重难点04 阅读理解主旨大意题-2025年高考英语 （原卷版+解析版）

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高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。
预计2024年高考主旨大意题仍旧占比0-1题。
近3年新高考主旨大意题数据分析
规律方法1： 如何精确归纳标题？
1、利用主题段来概括标题
主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语——文章的标题。
2、利用主题句来概括标题
解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。
做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：
(1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；
(2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；
(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。
规律方法2：如何概括文章大意？
1. 做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。
2. 在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
规律方法3：如何总结段落大意？
段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。主题句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概括主题句。0

典例分析
典例一
（2023·新高考卷II B篇）Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
8．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Rescuing Schl GardensB．Experiencing Cuntry Life
C．Grwing Vegetable LversD．Changing Lcal Landscape
【答案】 8．C
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Spruts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens.(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramill等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Spruts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C。
典例二
（2023·新高考卷I D篇）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
9．What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A．The methds f estimatin.B．The underlying lgic f the effect.
C．The causes f peple’s errrs.D．The design f Galtn’s experiment.
【答案】9．B
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and cme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
（建议用时：10分钟/篇）
1. （2023·山东·统考二模）A study frm the University f Mntreal and the Mntreal Museum f Fine Arts, published in Frntiers in Medicine, fund that regular virtual visits t museums culd help senirs stay mentally active and cme with a hst f additinal health benefits. That’s because these digital cnnectins can make retirees feel less lnely and islated (孤立的).
Scial islatin has been assciated with the risks fr heart disease and the decline f recgnitin abilities in senirs and the pandemic (疫情) increased the risks due t the need fr senirs t stay hme and islate, accrding t a press release frm the university.
The researchers investigated the ptential benefits f weekly virtual visits fr a three-mnth perid. The participants were peple aged 65 and lder wh lived in Mntreal. Half f the participants tk part in nline visits and a discussin afterwards, while the cntrl grup did nt participate in any cultural events at all. The grup wh participated in the virtual visits shwed imprvements in their quality f life. “Our study shwed that art-based activities may be an effective interventin (干预),” lead authr Dr. Olivier Beauchet, a prfessr at the University f Mntreal, said in the press release. “On a glbal scale, this participatry art-based activity culd becme a mdel that culd be ffered in museums and arts institutins wrldwide t prmte active and healthy aging.”
The prpsal reflects appraches recmmended by the Wrld Health Organizatin t manage certain diseases, accrding t Beauchet. Fr instance, the WHO launched the Aging and Health Prgram in 2015 that included using cmmunity-based rganizatins t prmte culture as a key cmpnent (成分) f imprving health. Traditinally, these srts f preventive health activities have taken place in schls, cmmunity centers, and wrkplaces. “While these are suitable lcatins that reach a great number f peple, there are additinal rganizatins and sectrs that culd becme partners in public health research and practice develpment,” Beauchet said. “Museums are amng such ptential partners. They are aware f the needs f their cmmunities and are cnsequently expanding the types f activities they ffer.”
1．Hw d senirs benefit frm regular virtual visits t museums?
A．They get survival skills.B．They raise interest in art.
C．They imprve quality f life.D．They cnnect mre with family.
2．What can be inferred frm Beauchet’s wrds in Paragraph 3?
A．Participants cme frm the whle wrld.
B．The museum needs better cultural events.
C．Face-t-face discussin is a useful interventin.
D．Senirs shuld attend mre art-based activities.
3．What is the purpse f the last paragraph?
A．T advcate.B．T criticize.C．T expse.D．T warn.
4．Which may be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Aged Frm a Cmmunity t Reduce Lneliness.
B．Online Museum Trips Imprve Senirs’ Well-being.
C．Virtual Art-based Activities Bring Peple Tgether.
D．Retired Individuals Pay Mre Visits t Museums.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蒙特利尔大学和蒙特利尔美术博物馆发表在《医学前沿》上的一项研究发现，定期虚拟参观博物馆可以帮助老年人保持精神活跃，并带来许多额外的健康益处。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“A study frm the University f Mntreal and the Mntreal Museum f Fine Arts, published in Frntiers in Medicine, fund that regular virtual visits t museums culd help senirs stay mentally active and cme with a hst f additinal health benefits. That’s because these digital cnnectins can make retirees feel less lnely and islated (孤立的).(蒙特利尔大学和蒙特利尔美术博物馆发表在《医学前沿》上的一项研究发现，定期虚拟参观博物馆可以帮助老年人保持精神活跃，并带来许多额外的健康益处。这是因为这些数字连接可以让退休人员感到不那么孤独和孤立)”可知，定期虚拟参观博物馆，老年人提高了生活质量。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段““Our study shwed that art-based activities may be an effective interventin,” lead authr Dr. Olivier Beauchet, a prfessr at the University f Mntreal, said in the press release. “On a glbal scale, this participatry art-based activity culd becme a mdel that culd be ffered in museums and arts institutins wrldwide t prmte active and healthy aging.”(“我们的研究表明，以艺术为基础的活动可能是一种有效的干预措施，” 蒙特利尔大学教授、该研究的主要作者奥利维尔·博切特博士在新闻发布会中说。“在全球范围内，这种以艺术为基础的参与性活动可以成为世界各地博物馆和艺术机构提供的一种模式，以促进积极健康的老龄化。”)”可知，根据博切特所说，老年人应该多参加以艺术为基础的活动。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The prpsal reflects appraches recmmended by the Wrld Health Organizatin t manage certain diseases, accrding t Beauchet. Fr instance, the WHO launched the Aging and Health Prgram in 2015 that included using cmmunity-based rganizatins t prmte culture as a key cmpnent (成分) f imprving health.(博切特表示，该提案反映了世界卫生组织建议的管理某些疾病的方法。例如，世界卫生组织于2015年启动了老龄化与健康计划，其中包括利用社区组织促进文化，将其作为改善健康的关键组成部分)”可推知，最后一段的目的是为了提倡老龄化与健康规划。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A study frm the University f Mntreal and the Mntreal Museum f Fine Arts, published in Frntiers in Medicine, fund that regular virtual visits t museums culd help senirs stay mentally active and cme with a hst f additinal health benefits. That’s because these digital cnnectins can make retirees feel less lnely and islated (孤立的).(蒙特利尔大学和蒙特利尔美术博物馆发表在《医学前沿》上的一项研究发现，定期虚拟参观博物馆可以帮助老年人保持精神活跃，并带来许多额外的健康益处。这是因为这些数字连接可以让退休人员感到不那么孤独和孤立)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了定期虚拟参观博物馆可以帮助老年人保持精神活跃，并带来许多额外的健康益处，所以“网上博物馆之旅改善老年人的健康”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。
2.（2023·江苏·江苏省天一中学校考模拟预测）In a mdern sciety, the public can share many things, such as bicycles and cars. That is cmmnly referred t as a “sharing ecnmy”. If “shared grannies” sunds new, that is because it is a new idea in Chinese sciety.
