新高考英语复习：训练17 概要写作示例与写作训练07新高考英语复习：

这是一份新高考英语复习：训练17 概要写作示例与写作训练07新高考英语复习：，共14页。

【原文呈现】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Dear daughter，
As we drve ff frm Clumbia, I wanted t write a letter t yu t tell yu all that is n my mind.
Yu have been an excellent elder sister. Even thugh yu tw had yur share f fights, the last few years yu have becme best friends. Yur sister lves yu s much, and she lves t make yu laugh. She lks up t yu, and sees yu as her rle mdel.
Cllege will be the mst imprtant years in yur life. It is in cllege that yu will truly discver what learning is abut. I encurage yu t be inquisitive, but I als want t tell yu: "Educatin is what yu have left after all that is taught is frgtten." What I mean by that is the ability t analyze a new prblem. That is really what learning in cllege is abut – this will be the perid where yu g frm teacher-taught t master-inspired, after which yu must becme self-learner. S d take each subject seriusly, and even if what yu learn isn't critical fr yur life, the skills f learning will be smething yu cherish frever.
D yur best in classes, but dn't let pressure get t yu. Yur mther and I have n expectatins fr yur grades. If yu graduate and learn smething in yur fur years, we wuld feel happy. Yur Clumbia degree will take yu far, even if yu dn't graduate with hnrs. S please dn't give yurself pressure. During yur last few mnths in high schl, yu were s happy because there was little pressure and cllege applicatins are finished. But in the past few weeks, we saw yu are beginning t wrry (did yu knw yu bite yur nails when yu are nervus?). Please dn't be wrried. The nly metric yu shuld use is that yu tried. Grades are just silly letters that give the vain peple smething t brag, and the lazy peple smething t fear. Yu are t gd t be either.
Lve,
Dad (& Mm)
【思维路径】
[核心内容]
本文是李开复写给即将上大学的女儿的信中的节选部分，全文共分四段。第一段主要讲写信的背景和目的。第二段描写了她是个很好的姐姐及她与妹妹的关系。第三段是李开复给女儿关于大学的第一条建议，即他认为大学学习的真正意义是从被动学习转向自主学习的阶段，会使个人转变成一个很好的自学者。第四段是他给女儿的第二条建议，他以女儿两个不同阶段的表现来建议女儿不要给自己太大的压力，不用太在意成绩，而是应该侧重与个人的努力程度。
[写作思路]
(1)理清文章脉络、概括段落大意。理清文章脉络、概括段落大意是写摘要的基础，同学们可以通过找主题句、分析段落的逻辑关系来梳理文章的脉络，概括大意。该文第一段内容简单，主要介绍了地点及写信原因，因此没有明显的主题句；第二段是介绍人物关系，主题句为第一句话，”Yu have been an excellent elder sister”。第三段的第一句话强调了大学的重要性，但是主题句需要自己稍微总结一下，应为what learning in cllege is abut is the ability t analyze a new prblem。第四段的主题句则比较明显，为该段第一句话，”D yur best in classes, but dn't let pressure get t yu.”
(2)确定表达要点、灵活准确表达。因本文是一封信，所以要把本文的题材类型首先表达出来。其次，每段的段落大意都是我们要表达的要点，这可以确保不漏点。在确定表达要点后要思考如何准确灵活表达，这是难点。因为评分标准要求完全使用自己的语言。灵活表达的重要技巧是对原来的语言进行同义替换(paraphrase)，同时要对相关内容进行整合。第一第二段内容不多，可适当表达出要点即可。本文重点在于第三第四段。每段都可归纳一个要点。第三段要点为强调大学学习的主动性，要侧重能力的培养，故在概括的时候可用到该段的部分关键字，如”ability”,”self-learner”,”skills f learning”。第四段要点为不要给自己太大压力，要轻松的学习，不要太在乎成绩。同样也利用巧妙使用关键字的方法来进行概括。句子不能与原文一样，但是我们可以用含有关键字的其他句子来表达。而这段的关键字则为”pressure”,”try”,”happy”等。
[参考范文]
This is a letter a father wrte t the daughter wh will enter cllege sn(要点1). In the letter, father praised daughter as an excellent sister(要点2). Besides, he emphasized the imprtance f cllege and encurage the daughter t cultivate the ability f self-learning(要点3).What’s mre, he persuaded the daughter nt t put t much pressure n herself(要点4)，instead, happiness is much mre imprtant than the grade.(66wrds)
[范文解析]
范文中主要包含四个要点，分别为每个段落的要点。要点1中介绍了题材和两位主人公。因要点2与要点3，4关联不大，所以把它与要点1用in the letter连接在一起,使文章看上去更连贯一些。因要点3开始是另外一方面的内容，故可理解为转向另一个话题，用besides来进行过渡，并且要点3中有两个小点，这两个小点就可以用and简单连接一下，清晰明了。要点4与要点3是并列关系，故用what's mre来承接第二条建议。范文中最后一句话也是要点4的一部分，与前一句话是转折关系，故用instead来导出。综上，范文包含了所有要点，意思全面但又不累赘，措辞简单易懂，结构上也比较清晰。
[提炼归纳]
1. 语义转换
