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重难点02 阅读理解词义猜测题-2025年高考英语 （原卷版+解析版）
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词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。
平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。
预计2024年高考词义猜测题仍旧占比0-1题。
近3年新高考词义猜测 题数据分析
考点一：单词或短语意义猜测
上下文猜词义。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。可利用下列方法：
(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据构词法进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词，如果掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。
(4)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(5)根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，hwever，therwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
（6）根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, , fr example, fr instance, like , including, especially等。
考点二：猜测代替词所替代的内容
就近原则找指代。猜测代替词的指代内容，要求判断代词(it, ne, they, this, that, these, thse, which等)或助动词(d, des, did 等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。
考点三： 句意猜测题
意义吻合推句意。句意猜测要求通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下：
(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案。
(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。
典例分析
典例一
（2023年新高考I卷C篇）
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
典例二
（2023·年新高考II卷C篇）Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
3．What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Understand.B．Paint.
C．Seize.D．Transfrm.
.
（建议用时：8分钟/篇）
1.（2023·山东·德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）While many animal ppulatins seem t dwindle, ne species that is mving in the ppsite directin f such lss is America’s native wildlife — wd strk.
The wd strk is the nly strk that breeds in Nrth America. In 1984, it was declared an endangered species after its ppulatin decreased sharply t just 5,000 mating pairs. At the time, scientists predicted that the bird wuld becme cmpletely extinct by 2000. Tday, it numbers 10,000 mating pairs, and the Fish and Wildlife Service is prpsing a delisting f the wd strk as an endangered species. S hw did the ppulatin bunce back?
The success is in part dwn t the resurcefulness f the wd strk. The wd strk’s native hme was in the Everglades in Flrida, but it migrated nrth as the Everglades were being destryed by develpment f mankind. Wetland preservatin and restratin, prtectin f nesting areas, and management f water flws began with the apprval f the wd strk’s first recvery plan in 1986. In the fllwing year, frmer Savannah Castal Refuges bilgist Jhn Rbinette nticed strk nests in Gergia as strk ppulatins mved t safer wetlands.
Accrding t Stephanie Kurse, a senir plicy specialist at the Centre fr Bilgical Diversity, the Endangered Species Act is als t thank fr this recvery. She said, “The act saved the wd strk and it helped preserve and rebuild vital habitats thrughut the sutheast, which has imprved water quality and benefited cuntless ther species wh call the area hme.” “The Endangered Species Act has saved 99 per cent f the species that were n the list since 1973. A hundred types f plants and animals have been delisted as their ppulatins becme stable again.
If the wd strk is delisted, it will remain prtected by ther laws and a mnitring plan will be put in place t ensure the ppulatin remains stable.
1．What des the underlined wrd dwindle prbably mean?
A．Bst.B．Change.C．Decline.D．Explde.
2．What can we learn abut the wd strk in paragraph tw?
A．Its ppulatin shws a rising trend.B．It has becme cmpletely extinct.
C．It is widely distributed wrldwide.D．It is the mst endangered species.
3．What threatened the ppulatin f the wd stck?
A．Climate change f Earth.B．Ppularity f water sprts.
C．Impact f human activities.D．Arrival f ther wild animals.
4．What is a direct result f the Endangered Species Act?
A．Peple have safer water t drink.B．A list f species have been saved.
C．The lcal ecnmy has bmed.D．The wd stck has flwn away.
2.（2023·广东东莞·东莞实验中学校考一模）Chat Generative Pre-trained Transfrmer (ChatGPT), created by penAI, an AI and research cmpany, is a natural language prcessing tl driven by AI technlgy that allws yu t have human-like cnversatins and much mre with a chatbt. The language mdel can answer questins, and assist yu with tasks such as cmpsing emails, essays and cde.
ChatGPT is pwered by a large language mdel, r LLM, meaning it’s prgrammed t understand human language and generate respnses based n a large amunt f data. What makes ChatGPT s impressive is its ability t lg cntext frm user’s earlier messages in a thread and use it t frm respnses later in the cnversatin.
Accrding t analysis by Swiss bank UBS, ChatGPT is the fastest grwing up app f all time. In January, nly tw mnths after its launch, UBS analysis estimates that ChatGPT had 100 millin active users. Fr cmparisn, it tk nine mnths fr TikTk t reach 100 millin.
Despite lking very impressive, ChatGPT still has limitatins. Instead f asking fr clarificatin n ambiguus questins, the mdel just takes a guess at what yur questin means. “The primary prblem is that the answers that ChatGPT prduces have a high rate f being incrrect,” says Stack Overflw mderatrs in a pst. Critics argue that these tls are just very gd at putting wrds int an rder that makes sense frm a statistical pint f view, but they cannt understand the meaning r knw whether the statements it makes are crrect. Anther majr limitatin is that ChatGPT’s data is limited t 2021.
ChatGPT is an advanced chatbt that has the ptential t make peple’s lives easier and t assist with everyday tiring tasks, such as writing an email r having t navigate the web fr answers. Hwever, there are certain technical details that have t be figured ut befre it’s widely used, t prevent negative utcmes such as the spread f misinfrmatin. In general, this AI mdel relies n lts f training and fine-tuning t reach a level f ideal perfrmance.
5．What can we learn abut ChatGPT frm the first paragraph?
A．What its ptential market is.B．It is develped jintly by tw cmpanies.
C．Why it enjys great ppularity.D．It is a cnversatinal AI tl.
6．What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t?
A．Cntext.B．ChatGPT’s ability.C．A thread.D．LLM.
7．What is a limitatin f ChatGPT?
A．Lw efficiency.B．Disrdered wrds.
C．Pr accuracy.D．Frequent crashes.
8．What is the authr’s attitude t ChatGPT?
A．Unclear.B．Objective.C．Dubtful.D．Satisfied.
3.（2023·广东广州·统考二模）The best ideas are ften s smart, s simple and s clearly needed; it’s strange t discver they dn’t already exist. S it is with Farm My Schl, a prgram that’s turning underused land at secndary schls int cmmercially achievable, regenerative market gardens farmed by and fr lcal cmmunities.
C-funded by permaculturist Ben Shaw and regenerative educatr James McLennan, Farm My Schl cnnects lcal peple and rganizatins thrugh vlunteering that helps establish a schl’s market garden. Students learn abut cmmunity netwrks, healthy eating, eclgical respnsibility, waste reductin and climate relief while helping with fd prductin. Schls integrate all these int their curses while prducing vegetable bxes every week that feed lcal families, supply the schl’s fd needs and ultimately pay the farmer’s salary.
