2024年北京市东城区高三下学期综合练习(一)(高考一模)英语试卷含详解

这是一份2024年北京市东城区高三下学期综合练习(一)(高考一模)英语试卷含详解，共27页。试卷主要包含了 4， 5分，共15分)等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2024. 4
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In 2019, Thierry Henry, a bus driver, fund there was a rise in bike thefts in his city, Reykjavik. Rather than ____1____ that the bike was gne frever, he decided t take matters int his wn hands and started t track dwn the bikes and return them t their ____2____ wners.
The 44-year-ld has helped return hundreds f stlen bikes in the past 4 years. His scial media accunt has ver 14, 500 members and helps peple track dwn mre than just lst bikes. His page ____3____ t peple wh have lst tls, cars and ther items f high value. On tp f his nble act, Henry has helped the bike ____4____ t refrm in the prcess.
____5____, Henry wuld deal with the thieves with anger. Hwever, ver time, he realized that mst f the thefts were driven ut f pverty and ther issues. He went frm feeling ____6____ twards the thieves, t develping empathy (同理心) fr their situatins. It was very tugh at first. But Henry decided t try t ____7____ them and just talk t them.
Frm this mment nward, he reached ut t the thieves, ffering help and guidance. After the change in his ____8____, Henry fund that the bike thieves began t ften hand back the bikes t him. Amazingly, sme frmer thieves that Henry helped nw ____9____ him in lking fr the stlen bikes.
“It’s like a ____10____ that has gt bigger and bigger, ” says Henry. “It’s nt nly me. Many times, smene spts a bike hidden in a bush and takes a picture. Then smene else cmments, ‘hey, that’s my bike’”.
Thanks t Henry, everyne’s lking ut.
1.
A. claimB. expectC. acceptD. realize
2.
A. newB. hnestC. carelessD. rightful
3.
A. belngsB. extendsC. returnsD. refers
4.
A wnersB. makersC. thievesD. sellers
5.
A. InitiallyB. UnknwinglyC. IncrediblyD. Unwillingly
6.
A. regretfullyB. negativelyC. guiltilyD. helplessly
7.
A. level withB. reply tC. side withD. aplgize t
8.
A. planB. ccupatinC. habitD. apprach
9.
A. assistB. trustC. engageD. drag
10.
A. dreamB. snwballC. rainbwD. balln
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
语法填空
When I lived in Bstn, I taught English as a secnd language t adult students frm arund the wrld. On the last day, they threw a nice party. I was amazed they had learned enugh English ____11____ (rganize) such an event altgether. At the end f the party, they prudly handed me a gift bx. After the bx ____12____ (pen), I gently lifted a beautiful cat frm it. “We went shpping fr a new cat!” they all shuted ____13____ wnderfully perfect English.
B
语法填空
In early Nvember in 2023, a diver, swimming ff the cast f Sardinia, ____14____ (ntice) pieces f metal n the cean flr. He called the authrities and mre divers were sent t lk. The pieces turned ut t be ancient Rman cins. The cins mstly lay ____15____ (bury) in sand and seagrass nt far frm the cast. It is said that mre than 30, 000 cins have been fund, ____16____ are clse t 2, 000 years ld. Experts call this a majr histrical discvery.
C
语法填空
ChatGPT is a chatbt. Sme schls ____17____ (ban) it since its birth. They need time t make rules abut ____18____ it’s t be used prperly in class. Sme teachers see it as a ____19____ (cheat) tl. But many principals believe it’s t late t keep AI ut f classrms. A grwing number f ____20____ (educate) say the panic abut AI is a lt like the panic caused by the Internet when it was new. One f them says “ChatGPT is t English and t writing what the calculatr is t math.”
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Are yu lking fr teen vlunteer pprtunities fr 2024 that prvide a rewarding experience that will stay with yu fr life? Every year thusands f teens chse t vlunteer abrad with Internatinal Vlunteer HQ(IVHQ)-the wrld’s mst trusted prvider f safe and affrdable vlunteer prgrams fr teens.
Service trips fr teens are available in mre than 50 destinatins and there are 17 teen vlunteer prgrams fr 16 t 18 year-lds. Sme f the best prgrams in 2024 include Turtle Cnservatin in Bali, Animal Care in Csta Rica and Childcare in Tanzania. Or, if yu’re wanting t vlunteer with a grup f students frm yur high schl, IVHQ can tailr a prgram fr yur grup t!
Benefits fr vlunteers:
There is n dubt that vlunteering as a teenager is a meaningful way t braden yur educatin and add experiences that will stand ut n yur cllege applicatin.
Crssing bundaries t wrk with partners frm different parts f the wrld fsters glbal understanding
Living in a cuntry different t yur wn means that yu will be invlved in a new culture, cuisine, and way f thinking.
Guaranteed supprt:
Chances are yur parents will als want t learn mre abut IVHQ, whether r nt they will g abrad with yu. Having placed mre than 130, 000 vlunteers abrad, we’re always happy t speak with parents t ensure all their questins are fielded. Thrugh ur nline safety training, cmprehensive infrmatin brchures, n-ging supprt frm experienced prgram managers and rund-the-clck supprt frm ur lcal teams, IVHQ vlunteers are well supprted t make the mst f the time abrad.
If yu’re ready t pack yur bags and experience a cmpletely different lifestyle and widen yur glbal perspective, please cntact us. IVHQ will be mre than happy t ffer a service.
21. What can IVHQ prvide fr a high schl grup?
A Rewards fr vlunteering.B. A free service trip.
C. An pprtunity t study abrad.D. A specialized prgram.
22. What des IVHQ prmise t vlunteers?
A. Lcal teams’ assistance.B. Partners’ supprt.
C. Cllege recmmendatin letters.D. Parents’ cmpany
23. The main purpse f the passage is t_____.
A. advcate vlunteeringB. intrduce requirements
C. advertise a serviceD. suggest a lifestyle
B
An Art Class
When Kelly was twelve, she started taking classes at Miss Grace’s Schl fr Art. She didn’t like it at first: the “nvice artists”—the kids wh hadn’t really dne art befre-wrked mstly with clay, and Kelly was a terrible sculptr.
It wasn’t until her third year that Kelly fund smething she was really gd at-charcal drawing (素描). She lved watching the lines spread unevenly acrss the page as she mved the bits f charcal back and frth ver the paper.
One day, Sphia, the best artist in her class, sat dwn and set up her easel (画架) next t Kelly. Kelly felt a sinking feeling in her stmach. She’d actually fund an art frm that she enjyed and was gd at-and nw Sphia was ging t utshine her again? Kelly fught back tears when Miss Grace entered the rm.
“Hell class, Miss Grace said.” We’ll cntinue t wrk n the prject tday. What masterpiece wuld Sphia have cme up with?
Kelly lked at Sphia’s easel and she culdn’t believe it-it was a mess! Fr a brief mment, Kelly culdn’t actually believe her drawing was better than Sphia’s.
