2025版高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第三册Unit4AdversityandCourage提能训练

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第三册Unit4AdversityandCourage提能训练，共12页。
(2024·石家庄市质检)
In Grytviken n Suth Gergia Island in the Suth Atlantic Ocean lies the Suth Gergia Museum, ne f the mst remte museums in the wrld.
Suth Gergia Museum is lcated in the island's ld whaling statin.Whaling, r the hunting f whales fr their usable natural prducts, such as meat and il, ceased there in 1964.The building that nw huses the museum nce served as the whaling manager's hme and ffice and went unused fr ver 20 years befre it pened t the public as a museum in 1992.
There are n passenger flights t r frm Grytviken, s the majrity f visitrs arrive n a ship.The island itself nly sees abut 10,000 visitrs a year and there are n permanent residents, nly a grup f 20 scientists, maintenance staff, and museum wrkers wh brave the island's cld weather cnditins.Traveling t the museum requires advance planning.Suth Gergia Museum staff all travel t the island frm abrad fr the suthern hemisphere (半球) spring, r mid-Octber, and mst cme frm the United Kingdm, arund 8,000 miles nrth.
The museum, which ffers free admissin, “aims t make this histry and heritage accessible bth t the visiting public and t thse unable t visit this remte regin thrugh educatin, exhibitins and utreach”， accrding t its website.It huses a natural histry cllectin, artifacts, exhibitins related t the early histry f sealing and whaling as well as Antarctic explrer, Sir Ernest Shackletn, and mre.The museum rms are named after individuals wh cntributed t the grwth r cnservatin f the island in sme way.
The temperature is ideal fr visitrs Octber thrugh December, but still, daytime highs dn't ften reach abve 40 degrees Fahrenheit.Fr thse wh wrk there, Internet access is patchy and fresh fd ptins are rare.It's nt a place fr everyne, but fr the staff that calls it hme fr parts f the year; it's a unique frm f paradise.“Stepping away frm the wrld has been a treat，”said Pierce, ne f the staff.
语篇导读：文章主要介绍了位于南大西洋的古利德维肯岛上的南乔治亚博物馆。
1．What can we learn abut the Suth Gergia Museum?
D
A．It is accessible t visitrs by air.
B．It has 20 maintenance wrkers.
C．It pened t the public in 1964.
D．It used t be a whaling statin.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话可知，现在博物馆所在的建筑曾经是捕鲸经理的家和办公室，在1992年作为博物馆向公众开放之前，它已经闲置了20多年。由此可知，南乔治亚博物馆曾经是一个捕鲸站。故选D。
2．Wh are the rms f the museum named after？ C
A．Managers f the whaling statin.
B．Adventurers explring the Antarctic.
C．Thse wh made cntributins t the island.
D．Individuals wh cnserved whales frm extinctin.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“The museum rms are named after individuals wh cntributed t the grwth r cnservatin f the island in sme way.”可知，该博物馆的房间是以对该岛的发展或保护作出贡献的个人的姓名命名的。故选C。
3．What des the underlined wrd “patchy” mean in the last paragraph？ A
A．Pr. B．Easy.
C．Free. D．Quick.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“fresh fd ptins are rare”可知，此处描述的是在那里工作的条件很艰苦，由此可推知， patchy 应该表示“时好时坏的，不稳定的”，和A项意思相近。故选A。
4．In which clumn f a website can we prbably find this text？ C
A．Animals. B．Peple.
C．Travel. D．News.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段及最后一段的“The temperature is ideal fr visitrs Octber thrugh December”可知，本篇文章主要介绍位于南大西洋的古利德维肯的南乔治亚博物馆，所以可能是选自于旅游一栏。故选C。
B
(2024·昆明市质检)
An Arizna aquarium is celebrating the hatching f three endangered African penguin chicks, saying the tiny additins are genetically(从基因方面) valuable as zs and aquariums arund the wrld wrk t insure the species' survival thrugh breeding(培育) prgrams and cnservatin effrts.
Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the annuncement n Friday, psting vide f the cute birds n scial media.They hatched a few weeks ag and will remain behind the scenes with their parents until they're ready fr a public appearance.
African penguins have suffered a massive ppulatin decline ver the decades and are listed as endangered animals by the Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature.S any successful hatching is cause fr celebratin, said Jess Peranteau, directr f animal care and educatin at the aquarium.
