2024年广东省梅州市兴宁一中高考英语质检试卷（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2024年广东省梅州市兴宁一中高考英语质检试卷（含详细答案解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
If yu are planning t start a career in the field f educatin，science，r culture，then an internship（实习） at UNESCO will be ideal fr yu.
Wh can apply？
Yu have cmpleted yur full-time university studies；r yu are studying in a graduate prgram fr a master's degree.
Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year f their studies in a technical institutin.
What are the requirements？
Yu must be at least 20 years ld.
Yu shuld have a gd cmmand（掌握）f either English r French.
Yu must have an excellent knwledge f ffice-related sftware.
Yu shuld be able t wrk well in a team and adapt t an internatinal wrking envirnment.
Yu shuld pssess strng interpersnal and cmmunicatin skills.
What d yu need t prepare？
Visa：Yu shuld btain the necessary visas.
Travel：Yu must arrange and finance yur travel t and frm the lcatin where yu will d yur internship.
Medical insurance：Yu must shw prf f a cmprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the target cuntry fr the entire perid f the internship.UNESCO will prvide limited insurance cverage up t USD30，000 fr the internship perid.
Medical certificate：Yu must prvide a medical certificate indicating yu are fit t wrk.
Mtivatin letter：Yu shuld have yur mtivatin letter ready befre filling ut the applicatin frm.Yur applicatin will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in ur database fr six mnths.We d nt respnd t every candidate.If selected，yu will be cntacted by a manager.If yu d nt receive any update within six mnths，it means that yur applicatin has nt been successful.
1.Accrding t this passage，applicants are required t ______ .
A. hld a master's degree in science
B. have internatinal wrk experience
C. be fluent in either English r French
D. present a letter frm a technical institutin
2.What will UNESCO prvide fr the internship perid？ ______
A. Limited medical insurance cverage.
B. Training in cmmunicatin skills.
C. A medical certificate fr wrk.
D. Financial supprt fr travel.
3.What shuld applicants d befre filling ut the applicatin frm？ ______
A. Cntact UNESCO managers.B. Get access t the database.
C. Keep a mtivatin letter at hand.D. Wrk in a team fr six mnths.
B
My friend never did well in schl but always had a sharp eye fr beauty.One day I was busy arranging sme flwers in a vase but just culdn't get them t lk right.She came alng，and with a few skillful waves f her hand，transfrmed them int a stunning buquet.When praised fr having this amazing ability，she shrugged ff the cmpliment.She simply didn't view her creativity as anything special.
T ften we underestimate ur wn talents in this way.Maybe it's because we've becme used t believing that nly abilities like a high I.Q.，a gift fr mathematics r a large vcabulary have cgnitive （认知的） value.I was frtunate t learn therwise at a yung age.
When I entered high schl，a guidance cunselr tld my mther I wasn't cllege material because I had perfrmed miserably n the spelling sectin f a standardized test.Thankfully my mther recgnized my ther intellectual （智力的） gifts and std up fr me，insisting I be put int the cllege-track curriculum.This experience literally defined the curse f my life.It shwed me hw imprtant it is nt t accept a label smene else put n me and it allwed me t realize my full ptential.
In the early 1980's，Hward Gardner，a prminent Harvard researcher，pineered a cncept f "multiple intelligences".In his bk，Frames f Mind：The Thery f Multiple Intelligences，he suggested that intelligence is nt limited t a traditinal interpretatin but instead includes a wide range f cgnitive abilities.
What I lve abut the multiple intelligences thery is that it allws yu t reframe yur wn abilities and talents，especially thse that dn't necessarily fit int neat academic bxes.While it's true ne must meet a basic level f intelligence fr achievement，the analytical skills measured by nt tell the whle stry.This is why we shuld celebrate all f ur talents and abilities.They're part f what makes yur individual brain s wnderful and unique.
4.Whse ability is prbably underestimated accrding t the authr？ ______
A. A child wh has a large vcabulary.
B. A child wh is gd at building Leg blcks.
C. A child wh has an easy time learning hw t multiply.
D. A child wh quickly fits int academic learning prcess.
5.What des "therwise" underlined in paragraph 2 refer t？ ______
A. It suited me well t take cllege-track curses.
B. Intelligence can be interpreted by varius abilities.
C. Spelling ability in a standardized test is f great value.
D. A high n sense in realizing my full ptential.
6.Why did the authr mentin Hward Gardner's bk？ ______
A. T intrduce a new tpic.B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T recmmend the bk.D. T supprt his pinin.
7.Which can be a suitable title fr the text？ ______
A. Change Yur Cgnitive Value
B. Develp Yur Academic Ability
C. Appreciate Yur Multiple Intelligences
D. Explre the Thery f Multiple Intelligences
C
When American anthrplgist Clin Turnbull published The Muntain Peple in 1972，he referred t his subjects —a Ugandan grup called the Ik —as "the lveless peple." After tw years f bservatins，he decided that they reflected humanity's basic instincts：cheat，thievery，and pitilessness.But when Athena Aktipis and her clleagues frm the Human Genersity Prject tk a deeper lk，they identified a cmmunity that shared everything. "Turnbull had visited Uganda during a disastrus famine （饥荒）.All he saw is what happens when peple are starving." says Aktipis.But her team revealed that despite living under pressure，the Ik placed a high value n helping ne anther when they culd.
