还剩30页未读，
继续阅读
2022届北京市东城区高三下学期综合练习(一)（一模）英语试题 （含解析）
展开
这是一份2022届北京市东城区高三下学期综合练习(一)（一模）英语试题 （含解析），共33页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市东城区2021—2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Every year, around 20,000 American teenagers age out of foster care (寄养) at 18, and have to start their lives by themselves.
Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child. Although the ___1___ didn’t work out, Ella often found herself thinking about that child. “I’m really close with my family, and just couldn’t imagine being ___2___ on my own at 18,” she says.
Later, Ella visited Children Services, with a list of questions, trying to ___3___ what aging out looked like. One question was “What’s not being ___4___ for these young people?”. Near the top of the list was furniture. “The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on pulled at my heartstrings,” says Ella.
Ella contacted her parents’ friends asking if they had spare furniture to ___5___. And a local furniture store offered free space and delivery truck. Then she formed Chair-ity, a nonprofit providing furniture for young adults who have ___6___ foster care.
Watching those in need receive a bed, a table—whatever—was transformational. Ella remembers Hannah, a former foster care girl who couldn’t afford any furniture. When Hannah ___7___ to Chair-ity, Ella asked what she needed. “Everything,” she replied. When she found her once ___8___ apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.”
“To think what hadn’t been thought about in years could bring so much happiness to somebody was ___9___,” Ella says.
Today, Chair-ity has given furniture to nearly 200 young adults. As word has got out, Ella has received donations from more and more people. She’s convinced these contributions give those young people _____10_____ and confidence.
1. A. plan B. job C. way D. task
2. A. occasionally B. completely C. frequently D. slightly
3. A. explain B. understand C. expect D. recall
4. A. met B. built C. meant D. kept
5. A. arrange B. sell C. fix D. donate
6. A. left B. found C. improved D. thanked
7. A. looked up B. reached out C. held on D. gave in
8. A. quiet B. cold C. small D. empty
9. A. promising B. puzzling C. amazing D. pressing
10. A. purpose B. freedom C. hope D. guidance
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A few weeks ago, I accidentally dropped a plate and it broke into a billion pieces! I’d had it for about 40 years. This morning, we had a parcel ___11___ (deliver) to my son. He opened it and ___12___ (proud) handed a new plate to me, which he had bought with his own savings, saying that he knew ___13___ upset I was and wanted to surprise me!
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On 15 May, 2021, China became the second country ___14___ (land) a spacecraft on Mars. The rover, Zhurong, ___15___ (carry) to Mars on board the Tianwen 1 spacecraft, which was launched in July 2020. Equipped with cameras and a radar, Zhurong’s task was to search for signs of life. It ___16___ (work) on Mars surface for over ten months and is in good shape.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
COP26, known as “Conferences of the Parties”, was the latest in a series of ___17___ (meeting) bringing together governments to protect the environment. Its main goal was to take measures ___18___ climate change—long—term changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming, industry and transport. Gases such as carbon dioxide, ___19___ are produced by these activities, trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise, ___20___ (lead) to extreme floods, heatwaves and storms.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race—it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.
Itinerary
17 May 2023 Welcome to Jizhou, Tianjin
18 May 2023 Route Inspection Day
19 May 2023 Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option
20 May 2023 Race Day
21 May 2023 Explore Beijing & Evening Celebration Party
22 May 2023 Farewell China
※On Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have.
Rules & Regulations
Full marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old. Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above.
The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT (Finished No Time) on the result list.
If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon
route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a marathon runner who changes distances during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time.
Visa Information
6 — 8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa.
For more details please visit us online at www.greatwallmarathon.com.
21. What will participants do on Route Inspection Day?
A. Enjoy the Fun Run. B. Join in a 3.5 km walk.
C. Get medical insurance. D. Attend a training course.
22. According to the rules, full marathon participants ______.
A. will receive a FNT on the result list B. can change distances on Race Day.
C. should be at least 12 years old D. will be awarded medals
23. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To advertise a sport event. B. To promote a cultural tour.
C. To introduce a marathon camp. D. To publicize a place of interest.
B
Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He’d hiked the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.
As the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery remaining on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip he’d planned.
Compean climbed to a spot where he found one bar of signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I’m lost,” he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. Dressed only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night on high alert.
Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo was working at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a man’s legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone might recognize the location.
“I’ve always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie
scenes or commercials were filmed. He’s often successful. When he saw the image, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop. “There’s an amazing amount of information you can get from satellites,” he says. The first thing he noticed in Compean’s photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He’s got to be on the south side because there’re not any green valleys on the north side.”
That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was cross- referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!
After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found.
Compean’s story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.
24. What caused Compean to get lost on the hike?
A. The thick forest. B. The unfamiliar route.
C. The coming of nightfall. D. Low battery on the phone.
25. Kuo was able to offer help because of ______.
A. his photo reading ability B. his sense of responsibility
C. his professional experience D. his familiarity with the area
26. What can we learn from this story?
A. One good turn deserves another.
B. Chance favors the prepared mind.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D. There’s no such thing as useless knowledge.
C
Last year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a man’s brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces (接口), or BCIs, which allow computers to read information out of a living brain.
Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals.
Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the details—what patterns of activity within the map
mean—differ from person to person. In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption (加密), safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.
That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.
While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.
Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain.
27. What can we learn about brain maps?
A. They carry unique messages.
B. They can process encrypted signals.
C. Their functions vary from person to person.
D. Their locations reveal human thinking patterns.
28. What can we infer from the passage?
A. BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically.
B. BCIs could help recover from brain injuries.
C. Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind.
D. The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs.
29. What does the underlined word “surreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Secure. B. Stable.
C. Standard. D. Secret.
30. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The future trend of BCIs. B. The potential risks of BCIs.
C. The working principle of BCIs. D. The general applications of BCIs.
D
Journal-based peer review—the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the inspection of others who are experts in the same field—is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. Reviewing a paper can delay its publication by up to a year; is that a price worth paying to ensure the trustworthiness of the published literature? Well, yes and no.
I’m not yet ready to abandon journal-based peer review. I’d still like to see all papers pass some sort of checking stage before formal publication, but I feel the ground moving. The growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. Publication in journals has become more about fame and this has affected both the motivations of authors and the job of reviewers.
Competition for prized spots in journals drives scientists to do some of their best work. But the excessive (过多的) rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-cutting, as stories polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up. And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality.
These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system. However, as biologist Ron Vale argued recently—fittingly, in a preprint—preprints may be a way out because they don’t involve a major shift away from the norm. That may seem an odd claim given that preprints have been in existence for twenty years, yet have not been adopted universally. This slow uptake is not only a reflection of the built-in conservatism of scientists, but also a result of the widespread misunderstanding that journals won’t accept manuscripts which have been posted online as preprints. There is also a fear that publication of papers without peer review risks opening the floodgates to “junk science”—something which, so far at least, has yet to occur.
Preprints enable the informal scientific discussions once restricted to correspondence between individuals. They could also become an effective outlet for negative results—a vital aspect of the scientific process often ignored by the journals’ excessive preoccupation (关注) with new discoveries. Furthermore, preprints significantly increase the number of times papers are read and cited by others. By taking advantage of the web’s culture of openness and accessibility, preprints should help to refocus attention where it matters—on the work itself, not where it is published.
31. According to Paragraph 1, what is the popular opinion on peer review?
A. It limits the number of research works.
B. It ensures the quality of scientific papers.
C. It removes public doubts about publication.
D. It changes the process of scientific publishing.
32. The author may agree that scientific journals ______.
A. urge scientists to pursue integrity in their work
B. rely on reviewers to revise faulty research papers
C. choose articles for their appeal over scientific value
D. try to cut costs to maintain their position in the field
33. What’s the author’s opinion on the growing use of preprints?
A. It will contribute to junk science.
B It may end the practice of peer review.
C. It promotes the spread of research findings.
D. It improves the quality of scientific publication.
34. This is basically a passage to ______.
A. make comparison B. confirm a concept
C. encourage innovation D. propose a practice
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you’re behind the wheel, distractions (分心) cost lives. Nevertheless, drivers take selfies, and respond to text messages. ____35____
Smartphones are often at the root of these tragedies. As Big Tech sets its sights on modern vehicles, it’s appropriate to ask if it’s time to limit attention-stealing technology that distracts the driver.
Big Tech wants to take on the automotive industry. And it is good at grabbing both attention and information from users. At first, the goal of these technology companies was to give away services at no cost, simply to attract a customer base. ____36____ Their increasing thirst for valuable user information has led them to the automotive industry, where a whole new world of data awaits. Location data, frequent destinations, passenger preferences—such data is found in family cars. ____37____
Mobile tech is walled off from vehicle operating systems by software that keeps infotainment (information and
entertainment) features away from the mission-critical driving electronics. If auto makers give up their core operating system to tech powerhouses, they will essentially become hardware suppliers to Silicon Valley.
____38____ Their responsibility is to keep attention on the road, providing vehicle information and a small amount of entertainment options while getting passengers from place to place as safely as possible. Smartphone makers and digital-media providers don’t have this priority. They want eyes on their products, not on the road.
With electric vehicles transforming the auto industry and artificial intelligence more common than ever, we’re at a dangerous moment. ____39____ Because their hardware is wrapped around families, they have a duty to keep them safe. The only way they can do that is to maintain control of the driver’s seat.
The quality, safety and security will make or break trust in auto makers. Without it, cars will be simply one more intrusive and risky mobile device.
A. Car companies have priorities opposed to those of Big Tech.
B. Now they exist to sell information about their users to advertisers.
C. They enjoy the convenience and fun brought by modern technology.
D. Car makers are, and should be, the most trusted technology companies in the world.
E. Currently video-streaming services are starting to be built into car operating systems.
F. And operating systems and autonomous-driving software are all gateways for this information.
G. Statistics show that an average of eight people a day die in accidents caused by distracted driving.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 （共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
It’s after midnight and you’ve been studying all day. Empty energy drinks line the table and you sigh, “Tomorrow, I’ m getting ice cream. I deserve to treat myself.”
This year, the so-called “treat yourself culture” has expanded far beyond what was once a reward-based mindset. Now, “treating yourself” has become more about stress-caused indulgence (放纵). It represents the more deep-seated issues with the stress we regularly put ourselves under.
The root of the problem lies in our belief that we should be doing more work if it isn’t hard enough. Especially at a top university, I constantly find myself wanting to do more. I want more credits, a higher-grade point average, and more responsibilities I’ll later use as conversation topics in interviews. This drive is by no means a bad thing. We all are trying to eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life. However, there are a lot of problems with this logic. Without sounding completely hopeless and pessimistic, it is possible that the
future we imagine in our twenties will not become reality. Therefore, it is important to integrate things that make us happy with work, school or life induced stress.
