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广东省梅州市兴宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期3月月考英语试题（原卷版+解析版）
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这是一份广东省梅州市兴宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期3月月考英语试题（原卷版+解析版），文件包含广东省梅州市兴宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期3月月考英语试题原卷版docx、广东省梅州市兴宁市第一中学2023-2024学年高二下学期3月月考英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，只交答题卡。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
Kangar Kids
Fall Jump Rpe Wrkshp
Invited: All skill levels, kids ages 6 and up
Skills Taught: Single / Lng Rpe, Speed, and Duble Dutch (交互花式跳绳)
Learn new skills with natinally recgnized jumpers!
Jumpers must be willing t learn and have fun!
Saturday, Nvember 9, 9:00-16:00
Nrth Laurel Cmmunity Center
9411 Whiskey Bttm Rd • Laurel, MD 20723
Participant Fee: $55 by 10/21 ($65 after 10/21)
Judge’s Clinic Fee: $25 by 10/21 ($35 after 10/21)
Hw t Register (register by 10/30)
Use ur nline registratin system fr all event registratins, T-shirt rders; and lunch rders. Please register and pay at httpregistratin. kanagrkids.rg/FallWrkshp. First-time users will create a user accunt t register fr the Fall Wrkshp as a participant. Please create nly ne user accunt per husehld. All members f a family will be part f ne accunt.
NOTE: PLEASE REGISTER AS EARLYAS POSSILE, ASPACE IS LIMITED.
T-shirt Order
Wrkshp T-shirts: $18 rder by 10/18. Shirt Size (please circle during rder): YS/ YM /YL/AS/ AM /AL
Jump rpes, T-shirts, shrts, tennis shes, and water bttles will be available fr sale at the event n Nvember 9. There will be instructrs helping adjust the length f yur jump rpes.
Lunch Order
Subway lunch (sandwich r salad, fruit drinks and ckies): $8, rder by 10/30.
Wrkshp Hurs: 9:00-12:00 and 1:30-4:00
Lunch: 12:00-1:30
1. What is the early bird participant fee?
A. $25.B. $35.C. $55.D. $65.
2. What are family participants asked t d?
A. Bring their wn lunch.B. Create ne registratin accunt.
C. Register fr the same instructr.D. Adjust the length f their jump rpes in advance.
3. When is the deadline fr rdering a T-shirt?
A. 10/18.B. 10/21.C. 10/30.D. 11/9.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一个跳绳比赛的信息，介绍了比赛时间地点以及报名费用等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“Participant Fee: $55 by 10/21 ($65 after 10/21)(参加者费用：10/21前55美元；10/21后65美元)”可知，报名早的参加者费用是55美元。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hw t Register (register by 10/30)部分中“Please create nly ne user accunt per husehld.(请每个家庭只创建一个用户帐户)”可知，家庭参与者被要求创建一个注册账号。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据T-shirt Order部分中“Wrkshp T-shirts: $18, rder by 10/18.(工作坊T恤：$18，10/18前订购)”可知，订购T恤的截止日期是10/18。故选A。
B
As a dctral student, I served as a hstess fr famus authrs and illustratrs when they came t participate in the Ohi State University Children’s Literature Cnference. I hsted such belved creatrs f children’s bks as Nikki Grimes, Jerry Pinkney and James Ransme. I wuld stand at the airprt, hlding ne f their bks and waiting t pick them up and then drive them arund twn t places they needed t g and assist them during autgraph sessins. After graduating frm my university and accepting a psitin at Clemsn University in 2003, I kept in tuch with James Ransme.
In 2005 I received a grant frm the gvernment t cnduct a family-literacy prgram. I wanted t see what wuld happen when I expsed ten African American families with children t bks by and abut African Americans. I prvided each f the families with cpies f seven bks, five f which were illustrated by James.
The families participated in a series f five mnthly wrkshps, and the final event was a presentatin by James and an autgraph sessin with him. I believed this event wuld be a meaningful way t end the prgram, by having a famus illustratr f children’s literature cme and talk abut his wrk, especially because the families and I had read and respnded t several f his bks ver the curse f the five wrkshps.
James’s visit was infrmative and enlightening fr the families. A parent, Ashley, tld me that she sent a nte t her sn’s teacher abut having participated in the prgram and laned her sn’s autgraphed cpies f James’s bks fr the class t read. Lking back ver my career, this family-literacy prgram is ne f the accmplishments f which I am the prudest, and I am especially pleased that James was part f it.
4. Hw did the authr cme int cntact with James?
A. The authr met him by accident at the airprt.
B. The authr went t him t ask fr an autgraph.
C. The authr hsted him when he attended a cnference.
D. The authr was intrduced t him by a university prfessr.
5. What can be learned abut James?
A. He ran mnthly wrkshps.B. He is an African American.
C. He has written seven bks.D. He graduated frm Clemsn University.
6. What did James d fr the family-literacy prgram?
A. He gave a talk t the families.
B. He laned his bks t the families.
C. He respnded t the questins raised by the families.
D. He asked the gvernment t give financial supprt t the families.
7. What is Ashley’s attitude twards James?
A. Dubtful.B. Caring.C. Tlerant.D. Appreciative.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者开展一个家庭扫盲计划，邀请了儿童书籍创作者詹姆斯·兰瑟姆来参加，詹姆斯发表了讲话，鼓励了很多家庭。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a dctral student, I served as a hstess fr famus authrs and illustratrs when they came t participate in the Ohi State University Children’s Literature Cnference. I hsted such belved creatrs f children’s bks as Nikki Grimes, Jerry Pinkney and James Ransme.(在读博士期间，我为前来参加俄亥俄州立大学儿童文学大会的著名作家和插画家担任主持人。我邀请了尼基·格莱姆斯、杰里·平克尼和詹姆斯·兰瑟姆等受人喜爱的儿童书籍创作者)”可知，当James参加会议时，是作者接待了他，从而接触。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“I wanted t see what wuld happen when I expsed ten African American families with children t bks by and abut African Americans. I prvided each f the families with cpies f seven bks, five f which were illustrated by James.(我想看看当我让十个有孩子的非裔美国家庭阅读非裔美国人写的和关于非裔美国人的书时会发生什么。我给每个家庭提供了七本书，其中五本是詹姆斯的插图)”可知，James是一个非裔美国人。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The families participated in a series f five mnthly wrkshps, and the final event was a presentatin by James and an autgraph sessin with him. I believed this event wuld be a meaningful way t end the prgram, by having a famus illustratr f children’s literature cme and talk abut his wrk, especially because the families and I had read and respnded t several f his bks ver the curse f the five wrkshps.(这些家庭参加了一系列每月五个的研讨会，最后的活动是詹姆斯的演讲和他的签名会。我相信这次活动将是结束这个项目的一个有意义的方式，让一位著名的儿童文学插画家来谈谈他的作品，特别是因为我和我的家人在五个研讨会的过程中阅读并回应了他的几本书)”可知，James在家庭扫盲计划中，对家庭发表了讲话。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“James’s visit was infrmative and enlightening fr the families. A parent, Ashley, tld me that she sent a nte t her sn’s teacher abut having participated in the prgram and laned her sn’s autgraphed cpies f James’s bks fr the class t read. Lking back ver my career, this family-literacy prgram is ne f the accmplishments f which I am the prudest, and I am especially pleased that James was part f it.(詹姆斯的访问对这些家庭来说是有益的和有启发的。一位名叫阿什利的家长告诉我，她给儿子的老师发了一张便条，告诉他自己参加了这个项目，并把儿子亲笔签名的詹姆斯的书借给了全班学生阅读。回顾我的职业生涯，这个家庭扫盲计划是我最自豪的成就之一，我特别高兴詹姆斯是其中的一员)”可推知，Ashley对James的态度是“欣赏的”。故选D。
C
Anew study reprts that a msquit’s sense f smell is mre cmplicated than we nce thught. And it may explain why this annying insect is s gd at seeking yu ut at a barbecue r in yur bedrm and biting yu—as well as lead t new strategies t prevent the ptentially deadly diseases transmitted by its bite.
Meg Yunger, a neurscientist at Bstn University, is c-authr f the study. She exhales(呼气)gently int ne f the msquit-filled cages. A waft f carbn dixide blws acrss the insects, and they g wild. “And nw, they’re lking fra target like the cmplex mixture f human bdy smell—a smell that’s attractive t the msquites,” Yunger explains.
In many parts f the wrld, this attractin isn’t merely an annyance fr humans. It’s a majr health prblem. Msquites transmit diseases t humans. These diseases include dengue, Zika, chikungunya fever and malaria. The last disease alne causes ver half a millin deaths each year.
S scientists have attempted t break this attractin. But try as they might, the little msquit has resisted. “They’re really gd at what they d,” Yunger says. Mst f what we knw abut the neurscience f smell cmes frm mice and fruit flies, where the wiring is fairly simple. Each neurn(神经元) in the nse has ne kind f receptr(感受器) that detects a single kind f smell—say, a banana. And all the neurns with receptrs fr the banana smell cnnect t the same part f the brain. Yunger and the thers studied msquit brains, where she fund that each neurn has multiple receptrs that can detect multiple smells.
This wrk culd give researchers additinal ways t battle the insects like develping traps that cntain new smell mixtures that are mre appealing than peple.
