新高考英语复习：训练09 概要写作示例与写作训练4新高考英语复习：

这是一份新高考英语复习：训练09 概要写作示例与写作训练4新高考英语复习：，共14页。

【原文呈现】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Trina Lucid creates clring bks and inspiratins are all arund her. “One day I saw a beautiful leaf and blm. I did a whle page with leaves. S, sme came frm sketchbks. Sme were just ne-wrd inspiratin, and sme I just saw smething n the grund and that was my inspiratin that day.”
Her latest just called Clr, Write and Create, a clring jurnal. It cntains 40 pages f hand-sketched drawings and lines t write n. “The idea behind this bk is a big idea which t encurage peple t be creative. Smething else that I heard frm peple: They are buying these fr peple wh are either ill r ging thrugh a rugh time. And they feel that this is smething that kind f helps them, almst therapeutic(治疗的).”
Adults clring bks is a big business. In December, five f the tp 10 best-selling bks in the US were clring bks. Clr, Write and Create is the latest additin t Lucid’s prduct line that started twenty years ag with handmade greeting cards. “It’s a diary and a sketchbk nly nce called art jurnal.” Over the years, she’s created a variety f cllectables made f paper, fabric and antique materials. “Everything yu d is srt f vantage flare t it.” Business and marketing expert Hillary Tattersall says adults clring bks are an imprtant way fr Lucid t grw her nline business, Jubilee Flea, and hpefully mve tward mass prductins. S many f her prducts that I persnally have sld and represented with Trina ver the years have been ne f kind. T have a cmmercial success, yu need hundreds and hundreds and hpefully thusands and thusands and tens f thusands.”
Lucid’s adults clring bks are als available in lcal stres where grwn-ups are mre than happy t sit dwn and g t wrk. “It’s very relaxing. Any stress just srt f falls away. It frees yur mind. I lve her little birds. There is just smething abut them. They make me smile. S I’m saving the bird pictures t the very end I think.” Fr nw, there is strng demand fr adult clring bks and that keeps Lucid happy and busy.
【思维路径】
[核心内容]
本文是一篇记叙文，全文共分四段。第一段介绍了成人涂色书的创始人Trina Lucid及其创作灵感。第二段介绍了她的最新涂色书Clr, Write and Create及其理念。第三段主要讲述Lucid的成人涂色书蕴含无限商机。第四段内容为Lucid的涂色书的良好市场反响。
[写作思路]
(1)理清文章脉络、概括段落大意。理清文章脉络、概括段落大意是写摘要的基础，同学们可以通过找主题句、分析段落的逻辑关系来梳理文章的脉络，概括大意。本文第一段的中心句是Trina Lucid creates clring bks and inspiratins are all arund her. 第二段的主题句是第一句Her latest just called Clr, Write and Create, a clring jurnal. 第三段的中心句是Adults clring bks is a big business. 第四段的中心句是Fr nw, there is strng demand fr adult clring bks and that keeps Lucid happy and busy.
(2)确定表达要点、灵活准确表达。每段的段落大意都是我们要表达的要点，这可以确保不漏点。本文的摘要要把全文第一句作为一个要点，因为它是全文的逻辑起点。在确定表达要点后要思考如何准确灵活表达，这是难点。因为评分标准要求完全使用自己的语言。灵活表达的重要技巧是对原来的语言进行同义替换(paraphrase)，同时要对相关内容进行整合。要点1的表达已经很清楚，因此需要进行同义替换。要点2是介绍Lucid的新书，因此我们应该对该书的卖点进行概括介绍。要点3和要点4全面介绍Lucid的涂色书事业及顾客反响，可以整合在一起表达。
[参考范文]
Trina Lucid is the creatr f adult clring bks, whse inspiratins stem frm daily life(要点1). Aiming at encuraging peple’s creativity, her latest bk Clr, Write and Create serves as a cmfrt t the tugh life(要点2). Due t the unique features she sticks t, her clring bks get psitive feedbacks and are grwing in ppularity nw, which in return leads t the bm f her career(要点3,4).