Farm My Schl has gained the extrardinary enthusiasm f the lcals, wh answered an nline shut-ut t buy tickets t the prgram’s launch event at Bell Secndary Schl last Octber. Called Build A Farm in a Day Festival, the event featured wrkshps by Ben and James t share the skills required t build what they say is the wrld’s largest n-dig garden. “It was such a pwerful event, and I think that cmes dwn t peple wanting t act nw,” says James. “We charged fr the experience and 600 guys turned up! They didn’t even need free drinks t get excited. We were gardening till midnight. It was amazing. We’ve gt true cmmunity buy-in.”
Vlunteers have since begun beneficial planting thrughut the schl. Next steps include further discussins with lcal cmmunities, emplying a farmer, and bringing in a teacher t develp curses. “We’ve seen this huge push twards seeing schls as regenerative spaces, nt just fr planting but fr kids t be mre cnnected t the utside wrld, and really seeing the schl in a whle new light,” James says. “Fr us, the big excitement is that by allwing a prfessinal farmer t take the respnsibility f grwing fd, it’s nt nly n the schl t lk after that farm anymre, which eventually makes it much mre sustainable,” adds Ben.
9．Why was Farm My Schl funded?
A．T raise the incme f the lcal peple.
B．T advcate a cmmercial farming plan.
C．T prvide free fd fr lcal cmmunities.
D．T turn underused campus land int market gardens.
10．Hw d schls invlve students int the prgram?
A．By develping prgram-based curses.
B．By rganizing vluntary wrk in cmmunities.
C．By ffering them part-time jbs in the market gardens.
D．By encuraging them t prduce daily vegetable bxes.
11．What des the underlined wrd “buy-in” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cmpetitin.
B．Investment.
C．Supprt.
D．Prtectin.
12．What is the highlight f the prgram accrding t Ben?
A．It brings in mney t supprt the schl.
B．The schl farm will be able t last lng.
C．The lcal peple will take care f the farm.
D．Students cnnect mre with the utside wrld.
4.（2023·湖南郴州·校联考模拟预测）When the Great Backyard Bird Cunt (GBBC) began last Friday, Steve and Janet Kistler f Hart Cunty, Kentucky, jined in. They’ve dne s every year since the nw-glbal traditin began 25 years ag.
Fr Mira Dalibr, wh teaches math at a schl, this was the first cunt. She led a grup f students and parents t an arbretum (植物园) fr an exercise in data-gathering. They were amng hundreds f thusands f peple arund the wrld cunting and recrding ver fur days. Last year, abut 385,000 peple frm 192 cuntries tk part in the GBBC．
This glbal data ges int the eBird database used by scientists fr research n bird ppulatins, which have declined sharply verall in past decades. It’s part f a rise in “citizen science” prjects in which vlunteers cllect data abut the natural wrld fr use by researchers.
Many bird-watchers use eBird year-rund, and it has cllected huge amunts f data — ften between 1 millin and 2 millin bird checklists a mnth frm arund the wrld in the past cuple f years, says Becca Rdmsky-Bish, the prject’s leader at the Crnell Lab f Ornithlgy, in Ithaca, New Yrk. “Observing birds is a gd way t cnnect with the natural wrld. Birds are everywhere. Yu dn’t have t leave yur huse. They will cme. And they’re charismatic because they’re fun and interesting t watch.”
This is hw it wrks: Participants watch birds, whether that means lking ut f the windw fr 15 minutes r taking a lnger trip t a nature area. Organizers recmmend the Merlin bird ID app t distinguish birds by size, shape, sng r ther characteristics. Many participants als carry field guides and binculars (双筒望远镜) alng with their phnes. They then enter the findings int the eBird app. Thse numbers help researchers track the ups and dwns f varius species, which then help determine the directin f cnservatin effrts.
Dalibr prepared her classes with infrmatin abut lcal species and practiced with the Merlin app. The kids recrded bird sightings with pencils and drawing bards, and parent vlunteers entered thse numbers n phnes.
13．Why did Dalibr lead her students t an arbretum?
A．T d exercise fr health.B．T bserve different plants.
C．T practice their math skills.D．T cllect infrmatin abut birds.
14．What des the underlined wrd “charismatic” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Attractive.B．Beautiful.C．Rare.D．Shy.
15．What can peple use the Merlin bird ID app t d?
A．T recrd their findings.B．T identify different birds.
C．T help determine the birds’ habitat.D．T track the ups and dwns f varius species.
16．What’s the best title f the text?
A．Great Backyard Bird Cunt: a strange activity
B．Watching birds cntributes t students’ educatin
C．Mira Dalibr: a pineer and respnsible teacher
D．Great Backyard Bird Cunt shws pwer f citizen science
5.（2023·广东江门·新会陈经纶中学校考三模）Salvadr Dali (1904-1989) was ne f the mst ppular f mdern artists. The Pmpidu Centre in Paris is shwing its respect and admiratin fr the artist and his pwerful persnality with an exhibitin bringing tgether ver 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and mre. Amng the wrks and masterwrks-n exhibitin the visitr will find the best pieces, mst imprtantly The Persistence f Memry. There is als L’Enigme sans Fin frm 1938, wrks n paper, bjects, and prjects fr stage and screen and selected parts frm televisin prgrammes reflecting the artist’s shwman qualities.
The visitr will enter the Wrld f Dali thrugh an egg and is met with the beginning, the wrld f birth. The exhibitin fllws a path f time and subject with the visitr exiting thrugh the brain.
The exhibitin shws hw Dali draws the viewer between tw infinities (无限).“Frm the infinity small t the infinity large, cntractin and expansin cming in and ut f fcus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the shwy Barque f ld painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,”explains the Pmpidu Centre.
The fine selectin f the majr wrks was dne in clse cperatin with the Muse Natinal Reina Sfia in Madrid, Spain, and with cntributins frm ther institutins like the Salvadr Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.
17．Which f the fllwing best describe Dali accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．Optimistic.B．PrductiveC．Generus.D．Traditinal.
18．What is Dali’s The Persistence f Memry cnsidered t be?
A．One f his masterwrks.B．A successful. screen adaptatin.
C．An artistic creatin fr the stage.D．One f the best TV prgrammes.
19．Hw are the exhibits arranged at the Wrld f Dali?
A．By ppularity.B．By imprtance.
C．By size and shape.D．By time and subject.
20．What des the wrd “cntributins” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Creatins.B．Prjects.C．Dnatins.D．Dcuments.
6.（2023·广东广州·广州市协和中学校考一模）What might be the glbal impact f extreme lsses f the Amazn rainfrest — the wrld’s largest rainfrest? A new study has fund that rapid defrestatin f the Amazn rainfrest culd influence the temperature and rainfall ver as far away as the Tibetan plateau and Antarctica.
Saini Yang at Beijing Nrmal University in China and her clleagues analysed glbal climatlgical data frm 1979 t 2019 t identify crrelatins in temperature and rainfall between the Amazn rainfrest and ther areas. Such links are called “telecnnectins(遥相关)”.