“It’s an enrmus study,” says Jsefina del Marml, a neurbilgist at the Harvard Medical Schl. She says there’s mre wrk t be dne t check. neurn by neurn, that each ne actually respnds t all the smells it has receptrs fr. But regarding the central finding, she says, “It really des change a lt abut what we knw f hw insects perceive the wrld.”
8. Why des Yunger exhale int a msquit-filled cage?
A. T keep targeted msquites alive.B. T cnfuse the experimented msquites.
C. T experiment n msquites’ sense f smell.D. T see if breath cntributes t disease transmissin.
9. Hw d msquites differ frm fruit flies?
A. They have a clearer smell mechanism.B. They have mre neurns t detect smells.
C. They have bigger brain parts fcusing n smell.D. They have mre smell receptrs in each neurn.
10. What is the significance f the study?
A. It may have fund an ideal way t study insects.
B. It inspires new methds t prevent msquit bites.
C. It prves the previus assumptin abut msquites.
D. It sheds light n hw msquites transmit diseases.
11. What des Jsefina del Marml think f the research finding?
A. It is a big step frward.B. It has many weaknesses.
C. It is far frm impressive.D. It has a wrldwide influence.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于蚊子的研究，一项新的研究报告称，蚊子的嗅觉比我们曾经认为的要复杂得多，科学家们试图打破这种吸引力但是失败了，但是发现了蚊子每个神经元都有多个受体，可以探测到多种气味。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““And nw, they’re lking fra target like the cmplex mixture f human bdy smell—a smell that’s attractive t the msquites,” Yunger explains. (“现在，他们正在寻找一个目标，比如人体气味的复杂混合物——一种对蚊子有吸引力的气味，”Yunger解释说)”可知，Yunger对着一个满是蚊子的笼子呼气是为了对蚊子的嗅觉进行实验。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Mst f what we knw abut the neurscience f smell cmes frm mice and fruit flies, where the wiring is fairly simple. and the thers studied msquit brains, where she fund that each neurn has multiple receptrs that can detect multiple smells. (我们对嗅觉神经科学的了解大多来自老鼠和果蝇，它们的神经线路相当简单。……Yunger和其他人研究了蚊子的大脑，她发现每个神经元都有多个受体，可以探测到多种气味)”可知，蚊子和果蝇的不同在于蚊子每个神经元中有更多的嗅觉受体。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This wrk culd give researchers additinal ways t battle the insects like develping traps that cntain new smell mixtures that are mre appealing than peple.(这项工作可以为研究人员提供更多的方法来对抗昆虫，比如开发含有比人更有吸引力的新气味混合物的陷阱)”可推知，这项研究的意义是激发了预防蚊虫叮咬的新方法。故选B。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“But regarding the central finding, she says, “It really des change a lt abut what we knw f hw insects perceive the wrld.”(但关于这一核心发现，她说：“它确实改变了我们对昆虫如何感知世界的认识。”)”可知，Jsefina del Marml认为这项研究发现向前迈了一大步。故选A。
D
D yu have a favrite sprt? Are yu passinate abut sewing r reading? Typically, yu engage in these activities simply because yu enjy them. Wuld yu be taken aback t knw the verjustificatin effect that when yu are rewarded fr yur belved activities, yur desire t participate in them diminishes?
Edward Deci, a psychlgy prfessr, cnducted a series f experiments, in ne f which Deci divided the participants int tw grups: ne was paid t cmplete a puzzle, and the ther was nt paid t. After mney was remved, the grup that was previusly paid t play shwed less mtivatin t cmplete the task than the grup that was never paid and nly did the puzzle fr enjyment. The utcme demnstrated the verjustificatin effect, which ccurs when an external stimulatin decreases a persn’s internal mtivatin t perfrm a behavir r engage in an activity.
Accrding t the self-determinatin thery, three cnditins are essential fr peple t feel internally mtivated and perfrm at their best: autnmy, freedm frm external restrictins; cmpetence, the need t feel capable, and relatedness, the need t feel cnnected with thers. In Deci’s experiment, mney acted as a tie, which reduced participants’ autnmy, a crucial cmpnent f internal mtivatin, discuraging them frm experiencing the freedm f external restrictins. The pressure t perfrm fr the mney lessened the pleasure and freedm felt by thse wh were ding the puzzle merely fr fun.
But if external stimulatin is tied t perfrmance, the verjustificatin effect is less influential. Fr example, being rewarded fr studying is unlikely t decrease internal mtivatin because the grade depends upn actually ding well rather than just ging thrugh the mtins.
While the verjustificatin effect can reduce mtivatin, sme strategies can lwer its impact. One is t fcus n prviding feedback and recgnitin rather than cncrete rewards. Fr instance, praising an individual’s effrt r acknwledging their accmplishments can maintain their internal mtivatin. Additinally, allwing individuals t have autnmy and cntrl ver their tasks als wrks. By giving them the freedm t chse hw they cmplete tasks, individuals are mre likely t be internally mtivated and experience a greater sense f satisfactin and engagement.
12. What des the underlined wrd “diminishes” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Remains.B. Weakens.C. Ceases.D. Slidifies.
13 Hw did Deci prve the verjustificatin effect in the experiment?
A. By interpreting a cncept.
B. By presenting an argument.
C. By making a cmparisn.
D. By describing a phenmenn.
14. What is mainly illustrated in paragraph 3?
A. The skills needed fr a puzzle.
B. The cre elements f inner drives.
C. The impact f autnmy n cmpetence.
D. The theretical basis fr the verjustificatin effect.
15. Which serves as an example f preventing the verjustificatin effect?
A. Speaking highly f a pupil’s hard wrk.
B. Rewarding a kid with candy fr playing the vilin.
C Offering a clerk financial bnuses fr daily rutines.
D. Prmising an emplyee a decent psitin fr ding his duty.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过实验证明了过度合理化效应。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The utcme demnstrated the verjustificatin effect, which ccurs when an external stimulatin decreases a persn’s internal mtivatin t perfrm a behavir r engage in an activity.(研究结果表明，当外部刺激降低了一个人进行行为或参与活动的内在动机时，就会出现过度合理化效应)”可知，此处介绍过度合理化效应，指的是当你因为你热爱的活动而得到奖励时，你参与其中的欲望会减弱，diminish与weaken“减弱”之间为近义词，故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“After mney was remved, the grup that was previusly paid t play shwed less mtivatin t cmplete the task than the grup that was never paid and nly did the puzzle fr enjyment.(在钱被拿走后，之前被付钱玩的一组比从未被付钱只为享受而玩拼图的一组表现出更少的动力来完成任务)”可知，Deci是通过把实验人员分成两组后进行对比以证明过度合理化效应的，故选C项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Accrding t the self-determinatin thery, three cnditins are essential fr peple t feel internally mtivated and perfrm at their best: autnmy, freedm frm external restrictins; cmpetence, the need t feel capable, and relatedness, the need t feel cnnected with thers.(根据自决理论，三个条件对人们感到内在动力并发挥最佳表现至关重要：自主、不受外部限制；能力，感觉有能力的需要，以及相关性，感觉与他人有联系的需要)”可知，本段主要介绍的是过度合理化效应的理论基础，故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While the verjustificatin effect can reduce mtivatin, sme strategies can lwer its impact. One is t fcus n prviding feedback and recgnitin rather than cncrete rewards. Fr instance, praising an individual’s effrt r acknwledging their accmplishments can maintain their internal mtivatin.(虽然过度合理化效应会降低动机，但一些策略会降低其影响。一种是专注于提供反馈和认可，而不是具体的奖励。例如，赞扬一个人的努力或承认他们的成就可以保持他们的内在动机)”可知，A项“高度评价一个学生的勤奋学习”可以预防过度合理化效应，故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Yur alarm ges ff n January 1. Yu frce yurself ut f bed and drag yur feet tward the bathrm, where yu glimpse a pale-faced stranger in the mirrr. ____16____. After a mment, hwever, yu think, “Wait, it’s kay because tday is New Year’s Day; there’s time t get back in shape!”
Fr many peple, the start f a new year signals the end f a perid f verindulgence (放纵) in diet. ____17____. They ften revlve arund turning neself int a fit and healthy human being. Hwever, the fact is that apprximately 80% f them are abandned befre February. Hw des that happen? ____18____. While we may have gd intentins when making reslutins, we are nt actually making enugh determinatin t live in a mre cntrlled way. Change invlves a degree f stress, and smene nt mentally equipped t handle that stress will struggle t change.
S, what can yu d t achieve yur healthy gals in the new year? One idea is t think small rather than the ppsite. ____19____. But in reality change is likely easier in smaller steps, which allws fr greater success. Anther helpful strategy is t design a persnal reward system. Finally, set cncrete gals. Instead f making a vague reslutin like “I’m ging t get in better shape this year”, make a specific ne. Fr example, “I’m ging t run fr 30 minutes every day” wuld be far mre pwerful. Mst imprtantly, remember that despite their name, New Year’s reslutins shuld be fr life. ____20____, but with suitable strategies, there is n reasn why yu cannt stick t yur reslutins permanently r at least until March.
