专题04 阅读理解主旨大意题 （原卷版+解析版）

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每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有四种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。做这种题要通读文章，重点把握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中therefre, thus, but, hwever, in shrt, t sum up等表达转折或总结的词语。
题型特征总览
主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解, 它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下, 对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象, 既考查细节理解能力, 又考查深层次的推理、概括能力, 难度较大。
（一）命题方式
把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式:
1. What wuld be the best title fr the text? /What is the tpic f the text?
2. The main idea/The general idea/The main theme f this passage is __________.
3. The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis n __________.
4. What is mainly discussed in the text?
5. What’s the main pint the writer is trying t make in the last paragraph?
6. Which f the fllwing statements is best supprted by the text?
7. The passage mainly fcuses n __________.
（二）解答技巧
题型突破攻略
一、文章大意题
文章大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
1. 主题句法
解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。
(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句
(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句
2.高频词法
全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
3.逆向思维法
在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。
注意：
1．正确选项特征：涵盖性强，覆盖全文
2．错误选项特征
(1)以偏概全，主次不分
(2)无中生有，曲解文意
【典型例题】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)
Sme parents will buy any high－tech ty if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math－related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine，an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag，fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills.Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知)after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme，educatin and the amunt f parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child－parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt，n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld，and abut half f the children in the study played with puzzles at ne time.Higher－incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently，and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills.Hwever，bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls，and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
27．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A mathematical methd.
B．A scientific study.
C．A wman psychlgist.
D．A teaching prgram.
【分析】
·第一步 读文章，概括文意：本文介绍了芝加哥大学的一项科学研究，该研究表明，对于2到4岁的孩子来说，玩拼图游戏对他们今后空间技能的提高有益；高收入家庭的孩子接触拼图游戏的时间更长，而且男孩子比女孩子玩的拼图更复杂。
·第二步 利用关键词法定主旨：文章多次出现了researchers，expert，study，findings等词，主要介绍的是一项科学研究。
二、段落大意题
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
【典型例题】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research.Recent studies have fund psitive effects.A study cnducted in Yungstwn，Ohi，fr example，discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime.In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．A new study f different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D．Benefits frm green plants.
【分析】
·第一步 首尾兼顾定段意：通读全文可知，Recent studies have fund psitive effects.是本段的主旨，后通过列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人类的好处。
·第二步 析选项，斟酌判断：
·第三步 比对选项得出答案。
三、标题归纳题
该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强(不改变原文的意义和感情色彩)；覆盖性强(能概括全文并体现文章的主旨)。
要首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章标题，如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性强的关键词或者概括全文。
1. 利用4大技巧解题
2.结合3大特点解题
3.排除3种错误选项
【典型例题】 (2020·浙江7月卷阅读C)
Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking，planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age，a study published Wednesday in the jurnal Neurlgy suggests.
Researchers frm the University f Leipzig in Germany gathered mre than 1，000 retired wrkers wh were ver age 75 and assessed the vlunteers’ memry and thinking skills thrugh a battery f tests.Then，fr eight years，the scientists asked the same grup t cme back t the lab every 18 mnths t take the same srts f tests.
Thse wh had held mentally stimulating(刺激)，demanding jbs befre retirement tended t d the best n the tests.And they tended t lse cgnitive(认知) functin at a much slwer rate than thse with the least mentally challenging jbs.The results held true even after the scientists accunted fr the participants’ verall health status.
“This wrks just like physical exercise，”says Francisca Then，wh led the study.“After a lng run，yu may feel like yu’re in pain，yu may feel tired.But it makes yu fit.After a lng day at wrk—sure，yu will feel tired，but it can help yur brain stay healthy.”
It’s nt just crprate jbs，r even paid wrk that can help keep yur brain fit，Then pints ut.A waiter’s jb，fr example，that requires multitasking，teamwrk and decisin－making culd be just as stimulating as any high－level ffice wrk.And “running a family husehld requires high－level planning and crdinating(协调)，”she says.“Yu have t rganize the activities f the children and take care f the bills and grceries.”
Of curse，ur brains can decline as we grw lder fr lts f reasns—including ther envirnmental influences r genetic factrs.Still，cntinuing t challenge yurself mentally and keeping yur mind busy can nly help.
30．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Retired Wrkers Can Pick Up New Skills
B．Old Peple Shuld Take Challenging Jbs
C．Yur Tugh Jb Might Help Keep Yu Sharp
D．Cgnitive Functin May Decline As Yu Age
【分析】
·第一步 找准文章的主题句：通读全文，本文是“总—分”结构，文章开头提出主旨“Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking，planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age”。
·第二步 根据正误选项特征，斟酌判断：A、B选项无中生有，曲解文意；D选项以偏概全；主次不分；选项C“棘手的工作可能会帮助你保持思维敏捷”精炼地概括了文章内容。
·第三步 比对选项得出答案。
名校资源学练
1
（2023秋·福建泉州·高三福建省永春第一中学校考阶段练习）Jeremy frm America cannt understand why a lady he met utside the Hyde Park in Lndn said, “Oh, isn’t it cld?”, and he thinks f this behaviur as a distinctively English cncern abut the weather. In fact, the female was just trying t strike up a cnversatin with Jeremy. Nt necessarily a lng cnversatin — just an exchange f greetings. It is nt always quite that bvius, but all English weather cnversatins have a distinctive structure cnducted accrding t unwritten but accepted rules.