But then she lked at Sphia, wh was watching Kelly with an anxius expressin. “I…. I culdn’t decide what t d,” Sphia said. “And yu’re s gd. Smetimes I feel like my stuff is just s bad in cmparisn.”
Kelly lked t see if Sphia was jking, but she seemed cmpletely serius. Nw Kelly was shcked. “I’m nt talented ... Miss Grace seldm praises me. Yu’re the best ne in ur class!”
Sphia raised her eyebrws. “I might be a really gd cpier f the stuff, but I have n idea what t d when it cmes t making up my wn images. Yu are s great at making new things ut f the ld stuff. I’ve lved yur wrks.”
“I’ve lved yurs, t,” Kelly said.
“Well, definitely nt this ne,” Sphia said.
Kelly smiled. “Maybe nt right nw. But if yu mve these lines up...” she said, pinting her finger n Sphia’s paper.
Sphia was quiet fr a mment. “That’s a great idea!” she said finally.
Kelly smiled and turned back t her drawing, lking every s ften at Sphia’s wrk t see that she was taking her advice, dwn t the last line.
24. When Kelly started classes at the art schl, she _____.
A. was nt gd at the curseB. lacked cnfidence in drawing
C. was ften pushed by Miss GraceD. did nt get alng with the ther kids
25. Hw did Kelly feel when Sphia sat beside her?
A. Thrilled.B. Cnfused.C. Frustrated.D. Relieved.
26. What did Kelly d in the art class?
A. She inspired Sphia.B. She praised Sphia’s creativity.
C. She decided t utshine Sphia.D. She finished the drawing fr Sphia.
27. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Interest is the best teacher.B. Yu are what yu believe t be.
C. Everyne has their wn strengths.D. Hard wrk will eventually pay ff.
C
Research spanning several decades demnstrates that yu are mre likely t think the infrmatin that is repeated t be true than the infrmatin yu hear nly nce. Yu usually assume that if peple put in effrt t repeat a statement, this reflects the truth f the statement. This tendency-als called the truth effect-is a bias (偏见) that can lead yu t draw incrrect cnclusins.
T what degree are peple aware f the truth effect? This questin was addressed in a paper in the jurnal Cgnitin early this year.
In the critical study in this paper, participants did tw sessins. In ne sessin, they read abut a hypthetical (虚构的) study in which they were expsed t sme statements and then were asked whether bth statements they had heard befre as well as these new statements were true. They were asked t predict the prprtin (比例) f each statement that wuld be judged as true. They did this bth as a predictin f ther peple’s perfrmance as well as a predictin f hw they wuld d in this study.
At anther sessin a few days later, participants actually perfrmed this study, reading a set f 20 statements in the hypthetical study again and then judging the truth f altgether 40 statements, half f which were frm the hypthetical study and the ther half f which were new.
This study did replicate the well knwn truth effect. Peple were mre likely t judge statements they had seen befre as true than statements that were new. Tw interesting findings emerged frm the predictin. First, participants tended t underestimate the size f the truth effect fr everyne. T hat is, while they did expect sme difference in judgments between the statements seen befre and thse that were new, they thught this difference wuld be smaller than it actually was. Secnd, participants mre significantly underpredicted the truth effect fr themselves cmpared t that fr ther peple.
This study is particularly imprtant in light f the amunt f misinfrmatin present in scial media. Many peple have the pwer t influence public pinin abut imprtant matters. Flding scial media feeds with misinfrmatin will lead peple t believe this infrmatin is true just because it is stated. Recgnizing that we are all susceptible t this influence f repeated infrmatin shuld lead us t mistrust ur intuitin (直觉) abut what is true and t lk up imprtant infrmatin prir t using it t make imprtant judgments and decisins.
28. In the first paragraph, the authr intends t ______.
A. clarify a miscnceptinB. present a phenmenn
C. challenge a statementD. cnfirm a thery
29. What can we learn frm the study?
A. Impacts f the truth effect require further studies.
B. Making predictins befre judgments is significant.
C Peple have hardly any awareness f the truth effect.
D. Peple tend t believe they can make wiser judgments.
30. What des the wrd “susceptible” underlined in the last paragraph mst prbably mean?
A. Critical.B. Subject.C. Oppsed.D. Adapted.
D
When I teach research methds, a majr fcus is peer review. As a prcess, peer review evaluates academic papers fr their quality, integrity and impact n a field, largely shaping what scientists accept as “knwledge”- By instinct, any academic fllws up a new idea with the questin, “Was that peer reviewed?”
Althugh I believe in the imprtance f peer review and I help d peer reviews fr several academic jurnals-I knw hw vulnerable the prcess can be.
I had my first encunter with peer review during my first year as a Ph. D student. One day, my adviser handed me an essay and tld me t have my -written review back t him in a week. But at the time, I certainly was nt a “peer”-I was t new in my field. Manipulated data (不实的数据) r substandard methds culd easily have gne undetected. Knwledge is nt self-evident. Only experts wuld be able t ntice them, and even then, experts d nt always agree n what they ntice.
Let’s say in my life I nly see white swans. Maybe I write an essay, cncluding that all swans are white. And a “peer” says, “Wait a minute, I’ve seen black swans.” I wuld have t refine my knwledge.
The peer plays a key rle evaluating bservatins with the verall gal f advancing knwledge. Fr example, if the abve stry were reversed, and peer reviewers wh all believed that all swans were white came acrss the first study bserving a black swan, the study wuld receive a lt f attentin.
S why was a first-year graduate student getting t stand in fr an expert? Why wuld my review cunt the same as an expert’s review? One answer: The prcess relies almst entirely n unpaid labr.
Despite the fact that peers are prfessinals, peer review is nt a prfessin. As a result, the same ver-wrked schlars ften receive masses f the peer review requests. Besides the labr inequity, a small pl f experts can lead t a narrwed prcess f what is publishable r what cunts as knwledge, directly threatening diversity f perspectives and schlars. Withut a large enugh reviewer pl, the prcess can easily fall victim t biases, arising frm a small cmmunity recgnizing each ther’s wrk and cmprmising cnflicts f interest.
Despite these challenges, I still tell my students that peer review ffers the best methd fr evaluating studies aird advancing knwledge. As a prcess, peer review theretically wrks. The questin is whether the issues with peer review can be addressed by prfessinalizing the field.
31. What can we learn abut peer review in the first paragraph?
A. It generates knwledge.B. It is cmmnly practiced.
C. It is a majr research methd.D. It is questined by sme scientists.
32. What can be inferred abut the example f swans?
A. Cmplexity f peer review ensures its reliability.
B. Cntradictins between scientists may be balanced.
C. Individuals can be limited by persnal experiences.
D. Experts shuld detect unscientific bservatin methds.
33. What is the authr’s majr cncern abut peer review?
A. Wrklad fr schlars.B. Tughness f the prcess.
C. Diversificatin f publicatins.D. Financial supprt t reviewers.
34. The passage is mainly abut ______.
A. what fuels peer reviewB. why peer review is imperfect
C. hw new hands advance peer reviewD. whether peer reviewers are underrated
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tday, what we have, is an always-in-yur-pcket, 24/7 news cycle. When yu pen a news app, yu’ll ntice a brief mment when the “ld news” is still there. In a flash, the ancient histry f a few hurs ag is swept away fr the next “breaking news”. ____35____ It’s endless, but yu had better keep up.