A. Change takes time and effrt
B. Instinctively, yu step back in hrrr
C. It’s prbably related t self-discipline
D. Many peple’s plans invlve grand measures
E. The answer is likely that we shuld be cnfident
F. New Year is a great time t be with family and friends
G. In December it’s ften justified by planning New Year’s reslutins
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. C 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们执行新年计划时遇到的问题，并就如何更好地执行新年计划给出了建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Yu frce yurself ut f bed and drag yur feet tward the bathrm, where yu glimpse a pale-faced stranger in the mirrr. (你强迫自己下了床，慢慢地走向浴室，在那里你在镜子里看到了一个脸色苍白、睡眼惺忪的陌生人)”可知，此刻的自己状态极差；再根据下文“After a mment, hwever, yu think, ‘Wait, it’s kay because tday is New Year’s Day; there’s time t get back in shape!’ (然而，过了一会儿，你觉得，‘等等，没关系，因为今天是元旦，是时候恢复身材了！’)”中的“hwever”可知，空处和下文之间存在转折关系，既然下文为“it’s kay”，那么空处则与此相反，与选项B“你立刻惊恐地退了回去”中的“in hrrr”相对应。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Fr many peple, the start f a new year signals the end f a perid f verindulgence (放纵) in diet. (对许多人来说，新年的开始标志着一段时间过度放纵饮食的结束)”和下文“They ften revlve arund turning neself int a fit and healthy human being. (它们经常以把自己变成一个健康的人为中心)”可知，上文提到新年的开始标志着结束过度放纵饮食，所以把自己变得更健康应是未来的计划，G项“在12月，人们通常通过制定新年计划来证明这一点”符合语境，故选G。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Hwever, the fact is that apprximately 80% f them are abandned befre February. Hw des that happen? (然而，事实是，大约80%的计划在2月份之前就被遗弃了。这是怎么发生的？)”可知，此处提出一个问题，结合下文“While we may have gd intentins when making reslutins, we are nt actually making enugh determinatin t live in a mre cntrlled way. (当我们下定决心的时候，我们可能有很好的意图，但我们实际上并没有足够的决心来控制自己的生活)”可知，人们没有足够的决心来执行计划，故C项“这可能与自律有关”回答上文问题，与下文语义一致，故选C。
【19题详解】
下文“But in reality change is likely easier in smaller steps, which allws fr greater success. (但在现实中，小步骤的改变可能更容易，从而取得更大的成功)”提到，在现实中，小步骤的改变可能更容易，空处与下文是转折关系，故空处是说人们制定很多宏伟的计划，D项“许多人的计划都包含宏伟的措施”符合语境，故选D。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Mst imprtantly, remember that despite their name, New Year’s reslutins shuld be fr life. (最重要的是，请记住，尽管名字叫新年决心，但它应该是终身的)”可知，新年决心应该是终身的，即需要持续的努力，A项“改变需要时间和努力”符合语境，且与下文“but with suitable strategies, there is n reasn why yu cannt stick t yur reslutins permanently r at least until March. (但如果有合适的策略，你没有理由不能永远坚持你的决心，或者至少坚持到3月份)”衔接得当，故选A。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
What I will be hsting, t be exact, is a series f meditatin retreats (冥想静修) t be held this spring. During each retreat, abut a hundred ____21____ will cme here frm all ver the wrld fr a perid f a week t ten days t deepen their meditatin practices. Sme f them are ____22____, but many have never been t India. My rle is t take care f these peple during their ____23____ here. Fr mst f the retreat, the participants will be in ____24____. Fr sme f them, it will be the first time they’ve ____25____ silence as a devtinal practice, and it can be intense. Hwever, I will be the ne persn they are ____26____ t talk t if smething is ging wrng.
I can help them. I am s ____27____ t help. All the listening skills I learned as a (n) ____28____ bartender, all the antennas (直觉) I’ve ever develped thrughut my lifetime that have taught me hw t ____29____ what peple are feeling — they were all accumulated _____30_____ I culd help ease these gd peple int the difficult task they’ve _____31_____. I am s cnsumed by _____32_____ at their bravery. These peple have _____33_____ their families and lives fr a few weeks t g int silent retreat with a crwd f perfect _____34_____ in India. Nt everybdy des this in their _____35_____.
21. A. emplyeesB. retireesC. intervieweesD. devtees
22. A. passers-byB. ld-timesC. truble-makersD. peace-lvers
23. A. wrkB. stayC. turD. lecture
24. A. dubtB. memryC. silenceD. surprise
25. A. treatedB. interpretedC. describedD. experienced
26. A. cmmandedB. remindedC. frcedD. allwed
27. A. equippedB. mvedC. wantedD. mtivated
28. A. talkativeB. sympatheticC. aggressiveD. inncent
29. A. readB. recrdC. expressD. reveal
30. A. s thatB. nw thatC. in caseD. even if
31. A. put asideB. taken nC. turned dwnD. gt ver
32. A. guiltB. satisfactinC. wnderD. embarrassment
33. A. cntributed tB. relied nC. left behindD. prayed fr
34. A. strangersB. ppnentsC. friendsD. rmmates
35. A. jbB. adventureC. dreamD. lifetime
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者即将主持的一系列冥想静修活动，并描述了参与者的特点、活动安排以及作者自己在其中的角色和感受。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每次静修期间，大约有一百名信徒将从世界各地来到这里，花一周到十天的时间来深化他们的冥想练习。A. emplyees雇员；B. retirees退休人员；C. interviewees被面试者；D. devtees献身者，信徒。根据空后的“will cme here frm all ver the wrld fr a perid f a week t ten days t deepen their meditatin practices.”可知，空处指的是冥想静修的信徒，他们会来进行冥想练习。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们中一些是老面孔，但许多人从未去过印度。A. passers-by路人；B. ld-times旧时的、故人；C. truble-makers捣乱者；D. peace-lvers热爱和平的人。根据上下文句意可知，空处指的是这些信徒中有些是老面孔，但是大多数人都未去过印度。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的职责是在这些人逗留期间照顾他们。A. wrk工作；B. stay逗留；C. tur观光；D. lecture演讲。根据上文“What I will be hsting, t be exact, is a series f meditatin retreats （冥想静修） t be held this spring. During each retreat, abut a hundred ____1____ will cme here frm all ver the wrld fr a perid f a week t ten days t deepen their meditatin practices.”可知，作者是负责这次冥想静修的人，由此可知，作者应该是在这些人逗留期间照顾他们。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在静修的大部分时间里，参与者将保持沉默。A. dubt怀疑；B. memry记忆；C. silence寂静；D. surprise惊讶、惊奇。根据下文“Fr sme f them, it will be the first time they’ve ____5____ silence as a devtinal practice, and it can be intense.”可知，在静修期间，参与者需要保持沉默。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们中的一些人来说，这将是他们第一次体验静默的禅修。A. treated对待；B. interpreted口译、翻译；C. described描述；D. experienced经历。根据空后的“as a devtinal practice”可知，他们需要经历静默的禅修。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果出了什么问题，我将是他们唯一可以倾诉的人。A. cmmanded命令；B. reminded提醒；C. frced强迫；D. allwed允许。根据上文“Fr mst f the retreat, the participants will be in ____4____.”可知，静修期间，参与者要保持沉默。由此可知，如果出了问题，他们只被允许和我诉说。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以帮助他们。我很有能力提供帮助。A. equipped装备；B. mved移动；C. wanted想要；D. mtivated激发。根据下文“All the listening skills I learned as a (n) ____8____ bartender, all the antennas （直觉） I’ve ever develped thrughut my lifetime that have taught me hw t ____9____ what peple are feeling — they were all accumulated ____10____ I culd help ease these gd peple int the difficult task they’ve ____11____.”可知，作者具备帮助他们的能力。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个会产生共鸣的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. talkative健谈的；B. sympathetic有同情心的、共鸣的；C. aggressive攻击性的、有进取心的；D. inncent无辜的、清白的。根据空前“All the listening skills I learned”以及空后的“bartender”可知，作为一名调酒师需要了解顾客的感受，和顾客产生共鸣。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. read阅读、读懂；B. recrd记录；C. express表达；D. reveal揭示。根据空前的“all the antennas （直觉）”以及空后的“what peple are feeling”可知，空处指的是这些直觉能够让作者读懂人们的感受。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. s that以至于、为了；B. nw that既然；C. in case以防；D. even if即使。根据空前“they were all accumulated”以及空后“I culd help ease these gd peple int the difficult task they’ve ____11____.”可知，空处考查目的状语从句的引导词。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. put aside储存、保留；B. taken n承担、呈现；C. turned dwn调低、拒绝；D. gt ver克服。根据空前的“task”可知，这些积累是为了帮助这些人完成他们所承担的任务。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对他们的勇敢感到惊奇。A. guilt内疚、罪行；B. satisfactin满意；C. wnder奇迹、惊奇；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据空后的“at their bravery.”以及“These peple have ____13____ their families and lives fr a few weeks t g int silent retreat with a crwd f perfect ____14____ in India.”可知，作者被这些人的勇敢所折服。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这些人抛下了他们的家庭和生活，前往印度和一群完全陌生的人一起进行静默静修，为期几周。A. cntributed t做贡献、有助于；B. relied n依赖；C. left behind留下、抛下；D. prayed fr为……祈祷。根据上文内容可知，这些人是前来静修，也就是说他们抛下了自己的家庭和生活。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些人抛下了他们的家庭和生活，前往印度和一群完全陌生的人一起进行静默静修，为期几周。A. strangers陌生人；B. ppnents对手、反对者；C. friends朋友；D. rmmates室友。根据上文内容可知，这些人来自世界各地，由此可知，他人对他们而言都是陌生人。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不是每个人在他们的一生中都会这样做。A. jb工作；B. adventure冒险；C. dream梦想；D. lifetime一生。根据上文可知，作者对这些人的勇气感到震惊，因为不是每个人在自己的一生中会这样做。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Incense (香) basts a lng histry,_____36_____its rts in many cultures-ancient China, ancient Egypt, Babyln and beynd. Peple frm all walks f life benefit frm its cuntless qualities, whether they use it fr pleasure_____37_____as medicine.