语义转换是新题型概要写作中很重要的一项基本技能，因为评价标准对“使用自己的语言进行观点的独立表达”有较高的要求。本范文中我们将”becme a self-learner”改写成”the ability f self-learning”,意思一样，但却从不同角度着手，避免了重复运用原文句子的情况。再例如范文中第四段中心句”dn't let pressure get t yu”,该句已完全表达了第四段的重要内容，如何用另外的句子表达相同的意思是此类作文题的难点之一，我们可以通过改变主语的方式来进行转换，如”persuaded the daughter nt t put t much pressure n herself”。
巧用句型
巧用句型不仅是原有作文题型中要求的一项提分技能，更是新题型概要写作中的一项增分且实用的技能。将字数较多的原文缩写成60字左右的概要，一个重要的技巧就是学会运用各种学过的句型，尤其是从句的使用。从句能将原来的两个句子的意思表达在一个句子内，意思不变但是字数明显减少。如范文中的第一句“This is a letter a father wrte t the daughter wh will enter cllege sn”，该句为定语从句，整个句子表达了两个意思，一为这是父亲写给女儿的信，二为这个女儿将要上大学了。多使用不同句型的句子不仅能减少字数的使用，而且能使整个文章更加精致和有内容。
【写作演练】
1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Why d sme peple live t be lder than thers? Yu knw the standard explanatins: keeping a mderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect des yur persnality have n yur lngevity? D sme kinds f persnalities lead t lnger lives? A new study in the Jurnal f the American Geriatrics Sciety lked at this questin by examining the persnality characteristics f 246 children f peple wh had lived t be at least 100.
The study shws that thse living the lngest are mre utging, mre active and less neurtic (神经质的) than ther peple. Lng-living wmen are als mre likely t be sympathetic and cperative than wmen with a nrmal life span. These findings are in agreement with what yu wuld expect frm the evlutinary thery: thse wh like t make friends and help thers can gather enugh resurces t make it thrugh tugh times.
Interestingly, hwever, ther characteristics that yu might cnsider advantageus had n impact n whether study participants were likely t live lnger. Thse wh were mre self-disciplined, fr instance, were n mre likely t live t be very ld. Als, being pen t new ideas had n relatinship t lng life, which might explain all thse bad-tempered ld peple wh are fixed in their ways.
Whether yu can successfully change yur persnality as an adult is the subject f a lngstanding psychlgical debate. But the new paper suggests that if yu want lng life, yu shuld strive t be as utging as pssible.
Unfrtunately, anther recent study shws that yur mther’s persnality may als help determine yur lngevity. That study lked at nearly 28,000 Nrwegian mthers and fund that thse mms wh were mre anxius, depressed and angry were mre likely t feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns f childhd eating can be hard t break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids f depressed mms end up dying yunger.
Persnality isn’t destiny, and everyne knws that individuals can learn t change. But bth studies shw that lng life isn’t just a matter f yur physical health but f yur mental health.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Being a high schl student is prbably ne f the hardest things in the wrld. Frm the cuntless classes t the endless hmewrk, yur schl may seem stressful sme days. S, it’s understandable if yu feel under pressure smetimes.
Hwever, by making a few changes, yur high schl life culd becme easier. First, as starters, try t build a better relatinship with the mst imprtant peple in yur life: yur parents. “T succeed, teens need lve, acceptance and supprt frm their parents,” psychlgist Sara Villanueva wrte n Psychlgy Tday website. With this in mind, try t explain yur difficulties t yur parents. That way, they’ll understand yu better. T d this, simply talk t yur parents and share yur feelings with them and they may be able t help yu. Having a gd relatinship with yur teachers is imprtant t. If yu’re finding a certain class t hard, talk t yur teachers and ask them fr help. It’s teachers’ jb t make sure their students understand what they teach, s they’ll be mre than happy t help yu.