Aktipis believes that altruism is mre cmmn and beneficial than evlutinary scial science has lng thught. "It was assumed that peple are designed t nly d things t help themselves r their relatives." she says.By studying the unique，selfless practices that helped nine cmmunities acrss the wrld t cntinue t exist，the experts frm the Prject are lking t shw that we are indeed capable f widespread cperatin.
The Maasai peple in Kenya prvide ne f the prject's main pints.They rely n tw-way friendships fr resurces like fd r water when they're in need，withut expecting any repayment.Als，a wrld away，in New Mexic，while flks ften help transprt cattle and receive supprt in return，they will assist withut repayment if smene faces difficulties，such as an injury r the death f a lved ne.
Aktipis believes theretical framewrks she's perfected thrugh studying these grups can apply bradly t any interdependent systems.Her big gal is t design scial-service systems that supprt everyne.Take market-based insurance in the United States as an example：It's priced based n individual risk factrs such as health histries and where peple live，which means millins f Americans can't affrd it.But in a system built n neighbring，pled （合并） csts wuld level the burden during cllective hardship like natural disasters and pandemics.
8.What did Turnbull think f the Ik peple？ ______
A. Heartless.B. Helpful.C. Restless.D. Generus.
9.What des the underlined wrd "altruism" in paragraph 2 prbably mean？ ______
A. Trying t be strng and tugh t survive.
B. Making full use f the surrunding resurces.
C. Being devted t themselves r their relatives.
D. Caring abut the needs and happiness f thers.
10.What des paragraph 3 intend t cnvey？ ______
A. Friendships guarantee a well-being life.
B. Flks assist each ther t get supprt.
C. Cperatin is a gd and natural instinct.
D. Peple tend t prvide resurces fr free.
11.Hw des Aktipis intend t apply her findings？ ______
A. By designing a plicy fr public health.
B. By mnitring individual health histries.
C. By creating a system against cllective hardship.
D. By lwering insurance prices fr individual victims.
D
Our species' incredible capacity t quickly acquire wrds frm 300 by age 2 t ver 1，000 by age 4 isn't fully understd.Sme cgnitive scientists and linguists have therized that peple are brn with built-in expectatins and lgical cnstraints（约束） that make this pssible.Nw，hwever，machine-learning research is shwing that preprgrammed assumptins aren't necessary t swiftly pick up wrd meanings frm minimal data.
A team f scientists has successfully trained a basic artificial intelligence mdel t match images t wrds using just 61 hurs f naturalistic ftage（镜头） and sund—previusly cllected frm a child named Sam in 2013 and 2014.Althugh it's a small slice f a child's life，it was apparently enugh t prmpt the AI t figure ut what certain wrds mean.
The findings suggest that language acquisitin culd be simpler than previusly thught.Maybe children"dn't need a custm-built，high-class language-specific mechanism"t efficiently grasp wrd meanings，says Jessica Sullivan，an assciate prfessr f psychlgy at Skid mre Cllege."This is a really beautiful study，"she says，because it ffers evidence that simple infrmatin frm a child's wrldview is rich enugh t kick-start pattern recgnitin and wrd cmprehensin.
The new study als demnstrates that it's pssible fr machines t learn similarly t the way that humans d.Large language mdels are trained n enrmus amunts f data that can include billins and smetimes trillins f wrd cmbinatins.Humans get by n rders f magnitude less infrmatin，says the paper's lead authr Wai Keen Vng.With the right type f data，that gap between machine and human learning culd narrw dramatically.
Yet additinal study is necessary in certain aspects f the new research.Fr ne，the scientists acknwledge that their findings dn't prve hw children acquire wrds.Mrever，the study nly fcused n recgnizing the wrds fr physical bjects.
Still，it's a step tward a deeper understanding f ur wn mind，which can ultimately help us imprve human educatin，says Eva Prtelance，a cmputatinal linguistics researcher.She ntes that AI research can als bring clarity t lng-unanswered questins abut urselves."We can use these mdels in a gd way，t benefit science and sciety，"Prtelance adds.
12.What is a significant finding f machine-learning research？ ______
A. Vcabulary increases gradually with age.
B. Vcabulary can be acquired frm minimal data.
C. Language acquisitin is tied t built-in expectatins.
D. Language acquisitin is as cmplex as frmerly assumed.
13.What des the underlined wrd "prmpt" in paragraph 2 mean？ ______
A. Facilitate.B. Persuade.C. Advise.D. Expect.
14.What is discussed abut the new research in paragraph 5？ ______
A. Its limitatins.B. Its strengths.
C. Its uniqueness.D. Its prcess.
15.What is Eva Prtelance's attitude t the AI research？ ______
A. Dubtful.B. Cautius.C. Dismissive.D. Psitive.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
After building sme "standard"carg bikes，（1） ______ ，this time with smething very special.I wanted t build an ideal carg bike cmbining the stability f a three-wheeler with the pssibility t change directins like being n tw wheels.
