【中考二轮】2024年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】（上海通用）热点10+三大主题意境之人与自然（阅读理解之首字母填空）-专练.zip

这是一份【中考二轮】2024年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】（上海通用）热点10+三大主题意境之人与自然（阅读理解之首字母填空）-专练.zip，文件包含热点10三大主题意境之人与自然阅读理解之首字母填空解析版docx、热点10三大主题意境之人与自然阅读理解之首字母填空原题版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页， 欢迎下载使用。

1) 首字母填空题答题时要求既要使所填的词在语法和语义上正确，又要使其符合短文内容与情景的需要，所给出的词首字母同时起着提示和限定的作用。它不仅考查学生在词汇、语法等方面的基础知识，还考察理解、推导、分析等综合能力。
2) 从近几年的考题来看，短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，几乎涉及到了十大词类；文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再答题，有一定的难度。文章短小、精致，字数通常在100～150之间。短文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等。短文题材丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关，可读性、趣味性强，符合初中生的认知特点。
英语阅读主题意境中涉及到人与自然的主要话题包括：
自然环境与人类生活：作品可能探讨人类与自然环境之间的关系，如人类如何依赖自然、影响自然以及适应自然环境。
生态平衡与可持续发展：作品可能探讨人类对自然环境破坏与保护，倡导生态平衡和可持续发展的重要性。
自然景观与情感体验：作品可能描述自然景观对人类情感的影响，如大自然所带来的宁静、美丽、震撼等情感体验。
自然与文化：作品可能反映人类文化与自然环境的交融，探讨自然对于文化塑造和启发的作用。
【应试技巧】
01 通读全文，了解大意
通读全文的目的是能够做到整体把握文章，迅速的了解文章大意，并且对文章的整体结构和中心思想有一个基本的了解。通读全文时，不宜看一空填一空，以免造成所填答案不符合全文的要求。
02 把握段首句
中考的首字母往往以议论文为主，而段落的开首句，往往揭示了整段的段意。因此在考试中，把握好段首句，可以窥探到整段的全貌，以首句的时态，意义为立足点，可以方便我们判断整段的大意及主题。
03 抓住关键词
文章的展开是按照一定的逻辑关系的，因此在文章中，作者也会使用一些关键的表现逻辑关系联词，例如：but、s、in additin等。这些关键词，可以帮助我们联系上下文展开合理的逻辑分析，了解所提问的特定语境和语篇的内在关系。
04 熟悉考纲词组的固定搭配
考纲搭配在中考的考查中占据了重要的位置，而在首字母中，也出现过直接考查固定搭配的情况，因此，在平时的学习过程中，需要巩固好考纲词组。
05 联系上下文解题
在解题过程中，应当遵循“先易后难”的原则，当遇到解不出的题时，应当跳过。首字母填空着重考查学生对上下文的理解，因此，很多情况下，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，前面填不出的词，在下文中会有提示。因此，学生在作答时，应当加强联系前后文，充分利用上下文中的有效信息，确定答案。
06 重读文章，检验答案
当全部答完后，一定要把文章重新读一遍。查看文章是否通顺，语法是否有误。如果发现有不顺畅的地方，则需要再进行推敲。个别单词的形式要着重注意。例如：动词的时态，名词的单复数以及形容词副词的级。
一、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
Nwadays, the envirnmental prtectin is becming ne f the mst imprtant issues in the wrld. Being ne f the m 1 f ur sciety, what shall we d t prtect the envirnment?
First, stp using p 2 bags, bxes and bttles. Stres shuld be required t use the bags, bxes and bttles which are made frm paper.
Secndly, mre and mre trees and flwers shuld be p 3 t keep ur surrunding clean. Peple must be required t plant plants arund their huses and wrk places.
F 4 we must cntrl the pllutin by law, accrding t which, plluted water and air exhausted frm factries shuld be frbidden.
These are sme f the measures that we can take t prtect ur envirnment and they are nt hard tasks fr us. Remember, the earth is the 5 planet we culd live at present.
Since the first day, BNBM has paid mre attentin t prtect the envirnment as its scial respnsibility, by develping green building materials, prducing green p 6 and creating green enterprises. Accrding t the spirit f “F 7 the nature, fr the nature and return t the nature”, BNBM has tried its best in develping new technlgy and imprving equipment t reduce the pllutin.
