir in earthquakes.
解析：B 主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章在讨论动物是否具有预测地震的超能力。故选B项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
A pwerful magnitude 7.1 temblr rcked Suthern Califrnia n July 5, 2019, just 34 hurs after a magnitude 6.4 earthquake hit the same area.This latest event was widely felt. __9__ Aftershcks are expected t cntinue.
Earthquakes are als called temblrs.__10__ It's hard t imagine they happen by the thusands every day arund the wrld, usually in the frm f small tremrs.Sme 80% f all the planet's earthquakes happen alng the rim (边缘) f the Pacific Ocean.__11__ That is because f a lt f vlcanic activity there, as well.
Scientists give a magnitude rating t earthquakes based n the strength and duratin f their seismic (地震的) waves.A magnitude f 3 t 4.9 is cnsidered minr r light; 5 t 6.9 is mderate (中等的) t strng; 7 t 7.9 is majr; and 8 r mre is great.
__12__ Sme 10,000 peple die in earthquakes every year.Earthquakes may als lead t ther natural disasters.Smaller temblrs that usually happen in the days fllwing a large earthquake can cause further death and damage.__13__
A．It is called the “Ring f Fire”．
B．They can cause huge damage.
C．Prtect yurself as quickly as pssible.
D．In fact, a magnitude 8 quake strikes smewhere every year.
E．Lss f life can be avided thrugh planning and educatin.
F．One imprtant way is t try t make yur hme as safe as pssible.
G．It caused several fires and damage t buildings and rads in Ridgecrest and nearby.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章以2019年发生在加利福尼亚州的地震为例介绍了地震的相关知识。
9．选G 上文中提到加利福尼亚州发生了7.1级地震，G项指出了此次地震所造成的结果，其中的It指代上文中的“A pwerful magnitude 7.1 temblr”。
10．选B B项中的They指代上文中的Earthquakes，B项中的“cause huge damage”与下文中的“It's hard t imagine they happen”语义上形成连贯，指出地震的危害。
11．选A 下文中的“a lt f vlcanic activity there”解释了A项中“Ring f Fire”——环太平洋火山带的含义。
12．选D D项承接上文中的“8 r mre is great”，与下文中的“Sme 10,000 peple die in earthquakes every year”之间是并列关系，指出了全球每年地震发生的概况。
13．选E 上句提到大地震之后发生的震级较小的地震会造成进一步的死亡与损失。E项指出了避免造成这一损失的方法与措施。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Every family shuld have an emergency kit in their hme.If there is an earthquake r a hurricane, fr example, there culd be a __14__ cut, r the water culd get plluted.Yu might be __15__ at yur hme fr several days because f a strm r a fld.Having an emergency kit __16__ culd help if anything like this __17__.
Yur emergency kit might include the fllwing __18__：
The first aid kit shuld include alchl, cttn wl, bandages, painkillers, clean bttled water and burn intment.
It is __19__ t keep nn­perishable (不易腐坏的) fd supplies.In ther wrds, fd that wn't spil (变质) ut f the fridge，such as canned fd.There shuld be __20__ fd fr three days.It is better if the fd des nt have t be cked.Dn't __21__ the can pener!
It's a gd __22__ fr each family member t have a __23__ change f clthes, including waterprf shes and a raincat, as well as sme warm blankets in case yu have t __24__ utdrs, just as if yu were camping!