The first step was t d extensive research（2） ______ .An incredible surce f technical inspiratin was the nline Tilting Grup.Althugh primarily-cncerned with tilting（倾斜） cncepts f engine driven cnstructins，the grup is surely the best place t find infrmatin abut cnstructing a tilter.
After researching and utlining a few ideas，I grabbed sme parts and started with a very simple prttype（雏形）.Building such a vehicle needs a high degree f accuracy，which was nt the case with my prttype（3） ______ .S I made a few mre sketches（草图），which led t an imprved versin f the driving and tilting mechanism.
Then I started building the tricycle.Building the structure was quite straightfrward.As usual I tk an ld bike apart fr the back triangle and then added the frnt part.After adding a carg basket t the structure，（4） ______ .
Nw came the hard part：the driving mechanism.I started with the usual design used fr tw-wheel carg bikes，but it tk me quite sme time t figure ut hw t pass the driving frce t bth wheels withut allwing the whle thing t lck itself in any angle（5） ______ ， but I'm sure I can use the knwledge I gained ne way r anther.
A.The prject was demanding
B.I decided t get my hands dirty again
C.I fell in lve with three-wheeler bikes
D.I put all the parts tgether fr the first time
E.It tk me quite sme time t understand the ideas behind it
F.The engine driven cnstructins were always the mst difficult t fix
D.The cnsequence was that the driving mechanism lcked itself ccasinally
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
While taking a 20-hur train ride alng the edge f the Taklimakan Desert in nrthwestern China，I had the kind f humbling，educatinal，and abve all else，wnderful（1） ______ with a lcal that all travelers lng fr.A yung Chinese man （2） ______ me n the train.My（3） ______ friend spke virtually n English，s I happily tk the（4） ______ t practice my Chinese.
Over several hurs he wuld tell me abut hw he had（5） ______ a tw year prfessinal schl t quickly find a jb （6） ______ highways in rder t help supprt his family.Perhaps mst（7） ______ .hwever，was the fact that this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr.Withut batting an eye he wuld（8） ______ a translated Emersn passage befre asking abut the literary influence f American（9） ______ as a whle."And what d yu all learn abut Russian authrs？"I（10） ______ hi m asking at ne pint.
It wuld have been easy t（11） ______ my assumptins abut this highway build er wh had never been mre than a few hundred miles frm hme.But this highly infrmed，（ 12） ______ ，and admirable persn prevented me ding s .In the curse f a cuple f hurs，he（13） ______ me just hw much ne can gain frm（14） ______ with an pen mind，and a willingness t（15） ______ with lcals frm all walks f life.
21.A. experimentB. encunterC. cmpetitinD. appintment
22.A. treatedB. savedC. lecturedD. apprached
23.A. trueB. s-calledC. newD. lng-lst
24.A. chanceB. adviceC. trubleD. right
25.A. visitedB. financedC. attendedD. funded
26.A. buildingB. sweepingC. checkingD. guarding
27.A. typicalB. bviusC. naturalD. remarkable
28.A. publishB. quteC. cpyD. dwnlad
29.A. writersB. histriansC. wrkersD. students
30.A. anticipateB. imagineC. recallD. catch
31.A. lk intB. rely nC. g verD. deal with
32.A. well-behavedB. multi-skilledC. warm-heartedD. self-educated
33.A. askedB. warnedC. shwedD. prmised
34.A. travelingB. readingC. searchingD. teaching
35.A. cperateB. sideC. negtiateD. engage
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.The Yinxu Museum pens in Anyang，Henan prvince，t display the brilliance f the 3，000-year-ld Shang civilizatin.
Nearly 4，000 unearthed cultural relics are displayed in the museum.Mre than three quarters f these have never been （1） ______ （ public） exhibited befre.The 23 vehicles unearthed frm Yinxu are the （2） ______ （ highlight） in the new galleries.Als n display （3） ______ （ be） Shang relics cllected frm acrss the rest f present-day China.
The Yinxu Ruins，（ 4） ______ （ list） as a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site in 2006，hsted a later perid Shang capital city.The site als prduced rich findings f 3，300-year-ld bnes，（ 5） ______ （ reveal） the ldest-knwn established writing system f Chinese characters，（ 6） ______ are extrardinary and serve as a vital link in the develpment f the Chinese natin.
Many key breakthrughs （7） ______ （ make） in recent years at the Yinxu site and its surrunding areas.Fr example，（ 8） ______ urban rad system and the remains f an artificial lake in the ryal temple area were fund.