And then, yu als shuld start by helping yurself t becme mre successful at anything yu d. T start with, set yurself sme realistic gals, like “I’ll imprve my math grade by next semester,” r “I’ll jin ne mre after-schl club.” And rather than just tell yurself these gals, plan them ut carefully－and stick t them. Yu can get yurself a calendar, and mark every piece f schl wrk yu have n there, fr example. That way, yu can see exactly what yu need t d and when yu need t finish it by.
Anther thing t remember, hwever, is that relaxatin is just as imprtant as wrking hard. “It is gd t take time t relax during heavy perids f wrk t stay energized (精力充沛的) and fcused,” US student Anna Phryles wrte n university website Odyssey. S, if things get t difficult, taking a break may be the best slutin f all.
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3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Eighty-five percent f the jbs that tday's students will d in 2030 dn't exist yet,the Institute fr the Future has predicted.That might seem like a high number t reach in nly 10 years.But think abut the nn-mainstream careers that did nt exist just a handful f years ag: scial media manager,app develper and clud cmputing engineer,etc.What rle shuld clleges and universities play in preparing students fr a wrkplace that is cnstantly changing? Educatinal institutins are trying t answer that questin."We hpe they will nt nly be prepared fr whatever the jb market lks like in 10,20 r 50 years but be the nes shaping it," said Jenn Stringer,prfessr at the University f Califrnian,Berkeley.Here are sme f the appraches they're taking.
Sme experts argue that the fur-year learning mdel needs t be rethught in a big way. They say educatin can n lnger be seen as smething that stps when a persn graduates frm cllege.If students culd take a year r tw ff schl,get a jb,and then return t schl a few years later,the educatin system wuld ffer true life-lng learning and better adapt t changing technlgy.
Fewer emplyers are willing t train peple n the jb than the emplyers 50 years ag, largely as part f an effrt t cut csts.T fill the jb skills gap,sme curses are ffered as an add-n t a student's main degree.Fr example,the curses may include data analysis,web design and digital marketing.The gal is t ffer students,a degree aside,sme advantages when they seek jbs r prmtins in the future.
Other institutins are trying t imitate the wrkplace within the traditinal classrm. Several clleges have partnered with private cmpanies,such as the sftware cmpany Adbe, t integrate their prducts int the classrm.Prfessrs at schls wh partner with the cmpany are encuraged t use the prduct fr assignments.The idea is that students learn hw t create a prject that can be used in the real wrld and the"sft skills"such as teamwrk and creativity.
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4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Cultures can be different frm each ther in many aspects. Peple can eat different fds and live in different types f huses. Peple prbably speak different languages and have beliefs and custms very different frm yurs. Hwever, they can be similar in ways f cnnecting with each ther. We smetimes call these means f cmmunicatin universal languages.
Sme legends hld that (据说) thusands f years ag there was a single language spken by everyne. It is fun t think abut a time when everyne may have been able t cmmunicate in the same language thugh histrical evidence des nt supprt this, f curse.
Tday, there are thusands f languages spken arund the wrld. Yet, there are sme means f cmmunicatin that g beynd wrds and allw peple f wildly different backgrunds t cmmunicate and share emtins and feelings. Fr example, sme peple believe music is a universal language. There may be sme scientific supprt fr this idea, t. Experts have learned that acrss cultures peple can recgnize three cmmn emtins in music: happiness, sadness and fear.
Anther universal language that yu might nt have thught f is math! If yu think abut it nw, it just makes sense. The value f “pi” is rughly 3.14159 n matter where yu are. Similarly, we judge the value f smething by the same mathematical calculatins, n matter whether yu’re cunting in dllars, punds r RMB.
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5.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
In tday’s wrld where we have varius translatin apps that allw us t talk t almst anyne “in his wn language”, why d we still need t make an effrt t learn a freign language urselves? There are practical reasns, f curse. Fr example, thse wh are bilingual (具备双语能力的) have a better chance in the jb market. And science has prved that learning t speak mre than ne language can train ne’s brain t be strnger.
