2024年五年级英语(译林三起)暑期复习讲义第9讲:名词_zip
展开名词
教学目标:
1、熟练掌握名词的分类
2、可数名词单复数变化
3、不可数名词表示方式和名词所有格
1.找出下列单词中不同类的那一个。
( ) B.handbag C.schlbag D.bx
( ) B.rain C.wind D.sunny
( ) B.farmer C.wrk D.nurse
( ) B.winter C.spring D.autumn
( ) B.mnth C.day D.May
( ) B.peas C.cabbage D.healthy
( ) B.head C.leg D.bk
( ) B.party C.sccer D.ping-png
答案:
1. 1-5 ADCAD 6-8 DDB
【知识梳理】
考点一 名词的分类
名词是表示人或事物名称的词,它分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词,有单数和复数之分;不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,没有复数形式。
词条
用法
例词
普
通
名
词
可
数
名
词
个
体
名
词
表示个体的人或事物的词
bk,desk,table,bike,plane
集
体
名
词
表示一群人或一些事物的词
family,class,plice,team, grup
不
可
数
名
词
物
质
名
词
表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词
glass,water,air,paper,wd
抽
象
名
词
表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词
danger,health,lve,success, interest
专有名词
表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词
Alice,Canada,the Great Wall
考点二 名词的数
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词:
1)不可数名词
无法分开的东西:water, tea, bread, milk, rice
抽象的东西:lve, beauty, cldness
不可数名词有以下特点:
不能用a, an修饰;
不能加s;
和单数be动词或动词搭配。
2)可数名词
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s。名词复数共有以下几种变化:
• 规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells bk→bks
规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fx→fxes church→churches, bus→buses, watch→watches
规则3 以结尾+s或+es e.g. ptat→ptates, Negr→Negres, her→heres, tmat→tmates,(口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加s, radi→radis
规则4 以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves, shelf→shelves, city→cities, wife→wives
规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies fly→flies
• 不规则变化的名词复数形式
man(men) wman(wmen) ft(feet) gse(geese) tth(teeth)
child(children) sheep(sheep) deer(deer) muse(mice) fish(fish)
2.不可数名词量的表达
不可数名词计量时,用“基数词/不定冠词+表示数量的名词+f+不可数名词”表示,数词决定表示数量的名词的单/复数形式。
a glass f milk 一杯牛奶 a cup f tea 一杯茶
a piece f news一则新闻 tw bwls f rice两碗米饭
tw pairs f glasses两副眼镜 three pieces f advice三条建议
【巩固练习】
一、用单词正确形式填空
1.There are many beautiful ___________ (leaf) in autumn.
2.Culd yu see ________ (star) at night?
3.I see a few ___________ (tmat) in the basket.
4.My uncle is a basketball _________ (play).
5.Hw many _____ (tmat) are there in the basket?
6.I am hungry. Give me sme _________ (bread), please.
7.__________ Sam __________ (have) any __________ (snack)?
8.She wants sme _______ (vegetable), please.
9.__________ (Mike) mther is a writer. She writes __________ (stry) fr children.
10.—Wuld yu like ________ (any) (bread)?
—Yes, please.
二、按要求填空
用单词的适当形式填空。
minute hmewrk d wash ride
11.There are sixty ___________ in an hur.
12.Yu have t d yur ___________.
13.Hw many minutes ___________ Danny exercise?
14.Lk! Jenny is ___________ her hair.
15.Tmrrw I ___________ a bike.
填写正确的冠词和复数形式。
16.____ dg _________
17.____ elephant _________
18.____ hrse _________
19.____ panda _________
20.____ lin _________
1.leaves
2.stars
3.tmates
4.player
5.tmates
6.bread
7. Des have snacks
8.vegetables
9. Mike’s stries
10.sme bread
11.minutes
12.hmewrk
13.des
14.washing
15.am ging t ride
16. a dgs
17. an elephants
18. a hrses
19. a pandas
20. a lins
考点三 名词所有格
名词所有格的构成方式有以下三种:’s形式的所有格、f短语构成的所有格和双重所有格。
1.’s形式的所有格
用法
示例
一般单数名词后加“‘s”
my brther’s bag
我弟弟的书包
以s结尾的复数名词后加“‘”
my parents’ hpe
我父母的希望
如果一个事物为两个人共同所有,则只在最后一个名词后加“‘s”;如果不是共同所有,则两个名词后都加“‘s”。
Bb and Bill’s father
鲍勃和比尔的爸爸
Jim’s and Bill’s mthers
吉姆的妈妈和比尔的妈妈
有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构以及无生命事物的名词也可以加“‘s”或“‘”构成所有格。
tday’s newspaper
今天的报纸
five minutes’ walk
五分钟的路程
在表示“某人家”“店铺”的名词后,一般省略它所修饰的名词
at the dctr’s在诊所里
at the barber’s在理发店里
2.f短语构成的所有格
(1)没有生命的名词一般用f短语来表示所有关系。
This is a map f Japan.这是一幅日本地图。
(2)当有生命的名词的定语较长时,也可以用f短语来表示所有关系。
The mvie f the ld kind wman is mving. 这位善良的老妇人的电影很感人。
【巧记口诀】
名词所有格的用法
英语名词所有格,表示某物是“谁的”,
巧记构成有方法,多数要把“‘s”加,
复数有s作词尾,只加“‘”就OK,
名词若为无生命,常把f来运用,
时间、地点和距离,“‘s”运用也许可。
3.双重所有格
表示所属物的名词前有冠词(a,an)、数词(ne,tw ...)、非确定特指的限定词(sme,any,a few ...)、物主代词(my,yur ...)或指示限定词(this,that,these,thse)时,常用“f+所有格/名词性物主代词”的形式,即双重所有格来表示所有关系。
Bb is a friend f Tm’s.鲍勃是汤姆的一位朋友。
These are sme pictures f mine. 这些是我的一些照片。
【巩固练习】
一、单选题
1.This is my ______ dress. ( )
A.mtherB.mther'sC.mthers
2.—_____ English bk is it? ( )
—It's _____.