These discveries further displayed a grand picture f a capital city （9） ______ carried frward the prject f tracking the rigins f the Chinese civilizatin.Thrugh the exhibits，the public can cmprehensively understand the achievements made by the Shang Dynasty in terms （10） ______ plitics，ecnmy，agriculture，military affairs，amng thers.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。
37.又到凤凰花开时，又是一年毕业季。你校英文报正在举行以"校园最美瞬间"为主题的征文活动，请你按照以下要点写一篇短文投稿：
（1）你的回忆；
（2）你的感受。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式作答。
The Mst Beautiful Mment n Campus________
38.Every Octber，my neighbrhd has a Hallween cstume cntest.And every Octber，my neighbr Ollie and I race t the annuncement bard in the park t find ut the theme.One year，the theme was "Dress up as yur favrite bk character." Anther year，it was "Be smething scary." But this year，the theme was kind f，well，themeless.
"Be creative？" I said，reading the annuncement bard. "That's nt really a theme，is it？"
Ollie hpped ff his skatebard s t get a clser lk. "Yu're right，" he agreed. "I think my favrite theme ever was 'Superheres'.I lved my Super-Frce Flying Eagles cstume s much，I kept that thing hanging in my clse t fr years!"
"My favrite theme was 'Farm Animals'." I giggled. "Remember hw yu insisted n being a Stegsaurus （剑龙）？"
"When I was five，dinsaurs were my wrld." Ollie laughed. "I wuld have lved t see a Stegsaurus ut grazing with the cws."
"Nw that's the creative spirit we need fr this challenge!" I said. "Maybe，since we dn't knw exactly what we want t be yet，we shuld start by chsing sme cl cstume-making materials. "
"I've gt it!" Ollie said，scping up a bunch f fallen leaves.
"Really？" I said. "Yu're ging t make an entire cstume ut f leaves？"
"Why nt？" he said，scping up sme mre.
"They're ttally free，and I can guarantee，n ne will be a tree as great as me."
"Dn't yu mean，a tree as great as we？" I grinned.
"Um，first，that grammar desn't sund right，" said Ollie. "And secnd，n way!Think f yur wn creative ideas."
"Aw，cme n，" I said. "Yu shuld be flattered that I like yur idea s much.Plus，I just thught f the perfect way t make branches."
Finally，Ollie said OK.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1：
We ended up filling tw jumb bags with different kinds f leaves.
Paragraph 2：
Then the big mment came.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、A、C
【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据What are the requirements？部分的Yu shuld have a gd cmmand （掌握） f either English r French（你应该精通英语或法语）可知，申请者必须精通英语或法语。故选C。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据What d yu need t prepare？部分的UNESCO will prvide limited insurance cverage up t USD 30，000 fr the internship perid（联合国教科文组织将为实习期间提供不超过3万美元的有限保险）可知，教科文组织为实习期间提供有限的医疗保险。故选A。
（3）C.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的Yu shuld have yur mtivatin letter ready befre filling ut the applicatin frm（在填写申请表之前，你应该准备好你的动机信）可知，在填写申请表之前，申请人应将动机信放在手边。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是联合国教科文组织的实习项目。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
4~7.【答案】B、B、B、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Maybe it's because we've becme used t believing that nly abilities like a high I.Q.，a gift fr mathematics r a large vcabulary have cgnitive （认知的） value.（也许这是因为我们已经习惯于相信，只有高智商、数学天赋或大词汇量等能力才具有认知价值。）和第一段的"he simply didn't view her creativity as anything special.（她只是不认为自己的创造力有什么特别的。）可知，一个擅长搭乐高积木的孩子并不是我们习惯上认知的在学习方面很有才能的孩子，他有着自己独特的创造力，他的能力很可能被人们低估了。故选B。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第三段It shwed me hw imprtant it is nt t accept a label smene else put n me and it allwed me t realize my full ptential.（它告诉我，不接受别人给我的标签是多么重要，它让我意识到我的全部潜力。）和第四段In his bk，Frames f Mind：The Thery f Multiple Intelligences，he suggested that intelligence is nt limited t a traditinal interpretatin but instead includes a wide range f cgnitive abilities.（在他的《思维框架：多元智能理论》一书中，他提出，智能不局限于传统的解释，而是包括广泛的认知能力。）并结合划线词所在句I was frtunate t learn therwise at a yung age.（幸运的是，我在很小的时候就学会了 therwise。）可知，作者很小就懂得了智力不是只局限于传统的学习方面的能力，而是可以用各种能力来诠释的。