【答案】1．(m)embers 2．(p)lastic 3．(p)lanted 4．(F)inally 5．()nly 6．(p)rducts 7．(F)r
【导语】本文是说明文，文章介绍了一些保护环境的措施。
1．句意：作为社会的一员，我们应该做些什么来保护环境？根据后文“what shall we d...”可知，此处表示我们作为社会的成员，应用名词member。ne f+名词复数，此处名词应用复数形式，故填(m)embers。
2．句意：停止使用塑料袋，塑料盒子和塑料瓶。根据后文“the bags, bxes and bttles which are made frm paper”可知，后文提到商店应用由纸制成的袋子、盒子和瓶子，所以前文是倡导人们停止使用对环境有害的塑料袋，表示“塑料的”应用形容词plastic，故填(p)lastic。
3．句意：其次，应该种植更多的树木和鲜花来保持我们周围的清洁。根据后文“Peple must be required t plant plants arund their huses and wrk places.”可知，此处提倡人们种树和花，应用动词plant。本句主语是“mre and mre trees and flwers”，主谓之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，空处动词用过去分词形式，故填(p)lanted。
4．句意：最后，我们必须通过法律控制污染。根据前文“ First,”和“Secndly, ”，以及后文“These are sme f the measures that we can take t prtect ur envirnment and they are nt hard tasks fr us.”可知，本段是最后一条建议，应用副词finally，故填(F)inally。
5．句意：记住，地球是我们目前唯一可以居住的星球。根据前文“the earth”可知，此处表示地球是人类居住唯一的星球，nly表示“唯一的”，符合语境，故填()nly。
6．句意：从第一天开始，BNBM就更加重视保护环境，将其作为自己的社会责任，开发绿色建材，生产绿色产品，创建绿色企业。根据动词“prducing”可知，此处表示生产产品，应用名词prduct。空前无冠词修饰，prduct是可数名词，此处应用复数形式，故填(p)rducts。
7．句意：本着“为了自然，为了自然，回归自然”的精神。根据后文“fr the nature”可知，此处表示并列，应用介词fr，故填(F)r。
二、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
We knw animals have emtins. They can feel fear. We als think they feel lve, since they have strng relatinships with each ther. S are animal emtins s 8 t ur wn? And d animals have a sense f humr?
A Parrt’s Jke
Sally’s parrt Bng didn’t get alng with her a 9 parrt, Pac. In fact, Bng clearly didn’t like Pac at all! One day, Sally cked a chicken fr dinner. She started t cut the chicken with a knife.
“Oh, n! Pac!” Bng said ludly and laughed. Sally laughed, t, and said, “That chicken is nt Pac.” “Oh…n,” said Bng. This time, she sunded d 10 . Then the parrt laughed at her wn jke.
Yga Dg
Jean enjys yga and s des her dg Buffy. W 11 Jean des yga, Buffy carefully places her tys n Jean’s bdy. If a ty falls, Buffy runs t put it b 12 . Des this behavir have any real purpse? “She thinks it’s funny!” says Jean.
Animal Laughter
Can dgs “laugh”? Recent research shws that dgs can tell each ther when they want t play. They make a special sund a kind f “laugh.”Psychlgist (心理学家) Patricia recrded the sund. Then she played it t dgs and s 13 their behavir. “All the dgs seemed t like the laugh,” says Patricia. S d animals have a sense f humr? If laughter is a clue, then p 14 the answer is “yes!”.
【答案】8．(s)imilar 9．(a)nther 10．(d)isappinted 11．(W)hile/(W)hen 12．(b)ack 13．(s)tudied 14．(p)erhaps
【导语】本文介绍了动物是否有幽默感的研究。
8．句意：那么动物的情感和我们的相似吗？根据“And d animals have a sense f humr?”和首字母可知，作者反问动物的情感是否和人类相似。similar“相似的”符合语境，故填(s)imilar。
9．句意：莎莉的鹦鹉邦戈和她的另一只鹦鹉帕科相处得不好。根据“Sally’s parrt Bng didn’t get alng with her , Pac.”可知，帕科是莎莉的另一只鹦鹉，应用anther。故填(a)nther。
10．句意：这一次，她听起来很失望。根据上文“In fact, Bng clearly didn’t like Pac at all!”可知，邦戈显然一点也不喜欢帕科，所以当莎莉说这个要吃的鸡不是帕科时，她很失望，应用形容词disappinted。故填(d)isappinted。
11．句意：吉恩做瑜伽时，巴菲小心翼翼地把玩具放在吉恩的身上。根据“Jean des yga, Buffy carefully places her tys n Jean’s bdy.”可知，这里是主从复合句，结合首字母可知，可以用while或when引导时间状语从句。故填(W)hile/(W)hen。
12．句意：如果一个玩具掉了，巴菲跑去把它放回去。根据“If a ty falls, Buffy runs t put it b...”可知，狗会把吉恩身上的玩具再放回去。此处应用副词back。故填(b)ack。
13．句意：然后她把这首歌放给狗听，研究它们的行为。根据上文“Recent research shws that dgs can tell each ther when they want t play.”和首字母可知，这里是研究狗的行为。study“研究”，动词，根据played可知，动词用过去式。故填(s)tudied。
14．句意：如果笑声是一个线索，那么也许答案是“是的！”根据“S d animals have a sense f humr? If laughter is a clue, then answer is ‘yes!’.”可知，这里是表示一种可能性，perhaps“可能”符合语境，故填(p)erhaps。
三、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
Plants “Talk”
Scientists have knwn fr years that plants respnd t sunds arund them. But nw scientists in Israel have shwn that plants als seem t be ding sme “talking”.
Prfessr Hadany and her team at Aviv University set up micrphnes t r 15 tmat plants under different situatins. The result shwed that the plants made ultrasnic sunds (超声波) . When the researchers changed the sunds int nes that humans culd hear, they heard sharp clicking nises (咔哒声) .
As the scientists studied the sunds, they ntice the regularity. Plants h 16 clicked when they had enugh water. But as their sil (土壤) gt drier, they began t click.