Psychology certainly supports this belief. While having good self-control was positively associated with happiness, being able to enjoy life’s little pleasures without feeling ashamed of doing so is just as important. For example, even if you have a busy schedule of work, make time to stop by your favorite coffee shop or spend ten minutes to go on a walk outdoors.
I cannot urge you to give up your late nights of studying, energy drinks and all. I cannot tell you to always choose to do something that makes you happy over something you have or should do. Frankly, this is just not the way life works. We have to put up with the hard work and put in the time. Without pain, we’d also lose happiness and joy. It’s all about balance.
So, instead of looking at everything as a way to handle the stress and something to “treat myself”, let’s try to make treating ourselves a far more common practice in the busy lives we lead.
40 What causes the so-called “treat yourself culture”?
41. What does “this logic” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
• Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life’s little pleasures.
43. Are you a follower of “treat yourself culture”? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
第二节 （20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。目前，市动物园正在为一只幼虎全球征名。请给你的英国笔友Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍活动；
2. 邀请参加。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
北京市东城区2021—2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Every year, around 20,000 American teenagers age out of foster care (寄养) at 18, and have to start their lives by themselves.
Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child. Although the ___1___ didn’t work out, Ella often found herself thinking about that child. “I’m really close with my family, and just couldn’t imagine being ___2___ on my own at 18,” she says.
Later, Ella visited Children Services, with a list of questions, trying to ___3___ what aging out looked like. One question was “What’s not being ___4___ for these young people?”. Near the top of the list was furniture. “The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on pulled at my heartstrings,” says Ella.
Ella contacted her parents’ friends, asking if they had spare furniture to ___5___. And a local furniture store offered free space and delivery truck. Then she formed Chair-ity, a nonprofit providing furniture for young adults who have ___6___ foster care.
Watching those in need receive a bed, a table—whatever—was transformational. Ella remembers Hannah, a former foster care girl who couldn’t afford any furniture. When Hannah ___7___ to Chair-ity, Ella asked what she needed. “Everything,” she replied. When she found her once ___8___ apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.”
“To think what hadn’t been thought about in years could bring so much happiness to somebody was ___9___,” Ella says.
Today, Chair-ity has given furniture to nearly 200 young adults. As word has got out, Ella has received donations from more and more people. She’s convinced these contributions give those young people _____10_____ and confidence.
1. A. plan B. job C. way D. task
2. A. occasionally B. completely C. frequently D. slightly
3. A. explain B. understand C. expect D. recall
4. A. met B. built C. meant D. kept
5. A. arrange B. sell C. fix D. donate
6. A. left B. found C. improved D. thanked
7. A. looked up B. reached out C. held on D. gave in
8. A. quiet B. cold C. small D. empty
9. A. promising B. puzzling C. amazing D. pressing
10. A. purpose B. freedom C. hope D. guidance
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1 A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍Ella意识到今后将要依靠自己，独立生活后，建立了一个非营利组织，以此帮助那些脱离寄养的年轻人，为他们提供家具，给他们的生活带来希望和信心。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然计划没有成功，但Ella经常发现自己在想那个孩子。A. plan计划；B. job工作；C. way方式；D. task任务。根据“Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child.”可知，Ella的父母考虑收养一个孩子。故推知想要收养一个孩子是Ella父母的计划，故选A。
【2题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我和我的家人真的很亲近，无法想象在18岁时要完全靠自己。”A. occasionally偶尔地；B. completely完全地；C. frequently频繁地；D. slightly稍微地。根据“Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child.”及“I’m really close with my family”可知，Ella和家人很亲近，直到父母说收养一个孩子时，她才意识到要离开父母，一个人生活。故推知Ella此前完全没有想过在18岁时，要完全靠自己，故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，Ella访问了儿童服务中心，并列出了一系列问题，试图了解长大了是什么样子。A. explain解释；B. understand了解；C. expect期待；D. recall回想，回忆起。根据““I’m really close with my family, and just couldn’t imagine being ___2___ on my own at 18,” she says.”及“One question was “What’s not being ___4___ for these young people?”.”可知，Ella没有独自生活过，所以通过提问题，来了解长大后的样子，故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个问题是：年轻人没有遇见过什么事情？A. met遇见；B. built建造；C. meant意味着；D. kept继续。根据上文““I’m really close with my family, and just couldn’t imagine being ___2___ on my own at 18,” she says.”可知，Ella从未想象离开父母，自己独自生活。故推知Ella不知道独自生活后会遇到什么事，所以她想知道，年轻人没有遇见过什么事情？故选A。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ella联系了她父母的朋友，问他们是否有闲置的家具可以捐赠。A. arrange安排；B. sell卖；C. fix安装；D. donate捐赠。根据下文“As word has got out, Ella has received donations from more and more people.”可知，这些床等家具都是别人捐的，故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她成立了Chair-ity，这是一个非营利组织，为离开寄养的年轻人提供家具。A. left离开；B. found发现；C. improved改善；D. thanked感谢。根据“Later, Ella visited Children Services, with a list of questions, trying to ___3___ what aging out looked like.”可知，Ella想要了解离开寄养的年轻人是什么样子，并要帮助他们。故此处Ella想为离开寄养的年轻人提供家具，故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当汉娜找到Chair-ity时，Ella问她需要什么。她回答：“一切”。A. looked up找；B. reached out提供援助；C. held on抓紧；D. gave in屈服。根据“Ella remembers Hannah, a former foster care girl who couldn’t afford any furniture.”可知，汉娜买不起任何家具，希望得到帮助，所以找到能捐赠她家具的Chair-ity，故选A。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她发现她曾经空荡荡的公寓里有一套齐全的厨房设备，一张床和一张桌子时，她说：“这真的减轻了我的压力。”A. quiet安静的；B. cold冷的；C. small小的；D. empty空的。根据上文“When Hannah ___7___ to Chair-ity, Ella asked what she needed. “Everything,” she replied.”可知，汉娜需要所有的东西，故推知她的新房子是空的，什么都没有，故选D。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ella说：“想到多年来从未想过的事情可以给某人带来如此多的幸福，真是太令人惊喜了。”A. promising有希望的，有前途的；B. puzzling使人困惑的；C. amazing令人惊奇的，令人惊喜的；D. pressing紧迫的。根据上文“When she found her once ___8___ apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.””可知，Chair-ity将家具摆满空荡荡的汉娜家，减轻了汉娜的压力，为她的生活带来了希望和幸福。故推知为他人捐赠家具会带给人幸福和惊喜，故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她相信这些捐献物给这些年轻人带来了希望和信心。A. purpose意图；B. freedom自由；C. hope希望；D. guidance指导。根据“When she found her once ___8___ apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.””可知，Chair-ity将家具摆满空荡荡的汉娜家，减轻了汉娜的压力，为她的生活带来了希望。故捐赠物给年轻人带来了生活的希望和信心。故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A few weeks ago, I accidentally dropped a plate and it broke into a billion pieces! I’d had it for about 40 years. This morning, we had a parcel ___11___ (deliver) to my son. He opened it and ___12___ (proud) handed a new plate to me, which he had bought with his own savings, saying that he knew ___13___ upset I was and wanted to surprise me!
【11~13题答案】
【答案】11. delivered
12 proudly
13. how
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的儿子为了让作者开心，用自己攒的钱给作者买了一个新盘子。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今天早上，我们收到了一个寄给儿子的包裹。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作定语；根据句意，所填词deliver与空格前名词parcel之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填delivered。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：他打开它，骄傲地递给我一个新的盘子，这是他用自己的积蓄买的，说他知道我有多烦恼，想给我一个惊喜! 分析句子结构，可知此处应该填副词，在句中作状语修饰动词handed（递交）。故填proudly。
【13题详解】
考查感叹句和连词。句意：他打开盘子，骄傲地递给我一个新的盘子，这是他用自己的积蓄买的，说他知道我有多生气，想给我一个惊喜! 分析句子结构，可知此处考查感叹句；由空格后结构upset可知，此处符合“how+ adj.+主谓!” 的结构。故填how。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On 15 May, 2021, China became the second country ___14___ (land) a spacecraft on Mars. The rover, Zhurong, ___15___ (carry) to Mars on board the Tianwen 1 spacecraft, which was launched in July 2020. Equipped with cameras and a radar, Zhurong’s task was to search for signs of life. It ___16___ (work) on Mars surface for over ten months and is in good shape.
【14~16题答案】
【答案】14. to land
15. was carried
16. has worked
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。2021年5月15日，中国成为第二个在火星上着陆航天器的国家。2020年7月，中国发射了“天文学家一号”探测器，将探测器“祝融”送上火星。祝荣的任务是寻找生命的迹象，他身上装有摄像机和雷达。它已经在火星表面工作了十个多月，状态良好。。
【14题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：中国是第二个发送载人飞船上火星的国家。“the+序数词+to do sth”译为“第几个做什么事情的”，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to land。
【15题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：祝融探测器被天问一号宇宙飞船带上火星。主句中没有谓语动词，所以carry考虑作谓语动词。主语The rover, Zhurong祝融探测器，宾语the Tianwen 1 spacecraft天问一号宇宙飞船，谓语动词carry，探测器是被宇宙飞船带上去的，主谓之间的关系是被带，所以用被动语态，又考虑到时过去时态，故填was carried。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：它已经在火星表面工作超过10个月，并且状态良好。本句话中没有谓语动词，所以work作谓语动词。句子中“for over ten months”（超过10个月）表示一段时间，考虑用完成时态；and表示并列， 后边的谓语动词is用的是一般现在时态，所以用现在完成时态，又考虑到主语是it，所以用第三人称单数形式，故填has worked。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
COP26, known as “Conferences of the Parties”, was the latest in a series of ___17___ (meeting) bringing together governments to protect the environment. Its main goal was to take measures ___18___ climate change—long—term changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming, industry and transport. Gases such as carbon dioxide, ___19___ are produced by these activities, trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise, ___20___ (lead) to extreme floods, heatwaves and storms.
【17~20题答案】
【答案】17. meetings 18. on
19. which 20. leading
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了“缔约方大会”主要目标是采取措施应对气候变化——世界气候模式的长期变化与包括农业、工业和交通在内的人类活动有关。由这些活动产生的气体，如二氧化碳，将热量困住在地球大气中，导致温度上升，导致极端洪水、热浪和风暴。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：第二十六次缔约方大会是一系列政府为保护环境而召开的会议中最新的一次。a series of表示“一系列”，后面加名词复数，故填meetings。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：它的主要目标是采取措施应对气候变化——世界气候模式的长期变化与包括农业、工业和交通在内的人类活动有关。take measures on sth.，表示“对某事采取措施”，故填on。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：由这些活动产生的气体，如二氧化碳，将热量困住在地球大气中，导致温度上升，导致极端洪水、热浪和风暴。先行词是Gases，在定语从句中做主语，指代物，用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：被由这些活动产生的气体，如二氧化碳，将热量困住在地球大气中，导致温度上升，导致极端洪水、热浪和风暴。此处表示一种自然而然的结果，用现在分词做结果状语。故填leading。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing
places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race—it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.
