新课标高考英语一轮复习必修第三册UNIT4单元主题练习含答案

这是一份新课标高考英语一轮复习必修第三册UNIT4单元主题练习含答案，共9页。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·佛山二模)The future f space explratin may depend n an art frm frm the past: rigami (折纸艺术), the ancient art f paper flding.
Researchers frm Washingtn State University (WSU), US, have used rigami t pssibly slve the prblem f string and mving fuel t rcket engines, a key challenge in space travel, accrding t Newswise.They've develped a fldable plastic fuel “bladder (囊状物)” resistant t super cld temperatures, which culd be used t stre and pump fuel in spacecrafts f the future.Their findings have recently been published in the jurnal Crygenics.
“Flks have been trying t make bags fr rcket fuel fr a lng time，” said Jake Leachman, ne f the lead researchers.“We currently dn't d large, lng­duratin trips because we can't stre fuel lng enugh in space.”
Meanwhile, NASA is als lking t paper flding t help bserve distant planets.The agency is currently develping Starshade, a fldable, sunflwer­shaped piece f hardware that wuld help blck starlight and enable telescpes t view distant bjects mre clearly in space.
“A huge part f my jb is lking at smething n paper and asking, ‘Can we fly this？’” Manan Arya, a technlgist in Califrnia, said.“Once I realized this is hw yu fld spacecraft structures, I became interested in rigami.I realized I was gd at it and enjyed it.Nw, I fld cnstantly.”
Using rigami fr space purpses isn't new, hwever.Slar arrays (太阳能阵列), experimental wings fr space shuttle prgrams and an inflatable (可充气的) satellite were als inspired by rigami in bth past and present space prjects.
“With mst rigami, the magic cmes frm the flding，” Rbert Salazar, wh helped design the Starshade and nw wrks n the Transfrmers prject, said in a statement.“There are s many patterns t still be explred.”
eq \x(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。)
1．Which can be the suitable title fr the text?
A．Flding int space.
B．The art f paper flding.
C．Space explratin.
D．The rigami­inspired prjects.
解析：选A 标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“The future f ..., the ancient art f paper flding.”可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用。
2．Hw culd the “bladder” help in future missins?
A．T prtect spacecrafts frm extreme weather.
B．T be used t stre and supply fuel in spacecrafts.
C．T help rcket engines cut energy cnsumptin.
D．T be used t imprve energy efficiency.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They've develped spacecrafts f the future.”可知，囊状物被用来在航天器中存储和提供燃料。
3．What can we knw abut NASA's Starshade?
A．It can be used t get telescpes clser t stars.
B．It can enlarge the view f telescpes in space.
C．It can absrb a star's light befre it enters telescpes.
D．It can help telescpes get clearer pictures f bjects in space.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The agency is view distant bjects mre clearly in space.”可知，NASA的Starshade可以帮助望远镜获得更清晰的太空物体图像。
4．Which sectin is this text frm?
A．A travel jurnal. B．A digest.
C．A science reprt. D．An advertisement.
解析：选C 推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句可知，本文主要讲述了折纸艺术在太空探索中的广泛应用，所以文章是一篇科学报道。
B
The mn, which has experienced a distinct and cmplex gelgical histry, presents a striking appearance. The mn may be divided int tw majr terrains：the Maria (dark lwlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands). The cntrast in the reflectivity (the capability f reflecting light) f these tw terrains suggested t many early bservers that the tw terrains might have different cmpsitins, and this assumptin was cnfirmed by missins t the mn such as Surveyr and Apll.
One f the mst bvius differences between the terrains is the smthness f the Maria in cntrast t the rughness f the highlands. This rughness is mstly caused by the abundance f craters：the highlands are cmpletely cvered by large craters, while the craters f the Maria tend t be much smaller. It is nw knwn that the vast majrity f the mn's craters were frmed by the impact f slid bdies with the lunar surface.