When scientists cut ff a stem frm the plants, the plants als clicked mre. But the clicking wasn’t the same as when the plants needed water. The result suggests that researchers may ne day be able t use a plant’s sunds t find ut when it is having truble, and what truble it is having. That culd be very helpful t f 17 .
The ther research has shwn that plants als make sunds t cmmunicate in sme ways. When insects a 18 a plant, it will give a warning t its neighburs. Sn, nearby plants start t make chemicals that dn’t taste gd t insects. It’s an effective way fr plants t p 19 themselves.
Then here is a questin: Is anything listening t the plants? Dr. Hadany pints ut that mice wh live n plants can hear the sunds. The clicks may tell them whether a plant has prblems. If the plant isn’t h 20 , they will avid it.
As Dr. Hadany says, “Even in a quiet field, there are actually sunds that we dn’t hear, and thse sunds carry i 21 . The team’s research has already changed ur ideas abut plants.”
【答案】15．(r)ecrd 16．(h)ardly 17．(f)armers 18．(a)ttack 19．(p)rtect 20．(h)ealthy 21．(i)nfrmatin
【导语】本文主要介绍了植物能够发出声音，并且这些声音能够告诉人们植物遇到了什么问题。
15．句意：特拉维夫大学的Hadany教授和她的团队设置了麦克风来记录不同情况下的番茄植株。根据“tmat plants under different situatins”可知是记录不同情况下的番茄植株，recrd“记录”，动词不定式符号t后加动词原形。故填(r)ecrd。
16．句意：当植物有足够的水时，它们几乎不会发出咔哒声。根据“But as their sil (土壤) gt drier, they began t click.”可知当土壤干燥时，它们开始发出咔哒声，但是当有足够的水时，几乎不会发出咔哒声，hardly“几乎不”。故填(h)ardly。
17．句意：这对农民很有帮助。根据“researchers may ne day be able t use a plant’s sunds t find ut when it is having truble, and what truble it is having. That culd be very helpful t”可知对植物的研究结果对农民有帮助，farmer“农民”，此处用名词复数。故填(f)armers。
18．句意：当昆虫攻击植物时，它会向邻居发出警告。根据“it will give a warning t its neighburs”可知是受到攻击时，会发出警告，attack“攻击”，when引导的从句用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，谓语动词用原形。故填(a)ttack。
19．句意：这是植物保护自己的有效方法。根据“It’s an effective way fr plants ”可知附近的植物开始散发对昆虫来说味道不好的化学物质，这是植物在保护自己，prtect“保护”，动词不定式符号t后加动词原形。故填(p)rtect。
20．句意：如果这种植物不健康，它们就会避开它。根据“they will avid it.”可知当植物不健康时，老鼠就会避开它，healthy“健康的”。故填(h)ealthy。
21．句意：即使在安静的田野里，实际上也有我们听不到的声音，这些声音传递着信息。根据“there are actually sunds that we dn’t hear, and thse sunds carry”可知这些声音传递着信息，infrmatin“信息”，不可数名词。故填(i)nfrmatin。
四、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
(N: Natinal Gegraphic Kids Magazine J: Jane Gdall)
N: Hi Jane, when did yu first knw yu wanted t wrk with animals?
J: I was ten when I decided I wanted t g t Africa and live with wild animals and write bks abut them. That’s abut 70 years ag nw, and at that time then girls in England didn’t have thse pprtunities (机会). S everybdy laughed at me and said, “Jane, d 22 abut smething yu can achieve.” But my mther said, “If yu really want smething, yu’re ging t have t wrk hard and never give up!”
N: Great a 23 ! What’ s been unusual abut the wrk yu’ve dne?
J: I studied animals in a different way. While I was in Tanzania in the 1960s, ther scientists tld me I’d dne my whle study f chimpanzees w 24 . They explained that I shuldn’t have given the chimpanzees names and that they shuld have been numbered. I was tld I culdn’t talk abut their persnalities, minds r emtins because they thught nly humans had thse things. But luckily, I’d learned frm my dg as a child that what they said was nt t 25 at all.
N: It sunds like having a childhd pet really helped yu in yur studies! What are yu mst p 26 f?
J: Helping peple t understand that humans are part f the animal kingdm, nt separate frm it. When I started ut, nbdy else was studying chimpanzees in the wild, s I was able t shw hw their behaviur is like 27 -kissing, hugging, hlding hands, patting ne anther, etc.
N: What t 28 wuld yu give t NG Kids readers wh want t have a wild career like yurs?
J: Yu’ve gt t really, really want it! Yu culd g t university and g straight int research, but there are als lts f chances fr vlunteering r fr wrking at zs. Keep yur ears pen fr pprtunities.
N: Thanks fr the chat, Jane!