A team f elderly wmen wh serve as “shared grannies”, in Shipingcun Cmmunity, Chngqing recently received praise nline. They help wrking parents pick up their children frm schl, help children with their hmewrk, and take children t different kinds f activities.
The team has nine wmen in their 60s r 70s, mst f whm live alne. They vlunteer t lk after mre than 20 students frm Yangshilu Primary Schl.
The cmmunity, with 6,500 husehlds, has mre than 20000peplef whm mre than 5,000 are aged 60 r lder. And there are many wrking parents unable t pick up their children frm schl, and many f thse parents d nt have anyne t pick up their children. S they are in badly need f help.
On the ther hand, many elderly wmen in the cmmunity are nt ready t settle int retired(退休的)life, and they are eager t cntinue t d smething fr their cmmunity. S the “shared grannies” prgram was set up in April.
Deng Lihng, 66, vlunteered t be a “shared granny”. “Althugh we are ld, we shuld still d smething gd fr ur cuntry. Children are the future f ur cuntry. I feel yung and pleasant with the children, and my retired life is meaningful,” she says.
Cui Jingqin, a self-emplyed labrer, has relied n the “shared grannies” since the prgram began. “My sn lves these grannies, and I am glad that the ‘shared grannies’ can take care f ur children after schl,” she says.
Peng Mei, secretary f the Party Cmmittee f Shipingcun Cmmunity, says that in additin t ‘shared grannies’ they als call n cllege students t serve as vlunteers, buy mre bks and rganize mre activities fr children.
5．Which f the fllwing is the task f “shared grannies”?
A．Sending children t schl.B．Helping d the husewrk.
C．Organizing sme activities.D．Lking after children after schl.
6．Which wrd can best describe “shared grannies”?
A．Financially difficult.B．Beneficial.
C．Educated.D．Open-minded.
7．Why did the authr mentin “Cui Jingqin”?
A．T shw children largely rely n this prgram.
B．T shw wmen with children live a hard life.
C．T shw parents are satisfied with this prgram.
D．T shw wmen play an imprtant part in sciety.
8．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．A New Glbal TrendB．A New Kind f Sharing
C．Children and Their GrandmasD．The Cmeback f Shared Grandma
【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国社会的一个新概念“共享奶奶”，这些“共享奶奶”帮助社区里面没有人照顾孩子的家庭，帮助他们在放学后照顾孩子。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“They help wrking parents pick up their children frm schl, help children with their hmewrk, and take children t different kinds f activities.(她们帮助上班的父母接孩子放学，帮助孩子做作业，带孩子参加各种各样的活动。)”可知，“共享奶奶”会在放学后照顾没有人照顾的孩子们。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“They help wrking parents pick up their children frm schl, help children with their hmewrk, and take children t different kinds f activities.(她们帮助上班的父母接孩子放学，帮助孩子做作业，带孩子参加各种各样的活动。)”可知，这些“共享奶奶”会在放学后照顾没有人照顾的孩子们，因此她们是乐于助人的，是“有益的”。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““My sn lves these grannies, and I am glad that the ‘shared grannies’ can take care f ur children after schl,” she says.(她说：“我儿子很喜欢这些奶奶，我很高兴‘共享奶奶’能在放学后照顾我们的孩子。”)”可知，这段提到崔景芹的目的是说明家长们对这个项目的满意。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。文章在首段“In a mdern sciety, the public can share many things, such as bicycles and cars. That is cmmnly referred t as a “sharing ecnmy”. If “shared grannies” sunds new, that is because it is a new idea in Chinese sciety. (在现代社会，公众可以分享很多东西，比如自行车和汽车。这就是通常所说的“共享经济”。如果说“共享奶奶”听起来很新鲜，那是因为它在中国社会是个新概念。)”提出了“共享奶奶”的新概念，然后全文围绕此话题进行介绍，由此推断B选项“A New Kind f Sharing(一种新的共享方式)”能够更好地概括全文。故选B。
3.（2023·江苏镇江·统考模拟预测）Fr many cnsumers, lw prices are ften equal t cheap prducts. While everyne lves a gd bargain (特价商品), lw prices can harm hw yur prduct is viewed. Instead f getting a great deal, custmers ften believe that yu get what yu pay fr. Thugh everyday lw-pricing strategies can wrk fr sme cmpanies, they’re nt always the best idea fr certain lines f business.
Cnsumer perceptins play a significant rle in strategic pricing. Despite all the prmtins surrunding great deals, it turns ut that cheaper isn’t always better. Research frm Vanderbilt University suggests that lw prices can backfire because cnsumers smetimes see them as signs f lw-quality prducts. Hwever, researchers als fund that cnsumers smetimes see lw prices as simply gd deals. Shppers’ perceptins depend n what they’re thinking abut when deciding whether r nt t buy a prduct.
If cnsumers cme acrss a lw-priced prduct r service, they may see it as either a gd deal r nt wrth their time and mney. Hw cnsumers think abut price is just as imprtant as the actual price itself.
Cnsumers rarely have cmplete infrmatin and use varius strategies t fill gaps in their knwledge when cnsidering prducts. One strategy invlves using naive theries: infrmal explanatins used by cnsumers t make sense f their envirnment. A cnsumer may perceive an upscale (高档的) cmpany’s prices are t high r assume discunt retailers’ (零售店) prducts are inferir (次的) due t its reputatin being assciated with lwer quality items than ther stres selling similar gds.
Cmpanies can influence hw custmers feel abut their lw prices by cnducting market research and imprving marketing strategies fcused n highlighting prduct quality rather than just value alne which tends twards making peple rate cheaper prducts mre favrably. When cmpanies fcus n the prduct quality in marketing materials, cnsumers lk mre favrably upn mre expensive prducts. Hwever, when cmpanies fcus n value, cnsumers rate cheap prducts mre favrably.
Businesses can als identify their custmer base and narrw their marketing effrts t becme perceived as a specialist. This leaves custmers less likely t questin pricing strategies because they trust that the cmpany knws what it’s ding and has dne its research int what wrks best fr them.
9．What des research frm Vanderbilt University suggest?
A．Strategic pricing determines shppers’ perceptins.
B．Prmtins are linked with high-quality prducts.
C．Cnsumers nly see lw prices as a real bargain.
D．Cnsumers’ perceptins f lw prices vary greatly.
10．What des the underline wrd “backfire” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Prduce an ppsite result.B．Cause a serius explsin.