But there’s mre t it than that. US authr Rita Mae Brwn nce wrte: “Language is the rad map f a culture.” By taking a lk at the vcabulary and idims f a language system, we get a glimpse (一瞥) at what’s held imprtant in a certain culture. Take the Swedish wrd “lagm” fr example. It means “just the right amunt”, which desn’t have a matching wrd either in English r in Chinese. Frm “lagm”, we can see hw much the cncepts f “mderatin (适度)” and “balance” are valued in Swedish culture. By learning a freign language, yu als gain a better understanding f yur wn culture. Irish language expert Benny Lewis explained this idea in his blg with an interesting metaphr: “Trying t understand yur wn culture merely frm within it is like trying t understand what a bus is like if yu’ve nly ever ridden inside it. If yu want the bigger picture, yu need t get ff that bus and examine it frm the utside.” And by pening ur eyes t different cultures, we’re able t understand better hw peple grw up t be different frm ne anther. We als learn t be mre tlerant and respectful t the diversity f the wrld.
As Trinity University prfessr Lenard De Vales wrte n the schl’s website: “Freign language study is simply part f a very basic liberal educatin: t ‘educate’ is t lead ut, t lead ut f narrwness and darkness.”
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答案与解析
1.【参考范文】
Tw recent studies have researched the relatinship between persnality characteristics and lngevity. Mre utging, mre active and less anxius peple and sympathetic and cperative females live lnger, fr these persnalities may bring them mre scial resurces. Hwever, seemingly advantageus persnalities like self-discipline and pen-mindedness d nt necessarily lead t lngevity. Surprisingly, a mther’s persnality may affect her children’s life span.
【解析】
本文为一篇说明文的概要写作。文章讲述了性格和寿命之间的关系，更外向、更活跃、更不焦虑的人以及富有同情心和合作精神的女性寿命更长，因为这些性格可能会给她们带来更多的社会资源。然而，表面上有利的性格，如自律和开放的心态，并不一定会导致长寿。令人惊讶的是，母亲的性格可能会影响孩子的寿命。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻，抓住几大要点去写题。本篇概要写作，需从以下几个要点着手；
要点1：该段最近有研究探讨了人性格特征与寿命的关系，主题句为A new study in the Jurnal f the American Geriatrics Sciety lked at this questin by examining the persnality characteristics f 246 children f peple wh had lived t be at least 100.
要点2：该段主要讲述更外向、更活跃、更不焦虑的人以及富有同情心和合作精神的女性寿命更长，因为这些性格可能会给她们带来更多的社会资源。内容可以从Lng-living wmen are als mre likely t be sympathetic and cperative than wmen with a nrmal life span中提炼。
要点3：该段主要讲述表面上有利的性格，如自律和开放的心态，并不一定会导致长寿，内容可以从Thse wh were mre self-disciplined, fr instance, were n mre likely t live t be very ld.及后面句子中提炼。
要点4：该段主要讲述母亲的性格可能会影响孩子的寿命，主题句为anther recent study shws that yur mther’s persnality may als help determine yur lngevity.
【范文点评】
审题时要认真分析每段要点，不能 遗漏要点。答题时要注意准确地使用了相应的语法结构和词汇来改 写要点句，并有效地使用了合适的衔接词使上下文意思连贯，文章结构紧凑清晰。
2.【参考范文】
As a high schl student, yu may feel stressed smetimes. (要点 1) T get rid f pressure, yu can first cmmunicate with yu parents, sharing feelings with them. (要点 2) And yur teachers’ help is als very imprtant especially when yu are stressed in study. (要点 3) Besides, yu shuld try t becme a successful student by setting suitable gals and carrying them ut. (要点 4) At last, try t relax when necessary. (要点 5) (65wrds)
【解析】)
这是一篇概要写作。
写作步骤
1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了作为一名高中生，你有时会感到压力。为了摆脱压力，你可以首先与你的父母沟通，与他们分享感受。老师的帮助也很重要，尤其是当你在学习上有压力的时候。此外，你应该努力成为一个成功的学生，设定合适的目标，并实施他们。最后，在必要的时候尽量放松。
2)弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
3.【参考范文】
T help students better suit and reshape the ever-shifting wrk landscape, clleges are taking varius measures. (要点1) Firstly, life-lng and adaptive learning mdel is expected t replace the present 4-year ne. (要点2) Besides, additinal training prgrams beneficial t acquiring practical jb skills are prvided fr cllege students. (要点3) Mrever, sme clleges cperate with enterprises t make classrms mre like wrkplaces and enhance students’ all rund capabilities. (要点4)