[范文解析]
要点1用the creatr f adult clring bks替换了… creates clring bks，whse inspiratins stem frm daily life替换了原文中的inspiratins are all arund her。要点2用aiming at encuraging peple’s creativity代替了The idea behind this bk is a big idea which t encurage peple t be creative。要点4中There is strng demand fr adult clring bks用Her clring bks are grwing in ppularity nw替换。要点3和要点4根据内容和其内在逻辑进行了合理的整合，使句子的表达更加简洁。原文中的读者反馈 —— It’s very relaxing. Any stress just srt f falls away. It frees yur mind等直接用psitive feedbacks进行概括。要点3即Adults clring bks is a big business. 其实是作者涂色书的独具一格以及良好读者反响产生的结果，因此根据其逻辑关系整合在了一个句子中，并用which in return leads t her career’s bm进行概括。
[提炼归纳]
1. 语义转换
语义转换是新题型概要写作中很重要的一项基本技能，因为评价标准对“使用自己的语言进行观点的独立表达”有较高的要求。语义转换可以是简单的单词替换，同义短语替换，词性转换，也可以是句型转换。如要点1中使用的方法是词性转换，原文中用的是动词create，范文中用名词the creatr进行了替换。范文中whse inspiratins stem frm daily life替换了原文中的inspiratins are all arund her，此处属于句式转换。要点2用aiming at encuraging peple’s creativity代替了The idea behind this bk is a big idea which t encurage peple t be creative，也是属于句式替换。句式转换还包括把要点4的原句There is strng demand fr adult clring bks用Her clring bks are grwing in ppularity nw替换。通过不同方式的语义替换可以避免重复原文内容，使范文表达更加多样化。
2. 要点整合
为了达到概要写作规定的字数，在准确梳理原文要点的基础上，我们需要对原文的观点进行必要的整合，可以帮助我们更简洁、有效地表达。范文的呈现就是一个很好的例子。第一句是介绍人，第二句介绍书，第三句介绍其事业发展现状并展望未来。其中，第三句对要点3和要点4进行了合理的整合，使句子的表达更加简洁，结构更加具有逻辑性。要点3是作者涂色书在读者中的良好反响，要点4是作者的涂色书事业大有潜力，两者具备因果关系，因此范文根据其内在逻辑进行了整合。
【写作演练】
1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In ur mdern wrld, when smething wears ut, we thrw it away and buy a new ne. The prblem is that cuntries arund the wrld have grwing muntains f rubbish because peple are thrwing ut mre rubbish than ever befre, which, f curse, raises the public’s cncern f ur living envirnment.
Hw d the sciety becme a thrwaway ne? First f all, it is nw easier t replace an bject than t spend time and mney repairing it. Thanks t mdern technlgy, cmpanies are able t prduce prducts quickly and inexpensively. Prducts are plentiful and cheap, and it’s mre cnvenient t get them delivered nwadays.
Anther curse is ur lve f dispsable (一次性的) prducts. As busy peple, we are always lking fr ways t save time and make ur lives easier. Cmpanies prduce thusands f different kinds f dispsable prducts: paper plates, plastic cups and cameras, t name a few. It seems that dispsable prducts have becme a cmmn part f ur life.
Lnging fr new prducts als leads t the prblem. We are used t buying new things and are always talked int buying smething we dn’t need. Advertisements persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest prducts. The result is that we thrw away useful belngings t make rm fr new nes. T decrease the amunt f rubbish and t prtect the envirnment, mre gvernments are requiring peple t recycle materials. Hwever, this is nt enugh t slve ur prblem. Maybe there is anther way ut. We need t repair ur belngings instead f thrwing them away, we als need t rethink ur attitudes twards spending. Repairing ur belngings and changing ur spending habits may be the best way t reduce the amunt f rubbish and take care f ur envirnment.
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2.阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
There are many resurces fr peple wh are interested in vlunteer turism, but the best way t find these chances is t discver an rganizatin yu particularly want t wrk with. A simple Internet search fr “vlunteer turism” will bring yu many websites that ffer this kind f travel experience. It is therefre imprtant t research an rganizatin befre signing up t travel t a distant crner f the earth t becme a vlunteer. Many peple rely n ther rganizatins they knw and trust them t d research fr them. Many peple sign up fr vlunteer turism chances prvided by their schls.