Since the Tang and Sng dynasties, burning incense, hanging paintings, making tea, and enjying music have been knwn as the “fur arts fr literati (文人)”.____38____(make) frm seeds, leaves and flwers, incense has been used as an enjyable ____39____(pursue) fr schlars.
Mrever, medical incense is an essential part f Traditinal Chinese Medicine, which cnsiders preventative healthcare as ____40____far superir frm f treatment when illness strikes.
____41____(basic), medical incense can kill bacteria in the envirnment, prtecting peple against infectins. It is als believed ____42____(pssess) the ability t balance the flw f Qi, a vital energy frce within the bdy. Once the medical elements within incense are breathed in, they sn find____43____(they) way int the bldstream. Frm there they g directly t the rgans_____44_____treatment assistance is needed. The specific types f incense_____45_____(chse) based n the individual’s cnditin, aiming t restre balance and prmte well-being.
【答案】36. with
37. r 38. Made
39. pursuit
40. a 41. Basically
42. t pssess
43. their 44. where
45. are chsen
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是香在许多文化中拥有悠久的历史，并且被人们广泛使用，无论是作为享乐还是药物。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：香在许多文化中拥有悠久的历史，其源头可以追溯到古代中国、古代埃及、巴比伦等地。分析句子，设空处使用介词与后面的its rts构成介词短语。此处表示“有着”使用介词with。故填with。
【37题详解】
考查连词。句意：各行各业的人都受益于它的无数特质，无论是用来娱乐还是作为药物。分析句子，句中whether…r…为固定短语，意为“无论是……还是……”。故填r。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：香由种子、叶子和花朵制成，一直是学者们追求的一种享受。分析句子，句中has been used为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，同时incense与make之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Made。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用pursue的名词pursuit作宾语，意为“追求”。故填pursuit。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：此外，医学香是中医的重要组成部分，中医认为预防保健是疾病发作时的一种优越的治疗方式。分析句子，句中frm为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故使用不定冠词；同时空后的far首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：基本上，药香可以杀死环境中的细菌，保护人们免受感染。分析句子，设空处使用basic的副词basically作状语，修饰句子，意为“基本上地”，同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Basically。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它还被认为具有平衡气的能力，气是人体内的一种重要能量。句中it is believed t d为固定短语，it为形式主语，不定式结构为真正的主语。故填t pssess。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：一旦熏香中的医学成分被吸入，它们很快就会进入血液。分析句子，设空处使用they的形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：从那里，它们直接进入需要治疗帮助的器官。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，意为“在器官中”表示地点。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：具体类型的香是根据个人的情况选择的，旨在恢复平衡和促进健康。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。同时the specific types f incense与chse之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are chsen。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，留学生朋友Peter借给你一本英文名著《飘》(Gne with the Wind)，可是你不小心损坏了。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1表示道歉；
2.解释损坏原因；
3.提出补救办法。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m writing t express my sincere aplgy fr the accidental damage t the English classic Gne with the Wind yu kindly lent me.
Yesterday evening I was absrbed in the bk when I carelessly kncked dwn the cup, the ht water puring ver the bk. I was upset that the whle bk was in bad shape. Knwing hw precius the bk is t yu, I’m terribly srry fr any incnvenience caused.
I expect t make it up t yu by replacing the bk with a new cpy. I’ve purchased ne nline, which will be sent t yu in 3 days. I hpe this unfrtunate incident wn’t affect ur friendship. Please accept my heartfelt aplgy.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。留学生朋友Peter借给你一本英文名著《飘》(Gne with the Wind)，可是你不小心损坏了。要求考生给他写封邮件道歉，同时解释损坏原因并提出补救办法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
衷心的：sincere → heartfelt
全神贯注于：be absrbed in → cncentrate n
珍贵的：precius→ valuable
非常：terribly → awfully
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I was upset that the whle bk was in bad shape.
拓展句：I was upset because the whle bk was in bad shape.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knwing hw precius the bk is t yu, I’m terribly srry fr any incnvenience caused. (运用了现分词作原因状语)
[高分句型2] I’ve purchased ne nline, which will be sent t yu in 3 days. (运用了关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In a huse far frm the city lived Jhn and his mther. Jhn’s nly hbby was wandering in the nearby picturesque frest. In its center was a shiny clear lake with schls f fish dancing in it. Fascinated by the beauty and liveliness f nature, he desired t becme a great artist and present all the breathtaking scenes t the wrld.
Jhn studied in the lcal primary schl. Life was nt easy fr Jhn and his mm after his father died. Knwing what hard wrk his mther did t make ends meet, Jhn, really didn’t want his mther t wrry. His mther knew the significance f educatin in life but she was against his dream f becming an artist. “The prfessin f artist can’t aid a persn in meeting his daily expenses,” she wuld say. But as each day passed, Jhn’s dream: became mre passinate.
Due t the living circumstances, even buying sme new clrs wuld be a luxury. Jhn nly used the wrn drawing file and limited clrs fr his daily practice. He never gave up drawing. He spent a significant amunt f time staying in — the frest, secretly perfecting his craft. With cntinuus hard wrk and a distinct gift fr art, he drew beautifully.
One day Jhn read abut a cmpetitin being held in the twn, whse deadline was nly tw days away. He gt the perfect pprtunity t fulfill his desire but he was in a dilemma as fr the cmpetitin he needed special paints and sme brushes. He didn’t have the curage t ask his mther fr mney as he knew her prejudice against art.
That evening his mm returned frm wrk and handed him a few paper ntes, saying, “This is fr yur lunch at schl next fur days.” He wrked up the curage hping t ask his mther if she culd give him sme mre mney s that he culd participate in the cmpetitin, but finally, cnsidering the family’s financial difficulties, he swallwed the wrds.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Lking at the ntes n the desk the next day, Jhn was lst in thught.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At the award ceremny Jhn was abut t speak when he saw his mther.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
Lking at the ntes n the desk the next day, Jhn was lst in thught. “Shuld I use the mney fr the cmpetitin”, he asked himself, balancing his passin fr painting against his lunches t be lst. Lve fr art beating the ther, he bught paints and brushes with sme f the ntes, and dashed t sign up fr it, after which he put his heart and sul int finishing painting. After handing it in, he went hme, his dancing heart ready t jump frm his bdy. Weeks later, t his great surprise, a call came annuncing that he had wn the first place and he was invited t give a speech at the award ceremny.
At the award ceremny Jhn was abut t speak when he saw his mther. Wild excitement tk hld f him, but he calmed dwn and began his speech, in which he expressed appreciatin fr the glden pprtunity t shw his lve fr painting and share the jy. After a shrt pause, he said emtinally, “Abve all, I shuld be grateful t the greatest wman in my mind — my belved mther. Cme n stage, dear mum!” Then his mther went frward, with thunderus applause and cheers almst shting thrugh the rf. Excited tears streaming dwn her cheeks, she hugged her sn tightly, saying she had knwn all and wuld supprt his passin with all energy and strength.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Jhn喜欢画画，但是家里很穷，无法支持他追求这个梦想。虽然母亲不支持他画画，但是他还是想尽办法坚持。有一天，他得知镇上正在举行绘画比赛，他很高兴，但是却没有钱买绘画用品。恰好这天妈妈给了他接下来四天的午餐费。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“第二天，Jhn看着桌上的钞票，陷入了沉思”可知，第一段可描写Jhn拿午餐钱买了颜料和画笔去参加比赛，获得了一等奖，被邀参加颁奖典礼。
②由第二段首句内容“在颁奖典礼上，Jhn正要发言，这时他看见了他的母亲”可知，第二段可描写Jhn发表获奖感言，表达对母亲的感谢，以及母亲的反应。
2. 续写线索：沉思——买东西并参赛——得知获奖——颁奖典礼——发表演讲并感谢母亲——母亲的反应
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①冲：dash/rush/race
②完成：finish/cmplete
③发表演讲：give a speech/deliver a speech
④拥抱：hug/embrace
情绪类
①惊讶：surprise/astnishment
②激动：excitement/thrill
【点睛】[高分句型1] Lve fr art beating the ther, he bught paints and brushes with sme f the ntes, and dashed t sign up fr it, after which he put his heart and sul int finishing painting.（独立主格结构作状语、由“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] Weeks later, t his great surprise, a call came annuncing that he had wn the first place and he was invited t give a speech at the award ceremny.（由连接词that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型3] Excited tears streaming dwn her cheeks, she hugged her sn tightly, saying she had knwn all and wuld supprt his passin with all energy and strength.（独立主格结构作状语、现在分词短语saying…作状语）
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，只交答题卡。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
A
Kangar Kids
Fall Jump Rpe Wrkshp
Invited: All skill levels, kids ages 6 and up
Skills Taught: Single / Lng Rpe, Speed, and Duble Dutch (交互花式跳绳)
Learn new skills with natinally recgnized jumpers!