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段In the early 1980's，Hward Gardner，a prminent Harvard researcher，pineered a cncept f "multiple intelligences". （20世纪80年代初，哈佛大学著名研究员Hward Gardner率先提出了"多元智能"的概念。）及在书中阐述的In his bk，Frames f Mind：The Thery f Multiple Intelligences，he suggested that intelligence is nt limited t a traditinal interpretatin but instead includes a wide range f cgnitive abilities.（在他的《思维框架：多元智能理论》一书中，他提出，智能不局限于传统的解释，而是包括广泛的认知能力。）可知，作者提到Hward Gardener的书是为了阐明"多元智能"的概念。A．T intrduce a new tpic.引入一个新的话题；B．T clarify a cncept.澄清一个概念；C．T recmmend the bk.推荐这本书；D．T supprt his pinin.来支持他的观点。故选B。
（4）标题归纳题。根据最后一段What I lve abut the multiple intelligences thery is that it allws yu t reframe yur wn abilities and talents，especially thse that dn't necessarily fit int neat academic bxes. （我喜欢多元智能理论的原因是，它可以让你重新构建自己的能力和天赋，尤其是那些不一定符合整齐的学术框架的能力和天赋。）及This is why we shuld celebrate all f ur talents and abilities.They're part f what makes yur individual brain s wnderful and unique.（这就是为什么我们应该赞美我们所有的天赋和能力，它们是让你的大脑如此美妙和独特的原因之一。）以及全文内容可知，本文主要表达了我们应该欣赏和赞美所拥有的各种天赋和能力的观点，C．Appreciate Yur Multiple Intelligences"欣赏你的多元智能"符合文意。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历，表达了自己的观点：虽然一个人智力水平和学术成绩很重要，但这并不能说明一切，我们应该欣赏和赞美我们所拥有的各种天赋和能力，它们是让我们的大脑如此美妙和独特的原因之一。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】A、D、C、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中When American anthrplgist Clin Turnbull published The Muntain Peple in 1972，he referred t his subjects — a Ugandan grup called the Ik — as "the lveless peple."（当美国人类学家Clin Turnbull在1972年出版The Muntain Peple时，他把他的研究对象——一个叫做Ik的乌干达群体——称为"无爱的人"）可知，Turnbull认为Ik人很无情，故选A。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第一段末句But her team revealed that despite living under pressure，the Ik placed a high value n helping ne anther when they culd.（但她的团队透露，尽管生活在压力之下，但Ik人非常重视在可能的情况下互相帮助）及划线词下文It was assumed that peple are designed t nly d things t help themselves r their relatives.（人们被认为只会做有利于自己或亲人的事情）可知划线词所在句意为"Aktipis认为，利他主义比进化社会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有益"，altruism意为"关心他人的需求和幸福"。A.Trying t be strng and tugh t survive.努力变得坚强和坚韧来生存；B.Making full use f the surrunding resurces.充分利用周边资源；C.Being devted t themselves r their relatives.对他们自己或他们的亲属忠诚；D.Caring abut the needs and happiness f thers.关心他人的需求和幸福。故选D。
（3）段落大意题。根据第三段The Maasai peple in Kenya prvide ne f the prject's main pints.They rely n tw-way friendships fr resurces like fd r water when they're in need，withut expecting any repayment.Als，a wrld away，in New Mexic，while flks ften help transprt cattle and receive supprt in return，they will assist withut repayment if smene faces difficulties，such as an injury r the death f a lved ne.（肯尼亚的马赛人提供了该项目的主要观点之一。当他们需要食物或水等资源时，他们依靠双向友谊，而不期望任何回报。另外，在另一个世界的新墨西哥州，虽然人们经常帮助运输牲畜并获得支持作为回报，但如果有人遇到困难，比如亲人受伤或死亡，他们会无偿提供帮助）可知，本段旨在通过两个例子表明，合作是一种良好而自然的本能，故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中Aktipis believes theretical framewrks she's perfected thrugh studying these grups can apply bradly t any interdependent systems.Her big gal is t design scial-service systems that supprt everyne.Take market-based insurance in the United States as an example：It's priced based n individual risk factrs such as health histries and where peple live，which means millins f Americans can't affrd it.But in a system built n neighbring，pled （合并） csts wuld level the burden during cllective hardship like natural disasters and pandemics.（Aktipis认为，她通过研究这些群体而完善的理论框架可以广泛应用于任何相互依赖的系统。她的大目标是设计支持所有人的社会服务系统。以美国基于市场的保险为例：它的定价基于个人风险因素，如健康史和人们居住的地方，这意味着数百万美国人负担不起。但在一个建立在相邻基础上的系统中，在自然灾害和流行病等集体困难时期，集中成本将会拉平负担。）可知，Aktipis打算通过建立一个对抗集体困难的制度来应用她的发现，故选C。
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述Athena Aktipis通过研究一个乌干达群体Ik人发现，他们非常重视互相帮助，Aktipis认为利他主义比进化社会科学长期以来认为的更为普遍和有益，可以通过合作建立一个对抗集体困难的制度。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
