新高考英语复习：训练16 概要写作示例与写作训练06新高考英语复习：

这是一份新高考英语复习：训练16 概要写作示例与写作训练06新高考英语复习：，共14页。
【原文呈现】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Much meaning can be cnveyed, clearly, with ur eyes, s it is ften said that eyes can speak.
D yu have such kind f experience? In a bus yu may lk at stranger, but nt t lng. And if he is sensing that he is being stared at, he may feel uncmfrtable. The same in daily life. If yu are lked at fr mre than necessary, yu will lk at yurself up and dwn, t see if there is anything wrng with yu. If nthing ges wrng, yu will feel angry tward thers’ stare with yu that way. Eyes d speak, right?
Lking t lng at smene may seem t be rude and aggressive. But things are different when it cmes t stare at the ppsite sex. If a man glances at a wman fr mre than 10 secnds and refuses t avert his gaze, his intentins are bvius, that is, he wishes t attract her attentin, t make her understand that he is admiring her.
Hwever, the nrmal eye cntact fr tw peple engaged in cnversatin is that the speaker will nly lk at the listener frm time t time, in rder t make sure that the listener des pay attentin t what the frmer is speaking, t tell him that he is attentive. If a speaker lks at yu cntinuusly when speaking, as if he tries t dminate yu, yu will feel discncerted. A pr liar usually expses himself by lking t lng at the victim, since he believes in the false idea that t lk straight in the eye is a sign f hnest cmmunicatin. Quite the cntrary. In fact, cntinuus eye cntact is cnfined t lvers nly, wh will enjy lking at each ther tenderly fr a lng time, t shw affectin that wrds cannt express.
Evidently, eye cntact shuld be dne accrding t the relatinship between tw peple and the specific situatin.
【思维路径】
[核心内容]
本文是一篇说明文，全文共分五段。第一段是此篇文章的总起段，引出”eyes can speak”这个话题。第二段以在公共汽车上和日常生活中的两个例子来验证第一段眼神能够说话这个话题，并给出一种观点是不恰当的注视会引起被注视人的尴尬和误解。第三段介绍了一种人们都默许并认可的长久的注视，即男女之间感情的传达的眼神交流。第四段则转折出谈话时人们之间该有的正常的眼神交流方法方式，并再次论证了长久的注视只应存在在彼此有好感的男女之间。第五段为本文的总结收尾段落，眼神交流的方式应随两个人之间的不同关系和不同场景而做出相应的调整。
[写作思路]
(1)理清文章脉络、概括段落大意。理清文章脉络、概括段落大意是写摘要的基础，同学们可以通过找主题句、分析段落的逻辑关系来梳理文章的脉络，概括大意。该文第一段的主题句是eyes can speak,同时也是整篇文章的中心句；第二，三，四段都是对第一段主题句的解释和说明。其中第二段主要内容为两个例子，因此没有明显的主题句。第三段主题句可以归纳为”lk t lng at the ppsite sex is nrmal and acceptable”.第四段的中心句为”the nrmal eye cntact fr tw peple engaged in cnversatin is that the speaker will nly lk at the listener frm time t time”。第五段为本文总结段落，简洁明了，故主题句即为该整个段落中的唯一一句话，”eye cntact shuld be dne accrding t the relatinship between tw peple and the specific situatin”.