Other things yu can __25__ the kit are: flashlight and spare batteries, paper and pencils, mbile radi, matches and candles.Dn't frget these things need t be checked regularly t be sure that they __26__ well.Check the expiry (期满) __27__ n any canned fd.Yu can als put in a backpack sme f the things that are __28__ t yu, such as a ty r smething else that yu care abut.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了准备应急包的重要性以及应急包里应该放置哪些东西。
14．A.paper B．price C．knife D．pwer
解析：选D 设空处与下文中的“the water culd get plluted”应该是发生地震或者飓风之后可能会出现的结果。只有a pwer cut(断电)符合语境。
15．A.relaxed B．alne C．stuck D．free
解析：选C 由下文中的“at yur hme”可知，你受灾不得不困在家里好几天。stuck(被困)符合语境，说明是一种无奈之举。
16．A.clean B．prepared
C．pen D．paid
解析：选B 由本段的中心句“Every family shuld have an emergency kit in their hme.”以及上文列举的情况可知，这里是说当上述灾难“发生(happens)”时，“准备(prepared)”好应急包的必要性。
17．A.happens B．changes
C．stps D．chses
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
18．A.plans B．tips
C．disasters D．supplies
解析：选D 下文提到的急救药箱、不容易腐坏的食物和备用衣服都是应急包里应该有的东西。故supplies(补给品)符合语境。
19．A.unspeakable B．reusable
C．advisable D．admirable
解析：选C 由上文中的“Yur emergency kit might include”可知，不易腐坏的食物是作者认为需要放在应急包里的东西。故advisable(明智的)符合语境。
20．A.sme B．enugh C．ht D．delicius
解析：选B 根据常识可知，这里应该指准备好够三天的食物，以备不时之需。
21．A.frget B．bring C．try D．buy
解析：选A 由上文中的“canned fd”及常识可知，准备罐头食品，自然也要准备开罐器。故这里表示不要忘记准备开罐器。
22．A.dream B．excuse C．idea D．chance
解析：选C 为每个家庭成员准备好这些东西是个不错的主意。
23．A.sudden B．daily
C．spare D．real
解析：选C 根据常识可知，应急包放置的衣服应该是为家人准备好可替换的衣服。故选spare，表示“备用的”。
24．A.sleep B．tur C．run D．ck
解析：选A 由下文中的“as if yu were camping”可知，就像野营时一样，毯子的作用是保暖，以在户外休息时御寒。
25．A.take in B．get in C．turn in D．put in
解析：选D 由上文中的“Yur emergency kit might include”可知，这里指应急包里还应该放置的其他东西。put in ...意为“把……放到……里”。
26．A.play B．wrk C．deliver D．knw
解析：选B 定期检查应急包里所含物品的目的是要确保这些应急的物品能用。wrk表示“奏效，起作用”。
27．A.date B．ntice
C．law D．value
解析：选A 根据常识可知，食物是有保质期的。因此这里指罐装食物包装盒上的有效期。
28．A.bring B．imprtant
C．new D．acceptable
解析：选B 根据常识及下文中的“such as a ty r smething else that yu care abut”可知，放入应急包里的东西应是对你重要的。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Natural phenmena (现象) can smetimes strike very hard and cause disasters if effective measures have nt been taken r if sme human __1__ (activity) have harmed the natural envirnment.
Fr example, t much water that the sil __2__ (be) unable t take in can cause flds, while t little water in sme areas can lead t drught.But peple can make situatins __3__ (bad), fr example, when trees are cut dwn and n new nes __4__ (plant)．This makes the sil very dry, which can create cnditins __5__ (high) suitable fr sil being blwn away.What's mre, when rain cmes, there might nt be enugh rts and plant cver __6__ (make) the sil stick tgether, and a landslide can take place.
Mst wildfires are caused directly r indirectly __7__ peple.Farmers, fr example, smetimes burn __8__ (they) fields t deal with wild plants befre planting, and the fire can get ut f cntrl.Smetimes peple are careless when smking r frget t put ut campfires when they g camping.A little spark is smetimes all it takes t start __9__ fire.
If we destry parts f nature such as frests and muntain plants, we are destrying the natural barriers __10__ prtect us frm tsunamis, drughts, landslides, flds and ther disasters.
eq \x(语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了人类与自然灾害之间的关系。)
1．activities 考查名词复数。根据其后的谓语动词have及语境可知，这里指“一些人类活动”，表示泛指，故填复数形式。
2．is 考查时态和主谓一致。从句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；且其主语是sil，故填is。
3．wrse 考查形容词比较级。situatins指代上文的“水量过多或过少会引起洪灾或旱灾”，根据But和语境可知，此处表达的是比较意义，指人类会让这种情况变得更糟。
4．are planted 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。本句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；nes指代trees，谓语动词用复数；又因nes与动词plant之间是被动关系，故填are planted。
5．highly 考查副词。空处作状语，修饰形容词suitable，故填副词形式。
6．t make 考查非谓语动词。空处作定语，说明enugh rts and plant cver的作用，故填t make。
7．by 考查介词。根据语境可知，大多数野火都是由人类直接或间接引起的。
8．their 考查代词。空处作定语，修饰名词fields，表示“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词。
9．a 考查冠词。这里指引起一场火灾，是泛指，又因fire的读音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
10．that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，指代natural barriers，且在从句中作主语，故填that或which。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，是某国际学校的学生。你校将进行地震应急演练(drill)，需要设计一张英文版的宣传海报(pster)，请写封邮件给你的英国朋友Olivia，请她帮忙设计。内容包括：
1．请求帮忙的原因；2.需要的帮助；3.表示感谢。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。



参考范文：
Dear Olivia，
I need t design a pster fr an earthquake drill t be held at ur schl next Friday.I wnder if yu wuld have time t help me with the design.
I knw yu are gd at cmputer drawing.Wuld yu please design sme pictures fr me？I'm als having difficulty writing the drill­related wrds fr the pster, s I wuld be thankful if yu culd crrect my versin.
Thank yu very much fr any help yu can prvide.I'm lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs，
Li Hua