C．Meet peple’s expectatins.D．Have a psitive effect.
11．Hw can cmpanies influence cnsumers’ feelings abut their lw prices?
A．By emphasizing prduct quality.B．By targeting a wider audience.
C．By ffering mre prmtins.D．By lwering prices even further.
12．What is the best title f this article?
A．Lw prices are always a gd thing fr businesses
B．Lw prices can smetimes scare ff custmers
C．Cmpanies shuld fcus n value rather than quality
D．Cmpanies shuld ignre cnsumers’ perceptins f price
【答案】9．D 10．A 11．A 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了虽然消费者喜欢特价商品，但是低价会损害消费者对于产品的看法，从而影响购买情况，对此公司会采取相应的营销策略来影响消费者对产品的看法。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Research frm Vanderbilt University suggests that lw prices can backfire because cnsumers smetimes see them as signs f lw-quality prducts. Hwever, researchers als fund that cnsumers smetimes see lw prices as simply gd deals.(范德比尔特大学的研究表明，低价可能会……因为消费者有时会将其视为低质量产品的标志。然而，研究人员也发现，消费者有时会把低价看作是划算的交易)”可知，范德比尔特大学的研究显示消费者有时会把低价看作低质量，有时会把低价看作划算，这是两种差异很大的看法。由此可知，该研究表明消费者对低价的看法差别很大。故选D项。
10．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Despite all the prmtins surrunding great deals, it turns ut that cheaper isn’t always better. Research frm Vanderbilt University suggests that lw prices can backfire because cnsumers smetimes see them as signs f lw-quality prducts.(尽管有各种促销活动，但事实证明，便宜并不总是更好。范德比尔特大学的研究表明，低价可能会……因为消费者有时会将其视为低质量产品的标志)”可知，低价促销不一定得到好的结果，因为消费者有时会把低价看作低质量。由此推知，backfire意思是“产生相反的结果，适得其反”。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Cmpanies can influence hw custmers feel abut their lw prices by cnducting market research and imprving marketing strategies fcused n highlighting prduct quality rather than just value alne which tends twards making peple rate cheaper prducts mre favrably.(公司可以通过进行市场调查和改进营销策略来影响消费者对其低价产品的感受，这些营销策略侧重于强调产品质量，而不仅仅是价值，这往往会让人们更青睐便宜的产品)”可知，公司会通过强调产品质量来影响消费者对于低价的感受。故选A项。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了虽然消费者喜欢特价商品，但是低价会损害消费者对于产品的看法，从而影响购买情况，对此公司会采取相应的营销策略来影响消费者对产品的看法。因此，B项“低价有时会吓跑顾客”符合文章大意，适合作为标题。故选B项。
4.（2023·江苏镇江·统考模拟预测）Cking r baking has becme a cmmn cure fr stress r feeling dwn, but there might actually be sme science behind it. A study cnducted by researchers fllwed 658 peple fr tw weeks and fund that a little creativity each day can g a lng way twards happiness and satisfactin in daily life.
“There is grwing recgnitin in psychlgy research that creativity is assciated with emtinal functining,” Tamlin Cnner, lead authr n the study, explained. “Hwever, mst f this wrk fcuses n hw emtins benefit r prevent creativity, nt whether creativity benefits r hampers (妨碍) emtinal well-being.” By fllwing detailed diaries kept by the study subjects, Cnner fund that in additin t feeling happier, peple wh wrked n little creative prjects every day als felt they were “flurishing”—a psychlgical term that describes the feeling f persnal grwth.
This isn’t the first time researchers have drawn a line cnnecting making fd with psitive feelings. In recent years, psychlgists have started spending mre time explring cking and baking as a therapeutic (治疗的) tl t help peple dealing with things like depressin and anxiety.
“When I’m in the kitchen, measuring the amunt f sugar r butter I need fr a recipe—I am in cntrl,” baker Jhn Whaite, wh wn “The Great British Bake Off” in 2012, tld BBC．
Fr peple like Whaite, wh is suffering frm manic depressin, baking can help their md by prviding small tasks t fcus n in a manner similar t meditatin (冥想). In rder t put tgether a gd meal, cks have t be cnstantly in the mment, adding ingredients, adjusting the heat f the stve and tasting their fd—all f which can be helpful techniques in treating sme frms f mental illness.
“A lt f us turn t baking when we’re feeling lw.” Melanie Denyer, the funder f the Depressed Cake Shp, a bakery designed t draw awareness t mental health cnditins, says. “Sme f us even started baking because they were ill and needed smething simple as a fcus. And there is genuinely smething very therapeutic abut baking.”
Baking may nt be a be-all and end-all cure fr mental illness, but anyne in need f lifted spirits shuld cnsider pulling ut the flur and warming up the ven.
13．What is the fcus f mst psychlgy research n creativity and emtins?
A．The benefits f creative prjects n emtins.
B．The impacts f emtin n creativity.
C．The harm f creativity t emtinal well-being.
D．The effects f creativity n emtinal well-being.
14．Why d sme psychlgists explre cking as a therapeutic tl?
A．T prvide an alternative frm f meditatin.
B．T prmte healthy and balanced eating habits.
C．T assist individuals in handling mental prblems.
D．T help peple with serius physical illnesses.
15．Hw did Jhn Whaite benefit frm baking?
A．It wn him “The Great British Bake Off”.
B．It helped him gain a sense f cntrl.
C．It cured his depressin thrugh meditatin.
D．It enabled him t becme mre creative.
16．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Cking and baking are creative activities.
B．Baking is a cmplete cure fr mental illness.
C．Small creative tasks lead t imprved emtinal well-being.
D．Fllwing recipes leads t persnal grwth in creativity.