Itinerary
17 May 2023 Welcome to Jizhou, Tianjin
18 May 2023 Route Inspection Day
19 May 2023 Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option
20 May 2023 Race Day
21 May 2023 Explore Beijing & Evening Celebration Party
22 May 2023 Farewell China
※On Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have.
Rules & Regulations
Full marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old. Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above.
The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT (Finished No Time) on the result list.
If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a marathon runner who changes distances during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time.
Visa Information
6 — 8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa.
For more details, please visit us online at www.greatwallmarathon.com.
21. What will participants do on Route Inspection Day?
A. Enjoy the Fun Run. B. Join in a 3.5 km walk.
C. Get medical insurance. D. Attend a training course.
22. According to the rules, full marathon participants ______.
A. will receive a FNT on the result list B. can change distances on Race Day.
C. should be at least 12 years old D. will be awarded medals
23. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To advertise a sport event. B. To promote a cultural tour.
C. To introduce a marathon camp. D. To publicize a place of interest.
【21~23题答案】
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了长城马拉松比赛，包括比赛的行程、规则和条例以及签证信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Itinerary中的内容“All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course.（所有的参赛者都将在马拉松、半程马拉松和8.5公里的趣味跑中走完这段3.5公里长的城墙。）”可知，参加者在路线检查日会参加3.5公里的步行。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Rules & Regulations中第三段中第一句“If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time.（如果你决定在比赛中改变距离，也就是说，如果一个半程马拉松选手决定沿着马拉松路线跑，他或她将收到一个证书，但不是官方的时间。）”可知，按照规定，全程马拉松参赛者可以在比赛的过程中改变距离。故选B项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段内容“The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race—it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.（长城马拉松的设计不仅仅是一场比赛。我们希望您能够在令人惊叹的地方跑步，周围都是友好的人，并接触到新的文化体验。这不仅仅是关于比赛，而是关于与家人、朋友和其他有跑步精神的人一起享受时光。）”可知，这篇文章的目的是宣传本次的马拉松比赛，吸引人报名参与。因此A
项“为体育赛事做广告”符合。故选A项。
B
Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He’d hiked the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.
As the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery remaining on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip he’d planned.
Compean climbed to a spot where he found one bar of signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I’m lost,” he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. Dressed only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night on high alert.
Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo was working at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a man’s legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone might recognize the location.
“I’ve always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He’s often successful. When he saw the image, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop. “There’s an amazing amount of information you can get from satellites,” he says. The first thing he noticed in Compean’s photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He’s got to be on the south side because there’re not any green valleys on the north side.”
That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was cross- referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!
After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found.
Compean’s story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.
24. What caused Compean to get lost on the hike?
A. The thick forest. B. The unfamiliar route.
C. The coming of nightfall. D. Low battery on the phone.
25. Kuo was able to offer help because of ______.
A. his photo reading ability B. his sense of responsibility
C. his professional experience D. his familiarity with the area
26. What can we learn from this story?
A. One good turn deserves another.
B. Chance favors the prepared mind.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D. There’s no such thing as useless knowledge.
【24~26题答案】
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是Rene Compean在洛杉矶国家森林公园迷路了，Ben Kuo通过对比照片和卫星地图找到了Rene Compean。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.”（但当他沿着一条新路径徒步时，45岁的他迷路了。），可知，不熟悉的路线使Compean在徒步旅行中迷路，故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段““I’ve always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He’s often successful. When he saw the image, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop.”（“我一直喜欢寻找拍照的地方，”郭说。他经常试图找出电影场景或广告是在哪里拍摄的。他经常成功。当他看到这张照片时，他自动在笔记本电脑上调出了一张卫星地图。），可知，Kuo 能够提供帮助是因为他的照片辨认能力，故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Compean’s story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.”（如果不是因为他有很强的卫星技术和对细节的敏锐眼光，Compean的故事可能会以不同的方式结束。）可知，通过Kuo对卫星技术的知识救了迷路的Compean，可推断出“没有无用的知识”。故选D。
C
Last year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a man’s brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces (接口) or BCIs, which allow computers to read information out of a living brain.
Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of
tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals.
Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the details—what patterns of activity within the map mean—differ from person to person. In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption (加密), safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.
That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.
While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.
Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain.
27. What can we learn about brain maps?
A. They carry unique messages.
B. They can process encrypted signals.
C. Their functions vary from person to person.
D. Their locations reveal human thinking patterns.
28. What can we infer from the passage?
A. BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically.
B. BCIs could help recover from brain injuries.
C. Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind.
D. The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs.
29. What does the underlined word “surreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Secure. B. Stable.
C. Standard. D. Secret.
30. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The future trend of BCIs. B. The potential risks of BCIs.
C. The working principle of BCIs. D. The general applications of BCIs.
【27~30题答案】
【答案】27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了BCIs（脑机接口）技术及这种技术的工作原理。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions.”（首先，你的大脑包含数百张小地图。每一个都代表了你身体感受和预期行为的特定特征。）可知，每一个脑图都代表了你身体感受和预期行为的特定特征，由此可知，关于脑图，我们能知道它们承载着独特的信息。故选A项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.”（多亏了机器学习的进步，科学家们开发了一些程序，可以学习在浩瀚的数字海洋中识别关键模式。他们通过给这些程序输入大量的例子来训练它们对大脑信号进行解码。开发BCI的研究人员通常通过指导一个人在特定时间思考特定的想法来创建这样的例子，为该程序创建一个可供学习的神经课程。）可知，由于机器学习的进步，科学家们开发了一些程序对大脑信号进行解码，进而使BCI能够读懂大脑，由此可知，我们能从这篇文章中推断出机器学习使BCI能够读懂大脑。故选C项。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句中“train decoders on your brain without your knowledge”（在你不知情的情况下在你的大脑中训练解码器）可知，在你的大脑中训练解码器的行为是在你不知情的情况下发生的，由此可知，这应该是一些秘密的方式，“Secret”意为“秘密的”，能够代替画线单词在句中所要表达的含义。故选D项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段关键句“Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first
is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps.”（脑机接口之所以成为可能，有两个原因。首先，你的大脑包含数百张小地图。）和第四段关键句“That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers.”（这就引出了第二个让脑机接口成为可能的事实。多亏了机器学习的进步，科学家们开发了一些程序，可以学习在浩瀚的数字海洋中识别关键模式。）可知，文章主要介绍了脑机接口技术及这种技术的工作原理，“The working principle of BCIs.”意为“脑机接口的工作原理”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选C项。
D
Journal-based peer review—the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the inspection of others who are experts in the same field—is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. Reviewing a paper can delay its publication by up to a year; is that a price worth paying to ensure the trustworthiness of the published literature? Well, yes and no.
I’m not yet ready to abandon journal-based peer review. I’d still like to see all papers pass some sort of checking stage before formal publication, but I feel the ground moving. The growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. Publication in journals has become more about fame and this has affected both the motivations of authors and the job of reviewers.
Competition for prized spots in journals drives scientists to do some of their best work. But the excessive (过多的) rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-cutting, as stories polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up. And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality.
These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system. However, as biologist Ron Vale argued recently—fittingly, in a preprint—preprints may be a way out because they don’t involve a major shift away from the norm. That may seem an odd claim given that preprints have been in existence for twenty years, yet have not been adopted universally. This slow uptake is not only a reflection of the built-in conservatism of scientists, but also a result of the widespread misunderstanding that journals won’t accept manuscripts which have been posted online as preprints. There is also a fear that publication of papers without peer review risks opening the floodgates to “junk science”—something which, so far at least, has yet to occur.
Preprints enable the informal scientific discussions once restricted to correspondence between individuals. They could also become an effective outlet for negative results—a vital aspect of the scientific process often ignored by the journals’ excessive preoccupation (关注) with new discoveries. Furthermore, preprints significantly increase the number of times papers are read and cited by others. By taking advantage of the web’s culture of openness and accessibility, preprints should help to refocus attention where it matters—on the work itself, not where it is published.
31. According to Paragraph 1, what is the popular opinion on peer review?
A. It limits the number of research works.
B. It ensures the quality of scientific papers.
C. It removes public doubts about publication.
D. It changes the process of scientific publishing.
32. The author may agree that scientific journals ______.
A. urge scientists to pursue integrity in their work
B. rely on reviewers to revise faulty research papers
C. choose articles for their appeal over scientific value
D. try to cut costs to maintain their position in the field
33. What’s the author’s opinion on the growing use of preprints?
A. It will contribute to junk science.
B. It may end the practice of peer review.
C. It promotes the spread of research findings.
D. It improves the quality of scientific publication.
34. This is basically a passage to ______.
A. make comparison B. confirm a concept
C. encourage innovation D. propose a practice
【31~34题答案】
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍同行评审及预印本，介绍它们的优点及缺点，并鼓励我们对其进行革新。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Journal-based peer review—the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the
inspection of others who are experts in the same field—is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. (基于期刊的同行评审——将科学研究论文置于同一领域专家的检查的过程——通常被认为是研究的质量保证机制。它声称是防止发表错误论文的重要措施。)”可知，对于同行评审的普遍观点是：同行评审可以保证科研论文的质量，故选B。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality. (审稿人的工作也变得扭曲：现在更常见的是，不是决定一篇论文是否好，而是考虑到期刊的发表，决定它是否足够好。对于顶级期刊来说，这可能既取决于科学质量，也取决于新闻价值。)”可知，作者认为科学期刊发表文章更注重新闻价值。故推知比起科学期刊的科学价值，科学期刊选择文章更注重其新闻价值和吸引力，故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. (越来越多的使用预印本，即未经同行评审而在线发布的论文草稿，是这一转变的关键部分，因为它们将科研人员带回到了研究出版物的全部内容当中。新成果的快速流通，以便于阅读、分析和构建。)”可知，作者认为预印本促进了新研究成果的快速流通，促进了研究成果的传播，故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system. (这些问题是众所周知的，但科学的悲剧在于，很少有人愿意脱离当前的制度。)”及最后一段“By taking advantage of the web’s culture of openness and accessibility, preprints should help to refocus attention where it matters—on the work itself, not where it is published. (通过利用网络的开放性和可访问性文化，预印本应该有助于将注意力重新集中在重要的地方——作品本身，而不是出版的地方。)”可知，文章主要介绍同行评审及预印本，介绍它们的优点及缺点，目的是鼓励我们进行革新，故选C。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you’re behind the wheel, distractions (分心) cost lives. Nevertheless, drivers take selfies, and respond to
text messages. ____35____
Smartphones are often at the root of these tragedies. As Big Tech sets its sights on modern vehicles, it’s appropriate to ask if it’s time to limit attention-stealing technology that distracts the driver.