“As the ppulatin f the African penguin cntinues t rapidly decline—dwn 23% in the past tw years alne—OdySea Aquarium remains cmmitted t the survival f the species in partnership with ther Assciatin f Zs and Aquariums，” Peranteau said in a statement.The breeding prgram established by the assciatin aims t build up a gene bank fr the species.
Officials say tw f the three new chicks in Scttsdale were brn t parents Mj and Lemieux—a pwer cuple f srts that was selected fr pairing as part f the breeding prgram.The third chick was brn t first-time parents Bubbles and Weasley.
Aquarium wrkers will regularly cnduct “chick checks”， brief exams t mnitr their grwth and develpment and insure they are hitting all necessary milestnes.The three chicks have yet t be named, and their sex hasn't yet been determined.Fr nw they're knwn by their numbers, 42, 43 and 44.In all, OdySea Aquarium nw has 40 African penguins and has recrded 13 successful hatchings.
语篇导读：本文通过介绍欧迪西亚水族馆庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，围绕欧迪西亚水族馆与其他动物园及水族馆致力于该物种生存所作出的一系列努力以及所取得的成绩展开介绍。
5．Hw did OdySea Aquarium celebrate the birth f the chicks？ B
A．By advertising its breeding prgram.
B．By uplading a vide f them nline.
C．By hlding a cntest t name them.
D．By ffering a free visit t the z.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Officials at OdySea Aquarium made the annuncement n Friday, psting vide f the cute birds n scial media.”可知，欧迪西亚水族馆的官方人员将这些可爱的企鹅幼崽的视频发布在网上，以此庆祝三只企鹅幼崽的诞生。故选B。
6．What is special abut OdySea Aquarium？ D
A．It wrks n its wn t prtect penguins.
B．It aims t create new habitats fr penguins.
C．It has hatched 40 African penguins s far.
D．It fcuses n the survival f the penguins.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“OdySea Aquarium remains cmmitted t the survival f the species in partnership with ther Assciatin f Zs and Aquariums”可知，欧迪西亚水族馆与其他动物园和水族馆协会合作致力于企鹅的生存问题，即该水族馆关注企鹅的生存。故选D。
7．What can we learn abut the three penguin chicks？ D
A．They were brn t the same parents.
B．They were raised by a pwer cuple.
C．Their gender has been identified.
D．Their grwth is mnitred clsely.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Aquarium wrkers will regularly cnduct ‘chick checks’， brief exams t mnitr their grwth and develpment and insure they are hitting all necessary milestnes.”可知，水族馆工作人员将定期进行“幼崽检查”，以监测它们的成长和发育。由此可推断，这三只幼崽将在密切监测下成长。故选D。
8．Which is the text mainly abut？ A
A．Endangered penguin chicks hatch at OdySea Aquarium.
B．Penguin chicks make their first appearance in public.
C．African penguins suffer a sharp decline in ppulatins.
D．Newly-brn penguins are taken gd care f in zs.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍欧迪西亚水族馆庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，围绕欧迪西亚水族馆与其他动物园及水族馆致力于该物种生存所作出的一系列努力以及所取得的成绩展开介绍。由此可知，本文的主题是濒危非洲企鹅幼崽在欧迪西亚水族馆孵化。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·河北省沧州市普高质监)
Mawsn was an Australian explrer and scientist wh explred the Antarctic with a team f fellw adventurers in 1912.His travels in the frzen cntinent brught him wrldwide 1.A .In December f that year, Mawsn and tw ther 2.B left the main base at Cmmnwealth Bay, 3.C a 300-mile explratin int the central part f the cntinent t gather scientific data and samples. 4.D fllwed.
One f the men, a yung British sldier named Belgrave Ninnis, 5.B dwn an pen crack n a sledge, alng with several f their best dgs and many f the team's supplies, dead.Fr several weeks, the tw thers, 6.C with scurvy(坏血病)and ther 7.D , struggled t return t camp, keeping living first n the 8.A dgs, then n starvatin fd. 9.A , Xavier Mertz, a Swiss muntaineer and skiing champin, died frm exhaustin, starvatin and pssible pisnusness frm eating dgs' livers.
10.C t return with the research data, Mawsn 11.B the elements fr 30 days.Finally he returned t the 12.C in February f 1913, extremely thin, frst-bitten and exhausted—nly t 13.B he had missed the ship rescuing the rest f the 14.D by hurs.Mawsn was regarded as a survivr her.Fr his achievements as an explrer and scientist, he was knighted(封爵)in 1914.In additin t his ther 15.A , Mawsn edited and cntributed t the 22-vlume Reprts f Australasian Antarctic Expeditins.