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．B 16．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了一些创造性任务比如烹饪和烘焙有益于心理问题的治疗。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hwever, mst f this wrk fcuses n hw emtins benefit r prevent creativity, nt whether creativity benefits r hampers emtinal well-being.(然而，大部分的研究都集中在情绪如何促进或阻碍创造力，而不是创造力是否有利于或阻碍情绪健康。)”可知，大多数关于创造力和情感的心理学研究的重点是情绪对创造力的影响。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In recent years, psychlgists have started spending mre time explring cking and baking as a therapeutic tl t help peple dealing with things like depressin and anxiety.(近年来，心理学家开始花更多的时间探索烹饪和烘焙作为一种治疗工具来帮助人们处理抑郁和焦虑等问题。)”可知，一些心理学家探索烹饪作为一种治疗工具是为了帮助个人处理心理问题。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段中“When I’m in the kitchen, measuring the amunt f sugar r butter I need fr a recipe—I am in cntrl. (当我在厨房里时，测量一份食谱所需的糖或黄油的量时，我可以控制。)”可知，烘焙帮助他获得了一种控制感。故选B项。
16．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Cnner fund that in additin t feeling happier, peple wh wrked n little creative prjects every day als felt they were ‘flurishing’—a psychlgical term that describes the feeling f persnal grwth.(Cnner发现，每天从事一些创造性小项目的人除了感到更快乐之外，还觉得自己‘蓬勃发展’——这是一个描述个人成长感觉的心理学术语)”和第五段中“Fr peple like Whaite, wh is suffering frm manic depressin, baking can help their md by prviding small tasks t fcus n in a manner similar t meditatin .(对于像怀特这样患有躁狂抑郁症的人来说，烘焙可以像冥想一样让他们专注于一些小事情，从而改善他们的情绪。)”可知，本文主要讲述了小的创造性任务可以改善情绪健康。故选C项。
5.（2023·江苏苏州·统考模拟预测）Micrsft says it has used the natural language Al ChatGPT t cntrl rbts with simple text cmmands. The apprach means peple with n engineering experience will be able t instruct rbts t carry ut tasks.
Micrsft said the research was intended “t see if ChatGPT can think beynd text, and reasn abut the physical wrld t help with rbtics tasks”. Rbts are typically cntrlled by sftware that has been written by humans and sets ut precise instructins, r else by sme frm f netwrk Al that can learn t carry ut tasks based n large numbers f examples.
Neither Micrsft nr Open Al respnded t a request fr cmment n this, but Micrsft said ChatGPT allws a user t mnitr the prcess. ChatGPT isn’t in direct, real-time cntrl f the rbt, but simply creates the cde that cntrls it. Micrsft said ChatGPT utput shuldn’t be used directly t cntrl a rbt withut “careful analysis”, but experts warn that it is risky t even begin thinking abut placing Al in cntrl f physical machines.
Mark Ceckelbergh at the University f Vienna, Austria, says that regulatins may be needed in rder t set ut where Al can be used and wh is respnsible shuld things g wrng. “It’s a very dangerus thing t just say ‘let’s give cntrl f these cmputers t AI’,” says Ceckelbergh. “The prblem with cntemprary artificial intelligence is that it’s nt transparent(透明的) t the user. That’s a huge prblem.”
Others were dubtful abut the ability f language mdels t prgram rbts fr cmplex tasks. Kathleen Richardsn at De Mntfrt University Leicester, UK, says that Al language mdels are cnvincing mimics (模仿者), but that their real ability — including their adaptability t cntrl rbts — is ften verblwn. “I think Micrsft, and mst peple wh design rbts,verstate what they can and can’t d,” she says.
17．What’s the purpse f the research cnducted by Micrsft?
A．T prve ChatGPT’s capacity t carry ut tasks.
B．T test ChatGPT’s ability t cntrl rbts.
C．T teach ChatGPT t give accurate instructins.
D．T identify the hidden prblems f ChatGPT.
18．What attitude des Micrsft shw twards the direct use f ChatGPT nt a rbt?
A．Curius.B．Optimistic.C．Supprtive.D．Oppsed.
19．What des Mark Ceckelbergh want t cnvey?
A．It’s safe t use Al t cntrl physical machines.
B．AI’s adaptability t cntrl rbts is reliable.
C．Regulatins f Al use shuld be in place.
D．The prblem with Al is still under debate.
20．What is the best title fr the text?
A．ChatGPT tells rbts what t d
B．Pwer f ChatGPT is changing us
C．Prblems f ChatGPT need slving
D．Al takes cntrl f rbts wisely
【答案】17．B 18．D 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要报道了微软已经使用AI ChatGPT来通过简单的文本命令控制机器人，而这意味着没有工程经验的人将能够指导机器人执行任务。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Micrsft said the research was intended “t see if ChatGPT can think beynd text, and reasn abut the physical wrld t help with rbtics tasks”.(微软表示，这项研究的目的是“看看ChatGPT是否能超越文本思维，对现实世界进行推理，以帮助机器人完成任务”。)”可知，微软进行该研究是为了测试ChatGPT控制机器人的能力。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Neither Micrsft nr Open Al respnded t a request fr cmment n this, but Micrsft said ChatGPT allws a user t mnitr the prcess. ChatGPT isn’t in direct, real-time cntrl f the rbt, but simply creates the cde that cntrls it. Micrsft said ChatGPT utput shuldn’t be used directly t cntrl a rbt withut “careful analysis”, but experts warn that it is risky t even begin thinking abut placing Al in cntrl f physical machines.(微软和Open Al都没有回应对此发表评论的请求，但微软表示，ChatGPT允许用户监控整个过程。ChatGPT并不直接实时控制机器人，而只是创建控制机器人的代码。微软表示，在没有“仔细分析”的情况下，不应该直接使用ChatGPT的输出来控制机器人，但专家警告说，甚至开始考虑让人工智能控制物理机器都是有风险的。)”可知，微软对于直接使用ChatGPT来控制机器人是不赞成的。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Mark Ceckelbergh at the University f Vienna, Austria, says that regulatins may be needed in rder t set ut where Al can be used and wh is respnsible shuld things g wrng. “It’s a very dangerus thing t just say ‘let’s give cntrl f these cmputers t AI’,” says Ceckelbergh.(奥地利维也纳大学的Mark Ceckelbergh说，可能需要制定法规，以便确定人工智能可以在哪里使用，以及如果出现问题谁来负责。Ceckelbergh说：“仅仅说‘让我们把这些电脑的控制权交给人工智能吧’是一件非常危险的事情。”)”可知，Ceckelbergh认为应该制定相关的法规来管理人工智能的使用。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Micrsft says it has used the natural language Al ChatGPT t cntrl rbts with simple text cmmands. The apprach means peple with n engineering experience will be able t instruct rbts t carry ut tasks.(微软表示，他们已经使用自然语言AI ChatGPT来通过简单的文本命令控制机器人。这种方法意味着没有工程经验的人将能够指导机器人执行任务。)”可知，文章主要介绍了微软使用AI ChatGPT简单的文本来控制机器人。所以“ChatGPT tells rbts what t d(ChatGPT告诉机器人该做什么)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
6.（2023·江苏苏州·统考模拟预测）There’s n tune, n lyrics and yu can’t dance t it. Dn’t let that put yu ff: white nise is the music industry’s next big thing. Streaming services have seen an explsin f tracks in the last year cnsisting entirely f recrdings f rainfall, cean waves and winds.
Sme f the recrdings have earned their creatrs millins f punds. Recrd cmpanies and tech firms have taken ntice. Apple is including backgrund nise in its next perating system, and TikTk has been prmting pink nise and brwn nise — sunds with lwer frequencies as an aid t cncentratin fr students at the start f the schl year.