Jumpers must be willing t learn and have fun!
Saturday, Nvember 9, 9:00-16:00
Nrth Laurel Cmmunity Center
9411 Whiskey Bttm Rd • Laurel, MD 20723
Participant Fee: $55 by 10/21 ($65 after 10/21)
Judge’s Clinic Fee: $25 by 10/21 ($35 after 10/21)
Hw t Register (register by 10/30)
Use ur nline registratin system fr all event registratins, T-shirt rders; and lunch rders. Please register and pay at httpregistratin. kanagrkids.rg/FallWrkshp. First-time users will create a user accunt t register fr the Fall Wrkshp as a participant. Please create nly ne user accunt per husehld. All members f a family will be part f ne accunt.
NOTE: PLEASE REGISTER AS EARLYAS POSSILE, ASPACE IS LIMITED.
T-shirt Order
Wrkshp T-shirts: $18 rder by 10/18. Shirt Size (please circle during rder): YS/ YM /YL/AS/ AM /AL
Jump rpes, T-shirts, shrts, tennis shes, and water bttles will be available fr sale at the event n Nvember 9. There will be instructrs helping adjust the length f yur jump rpes.
Lunch Order
Subway lunch (sandwich r salad, fruit drinks and ckies): $8, rder by 10/30.
Wrkshp Hurs: 9:00-12:00 and 1:30-4:00
Lunch: 12:00-1:30
1. What is the early bird participant fee?
A. $25.B. $35.C. $55.D. $65.
2. What are family participants asked t d?
A. Bring their wn lunch.B. Create ne registratin accunt.
C. Register fr the same instructr.D. Adjust the length f their jump rpes in advance.
3. When is the deadline fr rdering a T-shirt?
A. 10/18.B. 10/21.C. 10/30.D. 11/9.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一个跳绳比赛的信息，介绍了比赛时间地点以及报名费用等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“Participant Fee: $55 by 10/21 ($65 after 10/21)(参加者费用：10/21前55美元；10/21后65美元)”可知，报名早的参加者费用是55美元。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hw t Register (register by 10/30)部分中“Please create nly ne user accunt per husehld.(请每个家庭只创建一个用户帐户)”可知，家庭参与者被要求创建一个注册账号。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据T-shirt Order部分中“Wrkshp T-shirts: $18, rder by 10/18.(工作坊T恤：$18，10/18前订购)”可知，订购T恤的截止日期是10/18。故选A。
B
As a dctral student, I served as a hstess fr famus authrs and illustratrs when they came t participate in the Ohi State University Children’s Literature Cnference. I hsted such belved creatrs f children’s bks as Nikki Grimes, Jerry Pinkney and James Ransme. I wuld stand at the airprt, hlding ne f their bks and waiting t pick them up and then drive them arund twn t places they needed t g and assist them during autgraph sessins. After graduating frm my university and accepting a psitin at Clemsn University in 2003, I kept in tuch with James Ransme.
In 2005 I received a grant frm the gvernment t cnduct a family-literacy prgram. I wanted t see what wuld happen when I expsed ten African American families with children t bks by and abut African Americans. I prvided each f the families with cpies f seven bks, five f which were illustrated by James.
The families participated in a series f five mnthly wrkshps, and the final event was a presentatin by James and an autgraph sessin with him. I believed this event wuld be a meaningful way t end the prgram, by having a famus illustratr f children’s literature cme and talk abut his wrk, especially because the families and I had read and respnded t several f his bks ver the curse f the five wrkshps.
James’s visit was infrmative and enlightening fr the families. A parent, Ashley, tld me that she sent a nte t her sn’s teacher abut having participated in the prgram and laned her sn’s autgraphed cpies f James’s bks fr the class t read. Lking back ver my career, this family-literacy prgram is ne f the accmplishments f which I am the prudest, and I am especially pleased that James was part f it.
4. Hw did the authr cme int cntact with James?
A. The authr met him by accident at the airprt.
B. The authr went t him t ask fr an autgraph.
C. The authr hsted him when he attended a cnference.
D. The authr was intrduced t him by a university prfessr.
5. What can be learned abut James?
A. He ran mnthly wrkshps.B. He is an African American.
C. He has written seven bks.D. He graduated frm Clemsn University.
6. What did James d fr the family-literacy prgram?
A. He gave a talk t the families.
B. He laned his bks t the families.
C. He respnded t the questins raised by the families.
D. He asked the gvernment t give financial supprt t the families.
7. What is Ashley’s attitude twards James?
A. Dubtful.B. Caring.C. Tlerant.D. Appreciative.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者开展一个家庭扫盲计划，邀请了儿童书籍创作者詹姆斯·兰瑟姆来参加，詹姆斯发表了讲话，鼓励了很多家庭。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a dctral student, I served as a hstess fr famus authrs and illustratrs when they came t participate in the Ohi State University Children’s Literature Cnference. I hsted such belved creatrs f children’s bks as Nikki Grimes, Jerry Pinkney and James Ransme.(在读博士期间，我为前来参加俄亥俄州立大学儿童文学大会的著名作家和插画家担任主持人。我邀请了尼基·格莱姆斯、杰里·平克尼和詹姆斯·兰瑟姆等受人喜爱的儿童书籍创作者)”可知，当James参加会议时，是作者接待了他，从而接触。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“I wanted t see what wuld happen when I expsed ten African American families with children t bks by and abut African Americans. I prvided each f the families with cpies f seven bks, five f which were illustrated by James.(我想看看当我让十个有孩子的非裔美国家庭阅读非裔美国人写的和关于非裔美国人的书时会发生什么。我给每个家庭提供了七本书，其中五本是詹姆斯的插图)”可知，James是一个非裔美国人。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The families participated in a series f five mnthly wrkshps, and the final event was a presentatin by James and an autgraph sessin with him. I believed this event wuld be a meaningful way t end the prgram, by having a famus illustratr f children’s literature cme and talk abut his wrk, especially because the families and I had read and respnded t several f his bks ver the curse f the five wrkshps.(这些家庭参加了一系列每月五个的研讨会，最后的活动是詹姆斯的演讲和他的签名会。我相信这次活动将是结束这个项目的一个有意义的方式，让一位著名的儿童文学插画家来谈谈他的作品，特别是因为我和我的家人在五个研讨会的过程中阅读并回应了他的几本书)”可知，James在家庭扫盲计划中，对家庭发表了讲话。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“James’s visit was infrmative and enlightening fr the families. A parent, Ashley, tld me that she sent a nte t her sn’s teacher abut having participated in the prgram and laned her sn’s autgraphed cpies f James’s bks fr the class t read. Lking back ver my career, this family-literacy prgram is ne f the accmplishments f which I am the prudest, and I am especially pleased that James was part f it.(詹姆斯的访问对这些家庭来说是有益的和有启发的。一位名叫阿什利的家长告诉我，她给儿子的老师发了一张便条，告诉他自己参加了这个项目，并把儿子亲笔签名的詹姆斯的书借给了全班学生阅读。回顾我的职业生涯，这个家庭扫盲计划是我最自豪的成就之一，我特别高兴詹姆斯是其中的一员)”可推知，Ashley对James的态度是“欣赏的”。故选D。
C
Anew study reprts that a msquit’s sense f smell is mre cmplicated than we nce thught. And it may explain why this annying insect is s gd at seeking yu ut at a barbecue r in yur bedrm and biting yu—as well as lead t new strategies t prevent the ptentially deadly diseases transmitted by its bite.
Meg Yunger, a neurscientist at Bstn University, is c-authr f the study. She exhales(呼气)gently int ne f the msquit-filled cages. A waft f carbn dixide blws acrss the insects, and they g wild. “And nw, they’re lking fra target like the cmplex mixture f human bdy smell—a smell that’s attractive t the msquites,” Yunger explains.
In many parts f the wrld, this attractin isn’t merely an annyance fr humans. It’s a majr health prblem. Msquites transmit diseases t humans. These diseases include dengue, Zika, chikungunya fever and malaria. The last disease alne causes ver half a millin deaths each year.
S scientists have attempted t break this attractin. But try as they might, the little msquit has resisted. “They’re really gd at what they d,” Yunger says. Mst f what we knw abut the neurscience f smell cmes frm mice and fruit flies, where the wiring is fairly simple. Each neurn(神经元) in the nse has ne kind f receptr(感受器) that detects a single kind f smell—say, a banana. And all the neurns with receptrs fr the banana smell cnnect t the same part f the brain. Yunger and the thers studied msquit brains, where she fund that each neurn has multiple receptrs that can detect multiple smells.
This wrk culd give researchers additinal ways t battle the insects like develping traps that cntain new smell mixtures that are mre appealing than peple.
“It’s an enrmus study,” says Jsefina del Marml, a neurbilgist at the Harvard Medical Schl. She says there’s mre wrk t be dne t check. neurn by neurn, that each ne actually respnds t all the smells it has receptrs fr. But regarding the central finding, she says, “It really des change a lt abut what we knw f hw insects perceive the wrld.”