Mst f the near side f the mn was thrughly mapped and studied frm telescpic pictures years befre the age f space explratin. Earth­based telescpes can recgnize bjects as small as a few hundred meters n the lunar surface. Clse bservatin f craters, cmbined with the way the mn diffusely reflects sunlight, led t the understanding that the mn is cvered by a surface layer with strange,_winding_marks. Althugh varius land frms were discvered, the majrity f astrnmers' attentin was fixed n craters and their rigins.
Astrnmers have knwn fr a fairly lng time that the shape f craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters have relatively simple shapes. They have rund­edged tps that are raised abve the surrunding terrain, smth, bwl­shaped insides, and depths that are abut ne­sixth their diameters. The cmplexity f shape increases fr larger craters.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观。文中详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别。
5．What des the text mainly discuss?
A．The aim f the Surveyr and Apll space missins.
B．Characteristics f the majr terrains f the mn.
C．The rigin f the mn's craters.
D．Techniques used t discver the mn's land frms.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The mn, which has experienced ... the Terrace (bright highlands)．”并结合文章详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别可知，本文主要介绍了月球的地表特征。故选B。
6．Why are the Surveyr and Apll missins mentined?
A．T cnfirm earlier theries abut the mn's surface.
B．T reveal that previus ideas abut the mn's craters were unreasnable.
C．T prvide detailed infrmatin abut the mn's surface.
D．T identify hw the mn's craters were made.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The cntrast in the reflectivity ... Surveyr and Apll.”可推知，提到“勘测者”和“阿波罗”是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。故选 A。
7．The authr mentins “strange, winding marks” in Paragraph 3 as an example f ________.
A．an aspect f the lunar surface discvered thrugh lunar missins
B．a characteristic f large craters
C．a discvery made thrugh the use f earth­based telescpes
D．features that astrnmers bserved t be cmmn t the earth and the mn
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Earth­based telescpes can recgnize ... winding marks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是作为一个使用地面望远镜进行发现的例子。故选C。
8．The last paragraph prbably cntinues with______.
A．sme difference in the ways small and large craters were frmed
B．the different shapes small craters can have
C．the reasns craters are difficult t study
D．the descriptin f sme features f large craters
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，最后一段可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
The Cassini­Huygens space prbe, which reached Saturn last week, has sent back amazing phtgraphs f the planet's famus rings viewed in ultravilet light.__9__ The different clurs shw exactly what the rings are.The red means the ring cntains tiny pieces f rck and the blue and green is likely t be a mixture f water and frzen gases.__10__ That's why it is s light and it culd flat n water — if a big enugh cean culd be fund!
__11__ It aims t explre the planet and its rings and mns.It was launched in 1997 and its missin was t explre the “gas giant” planet, which is the furthest planet t be seen frm the Earth withut a telescpe.
Scientists say the spacecraft's fur­year tur f Saturn may tell them hw the rings are frmed.__12__
The prbe has sent back pictures f sme f Saturn's mns, including Phebe and Titan.Phebe has a strange shape.___13__ Saturn's biggest mn, Titan, is believed t be the nly bdy in the slar system ther than the Earth with liquid n the surface.The images f Phebe and Titan lk strangely like phts f the Earth and ur wn mn, taken decades ag by the earliest space missins.
A．Saturn itself is made f gases.
B．The pictures are hard t take in space.
C．The prbe is an internatinal space prject.
D．They will discver mre secrets abut the spacecraft.
E．The pictures shw them in shades f blue, green and red.
F．It will als study the planet's atmsphere and magnetic field.