语篇导读：这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mawsn带领队伍进行南极大陆中部探险时遇难，Mawsn挣扎着生存下来，并将研究数据成功带回的故事。
1．A.praise B．trust
C．wrry D．criticism
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在这片冰冻的大陆上的旅行为他赢得了全世界的赞誉。A.praise赞扬；B.trust信任；C.wrry担心；D.criticism批评。根据下文“Mawsn was regarded as a survivr her.Fr his achievements as an explrer and scientist, he was knighted(封爵)in 1914.”推知，Mawsn的探索受到了全世界的赞誉。故选A。
2．A.celebrities B．explrers
C．athletes D．astrnmers
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当年12月，Mawsn和另外两名探险者离开了联邦湾的主要基地，开始了对南极大陆中部300英里的探索，以收集科学数据和样本。A.celebrities名人；B.explrers探险者；C.athletes运动员；D.astrnmers天文学家。根据上文“Mawsn was an Australian explrer and scientist wh explred the Antarctic with a team f fellw adventurers in 1912.”可知，他们是去探索南极大陆，因此是和另外两名探险者一起。故选B。
3．A.putting ff B．shwing ff
C．kicking ff D．letting ff
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：当年12月，Mawsn和另外两名探险者离开了联邦湾的主要基地，开始了对南极大陆中部300英里的探索，以收集科学数据和样本。A.putting ff推迟；B.shwing ff炫耀；C.kicking ff开始；D.letting ff释放。根据“a 300-mile explratin int the central part f the cntinent t gather scientific data and samples”可知，此处是指开始了对南极大陆中部的探索。故选C。
4．A.Wnders B．Bnuses
C．Frtunes D．Disasters
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：灾难随之而来。A.Wnders奇迹；B.Bnuses奖金，红利；C.Frtunes财富；D.Disasters灾难。根据下文“ 5 dwn an pen crack n a sledge, alng with several f their best dgs and many f the team's supplies, dead.Fr several weeks, the tw thers, 6 with scurvy(坏血病)”可知，开始探索之行后不久灾难就随之而来。故选D。
5．A.tk B．fell
C．lked D．wandered
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一名名叫贝尔格雷夫·尼尼斯的年轻英国男士兵从雪橇上的一条裂缝中摔了下来，连同他们最好的几只狗和团队的许多补给，死了。A.tk带；B.fell落下；C.lked看，看起来；D.wandered游荡，闲逛。根据“an pen crack n a sledge, alng with several f their best dgs and many f the team's supplies, dead”推知，这个年轻士兵从雪橇的缝隙中摔下去了。故选B。
6．A.adjusted B．circulated
C．infected D．cnfused
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个星期以来，另外两名感染了坏血病和其他疾病的人挣扎着回到营地，先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠扛饥饿的食物生活。A.adjusted校对，适应；B.circulated循环；C.infected感染；D.cnfused使……困惑。根据“scurvy”可知，此处是指感染坏血病。故选C。
7．A.cures B．disabilities
C．errrs D．illnesses
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个星期以来，另外两名感染了坏血病和其他疾病的人挣扎着回到营地，先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠扛饥饿的食物生活。A.cures治愈的方法；B.disabilities残疾；C.errrs错误；D.illnesses疾病。此处和上文“scurvy”并列，指感染坏血病和其他疾病。故选D。
8．A.remaining B．wild
C．fierce D．hunting
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个星期以来，另外两名感染了坏血病和其他疾病的人挣扎着回到营地，先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠扛饥饿的食物生活。A.remaining剩下的；B.wild野生的；C.fierce猛烈的；D.hunting打猎。根据上文“alng with several f their best dgs and many f the team's supplies, dead”可知，此处是指在食物匮乏的情况下，靠吃剩下的雪橇犬生活。故选A。
9．A.Ultimately B．Nevertheless
C．Temprarily D．Meanwhile
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，瑞士登山运动员和滑雪冠军泽维尔·默茨死于疲劳、饥饿和可能因吃狗肝脏而中毒。A.Ultimately最后；B.Nevertheless然而；C.Temprarily暂时；D.Meanwhile同时。根据上文的“first”“then”可知，此处是指最终来自瑞士的泽维尔·默茨死于疲劳、饥饿和中毒。故选A。
10．A.Discuraged B．Relieved
C．Determined D．Frightened
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mawsn决心带着研究数据回来，与大自然抗争了30天。A.Discuraged沮丧的；B.Relieved放松的；C.Determined坚定的，决定；D.Frightened害怕的。根据下文“Finally he returned t the 12 in February f 1913, extremely thin, frst-bitten and exhausted”推知，Mawsn决心带着研究数据回去。故选C。
11．A.cmbined B．battled
C．cntained D．intrduced