The unpredictable nature f ur weather ensures that there is always smething new t cmment n, r perhaps mst imprtantly, agree abut. We have already established that weather-speak greetings like “Cld, isn’t it?” require the respnse expressing agreement, as in “Yes, isn’t it?” .It wuld be very rude t respnd with “N, actually it’s quite mild.” r “It’s pretty ht t me.” If yu deliberately break the rule, yu will find that the atmsphere becmes rather tense and awkward. There may be an uncmfrtable silence. Mst likely, they will either change the subject r cntinue talking abut the weather amng themselves plitely, if cldly, ignring yur faux pas.
There is, hwever, ne situatin in which English weather-speakers are nt required t bserve the agreement rule at all and that is the male-bnding argument, particularly the pub-argument. In the special envirnment f the pub, cnstant disagreement nt just n the weather, but n everything else as well is a means f expressing friendship.
While we may spend much f ur time cmplaining abut ur weather, freigners are nt allwed t criticize it. Indeed, this brings us t the weather as family rule. In this respect, we treat the English weather like a member f ur family: ne can cmplain abut the behavir f ne’s wn children r parents, but any blame frm an utsider is unacceptable. The weather may be ne f the few things abut which the English are still uncnsciusly and unashamedly patritic （爱国的）.
1. Why did the lady cmment n the weather t Jeremy?
A. T build up friendship.
B. T begin a casual chat.
C. T send seasnal greetings.
D. T express dissatisfactin.
2. What des the underlined phrase “faux pas” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Imprper respnse. B. Careless attitude.
C. Rude interruptin. D. Frequent cmplaint.
3. What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Male bnding in pubs.
B. Argument abut weather.
C. Exceptin t the agreement rule.
D. Making friends by disagreement.
4. What is the best title fr this text?
A. Pliteness Tips fr Freigners
B. Accepted Rules in Scial Life
C. English Pliteness in Weather Cnversatin
D. Hidden Rules f English Weather Cnversatin
2
（2023·辽宁沈阳·沈阳二中校考三模）TerraCycle is a cmpany that has recycled and upcycled (升级改造) just abut any garbage it can get its hands n. It upcycles things like pens and markers int dust bins and picnic tables and cigarette ends int railrad ties.
Nw, TerraCycle wants t help families waste even less with a new bk Make Garbage Great: The TerraCycle Family Guide t a Zer-Waste Lifestyle. The bk is part wake-up call, part histry lessn, part hw-t, and part DIY arts and crafts instructin.
In an effrt t help peple d what they can t curb their cntributin t the tns f waste created every day, Make Garbage Great gives the histry f varius materials, discusses why thse varius materials are a prblem, and gives tips and DIY prjects t recycle r upcycle each material.
There is a chapter each n plastics, metals, paper, glass, wd, rubber and rganics. Each chapter is filled with tns f tips and ideas fr reducing the amunt f waste yu create and fr respnsibly handling the waste yu end up creating in yur hme. If yu’re a cnscius cnsumer, sme f the infrmatin yu may already knw, but there are als tips in this bk that will help yu recycle mre than yu thught yu were able t. It has infrmatin n where yu can take ld sneakers, pillws, and all that electrnic waste that seems t pile up quicker and quicker each year.
Whether the bk inspires yu t get a little clever at dealing with yur waste r simply inspires yu t think befre yu buy r befre yu thrw, anyne wh is cncerned abut the amunt f waste ur culture creates will find sme ideas here. Even the physical bk itself is a bit f an inspiratin. It’s printed n tree-free paper and is a reminder that there is usually a sustainable (可持续的) alternative t many f the prducts that we waste.
5. What is the bk intended t d?
A. T advertise fr the cmpany.
B. T help families make mney.
C. T instruct peple t learn arts.
D. T help families reduce waste.
6. What can we knw abut the bk?
A. It is intended fr husewives.
B. It is envirnmentally friendly.
C. It is well received all ver the wrld.
D. It is nt different frm ther paper bks.
7. What des the authr’s attitude twards the bk?
A. Psitive.B. Negative.
C. Dubtful.D. Objective.
8. What culd be the best title fr the text?
A. Live A Mre Healthy Life?
B. Want A Zer-waste Lifestyle?
C. TerraCycle — A Respnsible Cmpany
D. Make Garbage Great — A Key t Success
3
（2023春·天津南开·高三统考阶段练习）Smetimes just when we need the pwer f miracles, they arise in the places we wuld least expect.
On a cld January afternn in 1989, I was climbing Egypt’s Mt. Hreb, hping t get t the peak by sunset t see the valley belw. As I was winding up the narrw path, I’d smetimes see ther hikers wh were cming dwn. While they wuld generally pass with simply a nd r a greeting in anther language, there was ne man wh did neither.
I saw him cming and as he gt clser, I culd see that, unlike ther hikers, he was wearing traditinal Egyptian galabia( 长 袍 ). What made his appearance s strange was that the man didn’t even appear t be Egyptian, but was a small-framed Asian man with little hair and rund glasses.
As we neared ne anther, I said Hell, but nt a sund came frm him. I thught maybe he hadn’t heard me. Suddenly he stpped directly in frnt f me, lked up frm the grund, and spke a single sentence t me in English, “Smetimes yu dn’t knw what yu have lst until yu’ve lst it.” As I tk in what I had just heard, he simply stepped arund me and cntinued his ging dwn.
That mment in my life was a small miracle. The reasn is less abut what the man said but mre abut the timing and the cntext. The year was 1989, and it was during my Egyptian pilgrimage (朝圣), and specifically during my hike t Mt. Hreb, that I’d set the time aside t make decisins that wuld affect my career, my friends, my family, and ultimately, my life.