G．Unlike ther planets and their mns, it is nt perfectly rund.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Cassini­Huygens太空探测器以及土星的相关情况。
9．选E 根据上文可知探测器拍摄到了照片，可推测本句承接上文继续说明这些照片的情况，E选项中The pictures对应上文中phtgraphs。故E选项“这些照片用蓝色、绿色和红色的色调展示它们”符合语境。
10．选A 根据上文可知，照片上蓝色和绿色可能是水和冰冻气体的混合物，后文则说那就是它这么轻的原因，由此可知本句是在说明土星很轻的原因，后文it指代A选项中Saturn。故A选项“土星本身是由气体组成的”符合语境。
11．选C 根据下文可知，主要介绍了探测器的目的和任务，下文中It指代C选项中The prbe。故C选项“这个探测器是一个国际空间项目”符合语境。
12．选F 根据上文可知，航天器在土星未来的任务，F选项中It指代上文中the spacecrafts。故F选项“它还将研究该星球的大气和磁场”符合语境。
13．选G 根据上文可知，菲比形状很奇怪，本句应承接上文进一步说明奇怪之处在哪里，G选项中it指代上文中Phebe。故G选项“不像其他行星和它们的卫星，它不是完美的圆”符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
A 54­year­ld dentist, Gdman purchased his first __14__ and jined the Hward Astrnmical League (HAL)．“There aren't t many big astrnmy __15__，” said Marc Feuerberg, wh is President f HAL. “If yu are int astrnmy at all, yu kind f end up here.”
HAL which has abut 120 members __16__ “star parties” several times a mnth.The grup als hlds sessins at lcal libraries and schls, with the __17__ f creating a new generatin f sky __18__.
Astrnmy in general is srt f like ham radi.It was __19__ just after Wrld War Ⅱ，__20__ nw it is “kind f graying”， said Chas Rimp, the club's events rganizer.
Members ffer several reasns fr the __21__： kids tday wuld rather lk at stuff n cmputers than __22__； peple think the telescpes are hard t __23__.
But they say there's nthing like being utdrs, lking at the sky and cnsidering Earth's tiny place in the __24__.
HAL members are ding what they can t make an impressin n a new generatin f __25__ astrnmy lvers.Plans are under way t __26__ the bservatry in Alpha Ridge Park, said Rimp.
Alpha Ridge Park was chsen as the site because it is __27__ lcated near Interstate 70, but mstly because it has little light pllutin, said Gdman.
“It might be a few years befre the bservatry is actually in place，” Gdman said, “but nce it is __28__， it will be run by HAL members and be pen t the public.And it will give HAL a place f its wn.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了霍华德天文社团为培养新一代天空观测者而做出了许多努力。
14．A.radi B．telescpe
C．machine D．cmputer
解析：选B 根据后文Hward Astrnmical League可推知，Gdman购买的是用来观测的望远镜。故选B。
15．A.schls B．clubs
C．cmpanies D．centers
解析：选B 根据上文Hward Astrnmical League可知，此处指大型的天文社团(clubs)。故选B。
16．A.takes B．hlds
C．builds D．pens
解析：选B 根据后文“star parties”可知，是举办(hlds)“星星派对”。后文“The grup als hlds sessins at lcal libraries and schls”也有提示。故选B。
17．A.pinin B．suggestin
C．gal D．agreement
解析：选C 根据后文“f creating a new generatin f sky”可知，是在说明举办这些活动的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选C。
18．A.watchers B．astrnauts
C．visitrs D．astrnmers
解析：选A 根据上文Gdman买望远镜可知，俱乐部的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选A。
19．A.successful B．ppular
C．imprtant D．secure
解析：选B 根据后文nw it is “kind f graying”可知，在二战刚结束时天文学很受欢迎，但是现在有点衰退了。故选B。
20．A.and B．s
C．but D．thugh
解析：选C 根据上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。
21．A.shrtcmings B．disadvantages
C．failure D．decline
解析：选D 根据上文nw it is “kind f graying”可知，此处是在分析如今俱乐部衰退的原因。故选D。
22．A.watch ut B．g away
C．g ut D．give away
解析：选C 根据上文“kids tday wuld rather lk at stuff n cmputers”可知，如今的孩子喜欢待在家里看电脑，不愿意出门。故选C。
23．A.perate B．purchase
C．adjust D．calculate
解析：选A 根据上文peple think the telescpes are hard t可知，人们认为望远镜难以操作(perate)，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。
24．A.sky B．universe
C．earth D．wrld
解析：选B 根据上文cnsidering Earth's tiny place in the可知，是思考地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故选B。
25．A.skillful B．excellent
C．ptential D．patient
解析：选C 根据上文a new generatin f可知，HAL的成员正在尽其所能给新一代潜在的(ptential)天文爱好者留下深刻印象。故选C。
26．A.pick B．insert
C．fit D．place
解析：选C 根据后文“the bservatry in Alpha Ridge Park”可知，在阿尔法岭公园安装天文台的计划正在进行。故选C。
27．A.ttally B．cnveniently
C．partly D．cnventinally
解析：选B 根据后文“lcated near Interstate 70”可知，阿尔法岭公园靠近70号州际公路，交通很方便。故选B。
28．A.chsen B．designed
C．cmpleted D．fund
解析：选C 根据上文“It might be a few years befre the bservatry is actually in place”可知，此处表示天文台一旦完成。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空
The 500­metre Aperture Spherical Radi Telescpe, als knwn as China's Tianyan r “Sky Eye”， has__1__ (fficial) pened t glbal scientists since March, 2021.