Big Tech wants to take on the automotive industry. And it is good at grabbing both attention and information from users. At first, the goal of these technology companies was to give away services at no cost, simply to attract a customer base. ____36____ Their increasing thirst for valuable user information has led them to the automotive industry, where a whole new world of data awaits. Location data, frequent destinations, passenger preferences—such data is found in family cars. ____37____
Mobile tech is walled off from vehicle operating systems by software that keeps infotainment (information and entertainment) features away from the mission-critical driving electronics. If auto makers give up their core operating system to tech powerhouses, they will essentially become hardware suppliers to Silicon Valley.
____38____ Their responsibility is to keep attention on the road, providing vehicle information and a small amount of entertainment options while getting passengers from place to place as safely as possible. Smartphone makers and digital-media providers don’t have this priority. They want eyes on their products, not on the road.
With electric vehicles transforming the auto industry, and artificial intelligence more common than ever, we’re at a dangerous moment. ____39____ Because their hardware is wrapped around families, they have a duty to keep them safe. The only way they can do that is to maintain control of the driver’s seat.
The quality, safety and security will make or break trust in auto makers. Without it, cars will be simply one more intrusive and risky mobile device.
A. Car companies have priorities opposed to those of Big Tech.
B. Now they exist to sell information about their users to advertisers.
C. They enjoy the convenience and fun brought by modern technology.
D. Car makers are, and should be, the most trusted technology companies in the world.
E. Currently video-streaming services are starting to be built into car operating systems.
F. And operating systems and autonomous-driving software are all gateways for this information.
G. Statistics show that an average of eight people a day die in accidents caused by distracted driving.
【35~39题答案】
【答案】35. G 36. B 37. F 38. A 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章主要论述了随着大型科技公司将目光投向现代汽车，是到了应该限制那些分散司机注意力的技术了，而汽车制造商此时也应当承担起他们应有的责任——保证家庭的安全。
【35题详解】
上文“When you’re behind the wheel, distractions (分心) cost lives. Nevertheless, drivers take selfies, and respond to text messages.”说明了开车分心以失去生命为代价，但是还是有很多司机做一些分心的事情；下文“Smartphones are often at the root of these tragedies. ”说明了手机通常是这些悲剧的根源；G选项“统计数据显示，平均每天有8人死于分心驾驶引起的交通事故”符合下文指代的these tragedies，且承接上文说明了司机自拍和回复信息所导致的后果，符合题意。故选G项。
【36题详解】
上文“At first, the goal of these technology companies was to give away services at no cost, simply to attract a customer base.”说明了大型科技公司最开始的目的是吸引客户群；后文“Their increasing thirst for valuable user information has led them to the automotive industry, where a whole new world of data awaits.”说明了这些科技公司越来越渴望有价值的用户信息；B选项“现在他们的存在是为了将用户的信息卖给广告商”中的now与前文的at first相对应，进行了前后的一个对比，且information about their users 也与后文的user information相对应，符合题意。故选B项。
【37题详解】
上文“Their increasing thirst for valuable user information has led them to the automotive industry, where a whole new world of data awaits.Location data, frequent destinations, passenger preferences—such data is found in family cars.”说明了大型科技公司渴望一个全新的关于位置数据、频繁目的地、乘客偏好的数据世界；F选项“操作系统和自动驾驶软件都是这些信息的网关”承接上文说明了大型科技公司获取这些数据的渠道。故选F项。
【38题详解】
后文“Their responsibility is to keep attention on the road, providing vehicle information and a small amount of entertainment options while getting passengers from place to place as safely as possible. Smartphone makers and digital-media providers don’t have this priority. They want eyes on their products, not on the road.”说明了他们的责任是保证乘客安全；而智能手机制造商和数字媒体提供商优先考虑的是其产品；A选项“与大型科技公司相比，汽车公司有优先考虑的事情”中的Car companies与后文的their相对应，且priorities opposed to those of Big Tech也与后文的Smartphone makers and digital-media providers don’t have this priority相对应，符合题意。故选A项。
【39题详解】
后文“Because their hardware is wrapped around families, they have a duty to keep them safe. The only way they can do that is to maintain control of the driver’s seat.”说明了他们有责任保证家庭安全；D选项“汽车制造商现在是，也应该是世界上最值得信赖的科技公司”中的Car makers与后文的heir以及they
相对应，且与后文构成了因果关系，符合题意。故选D项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 （共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
It’s after midnight and you’ve been studying all day. Empty energy drinks line the table and you sigh, “Tomorrow, I’ m getting ice cream. I deserve to treat myself.”
This year, the so-called “treat yourself culture” has expanded far beyond what was once a reward-based mindset. Now, “treating yourself” has become more about stress-caused indulgence (放纵). It represents the more deep-seated issues with the stress we regularly put ourselves under.
The root of the problem lies in our belief that we should be doing more work if it isn’t hard enough. Especially at a top university, I constantly find myself wanting to do more. I want more credits, a higher-grade point average, and more responsibilities I’ll later use as conversation topics in interviews. This drive is by no means a bad thing. We all are trying to eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life. However, there are a lot of problems with this logic. Without sounding completely hopeless and pessimistic, it is possible that the future we imagine in our twenties will not become reality. Therefore, it is important to integrate things that make us happy with work, school or life induced stress.
Psychology certainly supports this belief. While having good self-control was positively associated with happiness, being able to enjoy life’s little pleasures without feeling ashamed of doing so is just as important. For example, even if you have a busy schedule of work, make time to stop by your favorite coffee shop or spend ten minutes to go on a walk outdoors.
I cannot urge you to give up your late nights of studying, energy drinks and all. I cannot tell you to always choose to do something that makes you happy over something you have or should do. Frankly, this is just not the way life works. We have to put up with the hard work and put in the time. Without pain, we’d also lose happiness and joy. It’s all about balance.
So, instead of looking at everything as a way to handle the stress and something to “treat myself”, let’s try to make treating ourselves a far more common practice in the busy lives we lead.
40 What causes the so-called “treat yourself culture”?
41. What does “this logic” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
• Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life’s little pleasures.
43. Are you a follower of “treat yourself culture”? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
【40~43题答案】
【答案】40. Stress.
41. It refers to the idea that if we work hard we will eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life.
42. ·Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life's little pleasures.
According to the passage, working hard is as important as enjoying life's little pleasures to a happy life. They're equally important.
43. 言之有理即可。Yes, I am. Because I think it can help me relax after working for a long time. But after reading this article, I must make a change, I will make treating myself a far more common practice in my life.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“善待自己文化”，呼吁人们在忙碌的生活中更常见地对待自己。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Now, “treating yourself” has become more about stress-caused indulgence. It represents the more deep-seated issues with the stress we regularly put ourselves under.（现在，“善待自己”更多地是关于压力引起的放纵。它代表了我们经常让自己承受的压力的更深层次的问题）”可知，是压力导致了所谓的“善待自己文化”。故答案为Stress.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“We all are trying to eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life. However, there are a lot of problems with this logic.（我们都试图最终到达一个我们可以放松的地方，过上更愉快的生活。然而，这种逻辑存在很多问题）”可知，这种逻辑指的是上文提到的我们都试图最终到达一个我们可以放松的地方，过上更愉快的生活。故答案为It refers to the idea that if we work hard we will eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“While having good self-control was positively associated with happiness, being able to enjoy life’s little pleasures without feeling ashamed of doing so is just as important.(虽然良好的自制力与幸福呈正相关，但能够享受生活中的小快乐而不为此感到羞愧也同样重要)”可知，在幸福生活中，努力工作和享受生活中的小快乐一样重要，而不是谁比谁更重要。因此Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life’s little pleasures.中比较级的说法是错误的。故答案为According to the passage, working hard is as important as enjoying life’s little pleasures to a happy life. They’re equally important.
【43题详解】
本题考查你是否为“善待自己”文化的追随者以及原因。言之有理即可。参考答案为Yes, I am. Because I think it can help me relax after working for a long time. But after reading this article, I must make a change, I will make treating myself a far more common practice in my life.
第二节 （20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。目前，市动物园正在为一只幼虎全球征名。请给你的英国笔友Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍活动；
2. 邀请参加。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【44题答案】
【答案】Dear Jim,
How are you doing recently? I’m writing to tell you some information. At present, the city zoo is seeking a name for a young tiger globally.
The young tiger was born in the city zoo last month. The city zoo hopes to seek a name for it, which can not only meet the characteristics of tigers, but also represent Chinese culture. People from all over the world can participate in this activity.
Since I know you are interested in animals, I sincerely invite you to join it. I wonder if you have any special thoughts about this activity. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim
写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加市动物园为幼虎全球征名的活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近怎么样？How are you doing recently?→How is it going recently?
现在：at present→now
代表： represent →stand for
参加：participate in→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：At present, the city zoo is seeking a name for a young tiger globally.
拓展句：At present, the city zoo is holding an activity whose aim is to seek a name for a young tiger globally.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Since I know you are interested in animals, I sincerely invite you to join it.（运用了Since引导的原因状语从句）
【高分句型2】I wonder if you have any special thoughts about this activity.（运用了if引导的宾语从句）
北京市东城区2021—2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Every year, around 20,000 American teenagers age out of foster care (寄养) at 18, and have to start their lives by themselves.
Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child. Although the ___1___ didn’t work out, Ella often found herself thinking about that child. “I’m really close with my family, and just couldn’t imagine being ___2___ on my own at 18,” she says.
Later, Ella visited Children Services, with a list of questions, trying to ___3___ what aging out looked like. One question was “What’s not being ___4___ for these young people?”. Near the top of the list was furniture. “The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on pulled at my heartstrings,” says Ella.
Ella contacted her parents’ friends asking if they had spare furniture to ___5___. And a local furniture store offered free space and delivery truck. Then she formed Chair-ity, a nonprofit providing furniture for young adults who have ___6___ foster care.
Watching those in need receive a bed, a table—whatever—was transformational. Ella remembers Hannah, a former foster care girl who couldn’t afford any furniture. When Hannah ___7___ to Chair-ity, Ella asked what she needed. “Everything,” she replied. When she found her once ___8___ apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.”
“To think what hadn’t been thought about in years could bring so much happiness to somebody was ___9___,” Ella says.
Today, Chair-ity has given furniture to nearly 200 young adults. As word has got out, Ella has received donations from more and more people. She’s convinced these contributions give those young people _____10_____ and confidence.