I had t ask myself what the chances were f an Asian man dressed in an Egyptian galabia cming dwn frm the tp f this histric muntain just when I was walking up, stpping befre me, and ffering his wisdm, seemingly frm ut f nwhere. My answer t my wn questin was easy: nearly n chance! In a meet that lasted less than tw minutes, a ttal stranger had brught smething clear and smething f a warning, regarding the huge changes that I wuld make within a matter f days. In my way f thinking, that’s a miracle.
Miracles are everywhere and ccur every day fr different reasns, in respnse t the different needs that we may have in the mment. Our jb may be less abut questining the extrardinary things that happen in ur daily lives and mre abut accepting the gifts they bring.
9. Befre the Asian man spke, hw did the authr think abut him?
A. He was very rude and strange.
B. He was different frm thers.
C. He was shy and nd t strangers.
D. He lked rdinary and was talkative.
10. Why did the authr make a pilgrimage t Mt Hreb in Egypt ?
A. He was in search f a miracle in his life.
B. It was a place fr a religius persn t head fr.
C. He intended t make arrangements fr his future life.
D. He waited patiently in expectatin f meeting a wise persn.
11. What des the underlined part “my wn questin” refer t in paragraph 6 ?
A. Fr what reasn did the man stp befre me ?
B. Why did the Asian man g t the muntain ?
C. What change wuld I make within a matter f days ?
D. What was the prbability that thers tld us the right wrds ?
12. Why did the authr view the meet with the Asian man as a miracle in his life?
A. Because the Asian man’s appearance had a deciding effect n his future life.
B. Because his wrds were in perfect respnse t the need he had at that mment.
C. Because what the Asian man said was meaningful in the philsphy f life.
D. Because the Asian man impressed n him the wrth f what he had pssessed.
13. What might be the best title fr the passage ?
A. Can yu recgnize a miracle?B. Is a miracle significant t us?
C. When might a miracle ccur?D. Why d we need a miracle?
4
（2023·安徽安庆·安庆一中校考模拟预测）Rivers are the veins f the Earth, transprting the water and nutrients (营养物) needed t supprt the planet’s ecsystems, including human life. While many nutrients are essential t the survival f life, there is ne element transprted by water in rivers that hlds the key t life and t the future f ur planet — carbn.
Carbn is everywhere and understanding the way it mves and is either released r stred by the Earth system is a cmplex science in itself. Carbn starts its jurney dwnstream when natural acid rain, which cntains carbn dixide frm the atmsphere, melts minerals in rcks. This helps transfrm carbn dixide t bicarbnate (碳酸氢盐) in the water that then flws in ur rivers. This is a very lng prcess, which is ne f the main ways carbn dixide is remved frm the atmsphere. Carbn is transprted by rivers t ceans and nce that carbn reaches the cean, it is stred naturally in deep sea sediments (沉淀物) fr millins f years.
As carbn travels dwn a river, different prcesses may impact whether it cntinues t flw dwnstream r whether it is released int the atmsphere. Fr example, human engineering, like extensive dam cnstructin, will result in dramatic changes t hw water and sediments travel dwn the river. Sme carbn that fails t reach the sea may return t the atmsphere in sme way, which causes mre warming.
Earth’s climate is clsely related t the carbn cycle. We all knw abut the essential rle f plants in cnsuming carbn dixide, but d we knw enugh abut rivers? Changing the chemistry and the curse f rivers may have significant impacts n hw they transprt carbn. Remember: wherever we live, we all live dwnstream.
14. Where is the carbn in rivers riginally frm?
A. The atmsphere.B. The rcks.
C. The acid rain.D. The upstream areas.
15. Why is human engineering mentined in Paragraph 3?
A. T shw hw imprtant t life carbn is.
B. T explain hw necessary it is t build dams.
C. T shw hw a natural prcess is interrupted.
D. T explain hw humans fight glbal warming.
16. What des the authr want t cnvey in the last paragraph?
A. We’d better mve upstream t live.
B. We shuld prtect plants alng rivers.
C. We’d better seek mre help frm plants.
D. We shuld be cautius abut river management.
17. What is the best title fr the text?
A. What Humans D with Rivers
B. Hw Rivers’ Transprting Carbn Cunts
C. What the Carbn Cycle Means t Us
D. Hw Living Dwnstream Affects the Earth
5
（2023秋·重庆万州·高三重庆市万州第二高级中学校考阶段练习）Curisity is what drives us t keep learning, keep trying, keep pushing frward. But hw des ne generate (产生) curisity, in neself r thers? Gerge Lewenstein, a prfessr f psychlgy at Carnegie Melln University, ffered an answer in the classic1994 paper, “The Psychlgy f Curisity.”
Curisity arises, Lewenstein wrte, “when attentin becmes fcused n a gap in ne's knwledge. Such infrmatin gaps prduce the feeling f deprivatin (匮乏) labeled curisity. The curius individual is mtivated t btain the missing infrmatin t reduce the feeling f deprivatin.” Lewenstein's thery helps explain why curisity is such a frce: it's nt nly a mental state but als an emtin, a pwerful feeling that drives us frward.
Scientist Daniel Willingham ntes that teachers are ften “s eager t get t the answer that we d nt devte enugh time t develping the questin.” Yet it's the questin that stimulates (刺激) curisity; being tld an answer stps curisity befre it can even get ging.
In his 1994 paper, Gerge Lewenstein nted that curisity requires sme basic knwledge. We're nt curius abut smething we knw abslutely nthing abut. But as sn as we knw even a little bit, ur curisity is arused and we want t learn mre. In fact, research shws that curisity increases with knwledge: the mre we knw, the mre we want t knw. T get this prcess started, Lewenstein suggests, take steps with sme interesting but incmplete infrmatin.