They fcused n the Amazn rainfrest in particular because f its significance as a majr carbn sink and as a climatic “tipping pint(临界点)” that culd see frests turn t trpical grasslands beynd a certain limit f warming and human-driven defrestatin.
The researchers fund that since 1979, warm temperatures in the Amazn was assciated with warm temperatures ver the Tibetan plateau and the West Antarctic ice sheet; mre rainfall in the Amazn was relevant t less rainfall in thse regins.
By analysing changing temperatures in the regins between the Amazn and thse distant areas, they were als able t trace the path thrugh which energy r materials such as black carbn released in frest fire might prpagate thrugh the atmsphere. Their analysis shwed the rute remained cnsistent under different future warming circumstances.
The cllapse f the West Antarctic ice sheet is a knwn tipping pint. Melting snw n the Tibetan plateau is nt, but the regin is warming mre rapidly than much f the rest f the glbe, and changes t snw and ice there culd have cnsequences fr ecsystems and the billins f peple that rely n its snwmelt fr water.
“If the Amazn des have an influence n these regins, it culd mean there is a higher risk the Amazn tipping pint might set thers ff”, says Jthan at the Ptsdam Institute fr Climate Impact Research in Germany. “It adds an additinal ptential dmin that can fall.”
21．Hw did the study identify telecnnectins?
A．By recrding temperature and rainfall.
B．By finding the similarities between regins.
C．By examining previus data n glbal climate.
D．By analysing climatlgical data f the Amazn.
22．The underlined wrd “prpagate” in paragraph 5 prbably means “________”.
A．spreadB．absrbC．launchD．switch
23．What Jthan suggests abut the Amazn?
A．It is nw at a higher risk f disappearing.
B．It indeed has an effect n the tw regins.
C．Defrestatin is caused by human activities.
D．The tipping pint might cause a chain reactin.
24．Which can be the best title f the passage?
A．Changes within the Amazn.
B．The Amazn at a tipping pint.
C．The Tibetan plateau and Antarctica.
D．Glbal impacts f the Amazn defrestatin.
7.（2023·江苏·统考模拟预测）On an extremely cld December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little twn f Mantn, Michigan and sht t Chittle’s hme. Was it because f a fire r a child climbing t high t a dangerus place? Rather, it was fr helping make a dream cme true.
Outdr activities and a slw pace f life are a mainstay in this rural twn. When peple were unable t leave the cmmunity, Sctt Chittle decided they needed a safe place t cme tgether and smething jyful during the winter mnths. And what is a better utdr activity t get peple utside than ice skating?
T fulfil his dream, Chittle dwnladed instructins n hw t build an ice rink and then rdered a 3,000 square ft waterprf clth and sme wd t create walls nline. It tk 12 fire trucks t get enugh water t fill the plt.
It tk a little time and sme neighbrly persuasin as Chittle went dr t dr t cnvince peple t cme t see his creatin, and sn Chittle’s backyard ice rink became a Mantn ht spt. Children were skating and shting, a fire was burning, and ht chclate was steaming in t-g cups. “When things were tugh, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbr Audrey Hker. “It was fantastic because we just came tgether and became calm and happy instead f cncerned.”
But the gdwill didn’t stp with Chittle. When the cmmunity heard hw much mney he used t make this prject happen, everyne stepped frward. A fundraiser brught in abut $1,300, and letters flded t Chittle’s hme stuffed with cash. “Almst 30 cmplete strangers kncked n my dr t just shake my hand and say thank yu, mst f them handing me mney as well and three asking fr a hug,” says Chittle. “This has been a cmmunity thing. It’s mre than me. I want t shw the rest f the wrld what a little effrt and the best intentins can d.”
25．Why did fire trucks cme t Mantn?
A．T deal with an emergency.B．T send water t the cmmunity.
C．T ensure peple’s safety in the twn.D．T help with Chittle building the ice rink.
26．What did Chittle d t carry ut his prject?
A．Persuade his neighbrs t make dnatins.B．Purchase a piece f land behind his huse.
C．Turn t the Internet fr tips and materials.D．Research the ppular lifestyles in Mantn.
27．Hw did the ice rink affect the cmmunity?
A．It made the cmmunity ppular in Mantan.B．It slwed dwn the pace f the residents’ life.
C．It ffered peple there cmfrt and cmpany.D．It inspired the residents t d utdr activities.
28．What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．Everyne culd make a difference t sciety.B．Chittle received acts f kindness frm thers.
C．The cmmunity gt better due t the ice rink.D．Chittle had gdwill t the whle cmmunity.
8.（2023·江苏南通·统考模拟预测）Otters (水獭) are knwn t be very scial and intelligent creatures, but a new study by the University f Exeter has given new insight int their intellect.
Researchers gave tters “puzzle bxes (智力训练箱)”, sme f which cntained familiar fd, while thers held unfamiliar natural prey (猎物) — shre crab and blue mussels, which are prtected by hard uter shells. Fr the familiar fd — meatballs, a favrite with the Asian shrt-clawed tters in the study- the scientists had five different types f bxes, and the methd t extract (提取) the fd changed in each versin, fr example pulling a tab r pening a cap. The unfamiliar fd presented additinal prblems because the tters did nt knw if the crab and mussels were safe t eat and had n experience f getting them ut f their shells.
In rder t decide whether fd was safe and desirable t eat, the tters, which live at Newquay z and the Tamar Otter and Wildlife Centre, watched intently (专注地) as their cmpanins inspected what was in the bxes and mimicked their behavir if the ther tters sampled the treats.
Hwever, they preferred t spend mre time trying t figure ut hw t remve the meat frm the shells n their wn and relied less n the actins f their cmpanins. Of the 20 tters in the study, 11 managed t extract the meat frm all three types f natural prey.
“Much f the research int the extractive fraging (觅食) and learning capabilities f tters has centered n artificial fd puzzles,” said the lead authr, Alex Salivers, f the Centre fr Eclgy and Cnservatin n Exeter’s Penryn campus in Crnwall. “Here, we were interested in investigating such skills in the cntext f unfamiliar natural fd, as well as in relatin t artificial fd puzzles.”
Other animals emply scial learning t decide what is safe t eat; rats, fr example, prefer nvel fd types that they have smelled n the breath f ther rats.
Scientists hpe that understanding hw tters cpe with unfamiliar fraged fd in their natural envirnment can help them train the animals t survive in the wild. “The captive (圈养的) tters in this study initially struggled with natural prey, but they shwed they can learn hw t extract the fd,” said Salivers. “Our findings suggest that if yu give ne tter pre-release training, it can pass sme f that infrmatin n t thers.”