8. Why des Yunger exhale int a msquit-filled cage?
A. T keep targeted msquites alive.B. T cnfuse the experimented msquites.
C. T experiment n msquites’ sense f smell.D. T see if breath cntributes t disease transmissin.
9. Hw d msquites differ frm fruit flies?
A. They have a clearer smell mechanism.B. They have mre neurns t detect smells.
C. They have bigger brain parts fcusing n smell.D. They have mre smell receptrs in each neurn.
10. What is the significance f the study?
A. It may have fund an ideal way t study insects.
B. It inspires new methds t prevent msquit bites.
C. It prves the previus assumptin abut msquites.
D. It sheds light n hw msquites transmit diseases.
11. What des Jsefina del Marml think f the research finding?
A. It is a big step frward.B. It has many weaknesses.
C. It is far frm impressive.D. It has a wrldwide influence.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于蚊子的研究，一项新的研究报告称，蚊子的嗅觉比我们曾经认为的要复杂得多，科学家们试图打破这种吸引力但是失败了，但是发现了蚊子每个神经元都有多个受体，可以探测到多种气味。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““And nw, they’re lking fra target like the cmplex mixture f human bdy smell—a smell that’s attractive t the msquites,” Yunger explains. (“现在，他们正在寻找一个目标，比如人体气味的复杂混合物——一种对蚊子有吸引力的气味，”Yunger解释说)”可知，Yunger对着一个满是蚊子的笼子呼气是为了对蚊子的嗅觉进行实验。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Mst f what we knw abut the neurscience f smell cmes frm mice and fruit flies, where the wiring is fairly simple. and the thers studied msquit brains, where she fund that each neurn has multiple receptrs that can detect multiple smells. (我们对嗅觉神经科学的了解大多来自老鼠和果蝇，它们的神经线路相当简单。……Yunger和其他人研究了蚊子的大脑，她发现每个神经元都有多个受体，可以探测到多种气味)”可知，蚊子和果蝇的不同在于蚊子每个神经元中有更多的嗅觉受体。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This wrk culd give researchers additinal ways t battle the insects like develping traps that cntain new smell mixtures that are mre appealing than peple.(这项工作可以为研究人员提供更多的方法来对抗昆虫，比如开发含有比人更有吸引力的新气味混合物的陷阱)”可推知，这项研究的意义是激发了预防蚊虫叮咬的新方法。故选B。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“But regarding the central finding, she says, “It really des change a lt abut what we knw f hw insects perceive the wrld.”(但关于这一核心发现，她说：“它确实改变了我们对昆虫如何感知世界的认识。”)”可知，Jsefina del Marml认为这项研究发现向前迈了一大步。故选A。
D
D yu have a favrite sprt? Are yu passinate abut sewing r reading? Typically, yu engage in these activities simply because yu enjy them. Wuld yu be taken aback t knw the verjustificatin effect that when yu are rewarded fr yur belved activities, yur desire t participate in them diminishes?
Edward Deci, a psychlgy prfessr, cnducted a series f experiments, in ne f which Deci divided the participants int tw grups: ne was paid t cmplete a puzzle, and the ther was nt paid t. After mney was remved, the grup that was previusly paid t play shwed less mtivatin t cmplete the task than the grup that was never paid and nly did the puzzle fr enjyment. The utcme demnstrated the verjustificatin effect, which ccurs when an external stimulatin decreases a persn’s internal mtivatin t perfrm a behavir r engage in an activity.
Accrding t the self-determinatin thery, three cnditins are essential fr peple t feel internally mtivated and perfrm at their best: autnmy, freedm frm external restrictins; cmpetence, the need t feel capable, and relatedness, the need t feel cnnected with thers. In Deci’s experiment, mney acted as a tie, which reduced participants’ autnmy, a crucial cmpnent f internal mtivatin, discuraging them frm experiencing the freedm f external restrictins. The pressure t perfrm fr the mney lessened the pleasure and freedm felt by thse wh were ding the puzzle merely fr fun.
But if external stimulatin is tied t perfrmance, the verjustificatin effect is less influential. Fr example, being rewarded fr studying is unlikely t decrease internal mtivatin because the grade depends upn actually ding well rather than just ging thrugh the mtins.
While the verjustificatin effect can reduce mtivatin, sme strategies can lwer its impact. One is t fcus n prviding feedback and recgnitin rather than cncrete rewards. Fr instance, praising an individual’s effrt r acknwledging their accmplishments can maintain their internal mtivatin. Additinally, allwing individuals t have autnmy and cntrl ver their tasks als wrks. By giving them the freedm t chse hw they cmplete tasks, individuals are mre likely t be internally mtivated and experience a greater sense f satisfactin and engagement.
12. What des the underlined wrd “diminishes” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Remains.B. Weakens.C. Ceases.D. Slidifies.
13 Hw did Deci prve the verjustificatin effect in the experiment?
A. By interpreting a cncept.
B. By presenting an argument.
C. By making a cmparisn.
D. By describing a phenmenn.
14. What is mainly illustrated in paragraph 3?
A. The skills needed fr a puzzle.
B. The cre elements f inner drives.
C. The impact f autnmy n cmpetence.
D. The theretical basis fr the verjustificatin effect.
15. Which serves as an example f preventing the verjustificatin effect?
A. Speaking highly f a pupil’s hard wrk.
B. Rewarding a kid with candy fr playing the vilin.
C Offering a clerk financial bnuses fr daily rutines.
D. Prmising an emplyee a decent psitin fr ding his duty.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过实验证明了过度合理化效应。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The utcme demnstrated the verjustificatin effect, which ccurs when an external stimulatin decreases a persn’s internal mtivatin t perfrm a behavir r engage in an activity.(研究结果表明，当外部刺激降低了一个人进行行为或参与活动的内在动机时，就会出现过度合理化效应)”可知，此处介绍过度合理化效应，指的是当你因为你热爱的活动而得到奖励时，你参与其中的欲望会减弱，diminish与weaken“减弱”之间为近义词，故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“After mney was remved, the grup that was previusly paid t play shwed less mtivatin t cmplete the task than the grup that was never paid and nly did the puzzle fr enjyment.(在钱被拿走后，之前被付钱玩的一组比从未被付钱只为享受而玩拼图的一组表现出更少的动力来完成任务)”可知，Deci是通过把实验人员分成两组后进行对比以证明过度合理化效应的，故选C项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Accrding t the self-determinatin thery, three cnditins are essential fr peple t feel internally mtivated and perfrm at their best: autnmy, freedm frm external restrictins; cmpetence, the need t feel capable, and relatedness, the need t feel cnnected with thers.(根据自决理论，三个条件对人们感到内在动力并发挥最佳表现至关重要：自主、不受外部限制；能力，感觉有能力的需要，以及相关性，感觉与他人有联系的需要)”可知，本段主要介绍的是过度合理化效应的理论基础，故选D项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While the verjustificatin effect can reduce mtivatin, sme strategies can lwer its impact. One is t fcus n prviding feedback and recgnitin rather than cncrete rewards. Fr instance, praising an individual’s effrt r acknwledging their accmplishments can maintain their internal mtivatin.(虽然过度合理化效应会降低动机，但一些策略会降低其影响。一种是专注于提供反馈和认可，而不是具体的奖励。例如，赞扬一个人的努力或承认他们的成就可以保持他们的内在动机)”可知，A项“高度评价一个学生的勤奋学习”可以预防过度合理化效应，故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Yur alarm ges ff n January 1. Yu frce yurself ut f bed and drag yur feet tward the bathrm, where yu glimpse a pale-faced stranger in the mirrr. ____16____. After a mment, hwever, yu think, “Wait, it’s kay because tday is New Year’s Day; there’s time t get back in shape!”
Fr many peple, the start f a new year signals the end f a perid f verindulgence (放纵) in diet. ____17____. They ften revlve arund turning neself int a fit and healthy human being. Hwever, the fact is that apprximately 80% f them are abandned befre February. Hw des that happen? ____18____. While we may have gd intentins when making reslutins, we are nt actually making enugh determinatin t live in a mre cntrlled way. Change invlves a degree f stress, and smene nt mentally equipped t handle that stress will struggle t change.
S, what can yu d t achieve yur healthy gals in the new year? One idea is t think small rather than the ppsite. ____19____. But in reality change is likely easier in smaller steps, which allws fr greater success. Anther helpful strategy is t design a persnal reward system. Finally, set cncrete gals. Instead f making a vague reslutin like “I’m ging t get in better shape this year”, make a specific ne. Fr example, “I’m ging t run fr 30 minutes every day” wuld be far mre pwerful. Mst imprtantly, remember that despite their name, New Year’s reslutins shuld be fr life. ____20____, but with suitable strategies, there is n reasn why yu cannt stick t yur reslutins permanently r at least until March.