【答案】22．(d)ream 23．(a)dvice 24．(w)rng 25．(t)rue 26．(p)rud 27．()urs 28．(t)ips
【导语】本文是国家地理儿童杂志编辑采访珍·古道尔的聊天记录。
22．句意：简，梦想一些你能实现的事情。分析句子结构可知，句子为祈使句，此处缺少动词原形；根据上文“I was ten when I decided I wanted t g t Africa and live with wild animals and write bks abut them. That’s abut 70 years ag nw, and at that time then girls in England didn’t have thse pprtunities”和首字母“d”可知，古道尔十岁的时候，就梦想去非洲和野生动物住在一起，并写关于它们的书；但在那时，英国的女孩没有这样的机会，所以人们就笑她，让她现实一点，梦想能实现的事情；dream“梦想”，动词，符合语境。故填(d)ream。
23．句意：好建议！根据“If yu really want smething, yu’re ging t have t wrk hard and never give up!”可知，其他人嘲笑他的梦想，但是母亲却建议她努力工作，永远不要放弃；结合语境和首字母“a”可知，advice“建议”，不可数名词，符合语境。故填(a)dvice。
24．句意：20世纪60年代，当我在坦桑尼亚的时候，其他科学家告诉我，我对黑猩猩的整个研究都错了。结合“They explained that I shuldn’t have given the chimpanzees names and that they shuld have been numbered. I was tld I culdn’t talk abut their persnalities, minds r emtins because they thught nly humans had thse things.”和首字母“w”可知，此处是指其他科学家认为我对黑猩猩的研究是错误的；wrng“错误地，不正确”，副词，作状语修饰动词dne，符合语境。故填(w)rng。
25．句意：但幸运的是，我从小就从我的狗身上学到，他们说的根本不是真的。结合“But luckily, I’d learned frm my dg as a child…”和首字母“t”可知，其他科学家的说法与事实不符；true“真实的”，形容词，在句中作表语。故填(t)rue。
26．句意：你最自豪的是什么？根据下文“Helping peple t understand that humans are part f the animal kingdm, nt separate frm it. When I started ut, nbdy else was studying chimpanzees in the wild,”可知，帮助人们理解人类是动物王国的一部分，而不是与之分离。当古道尔开始研究的时候，没有人在野外研究黑猩猩，所以她的贡献是巨大的，这让古道尔感到非常自豪；根据“be … f”和首字母“p”可知，此处考查be prud f“为……感到自豪”，形容词短语。故填(p)rud。
27．句意：当我开始研究的时候，没有人在野外研究黑猩猩，所以我能够展示它们的行为和我们的行为有什么相似之处——接吻、拥抱、牵手、互相抚摸等等。结合“their behavir”、首字母“”和下文“kissing, hugging, hlding hands, patting ne anther, etc.”可知，此处是指我们的行为，即ur behavir，可用urs来代替。故填()urs。
28．句意：对于那些想拥有像你一样疯狂的职业生涯的国家地理儿童读者，你有什么建议吗？根据下文“Yu culd g t university and g straight int research, but there are als lts f chances fr vlunteering r fr wrking at zs. Keep yur ears pen fr pprtunities.”可知，此处是询问古道尔是否有一些建议给国家地理杂志的儿童读者；结合首字母“t”可知，tip“建议”，可数名词，由语境可知，此处应用复数形式表泛指。故填(t)ips。
五、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
Every year, thusands f peple’s lives are affected by disasters. This week the editr Becky in News Magazine i 29 a disaster survivr Fina.
Becky: Fina, yu were in a cyclne (龙卷风). Where was that?
Fina: In nrth Australia, in Nrmantn. That’s where I live.
Becky: What did yu d when the cyclne arrived?
Fina: We all stayed inside, in the basement, because that’s the s 30 place. We culd hear the strm cming clser and clser. The nise was awful. At ne pint there was a really lud nise. I thught: “That’s it! It’s ging t destry the huse!” I was s 31 .
Becky: And what happened after the cyclne?
Fina: There were terrible flds. Mre than 360 millimetres f rain fell in just twenty-fur hurs. The army had t bring fd and water t the whle area by plane and helicpter. The s 32 thing was that waves frm the cast and rivers flded the land and carried three crcdiles t near my huse! One f my neighburs hit a crcdile with his car—it was 1.6 metres lng.
Becky: Really? That’s hard t believe! S is everything b 33 t nrmal again nw?
Fina: Nt really. The flds have gne, but they destryed a lt f hmes and farms. It’s ging t cst at least 110 millin dllars t repair the damage.
Becky: Is the w 34 usually this bad?
Fina: N, but this summer was very ht. If it stays ht, there will prbably be anther cyclne. All the experts say that the chances f the extreme temperatures and heavy rain will i 35 because f climate change.