Language teachers have lng used cmmunicatin in exercises that pen an infrmatin gap and then require learners t cmmunicate with each ther in rder t fill it. Fr example, ne student might be given a series f pictures fr the beginning f the stry, while the student's partner is given a series f pictures shwing hw that same stry ends. Only by speaking with each ther (in the freign language they are learning, f curse) can the students fill in each thers' infrmatin gaps.
18. When ne ntices a gap in his knwledge, he .
A. desires t fill it
B. tends t be afraid
C. might get tired and sad
D. will becme fcused n his learning
19. What des Daniel Willingham imply in the article?
A. Answers are mre imprtant than questins.
B. Teachers shuld be eager t get t the answer.
C. Teachers knw hw t stimulate students’ curisity.
D. Teachers are partly t blame fr students’ hating schl.
20. Accrding t Gerge Lewenstein’s paper, curisity abut smething ccurs nly when yu .
A. have read a lt f bksB. knw little abut smething
C. have sme related infrmatinD. are given incmplete infrmatin
21. What is the article mainly abut?
A. Why students hate schl.
B. Why curisity is imprtant.
C. Hw t stimulate curisity.
D. What makes peple hungry fr knwledge.
6
（2023秋·吉林长春·高三长春市第五中学校考期末）One f the mst ppular beliefs in parenting is the s﹣called Mzart effect， which says that listening t music by the Austrian cmpser Wlfgang Mzart can increase a child's intelligence. Sme pregnant wmen have even gne s far as t play Mzart recrdings n headphnes pressed against their bellies. And it's nt hard t see hw Mzart's name became assciated with accelerated develpment. He was histry's greatest child genius， perfrming astnishing music fr kings and queens at an age when many f us were cntent with tuneless singing "I'm a Little Teapt".
S， if yu have kids r yu're expecting t have them， hw seriusly shuld yu take the Mzart effect？ Will the child wh desn't listen t Mzart in the cradle （摇篮） be limited t an rdinary life？ Are yu a bad parent if yur kids dn't knw abut any wrks f Mzart？
Relax. There is n scientific evidence that listening t Mzart imprves children's cgnitive abilities. The whle idea cmes frm a small study dne in 1993， which fund that cllege students wh listened t Mzart's Snata fr Tw Pians in D Majr （K 448）shwed sme imprvement in a test f spatial （空间的） skills. This finding was later described as smething extremely amazing by a musician， Dn Campbell， in a bk. Campbell's claims abut the super pwers f Mzart's music were repeated endlessly in the media and fueled a craze fr Mzart﹣based enrichment activities. In 1998， fr example， the gvernr f Gergia in the USA requested funds t send classical﹣music CDs t all parents f newbrns in the state.
Since then， scientists have examined the claim that Mzart increases intelligence and fund n evidence fr it. The riginal experiment with cllege students was reviewed in 1999， and the increase in the students' spatial skills was fund t be negligible. In 2007 the German Federal Ministry f Educatin and Research asked a team f experts t examine the scientific literature regarding Mzart and child develpment， and they fund n reasn t believe that it increased intelligence.
22. Peple relate Mzart t children's intelligence develpment because he .
A. wned extrardinary music talent.
B. culd perfrm music as a child.
C. ffered music t pregnant wmen.
D. was an ryal Austrian cmpser.
23. What can we knw abut the small study in 1993？
A. It added t the ppularity f Mzart's music.
B. It fund n evidence fr supprting Mzart effect.
C. It helped cllege students make academic prgress.
D. It urged Gergia's gvernr t spread classical music.
24. What des the underlined wrd "negligible" prbably mean？
A. Sudden. B. Insignificant. C. Average. D. Steady.
25. What can be the best title fr the text？
A. New Findings： Mzart Effect t Be Prved.
B. Secrets Uncvered： Histry f Mzart Effect.
C. Des Listening t Mzart Make Kids Smarter？
D. Hw Des Mzart Imprve Kids' Intelligence？
7
（2023·陕西渭南·统考一模）When I was a student at St. Jseph’s University, I began t spend time n the streets f Philadelphia, getting t knw the men and wmen fr whm these streets were their nly hme. The mre I develped relatinships with them and the mre I gt t knw them, the harder it became t head hme at night while they remained utside.
In this jurney, I have had many great teachers --- including Gergianna Simmns, wh lst nine f her tes t frstbite (冻伤), and Je Williams, with a cllege degree, wh runs a rescue center fr hmeless men.
I’ve been ding this wrk fr mre than thirty years. Peple wh have nthing have taught me s much abut life. The lessn they have taught me is that peple wh are hmeless need the same chances we all need: husing, educatin, emplyment, and healthcare. Cntrary t ur sciety, which values thse it believes prductive and rich and ften ignres thse wh struggle with hmelessness, I believe that every man, wman, and child has gifts. Everyne matters!
Therefre, I wrk fr a sciety in which each persn is given the chances and resurces t achieve their fullest ptential (潜力). I als believe that ur greatest pwer is released when peple cme tgether acrss scial bundaries (边界) t frm a cmmunity. It is thrugh “the pwer f us ” that we cme t knw the deepest truth f ur humanity. This is what I truly believe, “Nne f us are truly hme until all f us are hme.”