Nise fans say that studying, sleeping and meditatin (冥想) are all enhanced by listening t these sunds at prper levels. The ecnmics f music-streaming mean nise-makers can cash in. Smene falling asleep t White Nise Baby Sleep’s 90-secnd track Clean White Nise n repeat fr seven hurs will win up 280 plays. By last Friday it had been played 837 millin times, wrth an estimated $2.5m in ryalties (版税). The lead track n Sptify’s wn Rain Sunds playlist, tw minutes f rainfall, has mre than 100m plays.
In cntrast, Laura Mvula nly has 541,000 Sptify streams fr the title track f this year’s award-winning album, Pink Nise — nt a slice f sleepiness but tuneful, lyrical dance-pp that tk her three years t make. Sptify, Apple Music, and ther streaming services pay ryalties in rughly the same way. They set aside a ttal pt fr ryalties, which is then divided up between distributrs, recrd labels, recrding artists and sngwriters. That means that Mvula will get a smaller slice f the Sptify pie than White Nise Baby Sleep, althugh mst f it ges t the majr recrd cmpanies.
It’s hard t wrk ut wh is making such nise. Sptify lists White Nise Baby Sleep’s sngwriting credits as belnging t an Erik Erikssn. It’s nt bvius wh Erikssn is r whether he is part f a larger rganizatin, but the Medium website One Zer last year established that many f the artists’ names are pseudnyms (假名) used by cmpanies.
21．Which f the fllwing best describes white nise?
A．Tuneful.B．Cnfusing.C．Pricey.D．Prfitable.
22．Hw des the authr describe the ppularity f white nise in Paragraph 3?
A．By presenting sme statistics.
B．By making classificatins.
C．By making a cmparisn.
D．By giving a definitin.
23．What des the authr want t shw by mentining Laura Mvula’s Pink Nise?
A．White nise is mre ppular.
B．Pink nise has gne ut f date.
C．Hw Mvula gets paid.
D．Wh makes huge prfits.
24．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Tips fr attracting mre white nise fans.
B．Challenges sme cmpanies are faced with.
C．Difficulty in identifying the hlders.
D．Ways t imprve the qualities f credits.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．A 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很受欢迎的白噪音音乐，这种音乐的播放量非常高，为创作者和音乐公司带来了客观的收益。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sme f the recrdings have earned their creatrs millins f punds.（其中一些录音已经为其创作者赚了数百万英镑。）”可知，白噪音作品可以带来客观的受益，因此可以用D项“盈利的”来描述白噪音，A项Tuneful“旋律优美的”、B项Cnfusing“令人困惑的”、C项Pricey“价格高昂的”不符合白噪音的特性。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Smene falling asleep t White Nise Baby Sleep’s 90-secnd track Clean White Nise n repeat fr seven hurs will win up 280 plays. By last Friday it had been played 837 millin times, wrth an estimated $2.5m in ryalties (版税). The lead track n Sptify’s wn Rain Sunds playlist, tw minutes f rainfall, has mre than 100m plays.（听着White Nise Baby Sleep的90秒曲子Clean White Nise入睡，重复播放7小时的人，将赢得280次播放。截至上周五，该曲已被播放8.37亿次，版税估计为250万美元。在Sptify自己的Rain Sunds播放列表中，两分钟降雨的曲子播放量超过1亿次。）”可推知，在第三段中作者通过呈现数字来表现白噪音的受欢迎。故选A项。
23．推理判断题。根据第四段中“In cntrast, Laura Mvula nly has 541,000 Sptify streams fr the title track f this year’s award-winning album, Pink Nise — nt a slice f sleepiness but tuneful, lyrical dance-pp that tk her three years t make.（相比之下，Laura Mvula今年获奖专辑Pink Nise的主打歌在Sptify上的播放量只有54.1万次，这是她花了三年时间制作的一首旋律优美、抒情的流行舞曲，没有一丝沉闷。）”可知，Laura Mvula的专辑Pink Nise的播放量很少。由此推知，作者是为了通过比较突显白噪音比这种精心制作的旋律优美、抒情的曲子更受欢迎。故选A项。
24．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“It’s hard t wrk ut wh is making such nise. Sptify lists White Nise Baby Sleep’s sngwriting credits as belnging t an Erik Erikssn. It’s nt bvius wh Erikssn is r whether he is part f a larger rganizatin, but the Medium website One Zer last year established that many f the artists’ names are pseudnyms (假名) used by cmpanies.（很难弄清楚是谁在制造这样的噪音。Sptify列出了White Nise Baby Sleep的词曲创作属于Erik Erikssn。Erikssn是谁，或者他是否属于一个更大的组织，目前还不清楚，但媒体网站One Zer去年发现，许多艺术家的名字都是公司使用的假名。）”可知，本段主要讨论了白噪音的创作者并不明确，其版权拥有者因此很难确认。C项“难以确定人”符合段落大意。故选C项。
7.（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）If yu’ve gt mre than ne kid, yu’re shwing favritism, whether yu knw it r nt.
“Parents may favr ne child ver anther, fr a lt f reasns. The child may have an easy temperament (性情) r might behave particularly well r may lk like yu,” says Susan Newman, a psychlgist. “But regardless f the reasn, every child must be made t feel lved and special, in rder t fully develp.” Newman warns that favring ne child ver their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.
“The unfavred child can feel defeated, and unmtivated, as a result f wrking hard t get parental supprt, with n success,” says Yelena Gidenk, a licensed cunselr. “He rshe may als suffer frm depressin and becme angry, bitter, r jealus,” she adds Children feeling this way may act ut, in an effrt t get their parent’s attentin, making matters wrse. They may als behave inapprpriately, becming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavred children may have a hard time accepting wh they are, since they d nt feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenk.
Favritism is nt exactly a bn fr the favred child, either. Kids wh feel that they are their parent’s favrite smetimes translate that int a g pass fr their behavir in future relatinships. “Favred children may feel a sense f entitlement, and that rules d nt apply t them,” says Gidenk. This can negatively affect the way they act in schl, at wrk, and in their friendships.
It may seem absurd, but the ppsite can als ccur. Favred children may experience anxiety and insecurity, resulting frm their favrite child status. “Children are bservant. They knw when they are getting praise fr things they have nt earned, such as being yur favrite. Fr this reasn, they knw, and fear, that these things might be taken away frmthem at any time, fr any reasn,” says Gidenk
Newman urges parents t remember that it’s nt pssible t treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and shuld d is talk t their kids abut hw, and why, they treat them the way they d. “Accrding t research, parents dn’t talkabut this. They dn’t say why ne child gets mre time than anther. If they d, they are preserving their bnd with each child,” says Newman
25．What can we learn abut unfavred children?