1. A. plan B. job C. way D. task
2. A. occasionally B. completely C. frequently D. slightly
3. A. explain B. understand C. expect D. recall
4. A. met B. built C. meant D. kept
5. A. arrange B. sell C. fix D. donate
6. A. left B. found C. improved D. thanked
7. A. looked up B. reached out C. held on D. gave in
8. A. quiet B. cold C. small D. empty
9. A. promising B. puzzling C. amazing D. pressing
10. A. purpose B. freedom C. hope D. guidance
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A few weeks ago, I accidentally dropped a plate and it broke into a billion pieces! I’d had it for about 40 years. This morning, we had a parcel ___11___ (deliver) to my son. He opened it and ___12___ (proud) handed a new plate to me, which he had bought with his own savings, saying that he knew ___13___ upset I was and wanted to surprise me!
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On 15 May, 2021, China became the second country ___14___ (land) a spacecraft on Mars. The rover, Zhurong, ___15___ (carry) to Mars on board the Tianwen 1 spacecraft, which was launched in July 2020. Equipped with cameras and a radar, Zhurong’s task was to search for signs of life. It ___16___ (work) on Mars surface for over ten months and is in good shape.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
COP26, known as “Conferences of the Parties”, was the latest in a series of ___17___ (meeting) bringing together governments to protect the environment. Its main goal was to take measures ___18___ climate change—long—term changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming, industry and transport. Gases such as carbon dioxide, ___19___ are produced by these activities, trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise, ___20___ (lead) to extreme floods, heatwaves and storms.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race—it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.
Itinerary
17 May 2023 Welcome to Jizhou, Tianjin
18 May 2023 Route Inspection Day
19 May 2023 Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option
20 May 2023 Race Day
21 May 2023 Explore Beijing & Evening Celebration Party
22 May 2023 Farewell China
※On Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have.
Rules & Regulations
Full marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old. Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above.
The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT (Finished No Time) on the result list.
If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon
route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a marathon runner who changes distances during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time.
Visa Information
6 — 8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa.
For more details please visit us online at www.greatwallmarathon.com.
21. What will participants do on Route Inspection Day?
A. Enjoy the Fun Run. B. Join in a 3.5 km walk.
C. Get medical insurance. D. Attend a training course.
22. According to the rules, full marathon participants ______.
A. will receive a FNT on the result list B. can change distances on Race Day.
C. should be at least 12 years old D. will be awarded medals
23. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To advertise a sport event. B. To promote a cultural tour.
C. To introduce a marathon camp. D. To publicize a place of interest.
B
Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He’d hiked the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.
As the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery remaining on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip he’d planned.
Compean climbed to a spot where he found one bar of signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I’m lost,” he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. Dressed only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night on high alert.
Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo was working at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a man’s legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone might recognize the location.
“I’ve always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie
scenes or commercials were filmed. He’s often successful. When he saw the image, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop. “There’s an amazing amount of information you can get from satellites,” he says. The first thing he noticed in Compean’s photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He’s got to be on the south side because there’re not any green valleys on the north side.”
That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was cross- referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!
After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found.
Compean’s story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.
24. What caused Compean to get lost on the hike?
A. The thick forest. B. The unfamiliar route.
C. The coming of nightfall. D. Low battery on the phone.
25. Kuo was able to offer help because of ______.
A. his photo reading ability B. his sense of responsibility
C. his professional experience D. his familiarity with the area
26. What can we learn from this story?
A. One good turn deserves another.
B. Chance favors the prepared mind.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D. There’s no such thing as useless knowledge.
C
Last year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a man’s brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces (接口), or BCIs, which allow computers to read information out of a living brain.
Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals.
Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the details—what patterns of activity within the map
mean—differ from person to person. In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption (加密), safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.
That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.
While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.
Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain.
27. What can we learn about brain maps?
A. They carry unique messages.
B. They can process encrypted signals.
C. Their functions vary from person to person.
D. Their locations reveal human thinking patterns.
28. What can we infer from the passage?
A. BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically.
B. BCIs could help recover from brain injuries.
C. Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind.
D. The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs.
29. What does the underlined word “surreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Secure. B. Stable.
C. Standard. D. Secret.
30. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The future trend of BCIs. B. The potential risks of BCIs.
C. The working principle of BCIs. D. The general applications of BCIs.
D
Journal-based peer review—the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the inspection of others who are experts in the same field—is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. Reviewing a paper can delay its publication by up to a year; is that a price worth paying to ensure the trustworthiness of the published literature? Well, yes and no.
I’m not yet ready to abandon journal-based peer review. I’d still like to see all papers pass some sort of checking stage before formal publication, but I feel the ground moving. The growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. Publication in journals has become more about fame and this has affected both the motivations of authors and the job of reviewers.
Competition for prized spots in journals drives scientists to do some of their best work. But the excessive (过多的) rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-cutting, as stories polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up. And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality.
These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system. However, as biologist Ron Vale argued recently—fittingly, in a preprint—preprints may be a way out because they don’t involve a major shift away from the norm. That may seem an odd claim given that preprints have been in existence for twenty years, yet have not been adopted universally. This slow uptake is not only a reflection of the built-in conservatism of scientists, but also a result of the widespread misunderstanding that journals won’t accept manuscripts which have been posted online as preprints. There is also a fear that publication of papers without peer review risks opening the floodgates to “junk science”—something which, so far at least, has yet to occur.
Preprints enable the informal scientific discussions once restricted to correspondence between individuals. They could also become an effective outlet for negative results—a vital aspect of the scientific process often ignored by the journals’ excessive preoccupation (关注) with new discoveries. Furthermore, preprints significantly increase the number of times papers are read and cited by others. By taking advantage of the web’s culture of openness and accessibility, preprints should help to refocus attention where it matters—on the work itself, not where it is published.
31. According to Paragraph 1, what is the popular opinion on peer review?
A. It limits the number of research works.
B. It ensures the quality of scientific papers.
C. It removes public doubts about publication.
D. It changes the process of scientific publishing.
32. The author may agree that scientific journals ______.
A. urge scientists to pursue integrity in their work
B. rely on reviewers to revise faulty research papers
C. choose articles for their appeal over scientific value
D. try to cut costs to maintain their position in the field
33. What’s the author’s opinion on the growing use of preprints?
A. It will contribute to junk science.
B It may end the practice of peer review.
C. It promotes the spread of research findings.
D. It improves the quality of scientific publication.
34. This is basically a passage to ______.
A. make comparison B. confirm a concept
C. encourage innovation D. propose a practice
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you’re behind the wheel, distractions (分心) cost lives. Nevertheless, drivers take selfies, and respond to text messages. ____35____
Smartphones are often at the root of these tragedies. As Big Tech sets its sights on modern vehicles, it’s appropriate to ask if it’s time to limit attention-stealing technology that distracts the driver.
Big Tech wants to take on the automotive industry. And it is good at grabbing both attention and information from users. At first, the goal of these technology companies was to give away services at no cost, simply to attract a customer base. ____36____ Their increasing thirst for valuable user information has led them to the automotive industry, where a whole new world of data awaits. Location data, frequent destinations, passenger preferences—such data is found in family cars. ____37____
Mobile tech is walled off from vehicle operating systems by software that keeps infotainment (information and
entertainment) features away from the mission-critical driving electronics. If auto makers give up their core operating system to tech powerhouses, they will essentially become hardware suppliers to Silicon Valley.
____38____ Their responsibility is to keep attention on the road, providing vehicle information and a small amount of entertainment options while getting passengers from place to place as safely as possible. Smartphone makers and digital-media providers don’t have this priority. They want eyes on their products, not on the road.
With electric vehicles transforming the auto industry and artificial intelligence more common than ever, we’re at a dangerous moment. ____39____ Because their hardware is wrapped around families, they have a duty to keep them safe. The only way they can do that is to maintain control of the driver’s seat.
The quality, safety and security will make or break trust in auto makers. Without it, cars will be simply one more intrusive and risky mobile device.
A. Car companies have priorities opposed to those of Big Tech.
B. Now they exist to sell information about their users to advertisers.
C. They enjoy the convenience and fun brought by modern technology.
D. Car makers are, and should be, the most trusted technology companies in the world.
E. Currently video-streaming services are starting to be built into car operating systems.
F. And operating systems and autonomous-driving software are all gateways for this information.
G. Statistics show that an average of eight people a day die in accidents caused by distracted driving.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 （共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
It’s after midnight and you’ve been studying all day. Empty energy drinks line the table and you sigh, “Tomorrow, I’ m getting ice cream. I deserve to treat myself.”
This year, the so-called “treat yourself culture” has expanded far beyond what was once a reward-based mindset. Now, “treating yourself” has become more about stress-caused indulgence (放纵). It represents the more deep-seated issues with the stress we regularly put ourselves under.
The root of the problem lies in our belief that we should be doing more work if it isn’t hard enough. Especially at a top university, I constantly find myself wanting to do more. I want more credits, a higher-grade point average, and more responsibilities I’ll later use as conversation topics in interviews. This drive is by no means a bad thing. We all are trying to eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life. However, there are a lot of problems with this logic. Without sounding completely hopeless and pessimistic, it is possible that the
future we imagine in our twenties will not become reality. Therefore, it is important to integrate things that make us happy with work, school or life induced stress.
Psychology certainly supports this belief. While having good self-control was positively associated with happiness, being able to enjoy life’s little pleasures without feeling ashamed of doing so is just as important. For example, even if you have a busy schedule of work, make time to stop by your favorite coffee shop or spend ten minutes to go on a walk outdoors.
I cannot urge you to give up your late nights of studying, energy drinks and all. I cannot tell you to always choose to do something that makes you happy over something you have or should do. Frankly, this is just not the way life works. We have to put up with the hard work and put in the time. Without pain, we’d also lose happiness and joy. It’s all about balance.
So, instead of looking at everything as a way to handle the stress and something to “treat myself”, let’s try to make treating ourselves a far more common practice in the busy lives we lead.
40 What causes the so-called “treat yourself culture”?
41. What does “this logic” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
• Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life’s little pleasures.
43. Are you a follower of “treat yourself culture”? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
第二节 （20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。目前，市动物园正在为一只幼虎全球征名。请给你的英国笔友Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍活动；
2. 邀请参加。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
北京市东城区2021—2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
英语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Every year, around 20,000 American teenagers age out of foster care (寄养) at 18, and have to start their lives by themselves.
Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child. Although the ___1___ didn’t work out, Ella often found herself thinking about that child. “I’m really close with my family, and just couldn’t imagine being ___2___ on my own at 18,” she says.
Later, Ella visited Children Services, with a list of questions, trying to ___3___ what aging out looked like. One question was “What’s not being ___4___ for these young people?”. Near the top of the list was furniture. “The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on pulled at my heartstrings,” says Ella.
Ella contacted her parents’ friends, asking if they had spare furniture to ___5___. And a local furniture store offered free space and delivery truck. Then she formed Chair-ity, a nonprofit providing furniture for young adults who have ___6___ foster care.