【解析】
这是一篇概要写作。
第1步:根据文章内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。文章第一段用提问的方式引出主题：大学在帮助学生们适应不断变化的职场起到什么角色？所以本文的内容概要是为了帮助学生更好适应职场，大学采取了各种各样的措施。要点1要先写出文章目的。要点2第二段讲到第一点措施ffer true life-lng learning and better adapt t changing technlgy.终身和适应型学习模式预计会替换现在4年教育。要点3在第三段sme curses are ffered as an add-n t a student's main degree.有益于获得工作技能的格外的培训项目被提供给大学生。要点4.在最后一段：大学和公司合作把课堂营造成职场并加强学生全面能力。
第2步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组) , 如: beneficial t 有益的； are prvided fr 被提供 Mrever 而且, sme clleges cperate with 合作；enhance students’ all rund capabilities增强全面的技能. 等。
第3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【范文点评】
本文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如T help students better suit and reshape the ever-shifting wrk landscape, 和Mrever, sme clleges cperate with enterprises t make classrms mre like wrkplaces and enhance students’ all rund capabilities.中都出现非谓语动词的运用，全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。
4.【参考范文1】
Althugh there exist sme differences in peple’s diets, husing, languages, beliefs and custms glbally, peple can still cmmunicate with each ther in universal languages.(要点1) It’s even interesting t think that peple used t speak the same language in the ancient wrld. (要点2) Music is believed t be a universal language that can make peple share cmmn emtins.(要点3) The same is als true fr math, because the value f smething remains unchanged (fixed) wherever yu are and whichever way yu are calculating.(要点4)
【参考范文2】
Thugh cultures may be different in diets, husing, languages and beliefs, peple can cmmunicate with each ther thrugh universal languages. (要点1) It is said that peple used t speak nly ne language but there are n cnvincing facts f it. (要点2)Hwever, music is cnsidered a universal language as it cnveys the basic feelings like happiness, sadness and fear. (要点3) Maths is anther universal language because peple value things with the same criteria n matter what measurements they use. (要点4)
【参考范文3】
Thugh cultures may be different in many ways, peple can cmmunicate with each ther thrugh universal languages. (要点1)It is said that peple used t speak nly ne language but there are n cnvincing facts f it. (要点2)Music is cnsidered a universal language because peple can find sme cmmn feelings in it. (要点3) Maths is als a universal language since sme mathematical calculatins are fixed amng peple. (要点4)
【参考范文4】
Althugh cultures vary/ differ wrldwide in fd, living, languages and beliefs, they shares similarities in what we called universal languages. (要点一)Interestingly, legendary beliefs claim that a single language was spken in ancient times, which lacks cnvincing facts.(要点二)Nwadays,sme frms f languages can be recgnized universally. Fr instance, peple enjy a mutual understanding f music regardless f their backgrunds.(要点三)Math is anther example because the same calculatin methds can be adpted t judge the value wherever we are.(要点四)
【解析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括文章内容，通读全文可知，本文主要讲述虽然人们在饮食，住宿，语言和信仰等很多方面有所不同，但是人们可以使用通用语言进行沟通，文章还列举了两种通用语言。注意篇幅控制在60词左右。
5.【参考范文】
Why shuld we master a freign language despite diverse translatin apps? (要1) It brings us sme practical benefits. Hwever, its value is mre than that.(要点2)Language is an imprtant aspect f culture. Freign language study helps us understand further the cultures abrad and at hme. Thus, we can learn t accept human uniqueness and respect the diversity f the wrld.(要点3)
【解析】
这是一篇概要写作。
本篇书面表达是概要写作。要求概括尽管，现在有不同种类的翻译软件，但是我们还要掌握一门外语的原因。从三个方面进行分析，第一： 外语带给我们一些实际的好处。但是它的价值也不只如此。第二：语言是文化的一个重要方面。外语的学习帮助我们对国内外文化有更深一步的了解。第三：我们能够学会接受人类的独特性，并且尊重世界的多样性。写作过程中，注意词数在60词左右，同时使用自己的语言，不要照抄原文语句。写作之前要认真阅读原材料，加深理解。遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰的表明原文信息。尽量使用自己的语言，不要照抄原文原句，篇幅控制在60词左右。