【答案】29．(i)ntrduces 30．(s)afest 31．(s)haking 32．(s)trangest 33．(b)ack 34．(w)eather 35．(i)ncrease
【导语】本文是一篇访谈，根据记者和幸存者的对话，展示了飓风后的幸存者生活的地方以及当时发生灾难的场景。
29．句意：本周，《新闻杂志》的编辑Becky介绍了一位灾难幸存者Fina。根据“This week the editr Becky in News Magazine…a disaster survivr Fina.”及首字母提示可知，此处指介绍，intrduce“介绍”符合；句子时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数的“Becky”，所以此处应用三单形式。故填(i)ntrduces。
30．句意：我们都呆在里面，在地下室，因为那是最安全的地方。根据空前的“We all stayed inside, in the basement”和下文“We culd hear the strm cming clser and clser.”及首字母提示可知，此处指最安全的地方，safest“最安全的”符合。故填(s)afest。
31．句意：我在发抖。根据上文“ We culd hear the strm cming clser and clser. The nise was awful. At ne pint there was a really lud nise. I thught:‘That’s it! It’s ging t destry the huse!’”及首字母提示可知，此处指害怕得发抖，shake“颤抖”符合；根据空前的“was”可知，此处应用现在分词形式shaking。故填(s)haking。
32．句意：最奇怪的是，来自海岸和河流的海浪淹没了土地，把三条鳄鱼带到了我家附近！根据空后的“waves frm the cast and rivers flded the land and carried three crcdiles t near my huse”和下文“Really? That’s hard t believe!”及首字母提示可知，此处指最奇怪的，strangest“最奇怪的”符合。故填(s)trangest。
33．句意：现在一切都恢复正常了吗？back t nrmal“恢复正常”，固定词组。故填(b)ack。
34．句意：天气通常这么糟糕吗？根据下文“N, but this summer was very ht. If it stays ht, there will prbably be anther cyclne.”及首字母提示可知，此处指天气。故填(w)eather。
35．句意：所有专家都表示，由于气候变化，极端温度和暴雨的可能性将增加。根据空后的“because f climate change”及首字母提示可知，此处指增加，increase“增加”符合；根据空前的“will”可知，此处应用动词原形。故填(i)ncrease。
一、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
The Elephant and the Rpe
A gentleman was walking thrugh an elephant camp. He suddenly stpped. He realized that the elephants weren’t being kept in cages r held by the use f chains(链条). Each f the giant animals was held by nly a small rpe tied t its frnt leg.
The man felt cnfused. It was c 36 that the elephants culd, at anytime, break away frm their bnds and run away. But, fr sme reasn, they did nt. In fact, they didn’t try t escape at all.
He saw a trainer nearby. Curius and wanting t knw the answer, he went up and asked, “Excuse me, but I want t knw why the elephants are just standing there. Why d they never try t run away?”
The trainer replied, “When the elephants are very yung and much smaller, we use rpes f the same size t tie them. At a yung a 37 , the elephants are nt strng enugh t break free frm the rpes. They try and try, but fail each time. As they grw up, they are cnditined t(习惯于) believe they cannt break away. They believe the rpes can still hld them, s they n 38 try t break free ever again.”
L 39 the elephants, hw many f us g thrugh life hanging nt a belief that we cannt d smething, simply because we failed at it nce befre? I think every ne f us can relate t this stry and the feeling f having failed at smething r anther ver the years. Over time, we might begin t think that we are nt able t d a particular(特定的) thing and we a 40 this as the truth and never try again. We think t urselves, “I tried that befre and it didn’t wrk ut. What is the pint in trying it again and w 41 my time? I dn’t want t lk like a fl!” And this is hw we start t settle fr a life that is “safe” and “less exciting”. Hwever, we culd regard all the s-called “failures” in ur lives as just stepping stnes alng ur path, and decide t respnd in a way that is psitive. Say t yurself, “Ah, well, at least I tied. Nw I knw a wrng way t d it, s it makes my next attempt(尝试) clearer!”
S, dn’t limit yurself t a small wrld. Stay f 42 n what yu want t achieve and keep trying until yu succeed. Yu will never knw hw far yu can g until yu have the curage t d it. And if yu fall, just get up and try again!
【答案】36．(c)lear 37．(a)ge 38．(n)ever 39．(L)ike 40．(a)ccept 41．(w)asting 42．(f)cused
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过自己所看到的一件关于大象的事情，告诉我们之前的失败只是我们成长路上的垫脚石，我们需要不断地继续尝试。
36．句意：很明显，大象可以在任何时候挣脱束缚逃跑。was后接形容词作表语，根据“the elephants culd, at anytime, break away frm their bnds and run away”及首字母可知，大象可以逃跑是很明显的，clear“明显的”，故填(c)lear。
37．句意：大象还很小，还不够强壮，无法挣脱绳索。根据“When the elephants are very yung”及“At a yung”可知，大象小的时候不够强壮，age“年龄”，根据a可知，此空应填单数形式，故填(a)ge。
38．句意：它们相信绳子还能拴住它们，所以它们再也不会试图挣脱。根据“They believe the rpes can still hld them, s they …try t break free ever again”及首字母可知，相信绳子还能拴住它们，所以不再逃跑，never“从不”，故填(n)ever。
39．句意：就像大象一样，我们中有多少人一生都抱着一种信念，认为我们不能做某事，仅仅是因为我们曾经失败过一次？根据“… the elephants, hw many f us g thrugh life hanging nt a belief that we cannt d smething”及首字母可知，我们中有多少人像大象一样，like“像”，故填(L)ike。
40．句意：随着时间的推移，我们可能会开始认为我们不能做某件事，并接受这一事实，不再尝试。根据“we … this as the truth and never try again”及首字母可知，接受这一事实了，accept“接受”，根据try可知，此空应填动词原形，故填(a)ccept。
41．句意：再试一次又浪费我的时间有什么意义？根据“What is the pint in trying it again and …my time”及首字母可知，再试一次是在浪费时间，waste“浪费”，根据trying可知，此空应填动词ing形式，故填(w)asting。
42．句意：专注于你想要实现的目标，不断尝试，直到成功。根据“Stay…n what yu want t achieve”及首字母可知，专注于你想要实现的目标，stay fcused n“专注于”，故填(f)cused。
二、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
Plastic is a cnvenience, but bth regular and micr plastics can hurt the envirnment. Therefre, actin must be taken t reduce their use.