Befre yu chse a vlunteer turism trip, it is imprtant t get a clear picture f hw much mney the trip will cst. It is als imprtant t understand the kind f wrk that will be required f the vlunteers, because nt everyne is up t the challenge f spending many days ding heavy wrk. Any website can put up qutes frm frmer vlunteers that may nt be true. If an rganizatin ffering vlunteer turism has an ffice in yur city, take a trip t the ffice and speak with the peple wrking there as this will help t get a better understanding f the financial and physical cmmitments (承诺) that vlunteers must make.
It is als imprtant t cnsider what kind f vlunteer wrk yu want t d. There are rganizatins that fcus n vlunteer chances fr peple wh want t wrk n cmmunity building, thers fr peple wh want t vlunteer in the field f educatin, and thers still fr peple wh have medical training and are willing t share their skills. There are als a number f vlunteer turism chances fr peple wh want t help thse in need.
Once yu have fund the type f vlunteer wrk that yu wuld like t d and created a list f vlunteer turism chances, it makes gd sense t speak t frmer vlunteers. It is a gd way t chse the vlunteer chance fit fr yu. It is als a gd way t prepare fr the trip and make it a success.
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3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Our huse has always been full f plant life. My mm has green thumb (园丁能手). Every summer, she transfrms ur backyard int a fruit and vegetable farm. Fr tw mnths, ur dinner plates are filled with snw peas, sweet green tmates and spicy peppers.
Mm puts the same care and attentin int her family as she des int the huseplants and garden. I grew under the sunshine f her smile I lved spending summer afternns digging up wrms in the backyard with my mm. I listened t stries abut her childhd in remte nrthern China. Her favrite was abut hw she used t get up befre the sun t get t schl and hw the crn stalks (玉米杆), which grew twice as tall as her n bth sides f the path, mved in the wind, making her scared.
This Nvember will mark 21 years since my parents left their cmfrtable life in China fr Canada’s cld weather. Their first years were hard. They gt by in a rented basement apartment. My mm held me in her lap while she sewed wedding dresses. Cmpared with my mm, I’ve had an easy life.
I’ve been thinking lt abut my identity and hw it was shaped by my mm’s influence. I might have never discvered a lve fr reading if she hadn’t read me a bedtime stry every night r a lve f music if she hadn’t taught me t play the pian. I have s much t learn, s much still t d. But thanks t my mm, I’ve gt slid rts that I can draw n as I grw int my future.
My gal fr university is t keep plants alive in my drm fr an entire year. My mm has been teaching me hw. In September, I’ll g ff t university, and these plants will sit n my drm windwsill (窗台). They’ll stay alive because I’ll take care f them the same way that my mm tk care f me. They’ll thrive, even. Hw culd they nt, when they’re supprted by ne (and a half) green thumbs?
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4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Why d we have deserts tday? Deserts have nt always been here. Mst deserts that we have tday were nce green lands full f plant life. One f tday’s biggest deserts is in Nrth Africa. Hwever, in the 1st century BC farms in Nrth Africa grew crn and wheat t make bread fr the whle city f Rme. Hw did this area becme desert?
Bth weather and peple can help frm a desert. Ht weather r very little rain makes the land s dry that nthing can grw. While in sme regins, the increase in desert areas is ccurring largely as a result f a trend tward drier climatic cnditins.
Cntinued gradual glbal warming has prduced an increase in aridity (干旱) fr sme areas ver the past few thusand years. The prcess may be sped up in the fllwing decades if glbal warming resulting frm air pllutin seriusly increases.
The primary reasn fr desert frmatin is human activities, thugh. If peple cut dwn r burn trees and plants t make land clear fr farming, the wind can blw the sil away and turn the dry land int sand. Anther big prblem is farming n land that is nt very gd. This pr land can very quickly turn int desert, if it is farmed t much. One f the biggest causes, hwever, is when peple take their animals t the same fields t feed ver and ver, and the fields finally lse all their nutritin. Because f these prblems, deserts are slwly taking ver green land in many parts f the wrld, including China.
Hwever, we can fight the grwing deserts! In sme parts f China peple are wrking t prevent desert frm expanding. In Xinjiang, fr example, sme farmers are trying new scientific farming methds. These methds make it pssible t use less land fr crps, s farmers then can plant trees n the rest f their land!
One Xinjiang farmer used nly HALF f his fields t grw the SAME amunt f crps as last year. On the ther half f his land, he planted fruit trees. The wrk f peple like this is helping t fight the wrld’s grwing deserts.