26. Which f the fllwing is true abut the authr after he knew mre abut the hmeless?
A. He wanted t make friends with them.B. He admired the life they were living.
C. He decided t live n the streets.D. He felt great pity fr them.
27. What can we learn abut Je Williams?
A. He has made studies n the hmeless.
B. He has been hmeless fr a lng time.
C. He has dne smething gd fr the hmeless.
D. He has taken care f the hmeless at his hme.
28. What can be learned frm Paragraph 3?
A. The hmeless are taken seriusly by the gvernment.
B. We shuld prvide huses fr the hmeless.
C. The hmeless have fewer chances than us.
D. The number f the hmeless is increasing.
29. Which culd be the best title fr the text?
A. Everyne matters
B. Hw the hmeless live
C. The best way t help the hmeless
D. What we shuld d t help urselves
8
（2023春·重庆江北·高三重庆十八中校考开学考试）Smething strange has been happening t me lately: Wmen in the street have been telling me I'm brave.
My act f curage isn't much-I just stpped clring my hair. I had brwn hair that started ging gray when I was 30. S, like a lt f wmen, I started dyeing (染)it. It was expensive and time-cnsuming. And my hair grws fast, s I needed t g back t the hair saln(美发厅) every 5 weeks.
Many peple seem t enjy hlding nt their yuth fr as lng as pssible, giving ff the impressin that they dn' t have much wisdm r many accmplishments. But ur hair starts t turn gray and suddenly we start spending $500 r mre a year t cver smething ur male clleagues dn’t need t cver.
Of curse, Peple shuld d what they want with their wn bdy -my mther is 91 and still has "blnd" hair, and why nt? I just wish mre f us wuld feel that it was OK t be urselves, because ging gray has dne mre fr me than saving me time and mney.
I like my natural hair, just as it is. I like hw it has gt curly and full again. It is recvering after years f being damaged by chemicals. I als like that it has given me sme needed attitude in a sciety that makes yuth seem s imprtant, while being against maturity. It reminds me that I'm nt a kid anymre - and this isn't a bad thing. Nt being a kid anymre means I read the bks I want, and nt the bks i feel I shuld read. It means nt wasting my time at events I dn' t need t attend when I’d rather be with my family and friends.
When I see my hair in the mirrr, it's a reminder that my time is limited, and I shuld spend it ding what matters. There's nthing shameful abut grwing lder And pretending it's nt happening is a way f giving up ur pwer.
I see my gray hair as a little act f rebellin(反叛)against the idea that peple lse value as they age, instead f gaining it. I see gray hair as my "flag" and I'm letting it fly prudly.
30. Hw des the authr feel abut clring hair?
A. It shws peple’s great curage.
B. It is a gd way t hld nt yuth.
C. It shws wisdm and accmplishments.
D. It is nt wrth the time and mney spent n it.
31. What shuld we d when we grw ld accrding t the authr?
A. Give up ur pwer.
B. Pretend t be still yung.
C. Accept it and act psitively.
D. Read as many bks as pssible.
32. What is the authrs main purpse in writing this passage?
A. T explain why yuth is valued.
B. T share her pinin n grwing lder.
C. T stress the imprtance f different attitudes.
D. T analyze the advantages and disadvantages f aging.
33. Which can be the best title fr the passage?
A. Hlding Ont Yuth
B. Dyeing Yur Hair
C. Gaining Value With Age
D. Valuing Wisdm Of Age
9
（2023秋·陕西西安·高三西安市铁一中学校考期末）Leftver again? Hurray
Here’s the deal: Yu’re as hungry as a hrse and yu want a delicius meal frm a fine restaurant, but yu’re a little lw n funds.
S what d yu d? If yu happen t live in Eurpe, the answer is as easy as pie: Yu pull ut yur smartphne r tablet, and tap T Gd T G, Eurpe’s mst ppular app. Apprximately 23,000 restaurants and fd sellers pst their leftver fferings n the app fr half their usual cst.
Why all this incredible genersity? Unbelievably, ne-third f the wrld’s fd is thrwn away, and nearly ne billin peple dn’t have enugh t eat. Besides, burning wasted fd releases harmful carbn dixide emissins int the atmsphere, which cntributes t climate change. That’s why envirnment-minded cmpanies arund the wrld are creating apps fr phnes, tablets, and ther smart devices that cnnect uneaten fd with peple wh want r need it.
After a lng day at wrk, Anne, a 34-year-ld student, pulls ut her smartphne and chses a ndle dish—pasta with mushrms. Then she heads t a restaurant n the banks f the Spree River, where the wner packs her dinner and als ffers her a scp f free ice cream, which is a reward fr bringing her wn cntainer.
Indeed, there are many prgrams serving the same missin arund the wrld. In America, peple are using an app called Fd fr All. One hur befre a restaurant clses, its staff can pst leftver meals t the app fr up t 80 percent ff menu prices. The app als allws custmers t dnate leftver meals t thers.
In the Netherlands, 77,000 peple have dwnladed an app called NFdWasted. This prgram allws grcery stre wrkers t share prducts that are appraching their expiratin dates with custmers wh might need them.
Sme cuntries are taking their cmmitment t reducing fd waste a step further. France and the Czech Republic, fr example, have laws that prhibit restaurants and grcery stres frm thrwing away fd. Instead, wrkers are required t dnate that fd t charity.
S think abut if there might be a better use fr yur uneaten vegetables. The planet will thank yu.