It seems like a difficult task t take all the actins immediately, s begin small and take larger steps twards a plastic-free life. Dn’t be afraid t share yur stries with thers. While a s 49 persn’s effrt wuldn’t make much difference, nly many peple’s actins can change the wrld fr the better. If we can help ther peple make the change t a plastic-free life, we’ll be ding the wrld a huge favr.
【答案】43．(d)ifferent 44．(m)ixture 45．(s)lutin/(s)tart 46．(e)verything 47．(l)imited 48．(i)nstead 49．(s)ingle
【导语】本文主要介绍了减少塑料袋使用的方法。
43．句意：有很多不同的方法可以减少你在家里使用塑料。根据首字母提示可知，此处应是表达“有很多不同的方法可以减少你家里的塑料使用”这一含义，且后文都是围绕这个展开的，因此此处要填入的内容是“不同的”，并且其在句中作定语修饰名词ways，要用其形容词形式different“不同的”。故填(d)ifferent。
44．句意：例如，小苏打醋、热水和柠檬的混合物可以有效地取代装在有害塑料瓶中的传统清洁剂。根据首字母提示和题干中的“replace traditinal cleaners”可推断出，要取代传统清洁剂，只能是小苏打、醋、热水和柠檬的一种混合物，因此此处要填入的内容是mixture“混合物”，并且在冠词“a”的后面要用其单数形式。故填(m)ixture。
45．句意：用可重复使用的塑料购物袋代替塑料购物袋是一个很好的解决方案/开始，而且你可以做更多的事情。根据首字母提示和题干前面一句“Shpping may be ne f the hardest things t d when trying t avid plastic.”可知，此处应是表达“用可重复使用的袋子代替塑料购物袋是一种很好的解决办法”这一含义，因此此处要填入的内容是slutin“解决办法”/start“开始”，是可数名词，并且在冠词“a”的后面要用其单数形式。故填(s)lutin/(s)tart。
46．句意：在你出门之前，确保你有一份准确的购物清单，上面有你需要或吃的所有东西。根据首字母提示和题干后面一句“This will nt nly reduce fd waste but als the amunt f plastic packaging yu thrw away every year.”可知，在你出门前，有一份准确的购物清单，上面写满了你需要的或吃的一切东西不仅会减少食物浪费，而且还会减少你每年扔掉的塑料包装的数量，因此此处要填入的内容是everything“一切东西”，在句中做介词“with”的宾语。故填(e)verything。
47．句意：你可以预订一家限制使用塑料的酒店。根据“These htels hardly prvide guests with the plastics that can nly be used nce.”可知这些酒店几乎不向客人提供只能使用一次的塑料，结合首字母提示可知，所以酒店是限制使用塑料的酒店，动词limit意为“限制”，空前有“have”，空处应填动词的过去分词limited。故填(l)imited。
48．句意：或者，完全放弃传统的礼物，给别人一张你自己拍的照片，这对帮助地球来说可能更特别。根据前文的“As fr take-hme gifts, dn’t buy prducts made frm plastics. Stick t buying thse made frm natural materials like metals r plants.”与后文“give up traditinal gifts cmpletely”可知是完全相反的情况，结合首字母提示可填instead“反而”。故填(i)nstead。
49．句意：虽然一个人的努力不会有多大区别，但只有许多人的行动才能让世界变得更好。根据“nly many peple’s actins can change the wrld fr the better”可知只有许多人的行动才能让世界变得更好，所以前文指的是一个人的努力，结合首字母提示可填形容词single“单一的”，作定语。故填(s)ingle。
三、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
Few things are as wnderful as visiting a beautiful natural place, breathing the fresh air and marveling at the landscape. But enjying nature cmes at a price, Peple may make nature messy if they aren’t c 50 . There shuld be rules t keep peple frm accidentally harming nature. In 1990, the Leave N Trace mvement attempted t help. They intrduced the fllwing seven principles t encurage peple t bth enjy and prtect the great utdrs.
Plan a 51 . This means mre than just deciding which day t g. Check the weather frecast, plan what clthing t wear, and think abut a water supply. Check the area’s rules fr use.
Hike and camp n surfaces that dn’t damage easily. Grass is easily damaged. Already used areas r areas with n grass are better chices fr camping.
Deal with waste p 52 . Never leave garbage behind. Dn’t abandn yur fd wrappers, cans r leftvers. Take ut what yu take in.
Leave what yu find. Take hme any camping r biking gear, but leave behind that cl rck r flwer.
Reduce campfire d 53 . Build yur fire nly in an apprpriate lcatin. Check n the cnditins f the area befre ging there. Smetimes building campfires isn’t allwed. Never build a fire when weather cnditins are t dry r windy,
Respect wildlife. Yu shuld stay at least 100 meters away frm wildlife, s yu dn’t d 54 any animals. Getting t clse culd be fatal. Prtect yur fd s animals can’t get int it, and dn’t feed the animals anything.