Watching those in need receive a bed, a table—whatever—was transformational. Ella remembers Hannah, a former foster care girl who couldn’t afford any furniture. When Hannah ___7___ to Chair-ity, Ella asked what she needed. “Everything,” she replied. When she found her once ___8___ apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.”
“To think what hadn’t been thought about in years could bring so much happiness to somebody was ___9___,” Ella says.
Today, Chair-ity has given furniture to nearly 200 young adults. As word has got out, Ella has received donations from more and more people. She’s convinced these contributions give those young people _____10_____ and confidence.
1. A. plan B. job C. way D. task
2. A. occasionally B. completely C. frequently D. slightly
3. A. explain B. understand C. expect D. recall
4. A. met B. built C. meant D. kept
5. A. arrange B. sell C. fix D. donate
6. A. left B. found C. improved D. thanked
7. A. looked up B. reached out C. held on D. gave in
8. A. quiet B. cold C. small D. empty
9. A. promising B. puzzling C. amazing D. pressing
10. A. purpose B. freedom C. hope D. guidance
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1 A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍Ella意识到今后将要依靠自己，独立生活后，建立了一个非营利组织，以此帮助那些脱离寄养的年轻人，为他们提供家具，给他们的生活带来希望和信心。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然计划没有成功，但Ella经常发现自己在想那个孩子。A. plan计划；B. job工作；C. way方式；D. task任务。根据“Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child.”可知，Ella的父母考虑收养一个孩子。故推知想要收养一个孩子是Ella父母的计划，故选A。
【2题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我和我的家人真的很亲近，无法想象在18岁时要完全靠自己。”A. occasionally偶尔地；B. completely完全地；C. frequently频繁地；D. slightly稍微地。根据“Ella first became aware of foster care when her parents were considering adopting a child.”及“I’m really close with my family”可知，Ella和家人很亲近，直到父母说收养一个孩子时，她才意识到要离开父母，一个人生活。故推知Ella此前完全没有想过在18岁时，要完全靠自己，故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，Ella访问了儿童服务中心，并列出了一系列问题，试图了解长大了是什么样子。A. explain解释；B. understand了解；C. expect期待；D. recall回想，回忆起。根据““I’m really close with my family, and just couldn’t imagine being ___2___ on my own at 18,” she says.”及“One question was “What’s not being ___4___ for these young people?”.”可知，Ella没有独自生活过，所以通过提问题，来了解长大后的样子，故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个问题是：年轻人没有遇见过什么事情？A. met遇见；B. built建造；C. meant意味着；D. kept继续。根据上文““I’m really close with my family, and just couldn’t imagine being ___2___ on my own at 18,” she says.”可知，Ella从未想象离开父母，自己独自生活。故推知Ella不知道独自生活后会遇到什么事，所以她想知道，年轻人没有遇见过什么事情？故选A。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ella联系了她父母的朋友，问他们是否有闲置的家具可以捐赠。A. arrange安排；B. sell卖；C. fix安装；D. donate捐赠。根据下文“As word has got out, Ella has received donations from more and more people.”可知，这些床等家具都是别人捐的，故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她成立了Chair-ity，这是一个非营利组织，为离开寄养的年轻人提供家具。A. left离开；B. found发现；C. improved改善；D. thanked感谢。根据“Later, Ella visited Children Services, with a list of questions, trying to ___3___ what aging out looked like.”可知，Ella想要了解离开寄养的年轻人是什么样子，并要帮助他们。故此处Ella想为离开寄养的年轻人提供家具，故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当汉娜找到Chair-ity时，Ella问她需要什么。她回答：“一切”。A. looked up找；B. reached out提供援助；C. held on抓紧；D. gave in屈服。根据“Ella remembers Hannah, a former foster care girl who couldn’t afford any furniture.”可知，汉娜买不起任何家具，希望得到帮助，所以找到能捐赠她家具的Chair-ity，故选A。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她发现她曾经空荡荡的公寓里有一套齐全的厨房设备，一张床和一张桌子时，她说：“这真的减轻了我的压力。”A. quiet安静的；B. cold冷的；C. small小的；D. empty空的。根据上文“When Hannah ___7___ to Chair-ity, Ella asked what she needed. “Everything,” she replied.”可知，汉娜需要所有的东西，故推知她的新房子是空的，什么都没有，故选D。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ella说：“想到多年来从未想过的事情可以给某人带来如此多的幸福，真是太令人惊喜了。”A. promising有希望的，有前途的；B. puzzling使人困惑的；C. amazing令人惊奇的，令人惊喜的；D. pressing紧迫的。根据上文“When she found her once ___8___ apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.””可知，Chair-ity将家具摆满空荡荡的汉娜家，减轻了汉娜的压力，为她的生活带来了希望和幸福。故推知为他人捐赠家具会带给人幸福和惊喜，故选C。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她相信这些捐献物给这些年轻人带来了希望和信心。A. purpose意图；B. freedom自由；C. hope希望；D. guidance指导。根据“When she found her once ___8___ apartment stood a full kitchen set, a bed, and a table, she said, “It really relieved my pressure.””可知，Chair-ity将家具摆满空荡荡的汉娜家，减轻了汉娜的压力，为她的生活带来了希望。故捐赠物给年轻人带来了生活的希望和信心。故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A few weeks ago, I accidentally dropped a plate and it broke into a billion pieces! I’d had it for about 40 years. This morning, we had a parcel ___11___ (deliver) to my son. He opened it and ___12___ (proud) handed a new plate to me, which he had bought with his own savings, saying that he knew ___13___ upset I was and wanted to surprise me!
【11~13题答案】
【答案】11. delivered
12 proudly
13. how
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的儿子为了让作者开心，用自己攒的钱给作者买了一个新盘子。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今天早上，我们收到了一个寄给儿子的包裹。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作定语；根据句意，所填词deliver与空格前名词parcel之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填delivered。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：他打开它，骄傲地递给我一个新的盘子，这是他用自己的积蓄买的，说他知道我有多烦恼，想给我一个惊喜! 分析句子结构，可知此处应该填副词，在句中作状语修饰动词handed（递交）。故填proudly。
【13题详解】
考查感叹句和连词。句意：他打开盘子，骄傲地递给我一个新的盘子，这是他用自己的积蓄买的，说他知道我有多生气，想给我一个惊喜! 分析句子结构，可知此处考查感叹句；由空格后结构upset可知，此处符合“how+ adj.+主谓!” 的结构。故填how。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On 15 May, 2021, China became the second country ___14___ (land) a spacecraft on Mars. The rover, Zhurong, ___15___ (carry) to Mars on board the Tianwen 1 spacecraft, which was launched in July 2020. Equipped with cameras and a radar, Zhurong’s task was to search for signs of life. It ___16___ (work) on Mars surface for over ten months and is in good shape.
【14~16题答案】
【答案】14. to land
15. was carried
16. has worked
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。2021年5月15日，中国成为第二个在火星上着陆航天器的国家。2020年7月，中国发射了“天文学家一号”探测器，将探测器“祝融”送上火星。祝荣的任务是寻找生命的迹象，他身上装有摄像机和雷达。它已经在火星表面工作了十个多月，状态良好。。
【14题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：中国是第二个发送载人飞船上火星的国家。“the+序数词+to do sth”译为“第几个做什么事情的”，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to land。
【15题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：祝融探测器被天问一号宇宙飞船带上火星。主句中没有谓语动词，所以carry考虑作谓语动词。主语The rover, Zhurong祝融探测器，宾语the Tianwen 1 spacecraft天问一号宇宙飞船，谓语动词carry，探测器是被宇宙飞船带上去的，主谓之间的关系是被带，所以用被动语态，又考虑到时过去时态，故填was carried。
【16题详解】
考查时态。句意：它已经在火星表面工作超过10个月，并且状态良好。本句话中没有谓语动词，所以work作谓语动词。句子中“for over ten months”（超过10个月）表示一段时间，考虑用完成时态；and表示并列， 后边的谓语动词is用的是一般现在时态，所以用现在完成时态，又考虑到主语是it，所以用第三人称单数形式，故填has worked。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
COP26, known as “Conferences of the Parties”, was the latest in a series of ___17___ (meeting) bringing together governments to protect the environment. Its main goal was to take measures ___18___ climate change—long—term changes in world weather patterns that are linked to human activities including farming, industry and transport. Gases such as carbon dioxide, ___19___ are produced by these activities, trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere and cause temperatures to rise, ___20___ (lead) to extreme floods, heatwaves and storms.
【17~20题答案】
【答案】17. meetings 18. on
19. which 20. leading
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了“缔约方大会”主要目标是采取措施应对气候变化——世界气候模式的长期变化与包括农业、工业和交通在内的人类活动有关。由这些活动产生的气体，如二氧化碳，将热量困住在地球大气中，导致温度上升，导致极端洪水、热浪和风暴。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：第二十六次缔约方大会是一系列政府为保护环境而召开的会议中最新的一次。a series of表示“一系列”，后面加名词复数，故填meetings。
【18题详解】
考查介词。句意：它的主要目标是采取措施应对气候变化——世界气候模式的长期变化与包括农业、工业和交通在内的人类活动有关。take measures on sth.，表示“对某事采取措施”，故填on。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：由这些活动产生的气体，如二氧化碳，将热量困住在地球大气中，导致温度上升，导致极端洪水、热浪和风暴。先行词是Gases，在定语从句中做主语，指代物，用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：被由这些活动产生的气体，如二氧化碳，将热量困住在地球大气中，导致温度上升，导致极端洪水、热浪和风暴。此处表示一种自然而然的结果，用现在分词做结果状语。故填leading。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing
places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race—it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.
Itinerary
17 May 2023 Welcome to Jizhou, Tianjin
18 May 2023 Route Inspection Day
19 May 2023 Relaxation in Jizhou with tour option
20 May 2023 Race Day
21 May 2023 Explore Beijing & Evening Celebration Party
22 May 2023 Farewell China
※On Route Inspection Day, the Race Officials will provide you with a Race Briefing, which will cover everything from a weather forecast to a brief presentation of the start/finish procedures. All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course. Race Officials and Medical Staff will be present to answer any questions you may have.
Rules & Regulations
Full marathon runners must be at least 18 years old on Race Day. Half-marathon runners must be at least 16 years old. Fun Run participants must be at least 12 years old. Fun Run participants under the age of 12 are also welcome, so long as they are accompanied by a runner aged 16 or above.
The cut-off time for all distance events is 8 hours. All runners with a net finishing time slower than 8 hours will receive a FNT (Finished No Time) on the result list.
If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time. The race result will read FNT. The same applies to a marathon runner who changes distances during the race. All runners who change distances before Race Day will be registered accordingly and receive an official time.