A．They want t please their parents
B．They care little abut their siblings.
C．They tend t lack a sense f identity
D．They hpe t be the black sheep f the family.
26．What des the underlined wrd “bn” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Blessing.B．Challenge.C．Hnr.D．Burden.
27．What des Newman suggest parents d in the last paragraph?
A．Treat their children equally
B．Explain themselves t their children
C．Strengthen their bnd with their children
D．Remve the differences between their children
28．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The slutins t parental favritism
B．The cnsequences f parental favritism
C．An analysis f why parents play favrites
D．A cntrast between favred and unfavred children
【答案】25．C 26．A 27．B 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，指出在有多个孩子的家庭中，父母很可能会出现对某个孩子的偏爱，无论他们自己是否意识到。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段““The unfavred child can feel defeated, and unmtivated, as a result f wrking hard t get parental supprt, with n success,” says Yelena Gidenk, a licensed cunselr. “He rshe may als suffer frm depressin and becme angry, bitter, r jealus,” she adds Children feeling this way may act ut, in an effrt t get their parent’s attentin, making matters wrse. They may als behave inapprpriately, becming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavred children may have a hard time accepting wh they are, since they d nt feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenk.(持证心理咨询师叶莲娜·吉登科(Yelena Gidenk)说：“不受宠爱的孩子会感到挫败，没有动力，因为他们努力获得父母的支持，却没有成功。”她补充说：“他或她也可能患有抑郁症，变得愤怒、痛苦或嫉妒。”有这种感觉的孩子可能会采取行动，试图引起父母的注意，使事情变得更糟。他们也可能表现得不得体，成为害群之马，他们认为父母已经看到了这一点。“不受宠爱的孩子可能很难接受自己，因为他们觉得自己不被父母接受，”金登科补充道。)”可推知，不受宠爱的孩子他们往往缺乏认同感，所以试图引起父母的注意。故选C项。
26．词句猜测题。根据后文“Kids wh feel that they are their parent’s favrite smetimes translate that int a g pass fr their behavir in future relatinships. “Favred children may feel a sense f entitlement, and that rules d nt apply t them,” says Gidenk. This can negatively affect the way they act in schl, at wrk, and in their friendships.(那些觉得自己是父母最爱的孩子有时会把这种感觉转化为他们在未来关系中的行为。“受宠的孩子可能会有一种权利感，觉得规则不适用于他们，”金登科说。这会对他们在学校、工作和友谊中的表现产生负面影响)”可知，本段主要讲述了偏袒对被偏爱的孩子来说，也不完全是好处，所以推知bn意为“益处”和A项意思相近。故选A项。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Newman urges parents t remember that it’s nt pssible t treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and shuld d is talk t their kids abut hw, and why, they treat them the way they d. “Accrding t research, parents dn’t talkabut this. They dn’t say why ne child gets mre time than anther. If they d, they are preserving their bnd with each child,” says Newman(纽曼敦促父母记住，不可能平等对待孩子，因为他们都是不同的。父母能做的，也应该做的，是告诉他们的孩子，他们是如何对待他们的，以及为什么要这样对待他们。“根据研究，父母不会谈论这个问题。他们没有说为什么一个孩子比另一个孩子得到更多的时间。如果他们这样做，他们就保留了与每个孩子的联系，”纽曼说)”可知，纽曼在本段建议父母加强他们与孩子的联系。故选B项。
28．主旨大意题。根据第二段““Parents may favr ne child ver anther, fr a lt f reasns. The child may have an easy temperament (性情) r might behave particularly well r may lk like yu,” says Susan Newman, a psychlgist. “But regardless f the reasn, every child must be made t feel lved and special, in rder t fully develp.” Newman warns that favring ne child ver their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.(“出于很多原因，父母可能会偏爱一个孩子。这个孩子可能性情随和，或者表现得特别好，或者长得像你，”心理学家苏珊·纽曼(Susan Newman)说。“但不管是什么原因，为了全面发展，每个孩子都必须感受到爱和特别。”纽曼警告说，公开地偏爱一个孩子而不是他们的兄弟姐妹会产生明显的负面影响)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了父母偏爱的后果。故选B项。
8.（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）The sharp fin (鳍). The rws upn rws f sharp teeth. The large black eyes. The sharks yu see n televisin in Jaws r Discvery’s ”Shark Week“ are nt the friendliest lking creatures. They aren’t exactly an animal yu want t find near yu while swimming in the cean. Despite their prtrayals (刻画) in mvies and ppular culture, sharks are cmplicated, misunderstd creatures that are weaker than they appear.
One very cmmn misunderstanding abut sharks is their desire t hunt humans. Actually when sharks attack humans, it is because they mistake a human fr their nrmal prey (猎物),seals r dlphins. They dn’t seek ut humans n purpse. Statistically, yu are mre likely t be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark.
Sharks are very imprtant t the cean as they are at the tp f the fd chain. Sme sharks even cntrl the balance f an ecsystem thrugh fear alne. Tiger sharks in Australia help prtect seagrass meadws frm turtles. Turtles eat the seagrass and withut the sharks, will destry these meadws. When tiger sharks are present thugh, the turtles are scared away, hlding back their appetite fr seagrass and prtecting its grwth.
Thugh sharks have a reputatin fr being very scary t humans, the sad truth is that they shuld be scared f humans. The number f sharks in the cean is steadily drpping. There are a few reasns fr this. Fr ne, they mature quite slwly, ver several years, and prduce relatively few yung. Fr anther, verfishing f sharks is happening because mre and mre peple want their fins. Abut 100 millin sharks are killed every year accrding t Natinal Gegraphic. Shark fin is a way fr peple t shw ff their wealth. Shark fins are als believed t have medicinal benefits, thugh there is n evidence r prf that they actually d.
29．What d mst peple think abut sharks?
A．They are ugly.
B．They are imprtant
C．They are vilent.
D．They are cmplicated.
30．The authr cmpares shark bites t lightning strikes t shw they are_________.
A．DeadlyB．rareC．unavidableD．unpredictable
31．Why shuld sharks be scared f humans accrding t the authr?
A．Humans keep sharks t shw ff.
B．Humans kill sharks in large quantities.
C．Humans catch sharks fr medical research.
D．Humans are greater in number than sharks
32．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．SOS: Save Our Sharks!
B．Sharks: King f the Ocean
C．Shark Fins: An Eclgical Crisis
D．Sharks: Killers r Misunderstd?