Be kind t ther visitrs. Dn’t make lud nises r play lud music when yu’re ut in natural envirnments. It annys bth the animals and humans. Dn’t travel in large g 55 as it makes it trublesme fr t many peple t mve arund n the trail.
These seven principles can help e 56 share the utdrs cmfrtably. We all need t take care f the earth we knw and lve.
【答案】50．(c)areful 51．(a)head 52．(p)rperly 53．(d)anger 54．(d)isturb 55．(g)rups 56．(e)veryne/(e)verybdy
【导语】本文主要介绍了享受大自然是有代价的，不留痕迹运动试图有所帮助，它讲述了七种规则在享受大自然的同时，也能保护它们。
50．句意：如果他们不小心，会使得自然乱七八糟。根据“Peple may make nature messy”可知，人们可能会使得自然乱七八糟，后文是个条件状语从句，在他们不小心情况下，根据首字母c，横线上应是形容词careful，故填(c)areful。
51．句意：提前计划。后文都在讲述提前计划的事，根据首字母a，故填(a)head。
52．句意：正确地处理垃圾。横线上词修饰“Deal with waste”，所以应是副词，后文的内容都是关于如何正确处理废物的，根据首字母p，故填(p)rperly。
53．句意：减少篝火危险。后文都是陈述如何做才能避免篝火带来的危险，根据首字母d，所以横线上应是danger，故填(d)anger。
54．句意：因此你不能打扰动物。根据“Yu shuld stay at least 100 meters away frm wildlife,”可知，要远离野生动物，不要打扰他们，首字母是d，故填(d)isturb。
55．句意：不要大规模的旅行。根据“it makes it trublesme fr t many peple t mve arund n the trail.”可知，不能人太多，首字母是g，考查短语in grups成群结队地，故填(g)rups。
56．句意：这七个原则能帮助每一个人舒服地共享户外活动。根据短语help sb. d 可知横线上应是人，由于首字母是e，及后文的“we”，可推应是everyne/everybdy，故填(e)veryne/(e)verybdy。
四、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
In Japan, travelling by train is very ppular. When railways first spread, many railway statins were managed by statinmasters(火车站站长). These statinmasters needed t make sure that everything went well at their wn statins. Many statins stpped emplying(雇用) statinmasters a lng time ag. Hwever, in recent years, a new type f statinmaster has a 57 in Japan: the animal statinmaster.
This all started when a statin in Japan decided t emply a cat named Tama as its statinmaster in rder t imprve business. The area arund Kishi Statin didn’t get any v 58 . The trains were ften empty. In 2004, the statin was almst shut dwn because there were few custmers. The man wh wrked at Kishi Statin as an unfficial statinmaster was als the wner f a grcery stre(杂货店) next t the statin. He tk care f a street cat named Tama. In 2007, he decided t i 59 Tama t the manager f the railway line as the statinmaster. Befre that, Tama had already been a ppular cat amng lcal peple. The manager nticed Tama’s ppularity and made her the new statinmaster f Kishi Statin. Tama’s bsses did nt have t give her any mney as salaries. I 60 , they gave her free fd. She needed t greet custmers and wear a statinmaster’s hat and a unifrm. After all, a statinmaster must lk s 61 fr the custmers at all times.
Sn, Tama attracted a lt f attentin. Mre and mre peple wuld g all the way t the statin t see Tama and take pictures with her. In a very shrt time, Tama nt nly brught business t the statin, but als brught a few billin yen(日元) t the lcal e 62 . Tama seemed t enjy being the centre f attentin, and cntinued t wrk at the statin until she died in 2015 at the age f 16. It’s a great age fr a cat (abut 80 in human years). Her funeral(葬礼) was attended by many f her fans, wh s 63 said gdbye t the super statinmaster fr ne last time.
【答案】57．(a)ppeared 58．(v)isitrs 59．(i)ntrduce 60．(I)nstead 61．(s)mart 62．(e)cnmy 63．(s)adly
【导语】本文主要介绍了日本一名动物火车站站长——猫咪Tama。
57．句意：一种新型的火车站站长已经在日本出现：动物火车站站长。根据“Many statins stpped emplying(雇用) statinmasters a lng time ag.”可知许多车站很久以前就停止雇用站长，根据hwever可知表示转折，结合首字母，应用appear表示“出现”，句子是现在完成时，应用过去分词。故填(a)ppeared。
58．句意：Kishi车站周边地区没有任何游客。根据“The trains were ften empty. ”可知火车经常空无一人，结合首字母，应用visitr表示“游客”，any后接可数名词复数。故填(v)isitrs。
59．句意：他决定将Tama介绍给铁路线的经理担任站长。短语intrduce sb t sb表示“将……介绍给……”，符合题意，t后接动词原形。故填(i)ntrduce。
60．句意：相反，他们会给她免费的食物。根据“Tama’s bsses did nt have t give her any mney as salaries…., they gave her free fd. ”可知Tama的老板不必给她任何钱作为工资……他们给了她免费的食物，前后为转折，结合首字母英语instead表示“相反”。故填(I)nstead。
61．句意：毕竟，站长在任何时候都必须在客户面前显得精神。根据“She needed t greet custmers and wear a statinmaster’s hat and a unifrm. ”可知她需要迎接顾客，所以戴上站长的帽子并且穿上制服，让自己看起来更加精神、帅气，smart表示“衣着讲究的”。故填(s)mart。
62．句意：Tama不仅为车站带来了生意，还为当地经济带来了数十亿日元。根据“brught a few billin yen(日元) t the lcal…”可知为当地……带来上十亿日元，结合首字母英语ecnmy表示“经济”。故填(e)cnmy。
63．句意：她的葬礼有许多粉丝参加，他们最后一次悲伤地告别了这位超级站长。句子是非限制性定语从句，从句需用副词修饰动词said，因为是葬礼，结合首字母应用sadly表示“悲伤地”。故填(s)adly。
五、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
Have yu seen pieces f litter arund where yu live? Drpping litter desn’t lk nice; it can harm the envirnment and it is actually a 64 the law. Litter means all srts f things that have been drpped in a public space, including bttles, cans, cigarette ends, crisp packets and sweet wrappers. Litter cllects n streets and paths, in bushes, parks, rivers and trees. It can take hundreds f years t decmpse (slwly break dwn and disappear) and can d 65 the sil.