(2)确定表达要点、灵活准确表达。每段的段落大意都是我们要表达的要点，这可以确保不漏点。本文的摘要要把全文第一句作为一个要点，因为它是全文的逻辑起点。在确定表达要点后要思考如何准确灵活表达，这是难点。因为评分标准要求完全使用自己的语言。灵活表达的重要技巧是对原来的语言进行同义替换(paraphrase)，同时要对相关内容进行整合。第一段是总起段，内容相对简单，包含一个要点(要点1)，即“eyes can speak”。第二段的要点即为两个例子：”being stare at in a bus”和”being lked at fr mre than necessary”.但是在写摘要时没有必要把例子也写清楚，所以就可以直接说”tw examples pint ut that”(要点2)。第三段中用”but”引出了要点3，注视相同性别的人太久被认为是粗鲁和不礼貌的，那么看异性就可以表达为”nrmal and acceptable”.第四段用hwever来承接出要点4，即在谈话时正常的眼神交流应该是怎么样的，文章中表达为” lk at the listener frm time t time”,可以paraphrase为”it is als uncmfrtable fr peple t give unnecessary eye cntact t the listener cntinuusly”. 最后一段中要点5为文章的总结性话语，在摘要中体现关键字”relatinship”和”situatin”即可。
[参考范文]
Peple can cnvey meanings by eyes(要点1)，but they will feel strange if they were stared at t lng(要点2). In fact, nly when it happens t the ppsite sex, it wuld be cnsidered as a nrmal phenmenn(要点3). Besides, in a cnversatin, it is als uncmfrtable fr peple t give unnecessary eye cntact t the listener cntinuusly(要点4). Therefre, the meeting f eyes depends n the situatin and the relatinship between tw peple(要点5). (70wrds)
[范文解析]
范文把原文中的被动句要点1替换成主动句式以避免重复利用原文，并将要点1与要点2用连词but进行连接。要点3是将原文第三段中的第一句话和第二句话的意思用“nly when...”的句式合并成了一个句子。要点4是对另一个特殊场合，即对话时，进行介绍，因此与前几个要点成并列关系，故用”besides”来承接。并且在要点4中，用”cntinuusly”替换”frm time t time”。要点5是范文的总结部分，所以用”therefre”连接，并用”it all depends n”替换”eye cntact shuld be dne”。
[提炼归纳]
1. 巧用句型
巧用句型不仅是原有作文题型中要求的一项提分技能，更是新题型概要写作中的一项增分且实用的技能。将字数较多的原文缩写成60字左右的概要，一个重要的技巧就是学会运用各种学过的句型，尤其是从句的使用。范文中的第一句是将原来的两个简单句”Peple can cnvey meanings by eyes”和”peple will feel strange if they were stared at t lng”合并为一个复合句”Peple can cnvey meanings by eyes，but they will feel strange if they were stared at t lng”,并且在这个复合句中又巧用了if引导的条件状语从句，将原文中原本复杂的例子体现在一个简短的从句中。因此多使用不同句型的句子不仅能减少字数的使用，而且能使整个文章更加精致和有内容。
2. 语义转换
语义转换(paraphrase)是新题型概要写作中很重要的一项基本技能，因为评价标准对“使用自己的语言进行观点的独立表达”有较高的要求。此外，这也是整个英语学习过程中比须掌握的一项交际技能。本范文中我们将“eye cntact眼神交流”表达为“the meeting f eyes”。同时，本文中一直出现的”t lng”和”frm time t time”可以转换为”cntinuusly”,三者实际上表达的是一个意思，都说明眼神交流的时间过长或过频繁。这可以避免重复原文内容，使用不同的语言进行准确的表达。
【写作演练】
1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Nt all educatin can and shuld happen within the classrm. Smetimes, traveling is the best frm f educatin, as students can get a number f persnal and educatinal benefits frm travel. Frm learning abut ther cultures first-hand t seeing where histrical events tk place with their wn eyes, educatinal travel gives students the pprtunity t deepen their understanding f art, science, histry, and culture in many ways.
Educatinal becmes a whle new experience when students can see lts f tls and equipment fr themselves by traveling t different places. The tls and equipment culd be used by scientists decades r even centuries ag t make discveries that make ur mdern wrld pssible. Educatinal travel brings the materials ff the pages and int reality, allwing students t cnnect themselves with them in a mre meaningful way.
N matter where students g, it’s almst guaranteed that they’ll find sme kind f fd that is unique t that place r dne better than anywhere else. If smene gets Chicag-style pizza in Chicag, they’re ging t have a different tasting experience than they wuld if they were getting the same type f thing in, say, Texas. At the same time, getting chili in Texas wuld be a whle different experience frm getting chili in New Yrk r Chicag. Students can learn a lt abut a culture by what they eat n a daily basis and what they cnsider a special meal, s it’s gd t take a taste f the lcal fd and learn thrugh all f the senses.
Being away frm family, hme, and familiar grund is a curageus and independent adventure in its wn right. Educatinal travel prvides that pprtunity t allw students t pen their minds regarding hw they chse t live life, which can be extrardinarily helpful in preparing students fr cllege and adulthd. Traveling – with the cmbined scial skills and perspectives(视角) it teaches – really allws students t better understand hw they can perate n their wn.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.阅读短文,根据短文内容写出一篇60词左右的内容摘要.