A. Change takes time and effrt
B. Instinctively, yu step back in hrrr
C. It’s prbably related t self-discipline
D. Many peple’s plans invlve grand measures
E. The answer is likely that we shuld be cnfident
F. New Year is a great time t be with family and friends
G. In December it’s ften justified by planning New Year’s reslutins
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. C 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们执行新年计划时遇到的问题，并就如何更好地执行新年计划给出了建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Yu frce yurself ut f bed and drag yur feet tward the bathrm, where yu glimpse a pale-faced stranger in the mirrr. (你强迫自己下了床，慢慢地走向浴室，在那里你在镜子里看到了一个脸色苍白、睡眼惺忪的陌生人)”可知，此刻的自己状态极差；再根据下文“After a mment, hwever, yu think, ‘Wait, it’s kay because tday is New Year’s Day; there’s time t get back in shape!’ (然而，过了一会儿，你觉得，‘等等，没关系，因为今天是元旦，是时候恢复身材了！’)”中的“hwever”可知，空处和下文之间存在转折关系，既然下文为“it’s kay”，那么空处则与此相反，与选项B“你立刻惊恐地退了回去”中的“in hrrr”相对应。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Fr many peple, the start f a new year signals the end f a perid f verindulgence (放纵) in diet. (对许多人来说，新年的开始标志着一段时间过度放纵饮食的结束)”和下文“They ften revlve arund turning neself int a fit and healthy human being. (它们经常以把自己变成一个健康的人为中心)”可知，上文提到新年的开始标志着结束过度放纵饮食，所以把自己变得更健康应是未来的计划，G项“在12月，人们通常通过制定新年计划来证明这一点”符合语境，故选G。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Hwever, the fact is that apprximately 80% f them are abandned befre February. Hw des that happen? (然而，事实是，大约80%的计划在2月份之前就被遗弃了。这是怎么发生的？)”可知，此处提出一个问题，结合下文“While we may have gd intentins when making reslutins, we are nt actually making enugh determinatin t live in a mre cntrlled way. (当我们下定决心的时候，我们可能有很好的意图，但我们实际上并没有足够的决心来控制自己的生活)”可知，人们没有足够的决心来执行计划，故C项“这可能与自律有关”回答上文问题，与下文语义一致，故选C。
【19题详解】
下文“But in reality change is likely easier in smaller steps, which allws fr greater success. (但在现实中，小步骤的改变可能更容易，从而取得更大的成功)”提到，在现实中，小步骤的改变可能更容易，空处与下文是转折关系，故空处是说人们制定很多宏伟的计划，D项“许多人的计划都包含宏伟的措施”符合语境，故选D。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Mst imprtantly, remember that despite their name, New Year’s reslutins shuld be fr life. (最重要的是，请记住，尽管名字叫新年决心，但它应该是终身的)”可知，新年决心应该是终身的，即需要持续的努力，A项“改变需要时间和努力”符合语境，且与下文“but with suitable strategies, there is n reasn why yu cannt stick t yur reslutins permanently r at least until March. (但如果有合适的策略，你没有理由不能永远坚持你的决心，或者至少坚持到3月份)”衔接得当，故选A。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
What I will be hsting, t be exact, is a series f meditatin retreats (冥想静修) t be held this spring. During each retreat, abut a hundred ____21____ will cme here frm all ver the wrld fr a perid f a week t ten days t deepen their meditatin practices. Sme f them are ____22____, but many have never been t India. My rle is t take care f these peple during their ____23____ here. Fr mst f the retreat, the participants will be in ____24____. Fr sme f them, it will be the first time they’ve ____25____ silence as a devtinal practice, and it can be intense. Hwever, I will be the ne persn they are ____26____ t talk t if smething is ging wrng.
I can help them. I am s ____27____ t help. All the listening skills I learned as a (n) ____28____ bartender, all the antennas (直觉) I’ve ever develped thrughut my lifetime that have taught me hw t ____29____ what peple are feeling — they were all accumulated _____30_____ I culd help ease these gd peple int the difficult task they’ve _____31_____. I am s cnsumed by _____32_____ at their bravery. These peple have _____33_____ their families and lives fr a few weeks t g int silent retreat with a crwd f perfect _____34_____ in India. Nt everybdy des this in their _____35_____.
21. A. emplyeesB. retireesC. intervieweesD. devtees
22. A. passers-byB. ld-timesC. truble-makersD. peace-lvers
23. A. wrkB. stayC. turD. lecture
24. A. dubtB. memryC. silenceD. surprise
25. A. treatedB. interpretedC. describedD. experienced
26. A. cmmandedB. remindedC. frcedD. allwed
27. A. equippedB. mvedC. wantedD. mtivated
28. A. talkativeB. sympatheticC. aggressiveD. inncent
29. A. readB. recrdC. expressD. reveal
30. A. s thatB. nw thatC. in caseD. even if
31. A. put asideB. taken nC. turned dwnD. gt ver
32. A. guiltB. satisfactinC. wnderD. embarrassment
33. A. cntributed tB. relied nC. left behindD. prayed fr
34. A. strangersB. ppnentsC. friendsD. rmmates
35. A. jbB. adventureC. dreamD. lifetime
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者即将主持的一系列冥想静修活动，并描述了参与者的特点、活动安排以及作者自己在其中的角色和感受。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在每次静修期间，大约有一百名信徒将从世界各地来到这里，花一周到十天的时间来深化他们的冥想练习。A. emplyees雇员；B. retirees退休人员；C. interviewees被面试者；D. devtees献身者，信徒。根据空后的“will cme here frm all ver the wrld fr a perid f a week t ten days t deepen their meditatin practices.”可知，空处指的是冥想静修的信徒，他们会来进行冥想练习。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们中一些是老面孔，但许多人从未去过印度。A. passers-by路人；B. ld-times旧时的、故人；C. truble-makers捣乱者；D. peace-lvers热爱和平的人。根据上下文句意可知，空处指的是这些信徒中有些是老面孔，但是大多数人都未去过印度。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的职责是在这些人逗留期间照顾他们。A. wrk工作；B. stay逗留；C. tur观光；D. lecture演讲。根据上文“What I will be hsting, t be exact, is a series f meditatin retreats （冥想静修） t be held this spring. During each retreat, abut a hundred ____1____ will cme here frm all ver the wrld fr a perid f a week t ten days t deepen their meditatin practices.”可知，作者是负责这次冥想静修的人，由此可知，作者应该是在这些人逗留期间照顾他们。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在静修的大部分时间里，参与者将保持沉默。A. dubt怀疑；B. memry记忆；C. silence寂静；D. surprise惊讶、惊奇。根据下文“Fr sme f them, it will be the first time they’ve ____5____ silence as a devtinal practice, and it can be intense.”可知，在静修期间，参与者需要保持沉默。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们中的一些人来说，这将是他们第一次体验静默的禅修。A. treated对待；B. interpreted口译、翻译；C. described描述；D. experienced经历。根据空后的“as a devtinal practice”可知，他们需要经历静默的禅修。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果出了什么问题，我将是他们唯一可以倾诉的人。A. cmmanded命令；B. reminded提醒；C. frced强迫；D. allwed允许。根据上文“Fr mst f the retreat, the participants will be in ____4____.”可知，静修期间，参与者要保持沉默。由此可知，如果出了问题，他们只被允许和我诉说。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以帮助他们。我很有能力提供帮助。A. equipped装备；B. mved移动；C. wanted想要；D. mtivated激发。根据下文“All the listening skills I learned as a (n) ____8____ bartender, all the antennas （直觉） I’ve ever develped thrughut my lifetime that have taught me hw t ____9____ what peple are feeling — they were all accumulated ____10____ I culd help ease these gd peple int the difficult task they’ve ____11____.”可知，作者具备帮助他们的能力。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个会产生共鸣的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. talkative健谈的；B. sympathetic有同情心的、共鸣的；C. aggressive攻击性的、有进取心的；D. inncent无辜的、清白的。根据空前“All the listening skills I learned”以及空后的“bartender”可知，作为一名调酒师需要了解顾客的感受，和顾客产生共鸣。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. read阅读、读懂；B. recrd记录；C. express表达；D. reveal揭示。根据空前的“all the antennas （直觉）”以及空后的“what peple are feeling”可知，空处指的是这些直觉能够让作者读懂人们的感受。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. s that以至于、为了；B. nw that既然；C. in case以防；D. even if即使。根据空前“they were all accumulated”以及空后“I culd help ease these gd peple int the difficult task they’ve ____11____.”可知，空处考查目的状语从句的引导词。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我作为一个富有同情心的调酒师学到的所有倾听技巧，以及我一生中培养的所有直觉，这些都教会了我如何读懂人们的感受——所有这些积累都是为了帮助这些好人完成他们承担的艰巨任务。A. put aside储存、保留；B. taken n承担、呈现；C. turned dwn调低、拒绝；D. gt ver克服。根据空前的“task”可知，这些积累是为了帮助这些人完成他们所承担的任务。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对他们的勇敢感到惊奇。A. guilt内疚、罪行；B. satisfactin满意；C. wnder奇迹、惊奇；D. embarrassment尴尬。根据空后的“at their bravery.”以及“These peple have ____13____ their families and lives fr a few weeks t g int silent retreat with a crwd f perfect ____14____ in India.”可知，作者被这些人的勇敢所折服。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这些人抛下了他们的家庭和生活，前往印度和一群完全陌生的人一起进行静默静修，为期几周。A. cntributed t做贡献、有助于；B. relied n依赖；C. left behind留下、抛下；D. prayed fr为……祈祷。根据上文内容可知，这些人是前来静修，也就是说他们抛下了自己的家庭和生活。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些人抛下了他们的家庭和生活，前往印度和一群完全陌生的人一起进行静默静修，为期几周。A. strangers陌生人；B. ppnents对手、反对者；C. friends朋友；D. rmmates室友。根据上文内容可知，这些人来自世界各地，由此可知，他人对他们而言都是陌生人。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不是每个人在他们的一生中都会这样做。A. jb工作；B. adventure冒险；C. dream梦想；D. lifetime一生。根据上文可知，作者对这些人的勇气感到震惊，因为不是每个人在自己的一生中会这样做。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Incense (香) basts a lng histry,_____36_____its rts in many cultures-ancient China, ancient Egypt, Babyln and beynd. Peple frm all walks f life benefit frm its cuntless qualities, whether they use it fr pleasure_____37_____as medicine.