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5.阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，
Recently, Children shuld eat their meals and snacks at hme during the utbreak f the cvid-19 (新冠病毒),which means nt nly adding a new stress (压力)fr parents (eg, a lt mre cking!), but als prviding a new chance fr parents t teach children cking skills.
Helping children develp an interest in cking when they're yung can help them have the valuable life skill that they can carry int adulthd. Allwing children t help in the kitchen encurages them t learn where fd cmes frm, and teaches them abut nutritin and fd safety (e.g., the imprtance f washing fresh prduce with clean water, r hand-washing befre and after helping in the kitchen). Ding s may als help children vercme picky eating by becming mre accepting f new fds. What's mre, cking and baking can be fun ways t spend time while bnding with family.
The key is finding tasks that suit children's age and ability, while still guiding and mnitring their prgress. Activities that may attract a preschler's interest in cking include helping t wash fruits and vegetables and add tppings t a pizza. Older children can be given tasks such as measuring ingredients int cups r beating eggs. Prper cking skills t intrduce t the children aged between 8 and 10 include planning a family meal r fllwing a simple recipe (食谱).By ages 10 t 12} nce able t fllw kitchen safety rules, many children can prepare mre recipes, including meatballs, ckies and cupcakes.
Getting children t take part in kitchen activities may require patience as they learn. That's why it's helpful t have sme extra time at hme.
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答案与解析
1.【参考范文】
Nwadays, peple’s thrwaway lifestyle prduces mre rubbish than ever befre. The main reasns are as fllws: Firstly, t replace an bject is easier than t repair it. Secndly, using dispsable prducts becmes mre and mre cmmn. Besides. Peple are in favr f new prducts, thus thrwing away ld nes. T slve this prblem, apart frm recycling materials, we shuld change ur spending habits, repairing mre rather than buying mre.
【解析】
这是一篇概要写作题型。要求考生根据短文写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤：
1.读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文章内部的逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。如本文是属于说明文，说明文的篇章多采用总分结构，即作者先提出一个需要说明的主题或者要点，然后其他段落围绕这个主题进行展开，段落的结构布局也多采用总结结构，即作者提出本段的主题句，然后段落其他的拓展句将围绕主题句进行详细说明。如第一段的最后一句“The prblem is that cuntries arund the wrld have grwing muntains f rubbish because peple are thrwing ut mre rubbish than ever befre, which, f curse, raises the public’s cncern f ur living envirnment.”表示的是这个问题就是因为人们比以前扔掉更多垃圾，所以全世界的国家有堆成山的垃圾，这引起了公众对我们生存环境的担忧。这是本篇文章要说明的对象和要点，紧接着其他段落将围绕着“人们乱丢东西的现象导致垃圾增多”进行展开。
2.组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。如第一段的最后一句“The prblem is that cuntries arund the wrld have grwing muntains f rubbish because peple are thrwing ut mre rubbish than ever befre, which, f curse, raises the public’s cncern f ur living envirnment.”可以转换为“Nwadays, peple’s thrwaway lifestyle prduces mre rubbish than ever befre.”
3.通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词，衔接词去连贯全文。如：
1.表文章结构顺序：First f all, Firstly/First, Secndly/Secnd… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is mre, Besides, Mrever, Furthermre, In additin As well as, nt nly…but (als), including,
3.表转折对比关系：Hwever, On the cntrary, but, Althugh+clause(从句), In spite f+n/ding, On the ne hand…,On the ther hand… Sme…,while thers…,as fr, s…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, S, Thus, Therefre, As a result
2.【参考范文】
If yu are interested in vlunteer turism, the main thing is t find an rganizatin yu want t wrk with. Befre chsing a vlunteer turism trip, yu shuld learn in advance hw much it will cst and what kind f wrk it requires vlunteers t d. Besides, cnsider seriusly what type f vlunteer wrk yu prefer. Once yu’ve made yur decisin, yu'd better speak t frmer vlunteers t prepare yurself fr a successful trip.