12~15.【答案】B、A、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第二段A team f scientists has successfully trained a basic artificial intelligence mdel t match images t wrds using just 61 hurs f naturalistic ftage（镜头） and sund—previusly cllected frm a child named Sam in 2013 and 2014.（一个科学家团队成功地训练了一个基本的人工智能模型，仅使用61小时的自然镜头和声音就可以将图像与单词匹配起来---这些镜头和声音之前是在2013年和2014年从一个名叫萨姆的孩子那里收集的。）可知机器学习研究的一个重要发现是，词汇可以从最少的数据中获得。故答案为B。
（2）猜测词义题。根据文章第二段A team f scientists has successfully trained a basic artificial intelligence mdel t match images t wrds using just 61 hurs f naturalistic ftage（镜头） and sund—previusly cllected frm a child named Sam in 2013 and 2014.Althugh it's a small slice f a child's life，it was apparently enugh t prmpt the AI t figure ut what certain wrds mean.（一个科学家团队成功地训练了一个基本的人工智能模型，仅使用61小时的自然镜头和声音就可以将图像与单词匹配起来---这些镜头和声音之前是在2013年和2014年从一个名叫萨姆的孩子那里收集的。尽管这只是孩子生活中的一小部分，但显然足以促使人工智能理解某些单词的意思。）可知prmpt的意思是"促使"。A.Facilitate促使；B.Persuade说服；C.Advise建议；D.Expect期盼。故答案为A。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第五段Yet additinal study is necessary in certain aspects f the new research.Fr ne，the scientists acknwledge that their findings dn't prve hw children acquire wrds.Mrever，the study nly fcused n recgnizing the wrds fr physical bjects.（然而，在新研究的某些方面还需要进一步的研究。首先，科学家承认他们的发现并不能证明儿童是如何习得单词的。此外，这项研究只专注于识别物理对象的单词。）可知第5段讨论的是关于新研究的局限性。故答案为A。
（4）观点态度题。根据文章最后一段Still，it's a step tward a deeper understanding f ur wn mind，which can ultimately help us imprve human educatin，says Eva Prtelance，a cmputatinal linguistics researcher.She ntes that AI research can als bring clarity t lng-unanswered questins abut urselves."We can use these mdels in a gd way，t benefit science and sciety，"Prtelance adds.（计算语言学研究员伊娃•波特兰斯说，尽管如此，这是朝着更深入地了解我们自己的思想迈出的一步，这最终可以帮助我们改善人类教育。她指出，人工智能研究还可以澄清关于我们自己的长期未解问题。"我们可以很好地利用这些模型，造福科学和社会，"波特兰斯补充道。）可知伊娃•波特兰斯对人工智能研究的态度是积极的。故答案为D。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了一个科学家团队成功地训练了一个基本的人工智能模型，仅使用61小时的自然镜头和声音就可以将图像与单词匹配起来。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】C、E、A、D、F
【解析】（1）联系下文题。根据下文I wanted t build an ideal carg bike cmbining the stability f a three-wheeler with the pssibility t change directins like being n tw wheels.（我想造一辆理想的货运自行车，既有三轮自行车的稳定性，又有像两个轮子一样改变方向的可能性。）可知我想制造一辆三轮自行车。因此C.I fell in lve with three-wheeler bikes（我爱上了三轮自行车）符合语境。故选C。
（2）联系上文题。根据上文The first step was t d extensive research（第一步是做广泛的研究。）可知我花很多时间去研究。因此E.It tk me quite sme time t understand the ideas behind it（我花了很长时间才理解其背后的想法）符合语境。故选E。
（3）联系上文题。根据上文Building such a vehicle needs a high degree f accuracy，which was nt the case with my prttype（制造这样一辆车需要很高的精确度，而我的原型车却不是这样。）可知这件事有很大的难度。因此A.The prject was demanding（这个项目要求很高）符合语境。故选A。
（4）联系上文题。根据上文Building the structure was quite straightfrward.As usual I tk an ld bike apart fr the back triangle and then added the frnt part.（建造这个结构非常简单。像往常一样，我把一辆旧自行车拆开得到了后三角，然后加上前三角。）可知我在安装所有的零件。因此D.I put all the parts tgether fr the first time（我第一次把所有零件组装在一起）符合语境。故选D。
（5）联系上文题。根据上文Nw came the hard part：the driving mechanism.I started with the usual design used fr tw-wheel carg bikes，but it tk me quite sme time t figure ut hw t pass the driving frce t bth wheels withut allwing the whle thing t lck itself in any angle（现在到了困难的部分：驱动机制。我从两轮货运自行车的常用设计开始，但我花了相当长的时间才弄清楚如何将驱动力传递给两个车轮，而不允许整个东西在任何角度锁定自己）可知驱动的结构很难安装。因此F.The engine driven cnstructins were always the mst difficult t fix（发动机驱动的结构总是最难安装的）符合语境。故选F。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者安装三轮自行车的过程。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、D、C、A、C、A、D、B、A、C、B、D、C、A、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.experiment实验；B.encunter偶遇；C.cmpetitin比赛；D.appintment约会。句意：当我沿着中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，我有了一种谦卑的、有教育意义的，最重要的是，所有旅行者都渴望的与当地人的奇妙相遇。根据空后with a lcal that all travelers lng fr.可知所有旅行者都渴望的与当地人的奇妙相遇。故答案为B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.treated对待；B.saved节省；C.lectured做演讲；D.apprached靠近。句意：一个年轻的中国男人在火车上向我走来。根据下句I happily tk the（4）t practice my Chinese可知我高兴地抓住机会练习我的中文。说明一个年轻的中国男人在火车上向我走来。故答案为D。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.true真实的；B.s-called所谓的；C.new新的；D.lng-lst很久不见的。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我高兴地抓住机会练习我的中文。