As we knw, radi telescpes __2__ (design) t “listen” r “receive” signals emitted frm the universe.With specialized antennas (天线) and radi receivers, these telescpes can detect radi waves frm stars, galaxies and black hles.The data cllected in turn help scientists __3__ (gd) explre the universe.It will als be used ccasinally t search fr alien life.
The giant radi telescpe will als help find mre pulsars (脉冲星), which send ut steady signals and waves in a regular rhythm.Scientists use pulsars __4__ (study) the extreme states f matter, measure csmic (宇宙的) distances and track time in an ultra­precise (超精密) way.S far, it __5__ (discver) mre than 240 pulsars.
__6__ (lcate) in suthwest China's Guizhu Prvince，__7__ largest single­dish radi telescpe f the wrld was cmpleted in 2016.It was put t use __8__ January 11, 2020.FAST is nw the nly “Sky Eye” __9__ humans can use t bserve csmic waves.It has immense ptential t detect fast radi bursts and gravitatinal waves, __10__ (prvide) data supprt fr research int the physical prcess f the Big Bang, accrding t experts at the NAO.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“天眼”望远镜已经投入使用和其工作原理，它为研究大爆炸的物理过程提供了数据支持。
1．fficially 考查副词。使用副词作状语修饰谓语动词。
2．are designed 考查时态和语态。该句描述的是一般事实，使用一般现在时，主语 radi telescpes (复数意义)和design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。
3．better 考查比较级。科学家这样做的目的是为了研究宇宙，那么通过收集到的数据会促进科学家“更好地”研究宇宙，因此这里使用比较级的形式。
4．t study 考查动词不定式。此处使用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了做某事”。
5．has discvered 考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语“s far”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，主语it为单数意义，故填has discvered。
6．Lcated 考查过去分词。主语 telescpe与lcate是被动关系，应填lcate的过去分词作状语。(be)lcated in “位于”。
7．the 考查冠词。由“f the wrld”和“largest”可知，该单碟射电望远镜是世界范围内最大的，这是形容词的最高级形式。
8．n 考查介词。此处表示“在具体的某一天”，应使用介词n。
9．that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词Sky Eye(指物)在从句中作宾语并且先行词前有the nly限制，因此应用关系代词that而不能使用which引导定语从句。
10．prviding 考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，prvide在句中作非谓语动词，它与前面的“detect fast radi bursts and gravitatinal waves”在逻辑上是主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Carsn写邮件与你探讨太空探索的未来。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示对该话题感兴趣；
2．探讨太空探索的未来；
3．期待更多交流。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。




参考范文：
Dear Carsn，
I am interested in discussing the future f space explratin with yu.
In the future, mre and mre private cmpanies frm arund the wrld will invent new generatins f spaceships, which will reduce the cst f sending humans int space.We will see the next generatin f mnwalkers, as well as the develpment f new technlgy that will help us better explre uter space.Natins shuld jin hands in space explratin.
I hpe we will further ur discussins abut the tpic and share the latest news and infrmatin.Lking frward t hearing frm yu.
Yurs，
Li Hua