【解析】
写作步骤
1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章第一段阐述了对于公益旅行感兴趣的人来说, 找到一个自己想要合作的组织很重要。第二段阐述了在选择公益旅行之前, 得清楚地了解这趟旅行的花费以及志愿者的具体工作内容。第三段阐述了认真考虑想做什么样的志愿者工作也是很重要的一件事。最后一段阐述了与以前的志愿者交谈的必要性以及意义。
2)弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
【范文点评】
本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：be interested in，kind f，prepare neself fr等高级词汇；If yu are interested in vlunteer turism, the main thing is t find an rganizatin yu want t wrk with.条件状语从句等高级句式。
3.【参考范文】
My mm is gd at gardening. In additin t her plants, she takes great care f her family. Althugh the first years were hard fr her when she mved frm China t Canada, she enabled me t live an easy life. She has influenced me in many aspects. Fr example, she helped me develp an interest in reading and music. She helped me becme wh I am and wh I will be.
【解析】
本文为概要写作。概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。主要考查对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁语言概括文章重要信息的能力及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。
2)弄清要求。概要写作是写全文概要，或者就某些问题写出要点，略去不必要的细节。
3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4)写作时注意要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，再用合适的语言表述出来。概要应同原文保持协调，注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文。有时也可对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好可采用句型转换、同义词的运用、概括、主被动语态、合并句子等对文章的具体信息进行概括。此外还要计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
本文的第一段的中心句子是“. My mm has green thumb .”可改为My mm is gd at gardening。第二段的中心句是“Mm puts the same care and attentin int her family as she des int the huseplants and garden.”可改为she takes great care f her family。第三段中心可概括为“Althugh the first years were hard fr her when she mved frm China t Canada, she enabled me t live an easy life.”。最后两句概括为“I’ve been thinking lt abut my identity and hw it was shaped by my mm’s influence. Fr example, she helped me develp an interest in reading and music. She helped me becme wh I am and wh I will be.” 。最后再运用连词把所有的要点连词起来重新表述。
【范文点评】
本文为概要写作。文章能准确把握文章的要点，运用句型转换、同义词的运用、，概括、主被动语态、合并句子等把要点完整表述出来。文章结构合理，基本与原文一致。文章中运用了一些较高级的词汇，如be gd at ;in additin t; takes great care f; enable sb. T d; live a… life ;develp an interest in等。文章句式比较灵活，以简单句为主，与复合句相辅相成。文章中的复合句有状语从句Althugh the first years were hard fr her when she mved frm China t Canada, she enabled me t live an easy life以及宾语从句She helped me becme wh I am and wh I will be。
4.【参考范文】
Tday, the earth is witnessing an increase in deserts. Bth weather and peple are respnsible fr this. (要点1) In Nrth Africa, serius dryness results primarily frm its climatic cnditins, and cntinued gradual glbal warming has made the land even drier. (要点2) Human activities like ver-cultivating, ver-farming and ver-grazing, hwever, are the leading causes f grwing deserts. (要点3) Frtunately, effrts can be made t stp the expansin f deserts. Farmers in Xinjiang are helping t fight it by trying new scientific farming methds. (要点4)
【解析】
写作步骤：
1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了地球上的沙漠正在增加，气候和人类的活动都有责任。在北非，严重的干旱主要是由于它的气候条件，而持续的全球变暖使土地更加干燥。然而，过度耕种、过度耕作和过度放牧等人类活动是沙漠日益扩大的主要原因。幸运的是，我们可以努力阻止沙漠的扩张。
2)弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述，并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
5.【参考范文】
It’s meaningful fr parents t get their children invlved in the kitchen activities when trapped at hme.(要点1)Firstly, parents can aruse their interest in cking at an early age, which is beneficial t children.(要点2)Secndly, they shuld give the children sme suitable tasks depending n their age and ability.(要点3)Finally, parents shuld be patient when children are learning t ck.(要点4)
【解析】
这是一篇概要写作。本文介绍了父母让孩子在家里参与厨房活动是很有意义的。
写作步骤：
1 )细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。阅读文章可知，父母让孩子在家里参与厨房活动是很有意义的，并提及了意义的三个方面。
2 )弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点，要综合每段段意概括出文章大意。本文第一段讲病毒爆发期间为家长们提供了一个新的机会来教孩子们烹饪技巧。第二段讲激发他们对烹饪的兴趣，这对孩子是有益的。第三段讲父母应该根据孩子的年龄和能力给他们一些合适的任务。第四段讲当孩子们学习烹饪时，父母应该有耐心。
3 )列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。