34. What is this passage mainly abut?
A. Restaurants can pst leftver meals n the app Fd fr All.
B. Apps are designed cnnecting leftver fd with peple in need.
C. Stres share fd appraching their expiratin dates with custmers.
D. It’s ppular fr peple t claim fd that might therwise be thrwn away.
35. What is the result when lts f fd is thrwn ut and later burned up?
A. Carbn dixide is given ff, wrsening the prblem f climate change.
B. Sme cuntries have laws making restaurants dnate the fd they make.
C. Gvernments have made many apps that let peple find cheap meals.
D. Nearly ne billin peple n the planet d nt get enugh fd t eat.
36. What can yu infer frm the passage?
A. Anne packed a tasty pasta and mushrm dish t give away t charity.
B. The restaurant Anne visits sells its leftver fd at a discunt each day.
C. The 80-percent-ff deal ffered n app is nt available during lunch hurs.
D. Laws have been passed t prevent restaurants frm thrwing ut leftver fd.
37. This passage wuld be mst useful fr a student research prject n _____.
A. applicatin f technlgy t help slve the prblem f leftver fd
B. laws t help prmte the safe transprtatin and sale f fd prducts
C. restaurants using high-tech slutins t reduce packaging waste
D. methds t design apps that cnnect restaurants with custmers
10
（2023春·四川泸州·高三四川省泸县第一中学校考开学考试）Traveling by subway can smetimes be quite an adventure, especially during rush hur. There are the times when yu have t avid cups f cffee that culd spill (溅) n yu. The smells f sme passengers’ fd are very strng, t. Accrding t the Beijing subway passenger regulatins, which went int effect n May 15th, passengers except babies and the sick are n lnger allwed t eat r drink n the subway. Vilatrs (违反者) wh d nt stp after being asked t will be asked t get ff. The vilatin will als be recrded in the vilatrs’ credit recrd.
Sme supprt the rule. The reasn is that the smell f fd and drink can anny ther passengers. “The smell f fd fills the carriage, causing peple discmfrt, especially in the ht summer, Besides, eating n the subway prduces rubbish. And n subway trains, peple ften spill their drinks,” said Zheng Yiu, 17, a student frm Hefei.
Hwever, thers questin this rule. “Sme citizens live s far frm their wrk places that they have limited time t have breakfast befre they g t wrk. Eating while they travel saves them time and decreases the chance that they will be late fr wrk,” He Snglin, a 17-year-ld student frm Chengdu said, “And sme peple, like thse with lw- bld sugar levels, get sick if they can’t eat when they must.”
Other Chinese cities like Nanjing and Chengdu have similar regulatins. Sme freign cities als ban eating and drinking n the subway. Fr example, eating and drinking have lng been banned n the subway in Washingtn DC. Singapre fines peple wh eat r drink n the subway up t 500 Singapre dllars, which is RMB 2,417 yuan.
Chen Yanyan, a prfessr frm Beijing University f Technlgy, believed we shuld cnsider the need f sme peple t eat r drink n the subway. “Cmmuters (上班族) and travelers are smetimes t busy t eat. Maybe we culd learn frm Tky, where there are many subway statins equipped with services, allwing passengers t eat and drink,” she said.
38. In which city was subway passenger regulatins carried ut n May 15th?
A. Chengdu.B. Nanjing.
C. Washingtn DC. D. Beijing.
39. What’s the punishment fr the passengers wh break the rules in Singapre?
A. Eating n the subway.B. Drinking n the subway.
C. Being fined up t 2417 yuan.D. Being asked t get ff the train.
40. What is Chen Yanyan’s attitude t eating r drinking n the subway?
A. Wrried.B. Sympathetic.
C. Dubtful.D. Uninterested
41. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. Fd and Drink Banned n Subway.
B. The Adventure f Subway Traveling
C. Ways t Eat and Drink n Subway.
D. The Services n Subway Statins
11
（2023秋·湖南常德·高三校联考期末）Fr Western designers, China and its rich culture have lng been an inspiratin fr Western creative.
“It’s n secret that China has always been a surce(来源) f inspiratin fr designers,” says Amanda Hill, chief creative fficer at A+E Netwrks, a glbal media cmpany and hme t sme f the biggest fashin(时尚) shws.
Earlier this year, the China Thrugh A Lking Glass exhibitin in New Yrk exhibited 140 pieces f China-inspired fashinable clthing alngside Chinese wrks f art, with the aim f explring the influence f Chinese aesthetics(美学) n Western fashin and hw China has fueled the fashinable imaginatin fr centuries. The exhibitin had recrd attendance, shwing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
“China is impssible t verlk,” says Hill. “Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld, which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin — they are central t its mvement.” Of curse, nt nly are tday’s tp Western designers being influenced by China—sme f the best designers f cntemprary fashin are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu are taking n Gallian, Albaz, Marc Jacbs—and beating them hands dwn in design and sales,” adds Hill.
Fr Hill, it is impssible nt t talk abut China as the leading player when discussing fashin. “The mst famus designers are Chinese, s are the mdels, and s are the cnsumers,” she says. “China is n lnger just anther market; in many senses it has becme the market. If yu talk abut fashin tday, yu are talking abut China—its influences, its directin, its breathtaking clthes, and hw yung designers and mdels are finally acknwledging that in many ways.”
42. What can we learn abut the exhibitin in New Yrk?
A. It prmted the sales f artwrks.B. It attracted a large number f visitrs.
C. It shwed ancient Chinese clthes.D. It aimed t intrduce Chinese mdels.
43. What des Hill say abut Chinese wmen?
A. They are setting the fashin.B. They start many fashin campaigns.
C. They admire super mdels.D. They d business all ver the wrld.
44. What d the underlined wrds “taking n” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning frmB. lking dwn n
C. wrking withD. cmpeting against
45. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Yung Mdels Selling Dreams t the Wrld
B. A Chinese Art Exhibitin Held in New Yrk
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling Internatinal Fashin Trends
12
（2023秋·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学校考期末）Once a circle missed a wedge (楔子). The circle wanted t be whle, s it went arund lking fr its missing piece. But because it was incmplete and therefre culd rll nly very slwly, it admired the flwers alng the way. It chatted with wrms. It enjyed the sunshine. Finally it fund a piece that fit perfectly. It was s happy. Nw that it was a perfect circle, it culd rll very fast, t fast t ntice flwers r talk t the wrms. When it realized hw different the wrld seemed when it rlled s quickly, it stpped, left its fund piece by the side f the rad and rlled slwly away.