Researchers intrduce this wrld t the phrase, “nise bttleneck”. A nise bttleneck is where we are verwhelmed with s much infrmatin r nise that ur cgnitive (认知的) abilities can’t keep up. ____36____ Thus, while ur attentin can watch hurs f vides, ur lng-term learning prcesses can’t.
____37____ We watch TV hlding ur phnes, and we listen t music while shpping. Hwever, the human brain might have structural limitatin rted in the cgnitive architecture which causes the slwing dwn that ccurs when tw tasks are perfrmed at the same time.
In shrt, yur brain is nt as gd as yu think it is. Yu are a human being wh can nly take in s much a day. Understanding the nise bttleneck allws us t fix it. S, here are three tips t get yu ging:
Clear yur cntent-set up a new accunt n scial media and fllw nly accunts r peple that yu think are really valuable.
Single-task—yu dn’t need t rid the phne but d rid the distractins. ____38____ Say, “I will nly read this magazine after dinner.” Multitasking is fr shw; single-tasking is fr prs.
Accept yur limits—yu’ll never read all the news. Accept yu can nly chse tw r three and embrace that fact. ____39____ Yu’re getting mre ut f thse few than that “super-prductive” persn n scial media wh says they read five bks a week. After all, it’s better t have a little remembered than a lt frgtten.
A. Give yurself a time limit r restrictin if it helps.
B. Dn’t beat yurself up that yu’re being unprductive.
C. Every secnd, yu are presented with new infrmatin.
D. Breaking thrugh the nise bttleneck is a legendary idea.
E. The matter is made wrse by ur mdern addictin t multitasking.
F. Multitasking has dramatically changed the way we use infrmatin.
G. Our brains have limited resurces, spread acrss numerus functins.
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
If yu are a psychlgy enthusiast, yu have prbably heard f the famus marshmallw test (棉花糖实验). In this task, kids are given a marshmallw, and are tld that they can eat that marshmallw nw, r wait a little while, and have tw marshmallws instead. Sme kids eat the marshmallw immediately, but mst try their best t wait fr tw.
When the researchers fllwed up with thse kids later in life, children wh waited lnger had better life utcmes: mre academic success, better scial behavir, and even markers f better health. They believe thse children wh keep waiting are the nes with the mst self-cntrl-a key factr in success, and that’s why they are s successful later.
But what if the behavir in the marshmallw test has mre t d with cultural nrms than self-cntrl?
A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide hw lng t wait fr rewards based n what they are accustmed t waiting fr in their culture. Fr example, in the United States, there is n widespread mealtime custm f waiting until everyne is served. In Japan, hwever, there is.
Because f this difference in nrms, the researchers hypthesized that Japanese children wuld wait lnger in the marshmallw test than the American children. This is exactly what they fund later in experiments.
But this isn’t cnclusive evidence; after all, maybe Japanese children actually have better self-cntrl, r maybe they differ frm American children in ther ways that culd explain the result.
In the U. S., gifts are usually given n special ccasins and children usually have t wait befre they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, hwever, gift-giving happens mre ften, and children usually pen presents immediately.
Given these cultural differences, scientists expected that if they ran the test with gifts instead f marshmallws, American kids wuld wait lnger. Once again, their hypthesis was crrect.
This is a pwerful result because it demnstrates the imprtance f culture and habit in shaping behavir. If a child waits nly few minutes befre giving up n tw marshmallws but much lnger t unwrap a gift, can we really say that child lacks self-cntrl? I dn’t think s. I think it just means that they are adjusting well t their scial settings.
40. Accrding t the researchers, why d children wh wait lnger have better life utcmes?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What was the purpse f the 2022 study?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
When scientists ran the test with gifts, American kids behaved the same as they did in the test with marshmallws.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Besides the cases mentined in the passage, please give ne r tw examples t shw hw culture shapes yur behavir. (In abut 40 wrds)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。今年世界地球日的主题为“Planet vs. Plastics”，你校将举办相关活动。你的笔友Jim发来邮件，询问该活动的情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1. 活动内容；
2. 你的任务。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
北京市东城区2023-2024学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)
英语
2024. 4
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In 2019, Thierry Henry, a bus driver, fund there was a rise in bike thefts in his city, Reykjavik. Rather than ____1____ that the bike was gne frever, he decided t take matters int his wn hands and started t track dwn the bikes and return them t their ____2____ wners.
The 44-year-ld has helped return hundreds f stlen bikes in the past 4 years. His scial media accunt has ver 14, 500 members and helps peple track dwn mre than just lst bikes. His page ____3____ t peple wh have lst tls, cars and ther items f high value. On tp f his nble act, Henry has helped the bike ____4____ t refrm in the prcess.
____5____, Henry wuld deal with the thieves with anger. Hwever, ver time, he realized that mst f the thefts were driven ut f pverty and ther issues. He went frm feeling ____6____ twards the thieves, t develping empathy (同理心) fr their situatins. It was very tugh at first. But Henry decided t try t ____7____ them and just talk t them.
Frm this mment nward, he reached ut t the thieves, ffering help and guidance. After the change in his ____8____, Henry fund that the bike thieves began t ften hand back the bikes t him. Amazingly, sme frmer thieves that Henry helped nw ____9____ him in lking fr the stlen bikes.
“It’s like a ____10____ that has gt bigger and bigger, ” says Henry. “It’s nt nly me. Many times, smene spts a bike hidden in a bush and takes a picture. Then smene else cmments, ‘hey, that’s my bike’”.
Thanks t Henry, everyne’s lking ut.
1.
A. claimB. expectC. acceptD. realize
2.
A. newB. hnestC. carelessD. rightful
3.
A. belngsB. extendsC. returnsD. refers
4.
A. wnersB. makersC. thievesD. sellers
5.
A. InitiallyB. UnknwinglyC. IncrediblyD. Unwillingly
6.
A. regretfullyB. negativelyC. guiltilyD. helplessly
7.
A. level withB. reply tC. side withD. aplgize t
8.
A. planB. ccupatinC. habitD. apprach
9.
A. assistB. trustC. engageD. drag
10.