Visa Information
6 — 8 weeks prior to the race you will receive the service voucher which you can use for acquiring a visa.
For more details, please visit us online at www.greatwallmarathon.com.
21. What will participants do on Route Inspection Day?
A. Enjoy the Fun Run. B. Join in a 3.5 km walk.
C. Get medical insurance. D. Attend a training course.
22. According to the rules, full marathon participants ______.
A. will receive a FNT on the result list B. can change distances on Race Day.
C. should be at least 12 years old D. will be awarded medals
23. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To advertise a sport event. B. To promote a cultural tour.
C. To introduce a marathon camp. D. To publicize a place of interest.
【21~23题答案】
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了长城马拉松比赛，包括比赛的行程、规则和条例以及签证信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Itinerary中的内容“All runners are expected to walk the 3.5 km section of the wall that is part of the marathon, half-marathon and 8.5 km Fun Run course.（所有的参赛者都将在马拉松、半程马拉松和8.5公里的趣味跑中走完这段3.5公里长的城墙。）”可知，参加者在路线检查日会参加3.5公里的步行。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据小标题Rules & Regulations中第三段中第一句“If you decide to change distances during the race, i.e. if a half-marathon runner decides to follow the marathon route, he or she will receive a certificate but not an official time.（如果你决定在比赛中改变距离，也就是说，如果一个半程马拉松选手决定沿着马拉松路线跑，他或她将收到一个证书，但不是官方的时间。）”可知，按照规定，全程马拉松参赛者可以在比赛的过程中改变距离。故选B项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段内容“The Great Wall Marathon is designed to be more than just a race. We want you to be able to run in amazing places, surrounded by friendly people, and exposed to new cultural experiences. It’s not just about the race—it’s about enjoying time together with family, friends, and other running minded spirits.（长城马拉松的设计不仅仅是一场比赛。我们希望您能够在令人惊叹的地方跑步，周围都是友好的人，并接触到新的文化体验。这不仅仅是关于比赛，而是关于与家人、朋友和其他有跑步精神的人一起享受时光。）”可知，这篇文章的目的是宣传本次的马拉松比赛，吸引人报名参与。因此A
项“为体育赛事做广告”符合。故选A项。
B
Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He’d hiked the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.
As the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery remaining on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip he’d planned.
Compean climbed to a spot where he found one bar of signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I’m lost,” he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. Dressed only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night on high alert.
Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo was working at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a man’s legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone might recognize the location.
“I’ve always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He’s often successful. When he saw the image, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop. “There’s an amazing amount of information you can get from satellites,” he says. The first thing he noticed in Compean’s photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He’s got to be on the south side because there’re not any green valleys on the north side.”
That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was cross- referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!
After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found.
Compean’s story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.
24. What caused Compean to get lost on the hike?
A. The thick forest. B. The unfamiliar route.
C. The coming of nightfall. D. Low battery on the phone.
25. Kuo was able to offer help because of ______.
A. his photo reading ability B. his sense of responsibility
C. his professional experience D. his familiarity with the area
26. What can we learn from this story?
A. One good turn deserves another.
B. Chance favors the prepared mind.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D. There’s no such thing as useless knowledge.
【24~26题答案】
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是Rene Compean在洛杉矶国家森林公园迷路了，Ben Kuo通过对比照片和卫星地图找到了Rene Compean。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.”（但当他沿着一条新路径徒步时，45岁的他迷路了。），可知，不熟悉的路线使Compean在徒步旅行中迷路，故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段““I’ve always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He’s often successful. When he saw the image, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop.”（“我一直喜欢寻找拍照的地方，”郭说。他经常试图找出电影场景或广告是在哪里拍摄的。他经常成功。当他看到这张照片时，他自动在笔记本电脑上调出了一张卫星地图。），可知，Kuo 能够提供帮助是因为他的照片辨认能力，故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Compean’s story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.”（如果不是因为他有很强的卫星技术和对细节的敏锐眼光，Compean的故事可能会以不同的方式结束。）可知，通过Kuo对卫星技术的知识救了迷路的Compean，可推断出“没有无用的知识”。故选D。
C
Last year scientists reported using a neural implant (神经植入物) in a man’s brain to restore his ability to communicate. The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke. It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces (接口) or BCIs, which allow computers to read information out of a living brain.
Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first is that your brain contains hundreds of
tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions. And crucially, the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals.
Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations, brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies. Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI. Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals, the details—what patterns of activity within the map mean—differ from person to person. In a sense, the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption (加密), safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.
That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.
While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs, the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes. In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain, it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read. But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge. This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.
Like all technologies, brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad. Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs, we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain.
27. What can we learn about brain maps?
A. They carry unique messages.
B. They can process encrypted signals.
C. Their functions vary from person to person.
D. Their locations reveal human thinking patterns.
28. What can we infer from the passage?
A. BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically.
B. BCIs could help recover from brain injuries.
C. Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind.
D. The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs.
29. What does the underlined word “surreptitious” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Secure. B. Stable.
C. Standard. D. Secret.
30. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The future trend of BCIs. B. The potential risks of BCIs.
C. The working principle of BCIs. D. The general applications of BCIs.
【27~30题答案】
【答案】27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了BCIs（脑机接口）技术及这种技术的工作原理。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps. Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions.”（首先，你的大脑包含数百张小地图。每一个都代表了你身体感受和预期行为的特定特征。）可知，每一个脑图都代表了你身体感受和预期行为的特定特征，由此可知，关于脑图，我们能知道它们承载着独特的信息。故选A项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers. They train these programs to decode (解码) brain signals by feeding them tons of examples. Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times, creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.”（多亏了机器学习的进步，科学家们开发了一些程序，可以学习在浩瀚的数字海洋中识别关键模式。他们通过给这些程序输入大量的例子来训练它们对大脑信号进行解码。开发BCI的研究人员通常通过指导一个人在特定时间思考特定的想法来创建这样的例子，为该程序创建一个可供学习的神经课程。）可知，由于机器学习的进步，科学家们开发了一些程序对大脑信号进行解码，进而使BCI能够读懂大脑，由此可知，我们能从这篇文章中推断出机器学习使BCI能够读懂大脑。故选C项。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句中“train decoders on your brain without your knowledge”（在你不知情的情况下在你的大脑中训练解码器）可知，在你的大脑中训练解码器的行为是在你不知情的情况下发生的，由此可知，这应该是一些秘密的方式，“Secret”意为“秘密的”，能够代替画线单词在句中所要表达的含义。故选D项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段关键句“Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts. The first
is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps.”（脑机接口之所以成为可能，有两个原因。首先，你的大脑包含数百张小地图。）和第四段关键句“That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible. Thanks to advances in machine learning, scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers.”（这就引出了第二个让脑机接口成为可能的事实。多亏了机器学习的进步，科学家们开发了一些程序，可以学习在浩瀚的数字海洋中识别关键模式。）可知，文章主要介绍了脑机接口技术及这种技术的工作原理，“The working principle of BCIs.”意为“脑机接口的工作原理”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选C项。
D
Journal-based peer review—the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the inspection of others who are experts in the same field—is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. Reviewing a paper can delay its publication by up to a year; is that a price worth paying to ensure the trustworthiness of the published literature? Well, yes and no.
I’m not yet ready to abandon journal-based peer review. I’d still like to see all papers pass some sort of checking stage before formal publication, but I feel the ground moving. The growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. Publication in journals has become more about fame and this has affected both the motivations of authors and the job of reviewers.
Competition for prized spots in journals drives scientists to do some of their best work. But the excessive (过多的) rewards for publishing in top journals are encouragements to corner-cutting, as stories polished by leaving out inconvenient data are more likely to be taken up. And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality.
These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system. However, as biologist Ron Vale argued recently—fittingly, in a preprint—preprints may be a way out because they don’t involve a major shift away from the norm. That may seem an odd claim given that preprints have been in existence for twenty years, yet have not been adopted universally. This slow uptake is not only a reflection of the built-in conservatism of scientists, but also a result of the widespread misunderstanding that journals won’t accept manuscripts which have been posted online as preprints. There is also a fear that publication of papers without peer review risks opening the floodgates to “junk science”—something which, so far at least, has yet to occur.
Preprints enable the informal scientific discussions once restricted to correspondence between individuals. They could also become an effective outlet for negative results—a vital aspect of the scientific process often ignored by the journals’ excessive preoccupation (关注) with new discoveries. Furthermore, preprints significantly increase the number of times papers are read and cited by others. By taking advantage of the web’s culture of openness and accessibility, preprints should help to refocus attention where it matters—on the work itself, not where it is published.
31. According to Paragraph 1, what is the popular opinion on peer review?
A. It limits the number of research works.
B. It ensures the quality of scientific papers.
C. It removes public doubts about publication.
D. It changes the process of scientific publishing.
32. The author may agree that scientific journals ______.
A. urge scientists to pursue integrity in their work
B. rely on reviewers to revise faulty research papers
C. choose articles for their appeal over scientific value
D. try to cut costs to maintain their position in the field
33. What’s the author’s opinion on the growing use of preprints?
A. It will contribute to junk science.
B. It may end the practice of peer review.
C. It promotes the spread of research findings.
D. It improves the quality of scientific publication.
34. This is basically a passage to ______.
A. make comparison B. confirm a concept
C. encourage innovation D. propose a practice
【31~34题答案】
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍同行评审及预印本，介绍它们的优点及缺点，并鼓励我们对其进行革新。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Journal-based peer review—the process of subjecting a scientific research paper to the
inspection of others who are experts in the same field—is generally held up as the quality assurance mechanism for research. It claims to be an essential measure which prevents publishing faulty papers. (基于期刊的同行评审——将科学研究论文置于同一领域专家的检查的过程——通常被认为是研究的质量保证机制。它声称是防止发表错误论文的重要措施。)”可知，对于同行评审的普遍观点是：同行评审可以保证科研论文的质量，故选B。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“And the job of the reviewer also becomes distorted: it is more often now to decide not whether a paper is any good, but whether it is good enough for the journal considering publication. For top journals, that can depend as much on newsworthiness as scientific quality. (审稿人的工作也变得扭曲：现在更常见的是，不是决定一篇论文是否好，而是考虑到期刊的发表，决定它是否足够好。对于顶级期刊来说，这可能既取决于科学质量，也取决于新闻价值。)”可知，作者认为科学期刊发表文章更注重新闻价值。故推知比起科学期刊的科学价值，科学期刊选择文章更注重其新闻价值和吸引力，故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The growing use of preprints, drafts of papers which are posted online without having been peer reviewed, is a crucial part of that shift because they bring academics back to what research publication is all about: the rapid circulation of new results so they can be read, analyzed and built upon. (越来越多的使用预印本，即未经同行评审而在线发布的论文草稿，是这一转变的关键部分，因为它们将科研人员带回到了研究出版物的全部内容当中。新成果的快速流通，以便于阅读、分析和构建。)”可知，作者认为预印本促进了新研究成果的快速流通，促进了研究成果的传播，故选C。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“These problems are well known, but the tragedy for science is that few people are willing to break away from the present system. (这些问题是众所周知的，但科学的悲剧在于，很少有人愿意脱离当前的制度。)”及最后一段“By taking advantage of the web’s culture of openness and accessibility, preprints should help to refocus attention where it matters—on the work itself, not where it is published. (通过利用网络的开放性和可访问性文化，预印本应该有助于将注意力重新集中在重要的地方——作品本身，而不是出版的地方。)”可知，文章主要介绍同行评审及预印本，介绍它们的优点及缺点，目的是鼓励我们进行革新，故选C。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When you’re behind the wheel, distractions (分心) cost lives. Nevertheless, drivers take selfies, and respond to
text messages. ____35____
Smartphones are often at the root of these tragedies. As Big Tech sets its sights on modern vehicles, it’s appropriate to ask if it’s time to limit attention-stealing technology that distracts the driver.