29．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The purpse f the research.B．The prcess f extracting the fd.
C．The discvery f the intellect.D．The ways f presenting the fd.
30．What des the underlined wrd “mimicked” prbably mean in paragraph3?
A．Cpied.B．Influenced.C．Translated.D．Mnitred.
31．What des the new study fcus n?
A．Changes in tters’ learning capabilities.
B．Otters’ new respnse in artificial fd puzzles.
C．Otters’ learning skills in different circumstances.
D．Relatinships between tters’ varius learning skills.
32．What’s the significance f the findings?
A．They may help extract the fd.B．They imprve tters’ intelligence.
C．They can aid cnservatin effrts.D．They justify the early release f tters.
9.（2023·江苏盐城·统考三模）In this age f screens, smartphnes, virtual assistants and vice-enabled speakers, we cnstantly receive visual and auditry (听觉的) suggestins f things t d, prducts t buy, and media t cnsume. Yet are all these messages created equal? Accrding t a research, the answer is n.
In the spring f 2018, Mariadassu and Bechler, bth graduate students f Business, were sitting in a seminar (研讨会), in which they were studying hw different types f messages affect decisin-making. They learned that peple generally perceive smene as mre intelligent when they cnvey spken infrmatin rather than delivering the same message in writing.
As they chatted after class, Mariadassu recalls, “We wndered, ‘What wuld happen if yu apply this t recmmendatins?’” They believed there is “a general perceptin that peple act n auditry and visual infrmatin the same way” and wanted t explre this assumptin.
Mariadassu, wh is pursuing her PhD in marketing, with Bechler, nw a prfessr at the University f Ntre Dame’s Mendza Cllege f Business, ran a series f studies where the same infrmatin was presented t participants in different frms, including cmputer-generated audi that sunded like a smart speaker.
The researchers were surprised that auditry recmmendatins fr prducts like beer were mre influential than textual nes. “In thery, this shuldn’t prduce any difference in behavir,” Mariadassu writes in an email. “Hearing that yu shuld drink the pale beer r reading that yu shuld drink the pale beer is really ne and the same. The fact that it leads t psychlgically different experiences that are significant enugh t lead t a change in behavir is nt smething yu wuld expect.”
The effect was small but strng enugh t demnstrate a “cnsistent effect f auditry pwer”, Mariadassu says. She believes the pwer f auditry infrmatin has t d with its ephemeral nature —“it seems like there’s this srt f fundamental need t act n infrmatin that’s ging away,” she says. Bechler agrees: “When smething disappears, it creates a kind f urgency t respnd.”
33．Why did Mariadassu and Bechler cnduct the studies?
A．T apply what they learned int real life.
B．T find ut what peple are mre intelligent.
C．T explre the reasns behind peple’s different behavirs.
D．T test if different types f messages affect recmmendatins.
34．What des paragraph 5 tell us?
A．The findings f the research.
B．The thery behind the research.
C．The applicatin f the research results.
D．The explanatin f the research prcess.
35．What des the underlined wrd “ephemeral” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Uncertain.B．Temprary.C．Selective.D．Randm.
36．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Effect f Auditry Pwer Has Been Lng Neglected
B．Peple Act n Auditry and Visual Infrmatin Equally
C．Effective Recmmendatins Are Better Heard Than Seen
D．Decisin-making Has Little t D With Types f Messages
10.（2023·浙江温州·统考一模）The integratin f artificial intelligence (AI) in educatinal technlgy (EdTech) has brught incmparable cnvenience and efficiency t classrms wrldwide. Hwever, despite these advancements, it is crucial t recgnize the challenges these AI-driven tls pse t the autnmy and prfessinal judgment f instructrs.
One f its primary cncerns is the depersnalizatin f instructin. These tls ften rely n pre-packaged digital cntent and standardized slutins, leaving insufficient rm fr instructrs t tailr their teaching methds. Each student pssesses unique characteristics. Instructrs, armed with their wealth f experience and knwledge, are best psitined t tailr their appraches t these individual needs. Hwever, AI-driven tls restrict their ability t d s effectively, resulting in a ne-size-fits-all apprach that fails t inspire students t reach their maximum ptential.
EdTech cmpanies ffer step-by-step slutins t textbk prblems. These are intended t act as study aids. Hwever, sme students emply this feature as a means t merely cpy slutins withut cmprehending cncepts. Cnsequently, instances f cheating n assignments and exams becme widespread. While these tls may ffer cnvenience, students may use external resurces r cperate with thers during quizzes, affecting the hnesty f their learning utcmes.
The implicatins f this depersnalizatin and the increase in academic dishnesty are far-reaching. By decreasing the rle f instructrs as facilitatrs f meaningful educatinal interactins, we run the risk f preventing the grwth f critical thinking and prblem-slving skills amng students. Educatin shuld nt nly fcus n knwledge acquisitin, but shuld als develp the ability t analyze, evaluate, and apply that knwledge in real-wrld cntexts. It shuld help ne’s mind grw, nt simply memrize infrmatin. Thrugh dynamic classrm discussins, cperative prjects, and hands-n activities, instructrs play a crucial rle in develping these essential skills.
While AI-driven EdTech tls undeniably have their virtues, we must nt lse sight f the imprtance f preserving instructr autnmy and educatinal experience. Instead f relying nly n pre-packaged cntent and standardized slutins, these tls shuld be designed t empwer instructrs t adapt and custmize their appraches while taking full advantage f the benefits f technlgy.
37．What d the underlined wrds “the depersnalizatin f instructin” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Tailred methds fr individuals.B．Instructrs’ dependence n Al.
C．Insufficient resurces f Al-driven tls.D．The ne-size-fits-all apprach.
38．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．A pssible slutin.
B．A further prblem.
C．A well-meant intentin.
D．A suggested applicatin
39．In what aspect d students suffer mst with AI-driven EdTech educatin?
A．Thinking skills.B．Teamwrk building.
C．Interest develpment.D．Knwledge acquisitin.
40．What is cnveyed abut Al-driven EdTech tls in the last paragraph?
A．They shuld be used widely.
B．Their benefits deserve ur attentin.
C．Their resurces need enriching.
D．They shuld supprt instructr autnmy.