In sme strange sense we are mre whle when we are missing smething. The man wh has everything is in sme ways a pr man. He will never knw what it feels like t yearn, t hpe, t nurish(滋润) his sul with the dream f smething better. He will never knw the experience f having smene wh lves him give him smething he has always wanted r never had.
There is whleness abut the persn wh has cme t terms with his limitatins, wh has been brave enugh t let g f his unrealistic dreams and des nt feel like a failure fr ding s. There is whleness abut the man r wman wh has learned that he r she is strng enugh t g thrugh a tragedy(悲剧) and survive — he r she can lse smene and still feel like a cmplete persn.
Life is mre like a baseball seasn, when even the best team lses ne third f its games and even the wrst team has its days f brilliance. Our gal is t win mre games than we lse. When we accept that imperfectin is part f being human, and when we can cntinue rlling thrugh life and appreciate it, we will have achieved whleness that thers can nly lng fr.
46. Which may be an example f being whle?
A. A persn has everything.
B. A persn accepts his r her limitatins.
C. A persn lves smene and is lved.
D. A persn feels blue fr drpping unrealistic gals.
47. Hw is a baseball seasn similar t life?
A. Easy cme, easy g.
B. Failure is the mther f success.
C. Energy and persistence cnquer all things.
D. Sme battles yu win and sme battles yu lse.
48. Hw des the authr clarify his idea?
A. Mainly by cmparing.
B. Mainly by reasning.
C. Mainly by infrming.
D. Mainly by arguing.
49. What can be the best title fr the passage?
A. Pursue perfectin in life
B. Be whle in life
C. Life withut mistakes is whle
D. N pains, n gains
13
（2023·陕西西安·统考一模）Electrnic sensrs built int paper culd be used in a range f ways frm infrmatin strage t tuch screens and mre.
Electrnic sensrs built int cartns（纸盒）may make it easier t tell when it’s time t thrw ut rtten milk r range juice. And that’s just the start. At least that’s the gal fr researchers wrking n putting electrnics int paper. They’re trying t figure ut hw t cmbine the flexibility, lw-cst and recyclability f paper with the infrmatin-carrying ability f electrnics.
Daniel Trbjrk, a physics graduate student in Finland, has been wrking n the prblem. He’s published a review f the field in the jurnal Advanced Materials.
Much research has been fcused in this area. While mst electrnic applicatins require patterned cnducting structures, cnductive paper culd be used in applicatins such as energy strage devices, sensrs, electric heaters and thers, accrding t Trbjrk.
“Yu culd even have sme interactive functins in magazines,” Trbjrk said, “Yu culd put a simple game in a package. If yu want a tuch screen, press a buttn and then smething happen. Sensrs in paper culd tell us when smething has gne bad.”
Additinal applicatins, such as infrmatin strage and security paper, have been suggested fr magnetic papers cntaining magnetite. In Massachusetts, researchers have figured ut hw t pst a vide f such a device put int a paper airplane.
German researchers have als put electrnic chips in paper bank ntes t defend cunter-feiters（造伪币者）. Paper is a gd material but printing electrnics als requires lw-cst manufacturing. As many US and Eurpean paper makers lse market share t cheaper paper frm China, these big paper cmpanies are lking fr added value prducts. That’s where electrnic paper devices culd make a difference.
“The majr bstacles are paper’s large surface rughness and chemical impurities.” Trbjrk says. But thers in the field think that electrnic sensrs in paper are still far frm the cnsumer marketplace.
“I dn’t think it’s ging t happen.” said Ry Hrgan. “Yu need a cnductive surface. It culd be 10 years ut. What we are lking fr are slutins that yu can cmmercialize tday.”
Slar Print is partnering with Italian autmaker Fiat t develp a unique aut-glass with tiny phtstatic cells（光电）that can capture electricity frm the sun. In the meantime, using paper t cnduct electricity is still a “blue-sky” prject.
“I wuld lve t see smene prve me wrng, because that means that it’s actually happening.” Hrgan said. “If smene cmes up with cnductive paper, then that’s a very interesting technlgy.”
50. Putting electrnics int paper will ________.
A. cut the cst and impurity f paper
B. depend n flexible cnductive structure
C. help cnsume rtten milk r range juice
D. cmbine the advantages f paper and electrnics
51. Paragraphs 4 t 7 mainly talk abut the ________ f the cnductive paper.
A. practical useB. theries
C. structuresD. design prcess
52. Sme paper makers welcme the new technlgy prbably because it will ________.
A. put an end t fake mneyB. make the paper smther
C. add mre value t paperD. imprve the printing technlgy
53. Frm the passage, we knw that Ry Hrgan ________.
A. has a burning desire t make a great prfit
B. shwed much interest in Slar Print industry
C. is nt cnfident abut the cnductive paper
D. started a “blue-sky” prject t study paper
14
（2023·广东江门·新会陈经纶中学校考三模）The meaning f silence varies amng cultural grups.Silences may be thughtful, r they may be empty when a persn has nthing t say. A silence in a cnversatin may als shw stubbrnness, uneasiness, r wrry. Silence may be viewed by sme cultural grups as extremely uncmfrtable; therefre attempts may be made t fill every gap(间隙) with cnversatin. Persns in ther cultural grups value silence and view it as necessary fr understanding a persn's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part f cmmunicating amng peple, just as sme traditinal Chinese and Thai persns d. Therefre, when a persn frm ne f these cultures is speaking and suddenly stps, what may be implied(暗示) is that the persn wants the listener t cnsider what has been said befre cntinuing.In these cultures, silence is a call fr reflectin.