根据上句A yung Chinese man （2）me n the train.可知一个年轻的中国男人在火车上向我走来。说明这是一个新朋友。故答案为C。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.chance机会；B.advice建议；C.truble麻烦；D.right权利。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我高兴地抓住机会练习我的中文。根据上句My（3）friend spke virtually n English可知我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，说明我有机会练习中文了。故答案为A。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.visited参观；B.financed为…提供资金；C.attended参加；D.funded建立。句意：几个小时后，他会告诉我他是如何进入一所为期两年的专业学校，迅速找到一份修建高速公路的工作，以帮助养家。attend schl上学。故答案为C。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.building建造；B.sweeping打扫；C.checking检查；D.guarding守卫。句意：几个小时后，他会告诉我他是如何进入一所为期两年的专业学校，迅速找到一份修建高速公路的工作，以帮助养家。根据空后highways in rder t help supprt his family.可知他迅速找到一份修建高速公路的工作，以帮助养家。故答案为A。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.typical典型的；B.bvius明显的；C.natural自然的；D.remarkable值得注意的。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是，这个人每天在艰苦的体力劳动后花几个小时学习。根据下句this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr.可知这个人每天在艰苦的体力劳动后花几个小时学习。说明这是非常值得注意的。故答案为D。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.publish出版；B.qute引用；C.cpy复制；D.dwnlad下载。句意：在询问美国作家整体的文学影响力之前，他会毫不犹豫地引用爱默生的一段译文。根据空后a translated Emersn passage可知他会毫不犹豫地引用爱默生的一段译文。故答案为B。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.writers作家；B.histrians历史学家；C.wrkers工人；D.students学生。句意：在询问美国作家整体的文学影响力之前，他会毫不犹豫地引用爱默生的一段译文。根据下句And what d yu all learn abut Russian authrs？可知你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少？说明当时在询问美国作家整体的文学影响力。故答案为A。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.anticipate期望；B.imagine想象；C.recall回忆；D.catch抓住。句意：我预料他会问。根据上句And what d yu all learn abut Russian authrs？可知你们对俄罗斯作家了解多少？说明我回想起他问的这个问题。故答案为C。
（11）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.lk int审视；B.rely n依靠；C.g ver复习；D.deal with处理。句意：很容易相信我对这个公路建设者的假设，他从未离家超过几百英里。根据空后my assumptins abut this highway build er wh had never been mre than a few hundred miles frm hme可知很容易相信我对这个公路建设者的假设，他从未离家超过几百英里。故答案为B。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.well-behaved表现良好的；B.multi-skilled多技能的；C.warm-hearted热心的；D.self-educated自学的。句意：但是这个见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这样做。根据前文Perhaps mst（7）.hwever，was the fact that this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr可知然而，也许最值得注意的是，这个人每天在艰苦的体力劳动后花几个小时学习。说明他是自学成才。故答案为D。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.asked要求；B.warned警告；C.shwed展示；D.prmised许诺。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了一个人可以从阅读中获得多少，只要他思想开放，愿意与各行各业的当地人站在一起。根据空后hw much ne can gain frm（14）with an pen mind，and a willingness t（15）with lcals frm all walks f life.可知在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了一个人可以从阅读中获得多少，只要他思想开放，愿意与各行各业的当地人站在一起。故答案为C。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.traveling旅游；B.reading读书；C.searching寻找；D.teaching教。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了一个人可以从阅读中获得多少，只要他思想开放，愿意与各行各业的当地人站在一起。根据前文Perhaps mst（7）.hwever，was the fact that this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr可知然而，也许最值得注意的是，这个人每天在艰苦的体力劳动后花几个小时学习。说明他在旅游中学到了很多，故答案为A。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.cperate合作；B.side站在一边；C.negtiate谈判；D.engage参与。句意：几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了一个人可以从阅读中获得多少，只要他思想开放，愿意与各行各业的当地人站在一起。根据空后with lcals frm all walks f life.可知我愿意与各行各业的当地人站在一起，说明与各行各业的当地人站在一起。故答案为B。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边搭乘火车时，遇到了一位年轻的中国男子，他在火车上和这位男子交谈，了解到他放弃了两年的专业学校，选择了辛苦的工作来支持家人。尽管他每天辛苦劳作，但他仍然花时间学习，并展现出了对文学的浓厚兴趣。这位男子的故事让作者意识到，与不同背景的人交流可以带来很多收获，需要保持开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交流。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】publicly
【小题2】highlights
【小题3】are
【小题4】listed
【小题5】revealing
【小题6】which
【小题7】have been made
【小题8】an
【解析】（1）考查副词。句意：其中四分之三以上从未公开展出过。空白处在句子中作状语，修饰后面的动词，使用副词，故填publicly。
（2）考查可数名词复数。句意：从殷墟出土的23辆车辆是新展馆的亮点。空白处在句子中做表语使用名词，根据上文"23 vehicles（23辆车辆）"可推理出空白处应填名词的复数，故填highlights。
（3）考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：展出的还有从当今中国其他地区收集的商代文物。空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，此处是倒装结构，主语是Shang relics，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are。