A. dreamB. snwballC. rainbwD. balln
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲是Thierry Henry在帮助寻找被偷的自行车的过程中也使得那些小偷改过自新。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有接受自行车永远消失的事实，而是决定自己动手，开始追查这些自行车，并将它们归还给它们的合法主人。A. claim声称，断言；B. expect期待；C. accept接受；D. realize意识到。根据下文“he decided t take matters int his wn hands and started t track dwn the bikes”可知，他决定自己去找那些自行车，所以是他没有接受自行车永远消失的事实。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他没有接受自行车永远消失的事实，而是决定自己动手，开始追查这些自行车，并将它们归还给它们的合法主人。A. new新的；B. hnest诚实的；C. careless粗心的；D. rightful合法的。根据下文“return them t”可知，是把自行车还给它们合法的主人。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的页面扩展到那些丢失了工具、汽车和其他高价值物品的人。A. belngs属于；B. extends扩展；C. returns回来；D. refers提到。根据下文“t peple wh have lst tls, cars and ther items f high value”可知，他的页面从丢失自行车的人扩展到那些丢失了工具、汽车和其他高价值物品的人。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了他的高尚行为之外，亨利还在这个过程中帮助偷自行车的人改过自新。A. wners所有人，物主；B. makers制造商；C. thieves小偷；D. sellers卖家。根据下文“t refrm”可知，他是帮偷车的小偷改过自新。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，亨利会愤怒地对付小偷。A. Initially起初；B. Unknwingly不知不觉地；C. Incredibly难以置信地；D. Unwillingly不情愿地。根据下文“Henry wuld deal with the thieves with anger. Hwever, ver time, he realized that mst f the thefts were driven ut f pverty and ther issues”可知，起初他会愤怒地对付小偷。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他对小偷的态度从消极到对他们的处境感同身受。A. regretfully懊悔地，遗憾地；B. negatively消极地；C. guiltily内疚地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“Henry wuld deal with the thieves with anger”可知，他刚开始对小偷的态度很消极，后来变成对他们的处境感同身受。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但亨利决定试着和他们说实话，和他们谈谈。A. level with对……说实话；B. reply t回复；C. side with支持；D. aplgize t向……道歉。根据下文“them and just talk t them”可知，亨利决定试着和他们说实话。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在改变了他的方法之后，亨利发现偷自行车的人开始经常把自行车还给他。A. plan计划；B. ccupatin职业；C. habit习惯；D. apprach方法。根据上文“He went frm feeling__6__ twards the thieves, t develping empathy (同理心) fr their situatins”可知，他改变了对待小偷的方法。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，亨利帮助过的一些以前的小偷现在帮助他寻找被盗的自行车。A. assist帮助；B. trust信任；C. engage参与；D. drag拖。根据下文“lking fr the stlen bikes”可知，亨利帮助过的一些以前的小偷现在帮助他寻找被盗的自行车。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像雪球越滚越大。A. dream梦；B. snwball雪球；C. rainbw彩虹；D. balln气球。根据下文“gt bigger and bigger”可知，这就像雪球一样，越来越大。故选B。
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
语法填空
When I lived in Bstn, I taught English as a secnd language t adult students frm arund the wrld. On the last day, they threw a nice party. I was amazed they had learned enugh English ____11____ (rganize) such an event altgether. At the end f the party, they prudly handed me a gift bx. After the bx ____12____ (pen), I gently lifted a beautiful cat frm it. “We went shpping fr a new cat!” they all shuted ____13____ wnderfully perfect English.
【答案】11. t rganize
12. was pened
13. in
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一位教师在波士顿教授来自世界各地的成人学生学习英语，学生取得了很大的语言进步。
【11题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：我很惊讶他们学到了足够的英语足以组织这样一个活动。由enugh可知，此处使用动词不定式作结果状语，表示“……多到足以做某事”，故填t rganize。
【12题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：盒子打开后，我轻轻地从里面拿出一件漂亮的外套。根据“I gently lifted a beautiful cat frm it.”以及bx承受pen的动作可知，从句的谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，bx为单数，故填was pened。
【13题详解】
考查介词。句意：我们去买一件新外套！他们都用非常完美的英语喊道。使用某种语言用介词in，故填in。
B
语法填空
In early Nvember in 2023, a diver, swimming ff the cast f Sardinia, ____14____ (ntice) pieces f metal n the cean flr. He called the authrities and mre divers were sent t lk. The pieces turned ut t be ancient Rman cins. The cins mstly lay ____15____ (bury) in sand and seagrass nt far frm the cast. It is said that mre than 30, 000 cins have been fund, ____16____ are clse t 2, 000 years ld. Experts call this a majr histrical discvery.
【答案】14. nticed
15. buried 16. which
【导语】这是一则新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时发现了数量巨大的古代硬币。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：2023年11月初，一名潜水员在撒丁岛海岸附近游泳时，注意到海底有金属碎片。根据句中的“in early Nvember in 2023”可知，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填nticed。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些硬币大多埋在离海岸不远的沙子和海草里。句中lie是系动词，需后接形容词作表语，需要的词义为“被掩埋的”，故填buried。
【16题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据说已经发现了3万多枚硬币，都有近2000年的历史。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词cins指物并在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。
C
语法填空
ChatGPT is a chatbt. Sme schls ____17____ (ban) it since its birth. They need time t make rules abut ____18____ it’s t be used prperly in class. Sme teachers see it as a ____19____ (cheat) tl. But many principals believe it’s t late t keep AI ut f classrms. A grwing number f ____20____ (educate) say the panic abut AI is a lt like the panic caused by the Internet when it was new. One f them says, “ChatGPT is t English and t writing what the calculatr is t math.”
【答案】17. have banned
18 hw 19. cheating
20. educatrs
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一些学校禁止使用ChatGPT，但许多教育工作者认为人工智能在教育中是很重要的。
【17题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一些学校自其诞生以来就禁止它。根据句中的“since its birth”可知，谓语动词ban使用现在完成时，主语“sme schls”为复数意义，谓语复数形式，故填have banned。
【18题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他们需要时间来制定规则，规定如何在课堂上正确使用。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，表示“如何”，因此使用连接副词hw引导宾语从句，故填hw。
【19题详解】
考查动名词。句意：一些老师认为这是一种作弊工具。动名词形式作定语修饰名词tl，用来表示该名词的用途、目的或场合，cheating修饰tl，意为“用来作弊的工具”，故填cheating。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：越来越多的教育工作者表示，对人工智能的恐慌很像互联网刚出现时引起的恐慌。此处应填名词作宾语，需要的词义为“教育工作者”，即educatr，它是可数名词，前有“a grwing number f ”修饰，则educatr需要变复数形式，故填educatrs。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Are yu lking fr teen vlunteer pprtunities fr 2024 that prvide a rewarding experience that will stay with yu fr life? Every year thusands f teens chse t vlunteer abrad with Internatinal Vlunteer HQ(IVHQ)-the wrld’s mst trusted prvider f safe and affrdable vlunteer prgrams fr teens.
Service trips fr teens are available in mre than 50 destinatins and there are 17 teen vlunteer prgrams fr 16 t 18 year-lds. Sme f the best prgrams in 2024 include Turtle Cnservatin in Bali, Animal Care in Csta Rica and Childcare in Tanzania. Or, if yu’re wanting t vlunteer with a grup f students frm yur high schl, IVHQ can tailr a prgram fr yur grup t!
Benefits fr vlunteers:
There is n dubt that vlunteering as a teenager is a meaningful way t braden yur educatin and add experiences that will stand ut n yur cllege applicatin.