【答案】29．C 30．B 31．B 32．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们对鲨鱼的误解，鲨鱼在海洋生态系统中的重要性，以及鲨鱼面临的威胁和生存状态。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One very cmmn misunderstanding abut sharks is their desire t hunt humans. Actually when sharks attack humans, it is because they mistake a human fr their nrmal prey(猎物),seals r dlphins. They dn’t seek ut humans n purpse.(关于鲨鱼的一个很常见的误解是它们想猎杀人类。事实上，当鲨鱼攻击人类时，那是因为它们把人类误认为是它们的正常猎物，海豹或海豚。它们不会故意寻找人类。)”可知，大多数人对鲨鱼的误解是鲨鱼想要猎杀人类，也就是鲨鱼是暴力的。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They dn’t seek ut humans n purpse. Statistically, yu are mre likely t be struck by lightning than be bitten by a shark.(它们不会故意寻找人类。据统计，你被闪电击中的可能性比被鲨鱼咬伤的可能性更大。)”可知，作者将被鲨鱼咬伤的可能性和被闪电击中的可能性相比较是为了说明被鲨鱼咬伤的可能性极小。故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Thugh sharks have a reputatin fr being very scary t humans, the sad truth is that they shuld be scared f humans. The number f sharks in the cean is steadily drpping. There are a few reasns fr this. Fr ne, they mature quite slwly, ver several years, and prduce relatively few yung. Fr anther, verfishing f sharks is happening because mre and mre peple want their fins.(虽然鲨鱼对人类来说是非常可怕的，但可悲的事实是它们应该害怕人类。海洋中鲨鱼的数量正在稳步下降。这有几个原因。首先，它们成熟得很慢，需要几年的时间，而且产生的幼崽相对较少。另一方面，鲨鱼的过度捕捞正在发生，因为越来越多的人想要它们的鳍。)”可知，鲨鱼应该惧怕人类是因为人类过度捕捞鲨鱼。故选B。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The sharp fin(鳍). The rws upn rws f sharp teeth. The large black eyes. The sharks yu see n televisin in Jaws r Discvery’s ”Shark Week“ are nt the friendliest lking creatures. They aren’t exactly an animal yu want t find near yu while swimming in the cean. Despite their prtrayals(刻画) in mvies and ppular culture, sharks are cmplicated, misunderstd creatures that are weaker than they appear.(尖锐的鳍。一排排锋利的牙齿。又大又黑的眼睛。你在电视节目《大白鲨》或探索频道的“鲨鱼周”中看到的鲨鱼并不是看起来最友好的生物。当你在海里游泳时，你不会想在你附近找到它们。尽管鲨鱼在电影和流行文化中被描绘成这样，但它们是一种复杂的、被误解的生物，比它们看起来的要弱。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要是讲解了人们对鲨鱼的误解以及鲨鱼的真实情况等。所以短文的最佳的标题为“鲨鱼:杀手还是被误解了？”故选D。
9.（2023·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考模拟预测）Swt satellite is scheduled t be launched Thursday mrning t cnduct a cmprehensive survey f Earth’s vital resurce. By using advanced micrwave radar technlgy it will cllect height-surface measurements f ceans, lakes and rivers in high-definitin de tail ver 90% f the glbe. It’s really the first time t bserve nearly all water n the planet’s surface.
The majr missin is t explre hw ceans help t minimize climate change by absrbing atmspheric heat and carbn dixide in a natural prcess. Oceans are estimated t have absrbed mre than 90% f the extra heat trapped in the Earth’s atmsphere by human-caused greenhuse gases. Swt will scan the seas frm the rbit and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevatins (高度) arund smaller currents and eddies (漩涡), where much f the ceans’ decrease f heat and carbn is believed t ccur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key questin: What is the turning pint at which ceans start releasing, rather than absrbing, huge amunts f heat back int the atmsphere and speed up glbal warming, rather than limiting it,” said Nadya Shiffer, Swt’s prgram scientist.
By cmparisn, earlier studies f water bdies relied n data f rivers r ceans taken at specific pints, r frm satellites that can nly track measurements alng a ne-dimensinal line, requiring scientists t fill in data gaps thrugh extraplatin (外推法). Thanks t the radar instrument, Swt can scan thrugh clud cver and darkness ver wide ranges f the Earth. This enables scientists t accurately map their bservatins in tw dimensins regardless f weather r time f day and t cver large gegraphic areas far mre quickly than was previusly pssible.
“Rather than giving us a line f elevatins, it’s giving us a map f elevatins, and that’s just a ttal gamechanger,” said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swt freshwater science leader.
33．What makes it pssible fr Swt t measure precisely?
A．Advanced radar technlgy.B．The high-definitin cmputer.
C．The three-dimensinal image.D．An accurate map f elevatins.
34．What is the majr missin f Swt?
A．T explre the influences f greenhuse gases.
B．T tackle the cnsequence f glbal warming.
C．T study the mechanism f ceans influencing climate.
D．T identify the causes f water absrbing heat and CO2.
35．What is Tamlin’s attitude twards Swt’s perfrmance?
A．Objective.B．Vague.C．Uninterested.D．Apprving.
36．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．A Slutin t Climate ChangeB．First Glbal Water Survey frm Space
C．A Breakthrugh in Space TravelD．The Successful Launch f Swt Satellite
【答案】33．A 34．C 35．D 36．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章报道了名为Swt的卫星将于周四上午被送入太空，它通过先进的微波雷达技术将全面绘制地球上的水域地图，帮助科学家了解海洋如何帮助阻止气候变化。
33．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thanks t the radar instrument, Swt can scan thrugh clud cver and darkness ver wide ranges f the Earth. This enables scientists t accurately map their bservatins in tw dimensins regardless f weather r time f day and t cver large gegraphic areas far mre quickly than was previusly pssible.(多亏了雷达仪器，Swt可以在地球的大范围内扫描云层和黑暗。这使得科学家能够精确地绘制二维地图，无论天气如何，无论何时，覆盖大面积地理区域的速度比以前快得多)”可知，先进的雷达技术使得Swt能够精确测量。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The majr missin is t explre hw ceans help t minimize climate change by absrbing atmspheric heat and carbn dixide in a natural prcess.(其主要任务是探索海洋如何通过自然过程吸收大气热量和二氧化碳来调节气候变化)”可知，Swt卫星的主要任务是研究海洋如何影响气候变化。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Rather than giving us a line f elevatins, it’s giving us a map f elevatins, and that’s just a ttal gamechanger,’ said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swt freshwater science leader.(Swt淡水科学负责人Tamlin Pavelsky说：‘它不是给我们一条海拔线，而是给我们一张海拔地图，这完全改变了游戏规则。’)”可推知，Tamlin对于Swt的表现很赞成，故选D。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Swt satellite is scheduled t be launched Thursday mrning t cnduct a cmprehensive survey f Earth’s vital resurce. By using advanced micrwave radar technlgy it will cllect height-surface measurements f ceans, lakes and rivers in high-definitin de tail ver 90% f the glbe. It’s really the first time t bserve nearly all water n the planet’s surface.(Swt卫星计划于周四上午发射，对地球的重要资源进行全面调查。通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。这真的是第一次观察到地球表面几乎所有的水)”可知，文章报道了计划于周四上午发射的Swt卫星，通过使用先进的微波雷达技术，它将收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面测量数据。这是第一次从太空观察到地球表面几乎所有的水。由此可知，B项“第一次从太空进行的全球水资源调查”是文章最佳标题。故选B。
10.（2022·山东青岛·统考一模）Yu might think f it as a scene frm martial arts mvies when yu see peple perfrming graceful mves dwn the river, all standing n a bamb strip, but actually it is a frm f intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产): bamb drifting.