A.Whes; Jill'sB.Wh; JillC.Whse; JillD.Whse; Jill's
3.When is yur _____ birthday? ( )
A.mthers'B.mther' sC.Mther's
4._____ birthday is in April. ( )
A.AliceB.AlicesC.Alice's
5.________ father is talking. ( )
A.PeterB.Peter'sC.Peters'
6.He wants t visit _______ new hme. ( )
A.Su Hai’sB.Su HaiC.Su Hais’
7.The rabbit’s tail is ______ than the ______. ( )
A.shrter; hrse’sB.shrt; hrse’sC.shrter; hrse
8.—What’s yur ________ jb? ( )
—He is a driver.
A.fatherB.father’sC.mther’s
9.It’s _______ cap. ( )
A.Kim’sB.KimC.Li Ming
10.My legs are lnger than _____. ( )
A.MikeB.Mike’sC.Mikes’
二、用单词正确形式填空
11.A: Are they yur friends?
B: N, they're ______ (Helen).
12.—Des _______ (Bbby) arm hurt?
—Yes, it des.
13._____ (Mike) mther is a nurse.
14.This is the _____ (teacher) ffice. Miss Green is in it.
15.When is yur _____ (father) birthday?
1.B
2.D
3.B
4.C
5.B
6.A
7.A
8.B
9.A
10.B
11.Helen's
12.Bbby's
13.Mike’s
14.teachers’
15.father’s
考点四 名词的语法作用
作定语
(1)名词作定语一般用单数形式。
There is an apple tree in ur yard. 在我们院子里有一棵苹果树。
(2)man,wman用于名词前作定语时,其形式与所修饰的名词一致,即man,wman后用单数名词,men,wmen后用复数名词。
They are all men teachers. 他们都是男教师。
A wman dctr is sitting in the rm. 有个女医生正坐在房间里。
(3)个别名词用复数形式作定语。
Our sprts meeting was put ff because f the heavy rain. 因为大雨我们的运动会被推迟了。
【巧记口诀】
名词作定语,一般用单数,男人(man),女人(wman)跟着变,个别名词用复数。
课堂练习
一、单选题
1.This is my ______ dress. ( )
A.mtherB.mther'sC.mthers
2.We have a lt f ______. ( )
A.animalB.animalsC.cw
3.—What day is it tday? ( )
—It’s______.
A.TuesdayB.MusicC.PE
4.There is lts f _______ in winter. ( )
A.teachB.snwC.vacatin
5.Hell! I'm Rse. I'm a _________. ( )
A.girlB.girlsC.by
6.Hw many _________ are there in yur class? ( )
A.studentB.studentsC.apple
7.There are seventeen ______ n the farm. ( )
A.hrsesB.pigC.cw
8.My legs are lnger than _____. ( )
A.MikeB.Mike’sC.Mikes’
9.These bys are talking abut their _________. ( )
A.hbbyB.a hbbyC.hbbies
10.I have tw ________. ( )
A.ftB.feetC.fts
二、用单词正确形式填空
11.________ (class) start at 8 ’clck in the mrning.
12.Yur _____ (ft) are bigger than mine.
13.The ______ (stry) are very interesting.
14.—Bbby and Sam _________ (be) gd _________ (朋友).
—I’m _________ (they) gd _________ (friend).
15.My uncle is a basketball _________ (play).
16.Smke frm ______ (factry) ______ (make) the air dirty.
17.I am hungry. Give me sme _________ (bread), please.
18.At that time, there were n ________ (gym) in his schl.
19.My fish is smaller than ______ (Sarah).
20.Cinderella’s sisters put n the new __________ (dress).