Crssing bundaries t wrk with partners frm different parts f the wrld fsters glbal understanding.
Living in a cuntry different t yur wn means that yu will be invlved in a new culture cuisine, and way f thinking.
Guaranteed supprt:
Chances are yur parents will als want t learn mre abut IVHQ, whether r nt they will g abrad with yu. Having placed mre than 130, 000 vlunteers abrad, we’re always happy t speak with parents t ensure all their questins are fielded. Thrugh ur nline safety training, cmprehensive infrmatin brchures, n-ging supprt frm experienced prgram managers and rund-the-clck supprt frm ur lcal teams, IVHQ vlunteers are well supprted t make the mst f the time abrad.
If yu’re ready t pack yur bags and experience a cmpletely different lifestyle and widen yur glbal perspective, please cntact us. IVHQ will be mre than happy t ffer a service.
21. What can IVHQ prvide fr a high schl grup?
A. Rewards fr vlunteering.B. A free service trip.
C. An pprtunity t study abrad.D. A specialized prgram.
22. What des IVHQ prmise t vlunteers?
A. Lcal teams’ assistance.B. Partners’ supprt.
C. Cllege recmmendatin letters.D. Parents’ cmpany
23 The main purpse f the passage is t_____.
A. advcate vlunteeringB. intrduce requirements
C. advertise a serviceD. suggest a lifestyle
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是Internatinal Vlunteer HQ为志愿者提供的服务的广告。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Or, if yu’re wanting t vlunteer with a grup f students frm yur high schl, IVHQ can tailr a prgram fr yur grup t!(或者，如果你想和你高中的一群学生一起做志愿者，IVHQ也可以为你的小组量身定制一个项目！)”可知，IVHQ能为高中团体提供一个专门的项目。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Guaranteed supprt:部分的“Thrugh ur nline safety training, cmprehensive infrmatin brchures, n-ging supprt frm experienced prgram managers and rund-the-clck supprt frm ur lcal teams, IVHQ vlunteers are well supprted t make the mst f the time abrad.(通过我们的在线安全培训、全面的信息手册、经验丰富的项目经理的持续支持以及当地团队的24小时支持，IVHQ志愿者可以充分利用国外的时间。)”可知，IVHQ对志愿者的承诺是当地团队的协助。故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“If yu’re ready t pack yur bags and experience a cmpletely different lifestyle and widen yur glbal perspective, please cntact us. IVHQ will be mre than happy t ffer a service.(如果您准备好打包行李，体验完全不同的生活方式，拓宽您的全球视野，请与我们联系。IVHQ将非常乐意为您提供服务。)”可知，本文是Internatinal Vlunteer HQ为志愿者提供的服务的广告，因此目的是为一种服务做广告。故选C。
B
An Art Class
When Kelly was twelve, she started taking classes at Miss Grace’s Schl fr Art. She didn’t like it at first: the “nvice artists”—the kids wh hadn’t really dne art befre-wrked mstly with clay, and Kelly was a terrible sculptr.
It wasn’t until her third year that Kelly fund smething she was really gd at-charcal drawing (素描). She lved watching the lines spread unevenly acrss the page as she mved the bits f charcal back and frth ver the paper.
One day, Sphia, the best artist in her class, sat dwn and set up her easel (画架) next t Kelly. Kelly felt a sinking feeling in her stmach. She’d actually fund an art frm that she enjyed and was gd at-and nw Sphia was ging t utshine her again? Kelly fught back tears when Miss Grace entered the rm.
“Hell class, Miss Grace said.” We’ll cntinue t wrk n the prject tday. What masterpiece wuld Sphia have cme up with?
Kelly lked at Sphia’s easel and she culdn’t believe it-it was a mess! Fr a brief mment, Kelly culdn’t actually believe her drawing was better than Sphia’s.
But then she lked at Sphia, wh was watching Kelly with an anxius expressin. “I…. I culdn’t decide what t d,” Sphia said. “And yu’re s gd. Smetimes I feel like my stuff is just s bad in cmparisn.”
Kelly lked t see if Sphia was jking, but she seemed cmpletely serius. Nw Kelly was shcked. “I’m nt talented ... Miss Grace seldm praises me. Yu’re the best ne in ur class!”
Sphia raised her eyebrws. “I might be a really gd cpier f the stuff, but I have n idea what t d when it cmes t making up my wn images. Yu are s great at making new things ut f the ld stuff. I’ve lved yur wrks.”
“I’ve lved yurs, t,” Kelly said.
“Well, definitely nt this ne,” Sphia said.
Kelly smiled. “Maybe nt right nw. But if yu mve these lines up...” she said, pinting her finger n Sphia’s paper.
Sphia was quiet fr a mment. “That’s a great idea!” she said finally.
Kelly smiled and turned back t her drawing, lking every s ften at Sphia’s wrk t see that she was taking her advice, dwn t the last line.
24. When Kelly started classes at the art schl, she _____.
A. was nt gd at the curseB. lacked cnfidence in drawing
C. was ften pushed by Miss GraceD. did nt get alng with the ther kids
25. Hw did Kelly feel when Sphia sat beside her?
A. Thrilled.B. Cnfused.C. Frustrated.D. Relieved.
26. What did Kelly d in the art class?
A. She inspired Sphia.B. She praised Sphia’s creativity.
C. She decided t utshine Sphia.D. She finished the drawing fr Sphia.
27. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Interest is the best teacher.B. Yu are what yu believe t be.
C. Everyne has their wn strengths.D. Hard wrk will eventually pay ff.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. A 27. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Kelly在一节艺术课上所发生的事情。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“She didn’t like it at first: the “nvice artists”—the kids wh hadn’t really dne art befre-wrked mstly with clay, and Kelly was a terrible sculptr.(她一开始并不喜欢：那些“新手艺术家”——那些以前没有真正做过艺术的孩子——主要是用粘土创作的，而凯利是个糟糕的雕塑家。)”可知，当Kelly开始在艺术学校上课时，她不擅长这门课。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Kelly felt a sinking feeling in her stmach. She’d actually fund an art frm that she enjyed and was gd at-and nw Sphia was ging t utshine her again?(Kelly感到胃里有一种下沉的感觉。她真的找到了一种自己喜欢并擅长的艺术形式，而现在索菲亚又要比她更耀眼了？)”可知，当索菲亚坐在凯莉身边时，她感觉到沮丧。故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Kelly smiled. “Maybe nt right nw. But if yu mve these lines up...” she said, pinting her finger n Sphia’s paper.(Kelly笑了。“也许不是现在。但是如果你把这些线往上移动……她用手指着索菲亚的纸说。)”和倒数第二段“That’s a great idea!(好主意！)”可知，Kelly在美术课上启发了索菲亚。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第六段“Yu are s great at making new things ut f the ld stuff.(你很擅长从旧事物中创造出新事物。)”可知，我们能从文章中了解到每个人都有自己的长处。故选C。
C
Research spanning several decades demnstrates that yu are mre likely t think the infrmatin that is repeated t be true than the infrmatin yu hear nly nce. Yu usually assume that if peple put in effrt t repeat a statement, this reflects the truth f the statement. This tendency-als called the truth effect-is a bias (偏见) that can lead yu t draw incrrect cnclusins.