Big Tech wants to take on the automotive industry. And it is good at grabbing both attention and information from users. At first, the goal of these technology companies was to give away services at no cost, simply to attract a customer base. ____36____ Their increasing thirst for valuable user information has led them to the automotive industry, where a whole new world of data awaits. Location data, frequent destinations, passenger preferences—such data is found in family cars. ____37____
Mobile tech is walled off from vehicle operating systems by software that keeps infotainment (information and entertainment) features away from the mission-critical driving electronics. If auto makers give up their core operating system to tech powerhouses, they will essentially become hardware suppliers to Silicon Valley.
____38____ Their responsibility is to keep attention on the road, providing vehicle information and a small amount of entertainment options while getting passengers from place to place as safely as possible. Smartphone makers and digital-media providers don’t have this priority. They want eyes on their products, not on the road.
With electric vehicles transforming the auto industry, and artificial intelligence more common than ever, we’re at a dangerous moment. ____39____ Because their hardware is wrapped around families, they have a duty to keep them safe. The only way they can do that is to maintain control of the driver’s seat.
The quality, safety and security will make or break trust in auto makers. Without it, cars will be simply one more intrusive and risky mobile device.
A. Car companies have priorities opposed to those of Big Tech.
B. Now they exist to sell information about their users to advertisers.
C. They enjoy the convenience and fun brought by modern technology.
D. Car makers are, and should be, the most trusted technology companies in the world.
E. Currently video-streaming services are starting to be built into car operating systems.
F. And operating systems and autonomous-driving software are all gateways for this information.
G. Statistics show that an average of eight people a day die in accidents caused by distracted driving.
【35~39题答案】
【答案】35. G 36. B 37. F 38. A 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章主要论述了随着大型科技公司将目光投向现代汽车，是到了应该限制那些分散司机注意力的技术了，而汽车制造商此时也应当承担起他们应有的责任——保证家庭的安全。
【35题详解】
上文“When you’re behind the wheel, distractions (分心) cost lives. Nevertheless, drivers take selfies, and respond to text messages.”说明了开车分心以失去生命为代价，但是还是有很多司机做一些分心的事情；下文“Smartphones are often at the root of these tragedies. ”说明了手机通常是这些悲剧的根源；G选项“统计数据显示，平均每天有8人死于分心驾驶引起的交通事故”符合下文指代的these tragedies，且承接上文说明了司机自拍和回复信息所导致的后果，符合题意。故选G项。
【36题详解】
上文“At first, the goal of these technology companies was to give away services at no cost, simply to attract a customer base.”说明了大型科技公司最开始的目的是吸引客户群；后文“Their increasing thirst for valuable user information has led them to the automotive industry, where a whole new world of data awaits.”说明了这些科技公司越来越渴望有价值的用户信息；B选项“现在他们的存在是为了将用户的信息卖给广告商”中的now与前文的at first相对应，进行了前后的一个对比，且information about their users 也与后文的user information相对应，符合题意。故选B项。
【37题详解】
上文“Their increasing thirst for valuable user information has led them to the automotive industry, where a whole new world of data awaits.Location data, frequent destinations, passenger preferences—such data is found in family cars.”说明了大型科技公司渴望一个全新的关于位置数据、频繁目的地、乘客偏好的数据世界；F选项“操作系统和自动驾驶软件都是这些信息的网关”承接上文说明了大型科技公司获取这些数据的渠道。故选F项。
【38题详解】
后文“Their responsibility is to keep attention on the road, providing vehicle information and a small amount of entertainment options while getting passengers from place to place as safely as possible. Smartphone makers and digital-media providers don’t have this priority. They want eyes on their products, not on the road.”说明了他们的责任是保证乘客安全；而智能手机制造商和数字媒体提供商优先考虑的是其产品；A选项“与大型科技公司相比，汽车公司有优先考虑的事情”中的Car companies与后文的their相对应，且priorities opposed to those of Big Tech也与后文的Smartphone makers and digital-media providers don’t have this priority相对应，符合题意。故选A项。
【39题详解】
后文“Because their hardware is wrapped around families, they have a duty to keep them safe. The only way they can do that is to maintain control of the driver’s seat.”说明了他们有责任保证家庭安全；D选项“汽车制造商现在是，也应该是世界上最值得信赖的科技公司”中的Car makers与后文的heir以及they
相对应，且与后文构成了因果关系，符合题意。故选D项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节 （共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
It’s after midnight and you’ve been studying all day. Empty energy drinks line the table and you sigh, “Tomorrow, I’ m getting ice cream. I deserve to treat myself.”
This year, the so-called “treat yourself culture” has expanded far beyond what was once a reward-based mindset. Now, “treating yourself” has become more about stress-caused indulgence (放纵). It represents the more deep-seated issues with the stress we regularly put ourselves under.
The root of the problem lies in our belief that we should be doing more work if it isn’t hard enough. Especially at a top university, I constantly find myself wanting to do more. I want more credits, a higher-grade point average, and more responsibilities I’ll later use as conversation topics in interviews. This drive is by no means a bad thing. We all are trying to eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life. However, there are a lot of problems with this logic. Without sounding completely hopeless and pessimistic, it is possible that the future we imagine in our twenties will not become reality. Therefore, it is important to integrate things that make us happy with work, school or life induced stress.
Psychology certainly supports this belief. While having good self-control was positively associated with happiness, being able to enjoy life’s little pleasures without feeling ashamed of doing so is just as important. For example, even if you have a busy schedule of work, make time to stop by your favorite coffee shop or spend ten minutes to go on a walk outdoors.
I cannot urge you to give up your late nights of studying, energy drinks and all. I cannot tell you to always choose to do something that makes you happy over something you have or should do. Frankly, this is just not the way life works. We have to put up with the hard work and put in the time. Without pain, we’d also lose happiness and joy. It’s all about balance.
So, instead of looking at everything as a way to handle the stress and something to “treat myself”, let’s try to make treating ourselves a far more common practice in the busy lives we lead.
40 What causes the so-called “treat yourself culture”?
41. What does “this logic” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
42. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
• Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life’s little pleasures.
43. Are you a follower of “treat yourself culture”? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)
【40~43题答案】
【答案】40. Stress.
41. It refers to the idea that if we work hard we will eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life.
42. ·Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life's little pleasures.
According to the passage, working hard is as important as enjoying life's little pleasures to a happy life. They're equally important.
43. 言之有理即可。Yes, I am. Because I think it can help me relax after working for a long time. But after reading this article, I must make a change, I will make treating myself a far more common practice in my life.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“善待自己文化”，呼吁人们在忙碌的生活中更常见地对待自己。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Now, “treating yourself” has become more about stress-caused indulgence. It represents the more deep-seated issues with the stress we regularly put ourselves under.（现在，“善待自己”更多地是关于压力引起的放纵。它代表了我们经常让自己承受的压力的更深层次的问题）”可知，是压力导致了所谓的“善待自己文化”。故答案为Stress.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“We all are trying to eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life. However, there are a lot of problems with this logic.（我们都试图最终到达一个我们可以放松的地方，过上更愉快的生活。然而，这种逻辑存在很多问题）”可知，这种逻辑指的是上文提到的我们都试图最终到达一个我们可以放松的地方，过上更愉快的生活。故答案为It refers to the idea that if we work hard we will eventually land in a place where we can relax and live a more enjoyable life.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“While having good self-control was positively associated with happiness, being able to enjoy life’s little pleasures without feeling ashamed of doing so is just as important.(虽然良好的自制力与幸福呈正相关，但能够享受生活中的小快乐而不为此感到羞愧也同样重要)”可知，在幸福生活中，努力工作和享受生活中的小快乐一样重要，而不是谁比谁更重要。因此Working hard plays a more important role in a happy life than enjoying life’s little pleasures.中比较级的说法是错误的。故答案为According to the passage, working hard is as important as enjoying life’s little pleasures to a happy life. They’re equally important.
【43题详解】
本题考查你是否为“善待自己”文化的追随者以及原因。言之有理即可。参考答案为Yes, I am. Because I think it can help me relax after working for a long time. But after reading this article, I must make a change, I will make treating myself a far more common practice in my life.
第二节 （20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。目前，市动物园正在为一只幼虎全球征名。请给你的英国笔友Jim写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍活动；
2. 邀请参加。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【44题答案】
【答案】Dear Jim,
How are you doing recently? I’m writing to tell you some information. At present, the city zoo is seeking a name for a young tiger globally.
The young tiger was born in the city zoo last month. The city zoo hopes to seek a name for it, which can not only meet the characteristics of tigers, but also represent Chinese culture. People from all over the world can participate in this activity.
Since I know you are interested in animals, I sincerely invite you to join it. I wonder if you have any special thoughts about this activity. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim
写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加市动物园为幼虎全球征名的活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近怎么样？How are you doing recently?→How is it going recently?
现在：at present→now
代表： represent →stand for
参加：participate in→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：At present, the city zoo is seeking a name for a young tiger globally.
拓展句：At present, the city zoo is holding an activity whose aim is to seek a name for a young tiger globally.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Since I know you are interested in animals, I sincerely invite you to join it.（运用了Since引导的原因状语从句）
【高分句型2】I wonder if you have any special thoughts about this activity.（运用了if引导的宾语从句）
相关试卷
北京市东城区2023届高三英语一模试卷（Word版附解析）： 这是一份北京市东城区2023届高三英语一模试卷（Word版附解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届北京市东城区北京二中高三二模英语试题含解析： 这是一份2023届北京市东城区北京二中高三二模英语试题含解析，共41页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京市东城区2023届高三二模英语试题 Word版含解析： 这是一份北京市东城区2023届高三二模英语试题 Word版含解析，共23页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A， n 20等内容，欢迎下载使用。