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mawsn决心带着研究数据回来，与大自然抗争了30天。A.cmbined结合；B.battled斗争，搏斗；C.cntained包含；D.intrduced介绍。根据下文“Finally he returned t the 12 in February f 1913, extremely thin.frst-bitten and exhausted”推知，Mawsn与大自然抗争了30天，变得瘦弱疲惫不堪。故选B。
12．A.center B．nrmal
C．base D．campus
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，他在1913年2月回到基地，身体非常瘦弱，被冻伤，疲惫不堪，却发现他错过了营救其他成员的船好几个小时。A.center中心；B.nrmal正常，常态；C.base基地；D.campus校园。根据上文“Mawsn and tw ther 2 left the main base at Cmmnwealth Bay”可知，此处指Mawsn带着研究数据回到了基地。故选C。
13．A.predict B．discver
C．cmplain D．explain
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他在1913年2月回到基地，身体非常瘦弱，被冻伤，疲惫不堪，却发现他错过了营救其他成员的船好几个小时。A.predict预测；B.discver发现；C.cmplain抱怨；D.explain解释。根据“he had missed the ship rescuing the rest f the 14 by hurs”可知，Mawsn回到基地后发现他错过了营救船，不然也不会遭遇那么多苦难。故选B。
14．A.passengers B．witnesses
C．rescuers D．crew
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，他在1913年2月回到基地，身体非常瘦弱，被冻伤，疲惫不堪，却发现他错过了营救其他成员的船好几个小时。A.passengers乘客；B.witnesses目击者；C.rescuers营救人员；D.crew全体船员，全体成员。根据上文“Mawsn was an Australian explrer and scientist wh explred the Antarctic with a team f fellw adventurers in 1912.”可知，此处是指探险队的其他成员。故选D。
15．A.achievements B．references
C．services D．subjects
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了其他成就外，Mawsn还编辑并贡献了22卷本的《澳大拉西亚南极考察报告》。A.achievements成就；B.references参考书；C.services服务；D.subjects科目，对象。根据上文“Fr his achievements as an explrer and scientist, he was knighted(封爵)in 1914.”可知，此处指除了提到的这些成就外，Mawsn还编辑了书籍。故选A。
Ⅲ.七选五
(2024·潍坊市摸底)
T put int wrds my time in Antarctica and Suth Gergia is nearly impssible.I had always described it as a nce-in-a-lifetime experience, but as sn as I stepped ft n the cntinent, I immediately knew I needed t return.
1.D Abut 50% f the passengers f ur expeditin (远征) had been t Antarctica at least nce befre.This ges t shw just hw magical f a destinatin it is.
That all yur senses will be stimulated is the best way I can describe the time n the white cntinent.Hw tiny yu feel next t twering glaciers and icebergs.The icy water mving thrugh yur bdy as yu take the infamus Plar Plunge.The learning f heart-tuching stries f survival frm explrers f the past. 2.A
Antarctica makes yu feel s small and insignificant, in the best way. 3.G Yu get frnt rw seats t witness the mst incredible shw: nature.It is as much beautiful as cruel.Fr example, when yu see a brwn skua(贼鸥) attacking a penguin chick, yur heart aches.Then yur expeditin guide regretfully tells yu that a chick that is small in March wuld have very slim chances f surviving the upcming winter.The cycle cntinues, and yu're left wndering wh t rt fr.
Things mve fast in Antarctica, and every mnth ffers smething really unique and special t see.In March, the weather is a bit mre unpredictable, and the sea ice is beginning t frm again. 4.C In tw mre weeks, expeditin ships wuld nt be able t break thrugh the ice.
The penguins are cmpleting their yearly feather-changing prcess. 5.F The expeditin team made sure we kept ur distance and did nt scare them int hiding under freezing water.
These animals, arguably the cutest yu will ever see, survive such unfavrable envirnments.It's abslutely incredible t witness the challenges, the skill, the effrts, all f it.I am frever grateful t have been a visitr.
A．The list ges n.
B．But this is nt always the case.
C．Our vyage was the last f the seasn.
D．I was nt the nly ne wh felt this way.
E．I, years later, did return t this fascinating place.
F．They are really weak during this time, and cannt dive.
G．Everything has a purpse, and the cycle f life is evident.