（4）考查过去分词。句意：殷墟，2006年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，是商朝后期都城所在地。空白处在句子中作定语，因与其逻辑主语The Yinxu Ruins之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填listed。
（5）考查现在分词。句意：该遗址还发现了3300年前的丰富遗骨，揭示了已知最古老的汉字书写系统，这是非常了不起的，也是中华民族发展史上的重要一环。空白处在句子中作状语，因空白处及下文表示的是一个自然而然的结果，使用现在分词，故填revealing。
（6）考查定语从句。句意：该遗址还发现了3300年前的丰富遗骨，揭示了已知最古老的汉字书写系统，这是非常了不起的，也是中华民族发展史上的重要一环。本句为包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为：writing system f Chinese characters，因先行词在定语从句中做主语指物，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。
（7）考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，殷墟及其周边地区取得了许多重大突破。空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据时间状语in recent years可知句子表示的是一个过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been made。
（8）考查不定冠词。句意：例如，发现了城市道路系统和王宫区人工湖的遗迹。因空白处后面有名词，根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词表示"一个"含义，因空白处后面词urban的第一个发音字母为元音，故填an。
（9）考查连词。句意：这些发现进一步展现了一幅都城宏伟图景，推进了追踪中华文明起源的项目。根据上文"displayed a grand picture f a capital city（展现了一幅都城宏伟图景）"以及下文"carried frward the prject f tracking the rigins f the Chinese civilizatin（推进了追踪中华文明起源的项目）"可知，上下文之间为并列关系，使用表示并列关系的连词，故填and。
（10）考查介词。句意：通过展览，公众可以全面了解商朝在政治、经济、农业、军事等方面取得的成就。in terms f为固定短语，含义为"就……而言"，符合句意，故填f。
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了河南安阳的殷墟博物馆及其所展示的3000年历史的商代文明，以及近年来在殷墟遗址及其周边地区取得的重要考古发现。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
37.【答案】The Mst Beautiful Mment n Campus Frm the trees spruting leaves t the library at sunset，there are many beautiful mments n campus.The mst impressive ne fr me happened in the schl sprts meeting.（引出话题）
In the 800-meter race，I nticed a girl，wh was left far behind，run hard t keep up.【高分句型一】Then she fell dwn accidentally，bleeding frm the knees.【高分句型二】Instead f giving up，she std up and cntinued thugh she almst had n chance t win.That mment tuched me.（回忆）
I realize lvely gardens，clean pathways and splendid buildings d make ur campus nice-lking，but it's the whle schl's behavir that adds its inner and true beauty.（感受）
【解析】高分句型一：In the 800-meter race，I nticed a girl，wh was left far behind，run hard t keep up.
译文：在800米的比赛中，我注意到一个女孩，她远远落在后面，跑得很快。
分析：这句话使用了wh引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Then she fell dwn accidentally，bleeding frm the knees.
译文：然后她不小心摔倒了，膝盖流血不止。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语bleeding frm the knees作状语。
这是一篇提纲类作文。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】We ended up filling tw jumb bags with different kinds f leaves.Oak，maple，and sycamre leaves crunched under ur feet as we cllected them frm the park.【高分句型一】Ollie was right：there was smething thrilling abut the idea f creating a cstume ut f nature's wn supplies.As we walked back t Ollie's huse，ur bags rustling with each step.I culdn't help but feel a surge f excitement fr the upcming cntest.This was ging t be the mst uncnventinal cstume that we'd ever made.【高分句型二】（描写了二人装满叶子后的动作和感受）
Then the big mment came.On the night f the cntest，the park was transfrmed int a clrful spectacle f creativity.As we arrived，we saw pirates，princesses，and even a giant jellyfish made entirely f ballns.Amidst the crwd，Ollie and I std prudly in ur leafy attire.When it was ur turn t present ur cstume，we cnfidently strutted nt the makeshift stage.T ur surprise，the crwd erupted int applause.Our innvative chice paid ff.As we walked hme that night，adrned in ur makeshift tree cstumes，we culdn't stp smiling.Smetimes，the best themes are the nes yu create yurself.（描写了大家看到二人的服装后人们的反应和二人的感受）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开。每年十月，作者的邻居奥利都会举办万圣节服装比赛。今年的主题是创造力。奥利今年要用树叶做一套服装，非常有创意，作者也很喜欢奥利的想法。
高分句型一：Oak，maple，and sycamre leaves crunched under ur feet as we cllected them frm the park.
翻译：当我们从公园里收集橡树、枫树和悬铃木的叶子时，它们在我们的脚下嘎吱作响。
分析：本句运用了as引导的时间状语从句。
高分句型二：This was ging t be the mst uncnventinal cstume that we'd ever made.
翻译：这将是我们做过的最不落俗套的服装。
分析：本句运用了that引导的限制性定语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。