试卷类型
年份
篇序
体裁
话题
题量
新高考I卷
2023
C
说明文
数字机简主义
1
新高考II卷
2023
C
说明文
阅读艺术
1
新高考I卷
2022
C
说明文
社会公益
1
新高考II卷
2022
B
记叙文
多媒体发展新时代
1
C
说明文
使用Textalyzer来监控司机
1
新高考I卷
2021
C
说明文
保护野生动物和湿地
1
新高考II卷
2021
B
夹叙夹议
照顾两只幼虎
1
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。
平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。
预计2024年高考词义猜测题仍旧占比0-1题。
近3年新高考词义猜测 题数据分析
考点一：单词或短语意义猜测
上下文猜词义。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。可利用下列方法：
(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据构词法进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以加前缀或后缀构成一个新词，如果掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。
(4)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(5)根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，hwever，therwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
（6）根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, , fr example, fr instance, like , including, especially等。
考点二：猜测代替词所替代的内容
就近原则找指代。猜测代替词的指代内容，要求判断代词(it, ne, they, this, that, these, thse, which等)或助动词(d, des, did 等)具体替代什么。可按以下三步进行：返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子→将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。
考点三： 句意猜测题
意义吻合推句意。句意猜测要求通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下：
(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。对于需要猜测句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，最后再进行归纳总结，得出答案。
(2)一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。
典例分析
典例一
（2023年新高考I卷C篇）
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
典例二
（2023·年新高考II卷C篇）Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
3．What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Understand.B．Paint.
C．Seize.D．Transfrm.
.
（建议用时：8分钟/篇）
1.（2023·山东·德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）While many animal ppulatins seem t dwindle, ne species that is mving in the ppsite directin f such lss is America’s native wildlife — wd strk.
The wd strk is the nly strk that breeds in Nrth America. In 1984, it was declared an endangered species after its ppulatin decreased sharply t just 5,000 mating pairs. At the time, scientists predicted that the bird wuld becme cmpletely extinct by 2000. Tday, it numbers 10,000 mating pairs, and the Fish and Wildlife Service is prpsing a delisting f the wd strk as an endangered species. S hw did the ppulatin bunce back?
The success is in part dwn t the resurcefulness f the wd strk. The wd strk’s native hme was in the Everglades in Flrida, but it migrated nrth as the Everglades were being destryed by develpment f mankind. Wetland preservatin and restratin, prtectin f nesting areas, and management f water flws began with the apprval f the wd strk’s first recvery plan in 1986. In the fllwing year, frmer Savannah Castal Refuges bilgist Jhn Rbinette nticed strk nests in Gergia as strk ppulatins mved t safer wetlands.
Accrding t Stephanie Kurse, a senir plicy specialist at the Centre fr Bilgical Diversity, the Endangered Species Act is als t thank fr this recvery. She said, “The act saved the wd strk and it helped preserve and rebuild vital habitats thrughut the sutheast, which has imprved water quality and benefited cuntless ther species wh call the area hme.” “The Endangered Species Act has saved 99 per cent f the species that were n the list since 1973. A hundred types f plants and animals have been delisted as their ppulatins becme stable again.
If the wd strk is delisted, it will remain prtected by ther laws and a mnitring plan will be put in place t ensure the ppulatin remains stable.
1．What des the underlined wrd dwindle prbably mean?
A．Bst.B．Change.C．Decline.D．Explde.
2．What can we learn abut the wd strk in paragraph tw?
A．Its ppulatin shws a rising trend.B．It has becme cmpletely extinct.
C．It is widely distributed wrldwide.D．It is the mst endangered species.
3．What threatened the ppulatin f the wd stck?
A．Climate change f Earth.B．Ppularity f water sprts.
C．Impact f human activities.D．Arrival f ther wild animals.
4．What is a direct result f the Endangered Species Act?
A．Peple have safer water t drink.B．A list f species have been saved.
C．The lcal ecnmy has bmed.D．The wd stck has flwn away.
2.（2023·广东东莞·东莞实验中学校考一模）Chat Generative Pre-trained Transfrmer (ChatGPT), created by penAI, an AI and research cmpany, is a natural language prcessing tl driven by AI technlgy that allws yu t have human-like cnversatins and much mre with a chatbt. The language mdel can answer questins, and assist yu with tasks such as cmpsing emails, essays and cde.
ChatGPT is pwered by a large language mdel, r LLM, meaning it’s prgrammed t understand human language and generate respnses based n a large amunt f data. What makes ChatGPT s impressive is its ability t lg cntext frm user’s earlier messages in a thread and use it t frm respnses later in the cnversatin.
Accrding t analysis by Swiss bank UBS, ChatGPT is the fastest grwing up app f all time. In January, nly tw mnths after its launch, UBS analysis estimates that ChatGPT had 100 millin active users. Fr cmparisn, it tk nine mnths fr TikTk t reach 100 millin.
Despite lking very impressive, ChatGPT still has limitatins. Instead f asking fr clarificatin n ambiguus questins, the mdel just takes a guess at what yur questin means. “The primary prblem is that the answers that ChatGPT prduces have a high rate f being incrrect,” says Stack Overflw mderatrs in a pst. Critics argue that these tls are just very gd at putting wrds int an rder that makes sense frm a statistical pint f view, but they cannt understand the meaning r knw whether the statements it makes are crrect. Anther majr limitatin is that ChatGPT’s data is limited t 2021.
ChatGPT is an advanced chatbt that has the ptential t make peple’s lives easier and t assist with everyday tiring tasks, such as writing an email r having t navigate the web fr answers. Hwever, there are certain technical details that have t be figured ut befre it’s widely used, t prevent negative utcmes such as the spread f misinfrmatin. In general, this AI mdel relies n lts f training and fine-tuning t reach a level f ideal perfrmance.
5．What can we learn abut ChatGPT frm the first paragraph?
A．What its ptential market is.B．It is develped jintly by tw cmpanies.
C．Why it enjys great ppularity.D．It is a cnversatinal AI tl.
6．What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t?
A．Cntext.B．ChatGPT’s ability.C．A thread.D．LLM.
7．What is a limitatin f ChatGPT?
A．Lw efficiency.B．Disrdered wrds.
C．Pr accuracy.D．Frequent crashes.
8．What is the authr’s attitude t ChatGPT?
A．Unclear.B．Objective.C．Dubtful.D．Satisfied.
3.（2023·广东广州·统考二模）The best ideas are ften s smart, s simple and s clearly needed; it’s strange t discver they dn’t already exist. S it is with Farm My Schl, a prgram that’s turning underused land at secndary schls int cmmercially achievable, regenerative market gardens farmed by and fr lcal cmmunities.
C-funded by permaculturist Ben Shaw and regenerative educatr James McLennan, Farm My Schl cnnects lcal peple and rganizatins thrugh vlunteering that helps establish a schl’s market garden. Students learn abut cmmunity netwrks, healthy eating, eclgical respnsibility, waste reductin and climate relief while helping with fd prductin. Schls integrate all these int their curses while prducing vegetable bxes every week that feed lcal families, supply the schl’s fd needs and ultimately pay the farmer’s salary.