Sme peple think nly schl children d nt agree with their parents. Hwever, it is nt true. Cmmunicatin is a prblem fr parents and children f all ages. If it’s hard fr yu t cmmunicate with yur parents, dn’t wrry abut it. Here is sme advice fr yu t bridge the generatin gap.
Dn’t argue with yur parents. Dn’t talk with yur parents when yu are angry. Yur parents prbably wn’t cnsider yur ideas if yu are shuting at them. And yu can’t express yurself well if yu are angry. G t sme place t cl ff. Make sure yu understand why yu are unhappy. Then think abut what yu want t say t yur parents. If yu dn’t think yu can speak t them at the mment, try writing a letter.
Try t reach a cmprmise. Perhaps yu and yur parents disagree n smething. Yu can keep yur disagreement and try yur best t accept each ther. Michael’s mther didn’t agree with him abut buying a mtrcycle. They argued ver it. But they finally came t a cmprmise. Michael bught the mtrcycle, but nly drve it n certain days.
Of curse, yur parents might refuse t cmprmise n smething. In these situatins, it is especially imprtant t shw lve and respect t them. Shwing respect will keep yur relatinship strng.
Talk abut yur values. The values f yur parents are prbably different frm thse f yur wn. Tell yur parents what yu care abut, and why. Understanding yur values might help them see yur purpses in life.
A gd relatinship with yur parents can make yu a belter and happier persn. It is wrth having a try.
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3.阅读短文,根据短文内容写出一篇60词左右的内容摘要.
e-learning: Hazy past—better future?
Hw much f an effect des technlgy have n students’ learning? A significant ne, it seems, accrding t experts. Currently available technlgies, the mst imprtant f which are cmputers and the Internet, apparently prvide a learning envirnment in which prblem-slving and intellectual enquiry can flurish. The prcess f learning in the classrm may becme significantly mre effective as students can deal with infrmatin n the cmputer. Or s the thery ges. My wn viewpint is rather different, I’m afraid.
Cmputers have been arund fr tw decades as part f schl equipment. There are, f curse, bstacles like csts t vercme, but it’s just a matter f time and effrt. This is because schls have dne what every rganisatin des when it sees an innvatin—it applies the innvatin t its existing mdel, which adds cst but desn’t transfrm the standard classrm. We have, during that perid, spent ver $60 billin n them, but in my view they seem t have had little r n effect n learning in schls. Cntent is king and the mde f delivery is irrelevant. If a teacher makes the subject matter interesting, it des nt matter what, if any, equipment is used.
Hwever, change is n the hrizn. I think student-centred learning will becme the nrm and transfrm educatin. Cmputers will pave the way fr far mre independent learning. Students wh currently dn’t have access t schls r teachers are nw able t get nline. They can study frm hme thanks t the fact that mre learning prgrammes are being written fr learners wh are frced by their circumstances t be self-sufficient. This wuld prve especially beneficial in thse areas f the wrld where quality educatin is limited r extremely expensive. Therefre, in a few years’ time we culd have a cmpletely different cnversatin abut technlgy and its impact n learning.
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4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Hw t Deal with Pressures at Schl
As a high schl student, if yu are feeling stressed ut r frustrated by teachers, classmates,r schlwrk，it is imprtant t knw that yu aren't the nly ne. Believe it r nt，everyne has these feelings at sme pint， and everyne shuld learn hw t deal with them prperly.
First f all， yu need t keep a psitive attitude and nt take things t heart. That smene gt a better grade than yu desn't mean that they are smarter—perhaps they studied lnger r knew the material mre. It's easy t becme frustrated if yu are nt ding as well as yur friends， but being ptimistic will help yu deal with future similar situatins.
Secndly， if students at schl are bullying yu， knw when t stand up fr yurself. Dn't let ther classmates make yu feel that yu are nt gd enugh. They are simply insecure and d nt knw hw t deal with the pressures f schl. They are just trying t make thers feel bad， s they can feel better abut themselves.
Lastly， it is necessary t keep things crrectly. Fr any situatin that is stressful， take a secnd lk frm a different pint f view. When I lk back t the frustratins f my high schl days， I ntice that many f them seem very unimprtant t me nw.