Since the Tang and Sng dynasties, burning incense, hanging paintings, making tea, and enjying music have been knwn as the “fur arts fr literati (文人)”.____38____(make) frm seeds, leaves and flwers, incense has been used as an enjyable ____39____(pursue) fr schlars.
Mrever, medical incense is an essential part f Traditinal Chinese Medicine, which cnsiders preventative healthcare as ____40____far superir frm f treatment when illness strikes.
____41____(basic), medical incense can kill bacteria in the envirnment, prtecting peple against infectins. It is als believed ____42____(pssess) the ability t balance the flw f Qi, a vital energy frce within the bdy. Once the medical elements within incense are breathed in, they sn find____43____(they) way int the bldstream. Frm there they g directly t the rgans_____44_____treatment assistance is needed. The specific types f incense_____45_____(chse) based n the individual’s cnditin, aiming t restre balance and prmte well-being.
【答案】36. with
37. r 38. Made
39. pursuit
40. a 41. Basically
42. t pssess
43. their 44. where
45. are chsen
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是香在许多文化中拥有悠久的历史，并且被人们广泛使用，无论是作为享乐还是药物。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：香在许多文化中拥有悠久的历史，其源头可以追溯到古代中国、古代埃及、巴比伦等地。分析句子，设空处使用介词与后面的its rts构成介词短语。此处表示“有着”使用介词with。故填with。
【37题详解】
考查连词。句意：各行各业的人都受益于它的无数特质，无论是用来娱乐还是作为药物。分析句子，句中whether…r…为固定短语，意为“无论是……还是……”。故填r。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：香由种子、叶子和花朵制成，一直是学者们追求的一种享受。分析句子，句中has been used为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，同时incense与make之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Made。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用pursue的名词pursuit作宾语，意为“追求”。故填pursuit。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：此外，医学香是中医的重要组成部分，中医认为预防保健是疾病发作时的一种优越的治疗方式。分析句子，句中frm为可数名词，此处表示泛指，故使用不定冠词；同时空后的far首字母为辅音音素。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：基本上，药香可以杀死环境中的细菌，保护人们免受感染。分析句子，设空处使用basic的副词basically作状语，修饰句子，意为“基本上地”，同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Basically。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它还被认为具有平衡气的能力，气是人体内的一种重要能量。句中it is believed t d为固定短语，it为形式主语，不定式结构为真正的主语。故填t pssess。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：一旦熏香中的医学成分被吸入，它们很快就会进入血液。分析句子，设空处使用they的形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：从那里，它们直接进入需要治疗帮助的器官。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，意为“在器官中”表示地点。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：具体类型的香是根据个人的情况选择的，旨在恢复平衡和促进健康。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。同时the specific types f incense与chse之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are chsen。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，留学生朋友Peter借给你一本英文名著《飘》(Gne with the Wind)，可是你不小心损坏了。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1表示道歉；
2.解释损坏原因；
3.提出补救办法。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m writing t express my sincere aplgy fr the accidental damage t the English classic Gne with the Wind yu kindly lent me.
Yesterday evening I was absrbed in the bk when I carelessly kncked dwn the cup, the ht water puring ver the bk. I was upset that the whle bk was in bad shape. Knwing hw precius the bk is t yu, I’m terribly srry fr any incnvenience caused.
I expect t make it up t yu by replacing the bk with a new cpy. I’ve purchased ne nline, which will be sent t yu in 3 days. I hpe this unfrtunate incident wn’t affect ur friendship. Please accept my heartfelt aplgy.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。留学生朋友Peter借给你一本英文名著《飘》(Gne with the Wind)，可是你不小心损坏了。要求考生给他写封邮件道歉，同时解释损坏原因并提出补救办法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
衷心的：sincere → heartfelt
全神贯注于：be absrbed in → cncentrate n
珍贵的：precius→ valuable
非常：terribly → awfully
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I was upset that the whle bk was in bad shape.
拓展句：I was upset because the whle bk was in bad shape.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knwing hw precius the bk is t yu, I’m terribly srry fr any incnvenience caused. (运用了现分词作原因状语)
[高分句型2] I’ve purchased ne nline, which will be sent t yu in 3 days. (运用了关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In a huse far frm the city lived Jhn and his mther. Jhn’s nly hbby was wandering in the nearby picturesque frest. In its center was a shiny clear lake with schls f fish dancing in it. Fascinated by the beauty and liveliness f nature, he desired t becme a great artist and present all the breathtaking scenes t the wrld.
Jhn studied in the lcal primary schl. Life was nt easy fr Jhn and his mm after his father died. Knwing what hard wrk his mther did t make ends meet, Jhn, really didn’t want his mther t wrry. His mther knew the significance f educatin in life but she was against his dream f becming an artist. “The prfessin f artist can’t aid a persn in meeting his daily expenses,” she wuld say. But as each day passed, Jhn’s dream: became mre passinate.
Due t the living circumstances, even buying sme new clrs wuld be a luxury. Jhn nly used the wrn drawing file and limited clrs fr his daily practice. He never gave up drawing. He spent a significant amunt f time staying in — the frest, secretly perfecting his craft. With cntinuus hard wrk and a distinct gift fr art, he drew beautifully.
One day Jhn read abut a cmpetitin being held in the twn, whse deadline was nly tw days away. He gt the perfect pprtunity t fulfill his desire but he was in a dilemma as fr the cmpetitin he needed special paints and sme brushes. He didn’t have the curage t ask his mther fr mney as he knew her prejudice against art.
That evening his mm returned frm wrk and handed him a few paper ntes, saying, “This is fr yur lunch at schl next fur days.” He wrked up the curage hping t ask his mther if she culd give him sme mre mney s that he culd participate in the cmpetitin, but finally, cnsidering the family’s financial difficulties, he swallwed the wrds.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Lking at the ntes n the desk the next day, Jhn was lst in thught.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At the award ceremny Jhn was abut t speak when he saw his mther.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
Lking at the ntes n the desk the next day, Jhn was lst in thught. “Shuld I use the mney fr the cmpetitin”, he asked himself, balancing his passin fr painting against his lunches t be lst. Lve fr art beating the ther, he bught paints and brushes with sme f the ntes, and dashed t sign up fr it, after which he put his heart and sul int finishing painting. After handing it in, he went hme, his dancing heart ready t jump frm his bdy. Weeks later, t his great surprise, a call came annuncing that he had wn the first place and he was invited t give a speech at the award ceremny.
At the award ceremny Jhn was abut t speak when he saw his mther. Wild excitement tk hld f him, but he calmed dwn and began his speech, in which he expressed appreciatin fr the glden pprtunity t shw his lve fr painting and share the jy. After a shrt pause, he said emtinally, “Abve all, I shuld be grateful t the greatest wman in my mind — my belved mther. Cme n stage, dear mum!” Then his mther went frward, with thunderus applause and cheers almst shting thrugh the rf. Excited tears streaming dwn her cheeks, she hugged her sn tightly, saying she had knwn all and wuld supprt his passin with all energy and strength.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Jhn喜欢画画，但是家里很穷，无法支持他追求这个梦想。虽然母亲不支持他画画，但是他还是想尽办法坚持。有一天，他得知镇上正在举行绘画比赛，他很高兴，但是却没有钱买绘画用品。恰好这天妈妈给了他接下来四天的午餐费。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“第二天，Jhn看着桌上的钞票，陷入了沉思”可知，第一段可描写Jhn拿午餐钱买了颜料和画笔去参加比赛，获得了一等奖，被邀参加颁奖典礼。
②由第二段首句内容“在颁奖典礼上，Jhn正要发言，这时他看见了他的母亲”可知，第二段可描写Jhn发表获奖感言，表达对母亲的感谢，以及母亲的反应。
2. 续写线索：沉思——买东西并参赛——得知获奖——颁奖典礼——发表演讲并感谢母亲——母亲的反应
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①冲：dash/rush/race
②完成：finish/cmplete
③发表演讲：give a speech/deliver a speech
④拥抱：hug/embrace
情绪类
①惊讶：surprise/astnishment
②激动：excitement/thrill
【点睛】[高分句型1] Lve fr art beating the ther, he bught paints and brushes with sme f the ntes, and dashed t sign up fr it, after which he put his heart and sul int finishing painting.（独立主格结构作状语、由“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] Weeks later, t his great surprise, a call came annuncing that he had wn the first place and he was invited t give a speech at the award ceremny.（由连接词that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型3] Excited tears streaming dwn her cheeks, she hugged her sn tightly, saying she had knwn all and wuld supprt his passin with all energy and strength.（独立主格结构作状语、现在分词短语saying…作状语）
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