Other cultures may use silence in ther ways, particularly when dealing with cnflicts amng peple r in relatinships f peple with different amunts f pwer. Fr example, Russian, French, and Spanish persns may use silence t shw agreement between parties abut the tpic under discussin. Hwever, Mexicans may use silence when instructins are given by a persn in authrity rather than be rude t that persn by arguing with him r her. In still anther use, persns in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign f respect, particularly t an elder r a persn in authrity.
Nurses and ther care-givers need t be aware f the pssible meanings f silence when they cme acrss the persnal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses shuld recgnize their wn persnal and cultural cnstructin f silence s that a patient’s silence is nt interrupted t early r allwed t g n unnecessarily. A nurse wh understands the healing(治愈) value f silence can use this understanding t assist in the care f patients frm their wn and frm ther cultures.
54. What des the authr say abut silence in cnversatins?
A. It implies anger.
B. It prmtes friendship.
C. It is culture-specific.
D. It is cntent-based.
55. Which f the fllwing peple might regard silence as a call fr careful thught?
A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians.
56. What des the authr advise nurses t d abut silence?
A. Let it cntinue as the patient pleases.
B. Break it while treating patients.
C. Evaluate its harm t patients.
D. Make use f its healing effects.
57. What may be the best title fr the text?
A. Sund and Silence
B. What It Means t Be Silent
C. Silence t Native Americans
D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gld
15
（2023·云南曲靖·高三曲靖一中校考阶段练习）A rainfrest is an area cvered by tall trees with the ttal high rainfall spreading quite equally thrugh the year and the temperature rarely dipping belw l6℃. Rainfrests have a great effect n the wrld envirnment because they can take in heat frm the sun and adjust the climate. Withut the frest cver，these areas wuld reflect mre heat int the atmsphere，warming the rest f the wrld. Lsing the rainfrests may als influence wind and rainfall patterns，ptentially causing certain natural disasters all ver the wrld.
In the past hundred years，humans have begun destrying rainfrests in search f three majr resurces（资源）：land fr crps，wd fr paper and ther prducts，land fr raising farm animals. This actin affects the envirnment as a whle. Fr example，a lt f carbn dixide（二氧化碳）in the air cmes frm burning the rainfrests. Peple bviusly have a need fr the resurces we gain frm cutting trees but we will suffer much mre than we will benefit.There are tw main reasns fr this. Firstly，when peple cut dwn trees，generally they can nly use the land fr a year r tw. Secndly，cutting large sectins f rainfrests may prvide a gd supply f wd right nw，but in the lng run it actually reduces the wrld’s wd supply.
Rainfrests are ften called the wrld’s drug stre. Mre than 25％ f the medicines we use tday cme frm plants in rainfrests. Hwever，fewer than l％f rainfrest plants have been examined fr their medical value. It is extremely likely that ur best chance t cure diseases lies smewhere in the wrld’s shrinking rainfrests.
58. Rainfrests can help t adjust the climate because they
A. reflect mre heat int the atmsphere
B. bring abut high rainfall thrughut the wrld
C. rarely cause the temperature t drp lwer than l6℃
D. reduce the effect f heat frm the sun n the earth
59. What des the wrd “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer t?
A. We will lse much mre than we can gain.
B. Humans have begun destrying rainfrests.
C. Peple have a strng desire fr resurces.
D. Much carbn dixide cmes frm burning rainfrests.
60. It can be inferred frm the text that
A. we can get enugh resurces withut rainfrests
B. there is great medicine ptential in rainfrests
C. we will grw fewer kinds f crps in the gained land
D. the level f annual rainfall affects wind patterns
61. What might be the best title fr the text?
A. Hw t Save Rainfrests
B. Hw t Prtect Nature
C. Rainfrests and the Envirnment
D. Rainfrests and Medical Develpment题型
特点
解题技巧
主题类(内容)
考查文章或段落的主旨大意
找主题句四窍门:
(1)段落中出现表示转折的词语(如hwever, but, in fact, actually等)时, 该句很可能是主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时, 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意识地重复的观点, 通常是主旨; 反复出现的词语, 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefre, thus, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin等词。
标题类
要求考生选出文章的最佳标题
文章标题三特点:
(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子, 短语居多;
(2)短小精悍, 精确性强;
(3)涵盖性强, 能覆盖全文大意。
转折词
如but，hwever，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。
总结词
如therefre，thus，in shrt，cnclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。
疑问句
若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。
A
对不同植物的一项新研究。原文中提到对绿色植物的研究，但不是该段的主旨。
以偏概全
断章取义
B
犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降来证明的是绿色植物的好处，故混淆主次。
以偏概全
断章取义
C
来自不同工作场所的员工。虽涉及工作场所的员工，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主题。
以偏概全
生搬硬套
D
绿色植物的好处。本段主旨就是列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人类的好处。该项是对本段内容的精炼总结和概括
涵盖性强，
覆盖全段
关键词法
反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词
主题句法
根据文章主题句，确定中心词充当标题
穿珠连串法
分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定标题
逆向法
根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项