It's nt easy t be cnfident when there are s many students wh seem like they "have it all"，but try t realize that yu, t, are gd enugh. It’s nt a cmpetitin abut wh is smarter, mre beautiful—everyne is different—s believe yur individuality.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要.
Speed-reading is a necessary skill in the Internet age. We read articles, e-mails and We Chat quickly, trying t understand key wrds and the mst imprtant meaning f a certain text. Faced with s much infrmatin frm ur smart phnes, it wuld be impssible t deal if we read wrd by wrd, line by line. Hwever, mre and mre peple enjy reading slwly.
There is a bk club in Wellingtn, New Zealand, where members meet in a cafe and turn ff their smart phnes. They sink int cmfrtable chairs and read in silence fr an hur. Unlike ther bk clubs, the pint f the slw reading club isn’t exchanging ideas abut a certain bk, but t get away frm smart phnes and read in a quiet, relaxing envirnment. Actually, the Wellingtn bk club is just ne example f slw-reading bk clubs.
Nwadays, technlgy has made us unable t fcus n reading. “Screens have changed ur reading patterns frm the straight and infrmatin left-t-right rder t a wild skimming(略读) and skipping pattern as we hunt fr imprtant wrds and infrmatin. Reading a text with links leads t weaker understanding than reading an rdinary text,” says Patrick Kingsley frm a newspaper. Hwever, slw reading is gd fr readers in many ways. It sharpens the mind, imprves cncentratin, reduces stress levels and deepens the ability t sympathize (共鸣).Anther study last year shwed that reading nvels slwly helps peple understand thers’ mental states and beliefs, a fundamental skill in building relatinships.
Aim fr 30 minutes a day, advises Kelly, a slw reader. “Yu can put in half an hur pretty easily during yur free mments. Yu pick up a meaningful bk rather than start yur cmputer t lk fr yur favrite site fr smething t pass the time,” Kelly said.
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答案与解析
1.【参考范文】
Educatinal travel can prvide students with a number f benefits.(要点1)First, educatinal travel makes the materials n the bk real, which helps students deepen their learning.(要点2)Secnd, students can taste varius fds in their educatinal travel, thus helping them knw abut different cultures.(要点3)Third, educatinal travel encurages students t be mre independent and braver, which des gd t their future.(要点4)(60 wrds)
【解析】
本篇考查的作文类型是概要写作。文章的主要结构为总-分-总。主要讲教育旅游可以为学生提供许多好处，并具体说明了这些好处是什么。符合概要写作常规出题思路。
第一段讲述教育旅游可以为学生提供许多好处。可以用到的词汇或句型有：prvide sb. with sth., a number f, benefits等。第二段讲述教育旅行使书本上的材料真实，帮助学生加深他们的学习。可以用到的词汇或句式有：materials, deepen, help sb. d sth.等。第三段主要讲学生可以在他们的教育旅行中品尝各种食物，从而帮助他们了解不同的文化。可以用到的词汇或句式有：taste, varius, knw abut, different cultures等。第四段讲了教育旅游鼓励学生更加独立和勇敢，这对他们的未来有好处。可以用到的词汇或句式有：encurage sb. t d sth., independent, d gd t 等。
【高分句型一】
First, educatinal travel makes the materials n the bk real because educatinal travel helps students deepen their learning. 首先，教育性旅行使书中的材料变得真实，因为教育性旅行帮助学生加深了他们的学习。运用because引导原因状语从句。
【高分句型二】
Secnd, students can taste varius fds in their educatinal travel s that educatinal travel can help them knw abut different cultures. 第二，学生可以在他们的教育旅游中品尝各种食物，这样教育旅游可以帮助他们了解不同的文化。运用s that引导目的状语从句。
2.【参考范文】
Prblems between parents and children always exist, Here are sme suggestins. First avid talking t yur parents when yu are angry. Besides, try yur best t accept yur parent. And als imprtantly, tell yur parents what's in yur mind and what yu value. In this way yu can narrw the gap between yu and yur parents and be a happy persn.