T what degree are peple aware f the truth effect? This questin was addressed in a paper in the jurnal Cgnitin early this year.
In the critical study in this paper, participants did tw sessins. In ne sessin, they read abut a hypthetical (虚构的) study in which they were expsed t sme statements and then were asked whether bth statements they had heard befre as well as these new statements were true. They were asked t predict the prprtin (比例) f each statement that wuld be judged as true. They did this bth as a predictin f ther peple’s perfrmance as well as a predictin f hw they wuld d in this study.
At anther sessin a few days later, participants actually perfrmed this study, reading a set f 20 statements in the hypthetical study again and then judging the truth f altgether 40 statements, half f which were frm the hypthetical study and the ther half f which were new.
This study did replicate the well knwn truth effect. Peple were mre likely t judge statements they had seen befre as true than statements that were new. Tw interesting findings emerged frm the predictin. First, participants tended t underestimate the size f the truth effect fr everyne. T hat is, while they did expect sme difference in judgments between the statements seen befre and thse that were new, they thught this difference wuld be smaller than it actually was. Secnd, participants mre significantly underpredicted the truth effect fr themselves cmpared t that fr ther peple.
This study is particularly imprtant in light f the amunt f misinfrmatin present in scial media. Many peple have the pwer t influence public pinin abut imprtant matters. Flding scial media feeds with misinfrmatin will lead peple t believe this infrmatin is true just because it is stated. Recgnizing that we are all susceptible t this influence f repeated infrmatin shuld lead us t mistrust ur intuitin (直觉) abut what is true and t lk up imprtant infrmatin prir t using it t make imprtant judgments and decisins.
28. In the first paragraph, the authr intends t ______.
A. clarify a miscnceptinB. present a phenmenn
C. challenge a statementD. cnfirm a thery
29. What can we learn frm the study?
A. Impacts f the truth effect require further studies.
B. Making predictins befre judgments is significant.
C. Peple have hardly any awareness f the truth effect.
D. Peple tend t believe they can make wiser judgments.
30. What des the wrd “susceptible” underlined in the last paragraph mst prbably mean?
A. Critical.B. Subject.C. Oppsed.D. Adapted.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了一种被称作“真实效应”的心理偏见现象，即人们更容易相信被重复表述的信息，而不是只听到一次的信息，呼吁人们应该更加警惕重复信息的影响，以及在做出重要判断和决策之前查证重要信息的真实性。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Research spanning several decades demnstrates that yu are mre likely t think the infrmatin that is repeated t be true than the infrmatin yu hear nly nce. Yu usually assume that if peple put in effrt t repeat a statement, this reflects the truth f the statement. This tendency-als called the truth effect-is a bias that can lead yu t draw incrrect cnclusins.(几十年的研究表明，与只听到一次的信息相比，你更有可能认为重复的信息是真实的。你通常认为，如果人们努力重复一句话，这就反映了这句话的真实性。这种倾向——也被称为真实效应——是一种偏见，它会导致你得出错误的结论。)”可知，作者的意图是阐明一个现象，即“真实效应”，这是一种偏见，可能导致人们得出不正确的结论。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段的“Secnd, participants mre significantly underpredicted the truth effect fr themselves cmpared t that fr ther peple.(第二，与他人相比，参与者对自己真实效应的低估更为显著。) ”可知，人们在对“真实效应”的认识上存在一些偏差，尤其是对于他们自己而言。他们往往低估了这种效应的影响，认为自己能够做出更明智的判断。故选D。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“This study is particularly imprtant in light f the amunt f misinfrmatin present in scial media. Many peple have the pwer t influence public pinin abut imprtant matters. Flding scial media feeds with misinfrmatin will lead peple t believe this infrmatin is true just because it is stated.(鉴于社交媒体上存在大量错误信息，这项研究尤为重要。许多人有能力在重要问题上影响公众舆论。充斥在社交媒体上的错误信息会让人们相信这些信息是真实的，仅仅因为它是陈述出来的。)”可知，人们容易受到重复信息的影响，从而误导人们的判断，因此划线词意为“易受影响的”，subject(易遭受……的，受……支配的，可能受……影响的)与其是同义词。故选B。
D
When I teach research methds, a majr fcus is peer review. As a prcess, peer review evaluates academic papers fr their quality, integrity and impact n a field, largely shaping what scientists accept as “knwledge”- By instinct, any academic fllws up a new idea with the questin, “Was that peer reviewed?”
Althugh I believe in the imprtance f peer review and I help d peer reviews fr several academic jurnals-I knw hw vulnerable the prcess can be.
I had my first encunter with peer review during my first year as a Ph. D student. One day, my adviser handed me an essay and tld me t have my -written review back t him in a week. But at the time, I certainly was nt a “peer”-I was t new in my field. Manipulated data (不实的数据) r substandard methds culd easily have gne undetected. Knwledge is nt self-evident. Only experts wuld be able t ntice them, and even then, experts d nt always agree n what they ntice.
Let’s say in my life I nly see white swans. Maybe I write an essay, cncluding that all swans are white. And a “peer” says, “Wait a minute, I’ve seen black swans.” I wuld have t refine my knwledge.
The peer plays a key rle evaluating bservatins with the verall gal f advancing knwledge. Fr example, if the abve stry were reversed, and peer reviewers wh all believed that all swans were white came acrss the first study bserving a black swan, the study wuld receive a lt f attentin.
S why was a first-year graduate student getting t stand in fr an expert? Why wuld my review cunt the same as an expert’s review? One answer: The prcess relies almst entirely n unpaid labr.
Despite the fact that peers are prfessinals, peer review is nt a prfessin. As a result, the same ver-wrked schlars ften receive masses f the peer review requests. Besides the labr inequity, a small pl f experts can lead t a narrwed prcess f what is publishable r what cunts as knwledge, directly threatening diversity f perspectives and schlars. Withut a large enugh reviewer pl, the prcess can easily fall victim t biases, arising frm a small cmmunity recgnizing each ther’s wrk and cmprmising cnflicts f interest.
Despite these challenges, I still tell my students that peer review ffers the best methd fr evaluating studies aird advancing knwledge. As a prcess, peer review theretically wrks. The questin is whether the issues with peer review can be addressed by prfessinalizing the field.