语篇导读：本文记叙了作者南极洲旅行的经历和感受。
解析：
1．根据上文中的“I immediately knew I needed t return”可知，作者认为自己需要再次来到这个地方，空后讲到了“Abut 50% f the passengers f ur expeditin (远征) had been t Antarctica at least nce befre”，空处承上启下，应该会讲到不是只有作者有这样的感觉，其他人也有类似的感受，D项符合语境。故选D。
2．根据本段的“all yur senses will be stimulated”可知，本段主要在讲作者的感官感受。空前举了几个例子，A项“这样的例子还有很多”符合语境。故选A。
3．根据本段中的“It is as much cycle cntinues, and yu're left wndering wh t rt fr”可推知，生命周期绵延不息，G项“一切皆有意义，生命周期显而易见”符合语境。故选G。
4．根据空前和空后内容可知，此处内容应与去南极洲旅行的时间有关，C项“我们的航行是该季节的最后一次”符合语境。故选C。
5．空前讲企鹅正处于换毛季，空后说探险队保证我们不把它们吓到藏在极冷的水下，F项“它们在这段时间真的虚弱且不能下潜”符合语境。且F项中的They指的就是企鹅， this time指的正是“their yearly feather-changing prcess”。故选F。
Ⅳ.读后续写
(2023·湖南省五市联考)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Je and I had been lking frward t ur retirement.Hwever, when he suffered a heart attack last spring, he was frced t leave his jb as a truck driver earlier than we had planned.As the medical bills increased, we realized I wuld have t cntinue wrking full-time while Je stayed hme and tk ver the husewrk.
This new arrangement was a disaster.One night, when I dragged myself t bed, I was hrrified t discver Je had turned ur white sheets blue.He tld me he had fund ut hw t save n water, sap and electricity.He patted his blue trusers and annunced prudly washing everything tgether was the secret.
When I awke t the deafening rain the next mrning, all I wanted was a ht hme-cked meal.Hwever, what greeted me at the table was a micrwave package.I knew my husband had his faults, but I thught he at least knew hw t ck! I knew if I didn't leave the huse sn I wuld lse my temper with him.As the heavy rain thundered dwn utside, Je ffered t drive me t wrk.I ignred him as I struggled int my jacket and seized my bag with my teaching plans inside.
He insisted that he wuld take me and reached fr his bts.I lked at the piles f newspapers and the dirty dishes still n the table.“Dn't yu have enugh t d？I can take care f myself，” I strmed ut, nt even kissing him gdbye.Je shuted after me nt t take the shrtcut(捷径)．
Ten minutes later, I ignred Je's warning and turned ff the main rute t take the shrtcut.I thught it hadn't rained enugh t fld the rad, but as I runded the crner, water rushed acrss my path.After a few feet, the car gt stuck.I pened the dr and water pured in.I hurriedly clsed the dr.I culdn't risk walking in this.Almst 20 minutes passed.The car began t shake.I gt the fright f my life when I heard three lng hnks(喇叭声)．
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Lking ver my shulder, I stared int the flashing lights f a familiar truck.
After getting t ur warm hme, Je held my hand tight.
【写作提示】
参考范文：
Lking ver my shulder, I stared int the flashing lights f a familiar truck.I realized that Je had cme t rescue me.My heart danced with jy when I heard Je's vice.Fllwing his instructins, I climbed ut f the sunrf.When I gt ut, I fund that Je had turned the truck rund fr me t get n.Je drve t higher grund.He rapidly gt ut f the vehicle and helped me int the passenger's seat.When I thught abut hw I had treated him earlier, my eyes watered n ur way back hme.
After getting t ur warm hme, Je held my hand tight.He was wet all ver, but wrapped a blanket arund me first.In a whispering vice, he admitted it was his fault fr nt ding the husewrk prperly.It didn't make me angry anymre when I thught f Je's heric rescue.I als realized that ur current life was new t bth f us.We had t allw each ther the time t get used t it.With this thught, I pened my arms t Je and said, “Darling, I frgive yu.”
故事人物
作者、作者的丈夫乔
主要事件
因为丈夫乔生病，于是作者主外工作，丈夫乔主内做家务，但作者总是会看到一团糟的家务。在下暴雨的一天，作者气冲冲地开车离开家，忽略了乔的提醒，走了捷径，结果陷入了困境。
情节分析
根据两段提示语可知，第一段可描写乔及时赶到，帮助作者脱离困境，两人安全到家；第二段则描写乔对作者表示关心并承认错误，作者理解并原谅丈夫。