Farm My Schl has gained the extrardinary enthusiasm f the lcals, wh answered an nline shut-ut t buy tickets t the prgram’s launch event at Bell Secndary Schl last Octber. Called Build A Farm in a Day Festival, the event featured wrkshps by Ben and James t share the skills required t build what they say is the wrld’s largest n-dig garden. “It was such a pwerful event, and I think that cmes dwn t peple wanting t act nw,” says James. “We charged fr the experience and 600 guys turned up! They didn’t even need free drinks t get excited. We were gardening till midnight. It was amazing. We’ve gt true cmmunity buy-in.”
Vlunteers have since begun beneficial planting thrughut the schl. Next steps include further discussins with lcal cmmunities, emplying a farmer, and bringing in a teacher t develp curses. “We’ve seen this huge push twards seeing schls as regenerative spaces, nt just fr planting but fr kids t be mre cnnected t the utside wrld, and really seeing the schl in a whle new light,” James says. “Fr us, the big excitement is that by allwing a prfessinal farmer t take the respnsibility f grwing fd, it’s nt nly n the schl t lk after that farm anymre, which eventually makes it much mre sustainable,” adds Ben.
9．Why was Farm My Schl funded?
A．T raise the incme f the lcal peple.
B．T advcate a cmmercial farming plan.
C．T prvide free fd fr lcal cmmunities.
D．T turn underused campus land int market gardens.
10．Hw d schls invlve students int the prgram?
A．By develping prgram-based curses.
B．By rganizing vluntary wrk in cmmunities.
C．By ffering them part-time jbs in the market gardens.
D．By encuraging them t prduce daily vegetable bxes.
11．What des the underlined wrd “buy-in” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cmpetitin.
B．Investment.
C．Supprt.
D．Prtectin.
12．What is the highlight f the prgram accrding t Ben?
A．It brings in mney t supprt the schl.
B．The schl farm will be able t last lng.
C．The lcal peple will take care f the farm.
D．Students cnnect mre with the utside wrld.
4.（2023·湖南郴州·校联考模拟预测）When the Great Backyard Bird Cunt (GBBC) began last Friday, Steve and Janet Kistler f Hart Cunty, Kentucky, jined in. They’ve dne s every year since the nw-glbal traditin began 25 years ag.
Fr Mira Dalibr, wh teaches math at a schl, this was the first cunt. She led a grup f students and parents t an arbretum (植物园) fr an exercise in data-gathering. They were amng hundreds f thusands f peple arund the wrld cunting and recrding ver fur days. Last year, abut 385,000 peple frm 192 cuntries tk part in the GBBC．
This glbal data ges int the eBird database used by scientists fr research n bird ppulatins, which have declined sharply verall in past decades. It’s part f a rise in “citizen science” prjects in which vlunteers cllect data abut the natural wrld fr use by researchers.
Many bird-watchers use eBird year-rund, and it has cllected huge amunts f data — ften between 1 millin and 2 millin bird checklists a mnth frm arund the wrld in the past cuple f years, says Becca Rdmsky-Bish, the prject’s leader at the Crnell Lab f Ornithlgy, in Ithaca, New Yrk. “Observing birds is a gd way t cnnect with the natural wrld. Birds are everywhere. Yu dn’t have t leave yur huse. They will cme. And they’re charismatic because they’re fun and interesting t watch.”
This is hw it wrks: Participants watch birds, whether that means lking ut f the windw fr 15 minutes r taking a lnger trip t a nature area. Organizers recmmend the Merlin bird ID app t distinguish birds by size, shape, sng r ther characteristics. Many participants als carry field guides and binculars (双筒望远镜) alng with their phnes. They then enter the findings int the eBird app. Thse numbers help researchers track the ups and dwns f varius species, which then help determine the directin f cnservatin effrts.
Dalibr prepared her classes with infrmatin abut lcal species and practiced with the Merlin app. The kids recrded bird sightings with pencils and drawing bards, and parent vlunteers entered thse numbers n phnes.
13．Why did Dalibr lead her students t an arbretum?
A．T d exercise fr health.B．T bserve different plants.
C．T practice their math skills.D．T cllect infrmatin abut birds.
14．What des the underlined wrd “charismatic” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Attractive.B．Beautiful.C．Rare.D．Shy.
15．What can peple use the Merlin bird ID app t d?
A．T recrd their findings.B．T identify different birds.
C．T help determine the birds’ habitat.D．T track the ups and dwns f varius species.
16．What’s the best title f the text?
A．Great Backyard Bird Cunt: a strange activity
B．Watching birds cntributes t students’ educatin
C．Mira Dalibr: a pineer and respnsible teacher
D．Great Backyard Bird Cunt shws pwer f citizen science
5.（2023·广东江门·新会陈经纶中学校考三模）Salvadr Dali (1904-1989) was ne f the mst ppular f mdern artists. The Pmpidu Centre in Paris is shwing its respect and admiratin fr the artist and his pwerful persnality with an exhibitin bringing tgether ver 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and mre. Amng the wrks and masterwrks-n exhibitin the visitr will find the best pieces, mst imprtantly The Persistence f Memry. There is als L’Enigme sans Fin frm 1938, wrks n paper, bjects, and prjects fr stage and screen and selected parts frm televisin prgrammes reflecting the artist’s shwman qualities.
The visitr will enter the Wrld f Dali thrugh an egg and is met with the beginning, the wrld f birth. The exhibitin fllws a path f time and subject with the visitr exiting thrugh the brain.
The exhibitin shws hw Dali draws the viewer between tw infinities (无限).“Frm the infinity small t the infinity large, cntractin and expansin cming in and ut f fcus:amazing Flemish accuracy and the shwy Barque f ld painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,”explains the Pmpidu Centre.
The fine selectin f the majr wrks was dne in clse cperatin with the Muse Natinal Reina Sfia in Madrid, Spain, and with cntributins frm ther institutins like the Salvadr Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.
17．Which f the fllwing best describe Dali accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．Optimistic.B．PrductiveC．Generus.D．Traditinal.
18．What is Dali’s The Persistence f Memry cnsidered t be?
A．One f his masterwrks.B．A successful. screen adaptatin.
C．An artistic creatin fr the stage.D．One f the best TV prgrammes.
19．Hw are the exhibits arranged at the Wrld f Dali?
A．By ppularity.B．By imprtance.
C．By size and shape.D．By time and subject.
20．What des the wrd “cntributins” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Creatins.B．Prjects.C．Dnatins.D．Dcuments.
6.（2023·广东广州·广州市协和中学校考一模）What might be the glbal impact f extreme lsses f the Amazn rainfrest — the wrld’s largest rainfrest? A new study has fund that rapid defrestatin f the Amazn rainfrest culd influence the temperature and rainfall ver as far away as the Tibetan plateau and Antarctica.