31. What can we learn abut peer review in the first paragraph?
A. It generates knwledge.B. It is cmmnly practiced.
C. It is a majr research methd.D. It is questined by sme scientists.
32. What can be inferred abut the example f swans?
A. Cmplexity f peer review ensures its reliability.
B. Cntradictins between scientists may be balanced.
C. Individuals can be limited by persnal experiences.
D. Experts shuld detect unscientific bservatin methds.
33. What is the authr’s majr cncern abut peer review?
A. Wrklad fr schlars.B. Tughness f the prcess.
C. Diversificatin f publicatins.D. Financial supprt t reviewers.
34. The passage is mainly abut ______.
A. what fuels peer reviewB. why peer review is imperfect
C. hw new hands advance peer reviewD. whether peer reviewers are underrated
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D 34. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是作者对于同行评议不完美的原因的分析。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“By instinct, any academic fllws up a new idea with the questin, “Was that peer reviewed?”(出于本能，任何学者在提出新想法后都会问：“这个想法经过同行评议了吗？”)”可知，从第一段中我们可以了解到同行评议是普遍的做法。故选B。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Let’s say in my life I nly see white swans. Maybe I write an essay, cncluding that all swans are white. And a “peer” says, “Wait a minute, I’ve seen black swans.” I wuld have t refine my knwledge.(比方说，在我的生活中，我只看到白天鹅。也许我可以写一篇文章，总结说所有的天鹅都是白色的。一个“同伴”说，“等一下，我见过黑天鹅。”我得完善我的知识。)”可知，从天鹅的例子可以推断出个人可能会受到个人经历的限制。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The prcess relies almst entirely n unpaid labr.(这个过程几乎完全依赖于无偿劳动力。)”和倒数第二段“As a result, the same ver-wrked schlars ften receive masses f the peer review requests.(结果，同样是那些过度劳累的学者经常收到大量的同行评审请求。)”可知，作者对同行评议的主要担忧是对评审的财政支持。故选D。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Althugh I believe in the imprtance f peer review and I help d peer reviews fr several academic jurnals-I knw hw vulnerable the prcess can be.(虽然我相信同行评议的重要性，我也为几家学术期刊做同行评议，但我知道这个过程有多脆弱。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者对于同行评议不完美的原因的分析，因此B选项“why peer review is imperfect(为什么同行评议是不完美的)”是本文的主旨。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tday, what we have, is an always-in-yur-pcket, 24/7 news cycle. When yu pen a news app, yu’ll ntice a brief mment when the “ld news” is still there. In a flash, the ancient histry f a few hurs ag is swept away fr the next “breaking news”. ____35____ It’s endless, but yu had better keep up.
Researchers intrduce this wrld t the phrase, “nise bttleneck”. A nise bttleneck is where we are verwhelmed with s much infrmatin r nise that ur cgnitive (认知的) abilities can’t keep up. ____36____ Thus, while ur attentin can watch hurs f vides, ur lng-term learning prcesses can’t.
____37____ We watch TV hlding ur phnes, and we listen t music while shpping. Hwever, the human brain might have structural limitatin rted in the cgnitive architecture which causes the slwing dwn that ccurs when tw tasks are perfrmed at the same time.
In shrt, yur brain is nt as gd as yu think it is. Yu are a human being wh can nly take in s much a day. Understanding the nise bttleneck allws us t fix it. S, here are three tips t get yu ging:
Clear yur cntent-set up a new accunt n scial media and fllw nly accunts r peple that yu think are really valuable
Single-task—yu dn’t need t rid the phne but d rid the distractins. ____38____ Say, “I will nly read this magazine after dinner.” Multitasking is fr shw; single-tasking is fr prs.
Accept yur limits—yu’ll never read all the news. Accept yu can nly chse tw r three and embrace that fact. ____39____ Yu’re getting mre ut f thse few than that “super-prductive” persn n scial media wh says they read five bks a week. After all, it’s better t have a little remembered than a lt frgtten.
A. Give yurself a time limit r restrictin if it helps.
B. Dn’t beat yurself up that yu’re being unprductive.
C. Every secnd, yu are presented with new infrmatin.
D. Breaking thrugh the nise bttleneck is a legendary idea.
E. The matter is made wrse by ur mdern addictin t multitasking.
F. Multitasking has dramatically changed the way we use infrmatin.
G. Our brains have limited resurces, spread acrss numerus functins.
【答案】35. C 36. G 37. E 38. A 39. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何克服“噪音瓶颈”。
【35题详解】
空前“In a flash, the ancient histry f a few hurs ag is swept away fr the next “breaking news”.(转眼间，几小时前的古代史被下一条“突发新闻”一扫而光。)”说明旧的新闻会很快被新的新闻代替，C选项“Every secnd, yu are presented with new infrmatin.(每一秒钟，你都会看到新的信息。)”说明每一秒都会有新的信息出现，和空前的“旧的新闻会很快被新的新闻代替”表达的意思相一致，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
【36题详解】
空前“Researchers intrduce this wrld t the phrase, “nise bttleneck”. A nise bttleneck is where we are verwhelmed with s much infrmatin r nise that ur cgnitive (认知的) abilities can’t keep up.(研究人员向这个世界介绍了“噪音瓶颈”这个短语。噪音瓶颈是指我们被太多的信息或噪音淹没，以至于我们的认知能力无法跟上。)”解释说明什么是“噪音瓶颈”，空格处应该继续解释这个短语，G选项“Our brains have limited resurces, spread acrss numerus functins.(我们的大脑资源有限，分散在许多功能上。)”说明了我们的大脑资源有限，分散在许多功能上，和空前所说的“我们被太多的信息或噪音淹没，以至于我们的认知能力无法跟上”表达意思一致，因此承接上文，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
【37题详解】
空后“We watch TV hlding ur phnes, and we listen t music while shpping. Hwever, the human brain might have structural limitatin rted in the cgnitive architecture which causes the slwing dwn that ccurs when tw tasks are perfrmed at the same time.(我们拿着手机看电视，购物时听音乐。然而，人类大脑可能存在根植于认知结构的结构性限制，导致同时执行两项任务时速度变慢。)”说明我们同时干两件事情会导致执行两项任务时速度变慢，说明多任务处理是很糟的，E选项“The matter is made wrse by ur mdern addictin t multitasking.(由于现代人沉迷于多任务处理，情况变得更糟。)”说明许多人沉迷于多任务，和后文人们拿着手机看电视这种现代人的习惯相承接，因此E选项引起下文，符合语境，故选E。
【38题详解】
空后“Say, “I will nly read this magazine after dinner.”(你可以说：“我只会在晚饭后看这本杂志。”)”说明这是在给自己一点时间上的限制，A选项“Give yurself a time limit r restrictin if it helps.(如果有帮助的话，给自己一个时间限制。)”说明要给自己一点时间限制，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
空前“Accept yur limits—yu’ll never read all the news. Accept yu can nly chse tw r three and embrace that fact.(接受你的局限——你不可能读到所有的新闻。接受你只能选择两三个，并接受这个事实。)”说明要接受自己的局限，也就是不要责怪自己办不到一些事情，B选项“Dn’t beat yurself up that yu’re being unprductive.(不要责怪自己没有效率。)”说明了不要责怪自己，和前面的接受自己的局限性表达一致，因此B选项承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
If yu are a psychlgy enthusiast, yu have prbably heard f the famus marshmallw test (棉花糖实验). In this task, kids are given a marshmallw, and are tld that they can eat that marshmallw nw, r wait a little while, and have tw marshmallws instead. Sme kids eat the marshmallw immediately, but mst try their best t wait fr tw.