Over 2,000 years ag, the high-quality wd, nanmu, in Guizhu was in great demand by the ryal curt mre than 2,000 kilmeters t the nrth. With n better transprtatin, peple had t stand n ne lg t drift dwn the river. Later, lcal peple began t cmpete alng the way and the game f wd drifting was brn. In the Qing Dynasty, wd drifting became bamb drifting because f bamb’s lwer price. Due t the great strength and balance it takes fr ne t master this act, bamb drifting was included in the natinal intangible cultural heritage list in 2021.
Yang Liu, a 25-year-ld inheritr f bamb drifting, learned it at seven. “Usually, the bamb under yur feet is abut 9 meters lng, and the bamb in yur hands is abut 5 meters. If the length r diameter f the bamb is nt lng enugh, it will nt be buyant (有浮力的) enugh t flat. Keeping ur feet firmly psitined n the narrw bamb ple is the key, s we shuld fight against the current by cnstantly changing the angle. I lst my balance and fell in the water many times while practicing. Once I fell, I gave it anther try until I knew hw t handle the mst difficult part,” she said.
The lve fr the ancient skill keeps Yang ging. In the past 18 years, she has drifted all year rund, in cld winter and ht summer. As hanfu culture has been n the rise, Yang started wearing hanfu while perfrming, creating a mre beautiful scene. In 2020, Yang began t pst her vides n scial media. “I’m extremely prud t get respnses frm viewers that bamb drifting makes the line between what is pssible and impssible unclear. It’s my missin t keep it alive and knwn t mre peple,” Yang Liu says.
37．What can be learned frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Bamb drifting invlves lts f skills.
B．Nanmu was delivered t the nrth by land.
C．Bamb was cstly in Guizhu 2,000 years ag.
D．The martial arts mvie is a frm f cultural heritage.
38．What is the biggest challenge in bamb drifting?
A．Keeping balance.B．Maintaining a fixed angle.
C．Finding the prper bamb.D．Hlding the bamb firmly in hands.
39．What d the viewers think f bamb drifting?
A．Impssible.B．Cnfusing.C．Unbelievable.D．Cmplicated.
40．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Balancing with GraceB．Yang Liu: a Creative Perfrmer
C．Transprting Bamb dwn the RiverD．Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guizhu
【答案】37．A 38．A 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了国家级非物质文化遗产项目独竹漂。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yu might think f it as a scene frm martial arts mvies when yu see peple perfrming graceful mves dwn the river, all standing n a bamb strip, but actually it is a frm f intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产): bamb drifting. (当你看到人们站在竹竿上顺流而下时，你可能会认为这是武侠片里的场景，但实际上这是一种非物质文化遗产：独竹漂。)”以及第二段末句“Due t the great strength and balance it takes fr ne t master this act, bamb drifting was included in the natinal intangible cultural heritage list in 2021. (由于掌握这一动作需要巨大的力量和平衡，独竹漂于2021年被列入国家非物质文化遗产名录。)”可知，独竹漂需要很多技能。故选A。
38．推理判断题。根据第三段最后三句““Keeping ur feet firmly psitined n the narrw bamb ple is the key, s we shuld fight against the current by cnstantly changing the angle. I lst my balance and fell in the water many times while practicing. Once I fell, I gave it anther try until I knew hw t handle the mst difficult part,” she said. (“让我们的脚牢牢地站在狭窄的竹竿上是关键，所以我们应该通过不断改变角度来对抗水流。在练习的过程中，我多次失去平衡掉进水里。一旦我摔倒了，我就再试一次，直到我知道如何处理最困难的部分。”她说。)”可知，在狭窄的竹竿上站稳是关键，杨柳在练习独竹漂时会因失去平衡而摔倒。由此可推知，独竹漂最大的挑战是保持平衡。故选A。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句““I’m extremely prud t get respnses frm viewers that bamb drifting makes the line between what is pssible and impssible unclear. It’s my missin t keep it alive and knwn t mre peple,” Yang Liu says. (“我非常自豪地收到观众的回应，他们认为竹子的漂流让可能与不可能之间的界限变得模糊。我的使命是让它活下去，让更多人知道它。”杨柳说。)”可知，从观众那里得到的反响是独竹漂让“可能”和“不可能”之间的界限变得模糊，由此可推知，观众认为独竹漂是不可思议的。故选C。
40．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Yu might think f it as a scene frm martial arts mvies when yu see peple perfrming graceful mves dwn the river, all standing n a bamb strip, but actually it is a frm f intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产): bamb drifting. (当你看到人们站在竹竿上顺流而下时，你可能会认为这是武侠片里的场景，但实际上这是一种非物质文化遗产：独竹漂。)”以及第三段倒数第二三句“Keeping ur feet firmly psitined n the narrw bamb ple is the key, s we shuld fight against the current by cnstantly changing the angle. I lst my balance and fell in the water many times while practicing. (让我们的脚牢牢地站在狭窄的竹竿上是关键，所以我们应该通过不断改变角度来对抗水流。在练习的过程中，我多次失去平衡掉进水里。)”可知，文章主要介绍了国家级非物质文化遗产项目独竹漂。而优雅地在竹子上保持平衡体现了独竹漂的特点，最适合作文章标题。故选A。
试卷类型
年份
篇序
体裁
话题
题量
新高考I卷
2023
D
议论文
集体商议的智慧
1
新高考II卷
2023
B
记叙文
学校菜园项目
1
新高考I卷
2022
D
说明文
语音演变
1
新高考II卷
2022
C
说明文
科学技术
1
新高考I卷
2021
D
议论文
情商的科学
1
新高考II卷
2021
C
说明文
推动艺术教育的发展
1