Saini Yang at Beijing Nrmal University in China and her clleagues analysed glbal climatlgical data frm 1979 t 2019 t identify crrelatins in temperature and rainfall between the Amazn rainfrest and ther areas. Such links are called “telecnnectins(遥相关)”.
They fcused n the Amazn rainfrest in particular because f its significance as a majr carbn sink and as a climatic “tipping pint(临界点)” that culd see frests turn t trpical grasslands beynd a certain limit f warming and human-driven defrestatin.
The researchers fund that since 1979, warm temperatures in the Amazn was assciated with warm temperatures ver the Tibetan plateau and the West Antarctic ice sheet; mre rainfall in the Amazn was relevant t less rainfall in thse regins.
By analysing changing temperatures in the regins between the Amazn and thse distant areas, they were als able t trace the path thrugh which energy r materials such as black carbn released in frest fire might prpagate thrugh the atmsphere. Their analysis shwed the rute remained cnsistent under different future warming circumstances.
The cllapse f the West Antarctic ice sheet is a knwn tipping pint. Melting snw n the Tibetan plateau is nt, but the regin is warming mre rapidly than much f the rest f the glbe, and changes t snw and ice there culd have cnsequences fr ecsystems and the billins f peple that rely n its snwmelt fr water.
“If the Amazn des have an influence n these regins, it culd mean there is a higher risk the Amazn tipping pint might set thers ff”, says Jthan at the Ptsdam Institute fr Climate Impact Research in Germany. “It adds an additinal ptential dmin that can fall.”
21．Hw did the study identify telecnnectins?
A．By recrding temperature and rainfall.
B．By finding the similarities between regins.
C．By examining previus data n glbal climate.
D．By analysing climatlgical data f the Amazn.
22．The underlined wrd “prpagate” in paragraph 5 prbably means “________”.
A．spreadB．absrbC．launchD．switch
23．What Jthan suggests abut the Amazn?
A．It is nw at a higher risk f disappearing.
B．It indeed has an effect n the tw regins.
C．Defrestatin is caused by human activities.
D．The tipping pint might cause a chain reactin.
24．Which can be the best title f the passage?
A．Changes within the Amazn.
B．The Amazn at a tipping pint.
C．The Tibetan plateau and Antarctica.
D．Glbal impacts f the Amazn defrestatin.
7.（2023·江苏·统考模拟预测）On an extremely cld December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little twn f Mantn, Michigan and sht t Chittle’s hme. Was it because f a fire r a child climbing t high t a dangerus place? Rather, it was fr helping make a dream cme true.
Outdr activities and a slw pace f life are a mainstay in this rural twn. When peple were unable t leave the cmmunity, Sctt Chittle decided they needed a safe place t cme tgether and smething jyful during the winter mnths. And what is a better utdr activity t get peple utside than ice skating?
T fulfil his dream, Chittle dwnladed instructins n hw t build an ice rink and then rdered a 3,000 square ft waterprf clth and sme wd t create walls nline. It tk 12 fire trucks t get enugh water t fill the plt.
It tk a little time and sme neighbrly persuasin as Chittle went dr t dr t cnvince peple t cme t see his creatin, and sn Chittle’s backyard ice rink became a Mantn ht spt. Children were skating and shting, a fire was burning, and ht chclate was steaming in t-g cups. “When things were tugh, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbr Audrey Hker. “It was fantastic because we just came tgether and became calm and happy instead f cncerned.”
But the gdwill didn’t stp with Chittle. When the cmmunity heard hw much mney he used t make this prject happen, everyne stepped frward. A fundraiser brught in abut $1,300, and letters flded t Chittle’s hme stuffed with cash. “Almst 30 cmplete strangers kncked n my dr t just shake my hand and say thank yu, mst f them handing me mney as well and three asking fr a hug,” says Chittle. “This has been a cmmunity thing. It’s mre than me. I want t shw the rest f the wrld what a little effrt and the best intentins can d.”
25．Why did fire trucks cme t Mantn?
A．T deal with an emergency.B．T send water t the cmmunity.
C．T ensure peple’s safety in the twn.D．T help with Chittle building the ice rink.
26．What did Chittle d t carry ut his prject?
A．Persuade his neighbrs t make dnatins.B．Purchase a piece f land behind his huse.
C．Turn t the Internet fr tips and materials.D．Research the ppular lifestyles in Mantn.
27．Hw did the ice rink affect the cmmunity?
A．It made the cmmunity ppular in Mantan.B．It slwed dwn the pace f the residents’ life.
C．It ffered peple there cmfrt and cmpany.D．It inspired the residents t d utdr activities.
28．What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．Everyne culd make a difference t sciety.B．Chittle received acts f kindness frm thers.
C．The cmmunity gt better due t the ice rink.D．Chittle had gdwill t the whle cmmunity.
8.（2023·江苏南通·统考模拟预测）Otters (水獭) are knwn t be very scial and intelligent creatures, but a new study by the University f Exeter has given new insight int their intellect.
Researchers gave tters “puzzle bxes (智力训练箱)”, sme f which cntained familiar fd, while thers held unfamiliar natural prey (猎物) — shre crab and blue mussels, which are prtected by hard uter shells. Fr the familiar fd — meatballs, a favrite with the Asian shrt-clawed tters in the study- the scientists had five different types f bxes, and the methd t extract (提取) the fd changed in each versin, fr example pulling a tab r pening a cap. The unfamiliar fd presented additinal prblems because the tters did nt knw if the crab and mussels were safe t eat and had n experience f getting them ut f their shells.
In rder t decide whether fd was safe and desirable t eat, the tters, which live at Newquay z and the Tamar Otter and Wildlife Centre, watched intently (专注地) as their cmpanins inspected what was in the bxes and mimicked their behavir if the ther tters sampled the treats.
Hwever, they preferred t spend mre time trying t figure ut hw t remve the meat frm the shells n their wn and relied less n the actins f their cmpanins. Of the 20 tters in the study, 11 managed t extract the meat frm all three types f natural prey.
“Much f the research int the extractive fraging (觅食) and learning capabilities f tters has centered n artificial fd puzzles,” said the lead authr, Alex Salivers, f the Centre fr Eclgy and Cnservatin n Exeter’s Penryn campus in Crnwall. “Here, we were interested in investigating such skills in the cntext f unfamiliar natural fd, as well as in relatin t artificial fd puzzles.”
Other animals emply scial learning t decide what is safe t eat; rats, fr example, prefer nvel fd types that they have smelled n the breath f ther rats.
Scientists hpe that understanding hw tters cpe with unfamiliar fraged fd in their natural envirnment can help them train the animals t survive in the wild. “The captive (圈养的) tters in this study initially struggled with natural prey, but they shwed they can learn hw t extract the fd,” said Salivers. “Our findings suggest that if yu give ne tter pre-release training, it can pass sme f that infrmatin n t thers.”