【解析】
这是一篇议论文，文章描述了父母和孩子之间存在的问题，并给出了3点建议。
第一步：概括每个段落的大意
第一段主要说明了父母和孩子之间的问题在各个年龄都会有，并开始给出几点关于代沟沟通的建议。可以用Prblems between parents and children always exist, Here are sme suggestins.表示。第二段给出第一个建议，第一句就给出了主旨句子Dn’t argue with yur parents. Dn’t talk with yur parents when yu are angry.当你生气的时候不要和父母争吵，可以用避免和父母争吵表达，即avid talking t yur parents when yu are angry。第三段和第四段给出第二个建议：和父母达成妥协，即try yur best t accept yur parent.第五段给出第三个建议：告诉父母你的价值观和心中所想，即tell yur parents what's in yur mind and what yu value.最后给出总结：和父母之间友好的关系才能让你变得开心，即In this way yu can narrw the gap between yu and yur parents and be a happy persn.
第二步：连句成篇(衔接词)
1.表文章结构顺序：First f all, Firstly/First, Secndly/Secnd… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is mre, Besides, Mrever, Furthermre, In additin As well as, nt nly…but (als), including,
3.表转折对比关系：Hwever, On the cntrary, but, Althugh+clause(从句), In spite f+n/ding,On the ne hand…,On the ther hand… Sme…,while thers…,as fr, s…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, S, Thus, Therefre, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰
3.【参考范文】
Althugh experts say mdern technlgy has a significant effect n classrm learning, the writer hlds a different view. Schls have invested much t apply cmputers in their classrm teaching, but it hasn’t changed the classrm teaching because what teachers teach is mre imprtant. But cmputers make it pssible fr thse with n access t schl t study n their wn.
【解析】
这是一篇概要写作。
写作步骤
1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了尽管专家说现代技术对课堂学习有显著的影响，作者却持有不同的观点。学校投入了大量资金将计算机应用到课堂教学中，但这并没有改变课堂教学，因为老师教什么更重要。但是计算机使那些不能上学的人能够自学。
2)弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4.【参考范文】
Every high schl student feels frustrated at schl smetimes and it’s necessary t learn hw t handle it. Optimistic attitudes cheer yu up when yu are nt ding well in studies. Be brave when thers bully yu due t their wn lack f cnfidence. Lking at stressful situatins differently relieves yu. After all, yu are unique and equally gd.
【解析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括每个高中生在学校有时都会感到沮丧，所以有必要学会如何处理。当你学习不好时，乐观的态度会使你振作起来；当别人因为自己缺乏自信而欺负你时要勇敢；以不同的方式看待压力会减轻你的压力。毕竟，你是独一无二的，同样优秀。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
【范文点评】
范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有cheer sb up(使某人振作起来)，be necessary t d(有必要做某事)，d well in (在某方面做得好)，due t(由于)以及after all(毕竟)，而且还使用了状语从句“Optimistic attitudes cheer yu up when yu are nt ding well in studies.”及“Be brave when thers bully yu due t their wn lack f cnfidence.”，形式主语“Every high schl student feels frustrated at schl smetimes and it’s necessary t learn hw t handle it.”，非谓语动词“Lking at stressful situatins differently relieves yu.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
5.【参考范文】
Thugh speed-reading plays an imprtant rle in the mdern age, an increasing number f peple prefer t read slwly. (要点1) Actually, there are many slw reading clubs where peple put aside their smart phnes and read quietly and slwly. (要点2) Currently, technlgy makes peple less cncentrated, but slw reading brings many benefits. (要点3) It is suggested that peple shuld spend 30 minutes every day in reading slwly. (要点4)
【解析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括文章要点，通读全文可知，本文主要讲述虽然现代社会阅读速度很重要，但是人们更愿意选择慢慢地阅读，如今也有很多慢阅读俱乐部，慢阅读有很多好处，最后文章建议每天花30分钟的时间慢慢地阅读。注意篇幅控制在60词左右。
1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，掌握文章主旨。本文主要讲述现代社会人们更愿意选择慢阅读，有很多慢阅读俱乐部，人们可以放下手机享受安静缓慢的阅读，这有很多好处，最后建议人们每天花30分钟时间享受慢阅读。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，弄清结构，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、注意要点之间的衔接，要使用适当的关联词语贯通全文。切忌只写一些简单的互不相干的句子。
4、不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话表述，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换或者结构上的转换。
【范文点评】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：Actually, there are many slw reading clubs where peple put aside their smart phnes and read quietly and slwly.这句话运用了where引导的定语从句；也使用了一些固定词组，如play an imprtant rle; an increasing number f ; put aside等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。