三、补全句子
21.There are many _______ (电脑) in the rm.
22.M Yan is a great w______.
23.Mnica and Flra are frm Berlin. They are G___________.
24._______ (五班的男孩) are playing basketball.
25.She usually has sme _____ (水果) every day.
26.Jack is frm _________ (加拿大).
27.The w_______ n the bus g rund and rund.
28.That man is my _________ (父亲).
29.C______ start at 8 ’clck in the mrning.
30.Cinderella __________ __________ (穿上) the new__________ (衣服) and new shes.
四、按要求填空
将下列单词的复数形式改成单数形式。
31.dctrs ________
32.cities ________
33.pians ________
34.ears ________
35.churches ________
36.leaves ________
1.B
2.B
3.A
4.B
5.A
6.B
7.A
8.B
9.C
10.B
11.Classes
12.feet
13.stries
14. are friends their friend
15.player
16. factries makes
17.bread
18.gyms
19.Sarah’s
20.dresses
21.cmputers
22.writer##riter
23.Germans
24.Bys frm Class 5
25.fruit
26.Canada
27.wheels##heels
28.father
29.Classes##lasses
30. puts n clthes
31.dctr
32.city
33.pian
34.ear
35.church
36.leaf
强化练习
一、单选题
1.—Hw many _______ d yu have this term? ( )
—We have five.
A.lessnsB.subjectC.subjects
2.There are tw _______ at the traffic lights. ( )
A.plicemanB.plicemenC.plicemans
3.There are six ______ and fur ______ in the fridge. ( )
A.tmates; ptatesB.tmats; ptatesC.tmates; ptats
4.I can see many _______. ( )
A.plicesB.plicemansC.plicemen
5.I’m hungry. I’d like a ________. ( )
A.riceB.sandwichC.ndles
6.These _______ are _______ my sister.
A.mang, frB.manges, frC.manges, t
7.I like ______. I have a chclate ______. ( )
A.a cake; cakeB.cakes; cakeC.cakes; cakes
8.I like ________. They’re fat and cute. ( )
A.linsB.a tigerC.pandas
9.Lk at this ______. I like ______. ( )
A.an elephant; elephantsB.elephant; elephantsC.elephant; elephant
10.We dn’t have any ______. ( )
A.grapesB.mangC.banana
二、词形转换
写出下列名词的复数形式。
11.bus______
12.mang______
13.pht______
14.knife______
15.study______
16.baby (复数) __________
17.cw (复数) __________
18.they (单数) __________
19.ne (序数词) __________
20.gd (同义词) __________
21.class (复数) ________
22.she (形容词性物主代词) ________
23.Bbby (名词所有格) ________
24.d nt (缩略形式) ________
25.flwer (复数形式) ________
三、用单词正确形式填空
26.—Hw many _____ (dress) can yu see?
—Five.
27.The ______ (ck) are frm China. They are s great!
28.We shuld brush ur ________ (tth) every day.
29.—Here are yur ______ (面条) and tw ______ (鸡蛋).
—Thanks.
30.In winter (冬天), Helen and Wang Bing can g t make ______ (snwman).
31.What clur are Jim’s ty lin’s ______ (eye)?
32.Tina just wuld like tw ______ (glass) f juice and sme cakes.
33.Lk! Thse are nice ______ (sandwich) n the table.
34.We can mve sme ______ (factry) away frm ur city.
35.We have sme visitrs in ur schl. They cme frm different _____ (city).
36.Yu shuld put the eggs in different _________. (bx)
37.Yur ______ (idea) are great. Well dne, class!
四、补全句子
38.I have a p_____ with my friends in the park.
39.The umbrella utside the shp is ne f the ______. (孩子)
40.Peple in China usually eat n_____ n their birthdays. Peple in the West usually eat a birthday cake.
41.There are sme beautiful flwers in the g_____.
五、看图完成句子
42.We have 50 pairs f s_____ in the shp.
43.I’d like a cup f t_____, please.
44.—Hw many ______ are there in the fridge?
—There are ______.
45.We have sme __________ fr lunch.
46.Shh! Dn't talk. There's a __________ under the tree.
47.I have tw cute ty ________
1.C
2.B
3.A
4.C
5.B
6.B
7.B
8.C
9.B
10.A
11.buses
12.manges
13.phts
14.knives
15.studies
16.babies
17.cws
18.he / she / it
19.first
20.well
21.classes
22.her
23.Bbby’s
24.dn’t
25.flwers
26.dresses
27.cks
28.teeth
29. ndles eggs
30.snwmen
31.eyes
32.glasses
33.sandwiches
34.factries
35.cities
36.bxes
37.ideas
38.picnic##icnic
39.children‘s
40.ndles##dles
41.garden##arden
42.scks##cks
43.tea##ea
44. ptates six
45.fish
46.tiger
47.tigers
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