29．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The purpse f the research.B．The prcess f extracting the fd.
C．The discvery f the intellect.D．The ways f presenting the fd.
30．What des the underlined wrd “mimicked” prbably mean in paragraph3?
A．Cpied.B．Influenced.C．Translated.D．Mnitred.
31．What des the new study fcus n?
A．Changes in tters’ learning capabilities.
B．Otters’ new respnse in artificial fd puzzles.
C．Otters’ learning skills in different circumstances.
D．Relatinships between tters’ varius learning skills.
32．What’s the significance f the findings?
A．They may help extract the fd.B．They imprve tters’ intelligence.
C．They can aid cnservatin effrts.D．They justify the early release f tters.
9.（2023·江苏盐城·统考三模）In this age f screens, smartphnes, virtual assistants and vice-enabled speakers, we cnstantly receive visual and auditry (听觉的) suggestins f things t d, prducts t buy, and media t cnsume. Yet are all these messages created equal? Accrding t a research, the answer is n.
In the spring f 2018, Mariadassu and Bechler, bth graduate students f Business, were sitting in a seminar (研讨会), in which they were studying hw different types f messages affect decisin-making. They learned that peple generally perceive smene as mre intelligent when they cnvey spken infrmatin rather than delivering the same message in writing.
As they chatted after class, Mariadassu recalls, “We wndered, ‘What wuld happen if yu apply this t recmmendatins?’” They believed there is “a general perceptin that peple act n auditry and visual infrmatin the same way” and wanted t explre this assumptin.
Mariadassu, wh is pursuing her PhD in marketing, with Bechler, nw a prfessr at the University f Ntre Dame’s Mendza Cllege f Business, ran a series f studies where the same infrmatin was presented t participants in different frms, including cmputer-generated audi that sunded like a smart speaker.
The researchers were surprised that auditry recmmendatins fr prducts like beer were mre influential than textual nes. “In thery, this shuldn’t prduce any difference in behavir,” Mariadassu writes in an email. “Hearing that yu shuld drink the pale beer r reading that yu shuld drink the pale beer is really ne and the same. The fact that it leads t psychlgically different experiences that are significant enugh t lead t a change in behavir is nt smething yu wuld expect.”
The effect was small but strng enugh t demnstrate a “cnsistent effect f auditry pwer”, Mariadassu says. She believes the pwer f auditry infrmatin has t d with its ephemeral nature —“it seems like there’s this srt f fundamental need t act n infrmatin that’s ging away,” she says. Bechler agrees: “When smething disappears, it creates a kind f urgency t respnd.”
33．Why did Mariadassu and Bechler cnduct the studies?
A．T apply what they learned int real life.
B．T find ut what peple are mre intelligent.
C．T explre the reasns behind peple’s different behavirs.
D．T test if different types f messages affect recmmendatins.
34．What des paragraph 5 tell us?
A．The findings f the research.
B．The thery behind the research.
C．The applicatin f the research results.
D．The explanatin f the research prcess.
35．What des the underlined wrd “ephemeral” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Uncertain.B．Temprary.C．Selective.D．Randm.
36．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Effect f Auditry Pwer Has Been Lng Neglected
B．Peple Act n Auditry and Visual Infrmatin Equally
C．Effective Recmmendatins Are Better Heard Than Seen
D．Decisin-making Has Little t D With Types f Messages
10.（2023·浙江温州·统考一模）The integratin f artificial intelligence (AI) in educatinal technlgy (EdTech) has brught incmparable cnvenience and efficiency t classrms wrldwide. Hwever, despite these advancements, it is crucial t recgnize the challenges these AI-driven tls pse t the autnmy and prfessinal judgment f instructrs.
One f its primary cncerns is the depersnalizatin f instructin. These tls ften rely n pre-packaged digital cntent and standardized slutins, leaving insufficient rm fr instructrs t tailr their teaching methds. Each student pssesses unique characteristics. Instructrs, armed with their wealth f experience and knwledge, are best psitined t tailr their appraches t these individual needs. Hwever, AI-driven tls restrict their ability t d s effectively, resulting in a ne-size-fits-all apprach that fails t inspire students t reach their maximum ptential.
EdTech cmpanies ffer step-by-step slutins t textbk prblems. These are intended t act as study aids. Hwever, sme students emply this feature as a means t merely cpy slutins withut cmprehending cncepts. Cnsequently, instances f cheating n assignments and exams becme widespread. While these tls may ffer cnvenience, students may use external resurces r cperate with thers during quizzes, affecting the hnesty f their learning utcmes.
The implicatins f this depersnalizatin and the increase in academic dishnesty are far-reaching. By decreasing the rle f instructrs as facilitatrs f meaningful educatinal interactins, we run the risk f preventing the grwth f critical thinking and prblem-slving skills amng students. Educatin shuld nt nly fcus n knwledge acquisitin, but shuld als develp the ability t analyze, evaluate, and apply that knwledge in real-wrld cntexts. It shuld help ne’s mind grw, nt simply memrize infrmatin. Thrugh dynamic classrm discussins, cperative prjects, and hands-n activities, instructrs play a crucial rle in develping these essential skills.
While AI-driven EdTech tls undeniably have their virtues, we must nt lse sight f the imprtance f preserving instructr autnmy and educatinal experience. Instead f relying nly n pre-packaged cntent and standardized slutins, these tls shuld be designed t empwer instructrs t adapt and custmize their appraches while taking full advantage f the benefits f technlgy.
37．What d the underlined wrds “the depersnalizatin f instructin” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Tailred methds fr individuals.B．Instructrs’ dependence n Al.
C．Insufficient resurces f Al-driven tls.D．The ne-size-fits-all apprach.
38．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．A pssible slutin.
B．A further prblem.
C．A well-meant intentin.
D．A suggested applicatin
39．In what aspect d students suffer mst with AI-driven EdTech educatin?
A．Thinking skills.B．Teamwrk building.
C．Interest develpment.D．Knwledge acquisitin.
40．What is cnveyed abut Al-driven EdTech tls in the last paragraph?
A．They shuld be used widely.
B．Their benefits deserve ur attentin.
C．Their resurces need enriching.
D．They shuld supprt instructr autnmy.
试卷类型
年份
篇序
体裁
话题
题量
新高考I卷
2023
C
说明文
数字机简主义
1
新高考II卷
2023
C
说明文
阅读艺术
1
新高考I卷
2022
C
说明文
社会公益
1
新高考II卷
2022
B
记叙文
多媒体发展新时代
1
C
说明文
使用Textalyzer来监控司机
1
新高考I卷
2021
C
说明文
保护野生动物和湿地
1
新高考II卷
2021
B
夹叙夹议
照顾两只幼虎
1
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