When the researchers fllwed up with thse kids later in life, children wh waited lnger had better life utcmes: mre academic success, better scial behavir, and even markers f better health. They believe thse children wh keep waiting are the nes with the mst self-cntrl-a key factr in success, and that’s why they are s successful later.
But what if the behavir in the marshmallw test has mre t d with cultural nrms than self-cntrl?
A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide hw lng t wait fr rewards based n what they are accustmed t waiting fr in their culture. Fr example, in the United States, there is n widespread mealtime custm f waiting until everyne is served. In Japan, hwever, there is.
Because f this difference in nrms, the researchers hypthesized that Japanese children wuld wait lnger in the marshmallw test than the American children. This is exactly what they fund later in experiments.
But this isn’t cnclusive evidence; after all, maybe Japanese children actually have better self-cntrl, r maybe they differ frm American children in ther ways that culd explain the result.
In the U. S., gifts are usually given n special ccasins and children usually have t wait befre they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, hwever, gift-giving happens mre ften, and children usually pen presents immediately.
Given these cultural differences, scientists expected that if they ran the test with gifts instead f marshmallws, American kids wuld wait lnger. Once again, their hypthesis was crrect.
This is a pwerful result because it demnstrates the imprtance f culture and habit in shaping behavir. If a child waits nly few minutes befre giving up n tw marshmallws but much lnger t unwrap a gift, can we really say that child lacks self-cntrl? I dn’t think s. I think it just means that they are adjusting well t their scial settings.
40. Accrding t the researchers, why d children wh wait lnger have better life utcmes?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What was the purpse f the 2022 study?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
When scientists ran the test with gifts, American kids behaved the same as they did in the test with marshmallws.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Besides the cases mentined in the passage, please give ne r tw examples t shw hw culture shapes yur behavir. (In abut 40 wrds)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Because they believe thse children are the nes with the mst self-cntrl.
41. T test if the behavir in the marshmallw test has mre t d with cultural nrms than self-cntrl.
42. When scientists ran the test with gifts, American kids behaved the same as they did in the test with marshmallws.
When scientists ran the test with gifts instead f marshmallws, American kids waited lnger than Japanese kids.
43. In sme cultures, individuals tend t value cllectivism ver individualism, leading t behavirs such as priritizing grup harmny and cperatin. In cntrast, in cultures that priritize individualism, behavirs like independence and self-reliance are mre prevalent.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现那些能够延迟满足的孩子在后续的生活中表现更好，包括更好的学业成绩、更好的社交行为以及更健康的生活指标。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段的“When the researchers fllwed up with thse kids later in life, children wh waited lnger had better life utcmes: mre academic success, better scial behavir, and even markers f better health. They believe thse children wh keep waiting are the nes with the mst self-cntrl-a key factr in success, and that’s why they are s successful later. (当研究人员对这些孩子以后的生活进行跟踪调查时，等待时间较长的孩子有更好的生活结果：学业上更成功，社会行为更好，甚至身体更健康。他们相信那些坚持等待的孩子是最有自制力的——这是成功的关键因素，这就是为什么他们后来会如此成功。)”可知，根据研究人员的说法，等待时间更长的孩子会有更好的生活结果是因为那些孩子是最有自制力的，故答案为Because they believe thse children are the nes with the mst self-cntrl.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段的“But what if the behavir in the marshmallw test has mre t d with cultural nrms than self-cntrl? (但是，如果棉花糖测试中的行为更多地与文化规范有关，而不是自我控制呢？) ”和第四段的“A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide hw lng t wait fr rewards based n what they are accustmed t waiting fr in their culture. (2022年的一项研究验证了这样一种观点，即儿童可能会根据他们在自己的文化中习惯等待的时间来决定等待奖励的时间。)”可知，2022年研究的目的是测试棉花糖测试中的行为是否更多地与文化规范而非自我控制有关，故答案为T test if the behavir in the marshmallw test has mre t d with cultural nrms than self-cntrl.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第七段的“In the U. S., gifts are usually given n special ccasins and children usually have t wait befre they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, hwever, gift-giving happens mre ften, and children usually pen presents immediately. (在美国，礼物通常是在特殊的场合送的，孩子们通常要等一等才能打开礼物。然而，在日本，送礼的频率更高，孩子们通常会立即打开礼物。)”可知，“美国孩子的行为与他们在棉花糖测试中的行为相同。”这一说法是错误的，因为文章提到，当测试是用礼物而不是棉花糖进行时，美国孩子实际上等待的时间更长。因此，美国孩子的行为在这两种情况下是不同的。当科学家们用礼物代替棉花糖进行测试时，美国孩子比日本孩子等的时间长，故答案为When scientists ran the test with gifts instead f marshmallws, American kids waited lnger than Japanese kids.
【43题详解】
开放性试卷。举例说明文化塑造行为，例如：在一些文化中，个人倾向于重视集体主义而非个人主义，这导致了诸如优先考虑群体和谐与合作等行为。相比之下，在重视个人主义的文化中，独立和自力更生等行为更为普遍，故答案为In sme cultures, individuals tend t value cllectivism ver individualism, leading t behavirs such as priritizing grup harmny and cperatin. In cntrast, in cultures that priritize individualism, behavirs like independence and self-reliance are mre prevalent.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。今年世界地球日的主题为“Planet vs. Plastics”，你校将举办相关活动。你的笔友Jim发来邮件，询问该活动的情况。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1. 活动内容；
2. 你的任务。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad t share with yu the upcming event at ur schl.
The theme f this year’s Wrld Earth Day is “Planet vs. Plastics”, fcusing n the danger f plastic pllutin and ur schl has rganized a series f activities. These include a lecture n plastic pllutin, a wrkshp n hw t reuse plastics, and a clean-up campaign. I have been assigned t help rganize the clean-up campaign. We will gather in the schlyard and head t ur designated area and wrk tgether t pick up any plastic waste that we find. I’m really lking frward t this pprtunity.
I hpe yu can als participate in similar activities in yur area t help prtect ur planet.
Best regards.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份，就你的笔友Jim发来邮件，询问你校在今年世界地球日将举办以“Planet vs. Plastics”为主题的活动一事，用英文给他回复，介绍此项活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴：be glad t→ be thrilled t
集中精力于：fcus n → cncentrate n
一系列的：a series f→ a sequence f
帮助：help→ assist
2.句式拓展
同义句改写
原句：I’m glad t share with yu the upcming event at ur schl.
拓展句：It gives me immense pleasure t infrm yu abut the frthcming event scheduled at ur schl.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The theme f this year’s Wrld Earth Day is “Planet vs. Plastics”, fcusing n the danger f plastic pllutin and ur schl has rganized a series f activities.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
【高分句型2】We will gather in the schlyard and head t ur designated area and wrk tgether t pick up any plastic waste that we find（运用了关系代词that引导的定语从句）