Wildlife s 66 because f litter. Animals can get injured by sharp cans r glass, r they might even accidentally eat bits f plastic. Litter is blwn by the wind and w 67 int rivers and drains. Eventually these things end up in the sea, where they can be a d 68 t sea creatures.
If yu’re ding a clean-up peratin, ne very useful thing is a litter picker. It has a handle at ne end and grabber at the ther. Using a litter picker allws yu t cllect rubbish easily and s 69 . Yu shuld always wear prtective glves when ut cllecting rubbish. Wearing a bright-clur vest is als a gd idea, but n 70 g picking up litter near a busy rad withut an adult with yu.
【答案】64．(a)gainst 65．(d)amage 66．(s)uffers 67．(w)ashed 68．(d)anger 69．(s)afely 70．(n)ever
【导语】本文主要讲述了环境污染的危害。
64．句意：它对环境有害并且它事实上是违反法律。分析句子和首字母提示可知是“违反法律”用against the law。故填(a)gainst。
65．句意：它可能需要数百年才能分解并且它会毁坏土壤。根据文中“It can take hundreds f years t decmpse”可知垃圾需要百年才能分解；又根据首字母提示，可知它会对毁坏土壤，应用damage，前面有情态动词“can”，故用原形。故填(d)amage。
66．句意：因为垃圾野生动物也在受难。根据后文“Animals can get injured by sharp cans r glass, r they might even accidentally eat bits f plastic.”可知，野生动物也在受难。根据首字母提示可知应用suffer，主语是“Wildlife”三单，故suffer用三单形式。故填(s)uffers。
67．句意：垃圾被风吹进河流和下水道。分析句子可知垃圾是被风吹了然后流进河流，又根据首字母提示可知用wash；分析句子可知是被动语态，故用过去分词washed。故填(w)ashed。
68．句意：最终，这些东西最终在海洋中消失，它们在那里对海洋生物成为一种危害。分析句子可知垃圾进入海洋消失，对海洋生物造成危害，又根据首字母提示和空前的“a”可知，此处应用名词danger。故填(d)anger。
69．句意：使用垃圾收取器可以既方便地又安全地收集垃圾。分析句子和首字母提示，可知用收取器收集垃圾是安全的，与easily并列，故用副词safely。故填(s)afely。
70．句意：穿上一件鲜艳的背心也是一个好主意，但是在没有大人的陪伴下永远都不要去繁忙的道路上去捡垃圾。根据首字母提示和分析题干可知，此处是告诫人们没有大人的陪伴永远不要去繁忙的道路上去捡垃圾。故填(n)ever。
Name: Dame Jane Mrris Gdall
Brn: 3 April 1934
Knwn fr: Being the first persn t study chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the wild
Imprtant discveries:
Fund that chimpanzees have emtins, use tls and eat meat.
There are many d 43 ways t reduce yur plastic use at hme. T begin with, be sure t prperly recycle everything yu can and thrw away what yu can’t, such as plastic cups and dishes. If yu’d like t take further steps t make yur hme free frm plastics, cnsider using simple alternatives(替代品) t everyday prducts like persnal care items. Fr example, a m 44 f baking sda vinegar, ht water and lemn can effectively replace traditinal cleaners that cme in harmful plastic bttles.
Shpping may be ne f the hardest things t d when trying t avid plastic. Replacing plastic shpping bags with reusable nes is a gd s 45 , and there is much mre yu can d. Befre yu walk ut f the dr, make sure yu have an accurate shpping list with e 46 what yu will need r eat. This will nt nly reduce fd waste but als the amunt f plastic packaging yu thrw away every year.
Believe it r nt, it is pssible t avid plastics while n vacatin. Yu may bk ne f the htels that have l 47 the use f plastics. These htels hardly prvide guests with the plastics that can nly be used nce. As fr take-hme gifts, dn’t buy prducts made frm plastics. Stick t buying thse made frm natural materials like metals r plants. Or i 48 , give up traditinal gifts cmpletely and give smene a picture yu tk yurself, which can be mre special fr the purpse f helping the planet.