专题一 四选一阅读 第7讲　体裁微解——说明文 课件-2024年高考英语二轮复习

这是一份专题一 四选一阅读 第7讲　体裁微解——说明文 课件-2024年高考英语二轮复习，共41页。PPT课件主要包含了第7讲，体裁微解说明文，解题策略，语篇解读，随堂演练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
说明文通常是通过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和作引用等手段，具体描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术的文章，旨在让读者了解信息。说明文通常不包含作者的个人观点。主要具有以下特点：
说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，题目往往涉及推理判断题和主旨大意题。因此，阅读这类文章时，应把握文章结构，弄清作者所要说明的事物；另外，考生在平时的学习中应多积累阅读词汇，提高分析长难句的能力。具体答题策略如下：
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism，including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks，and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
T d s，I divided the bk int tw parts.In part ne，I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism，starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable，befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter.This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.At the end f the thirty days，yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne，I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter.In ding s，I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter.Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them，and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.In these chapters，I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude(独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spent n mindless device use.Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices，which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter.Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
28.What is the bk aimed at?A.Teaching critical thinking a simple digital philsphical the use f a digital device.
细节理解题。根据第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism，including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks，and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
29.What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?A.Clear-up. B.Add- D.Take-ver.
词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
30.What is presented in the final chapter f part ne?A.Theretical mdels.B.Statistical examples.D.Histrical analyses.
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In the final chapter f part ne，I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter.In ding s，I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter.”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了关于数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
31.What des the authr suggest readers d with the practices ffered in part tw?A.Use them as needed.B.Recmmend them t their effects.D.Identify the ideas behind them.
推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践方法。故选A。
A(2023·浙江嘉兴二模)Fr the first time，scientists have measured what actually happens with face-t-face interactins when emplyees start t wrk at an pen-plan ffice，and their results shw these mdern wrkspaces are nt as cperative as yu’d think.
本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，在开放式办公室工作时，员工并不像你想象中的那样合作，反而为了保护隐私，他们互动减少，更多地使用电子邮件交流。
Tw researchers frm Harvard Business Schl and Harvard University wanted t test whether remving walls at a real-wrld wrkplace really increases interactins between c-wrkers.“T ur knwledge，n prir study has directly measured the effect n actual interactin that results frm remving walls t create an pen ffice envirnment，” Ethan S.Bernstein and Stephen Turban write in the paper.T that end，they apprached tw multinatinal cmpanies that were re-rganizing their ffice spaces at the glbal headquarters，and enlisted small grups f emplyees fr tw studies.
Fr eight weeks befre the ffice redesign and eight weeks afterward，the researchers tracked emplyees’ scial interactins and lcatins.This data was analyzed tgether with email and instant messaging infrmatin frm the cmpany’s servers t measure differences in hw peple were cmmunicating with each ther.What they fund was a pretty astnishing difference in face-t-face interactins—but nt in the directin yu might think.Acrss bth experiments，emplyees’ scial interactins in persn decreased by a crazy 70 percent，while emails saw an uptick by rughly 20 t 50 percent.
S，instead f spending mre time cperating with c-wrkers in the new space where everyne culd see them，peple gt their heads dwn and tried t preserve their privacy any way they culd.Accrding t these results，it appears that being frced int a mre pen-plan envirnment can make peple switch frm chatting t thers in persn t sending an email r using instant messaging instead.As the team ntes，it’s nt autmatically a bad thing，but it can certainly change wrk dynamics in an unexpected way.“That can have imprtant cnsequences fr hw—and hw prductively—wrk gets dne，” the researchers cnclude.
1.Hw did the tw multinatinal cmpanies redesign their ffices?A.By expanding the ttal flr updating the cmputer changing the emplyees’ tearing dwn the space bundaries.
细节理解题。由第二段中的“T ur knwledge，n prir study has directly measured the effect n actual interactin that results frm remving walls t create an pen ffice envirnment”和“T that end，they apprached tw multinatinal cmpanies that were re-rganizing their ffice spaces...”可知，为了做研究，研究人员联系了两家跨国公司，这两家公司通过打破空间边界(即拆除墙壁)来重新设计办公室。故选D。
2.Why did the emplyees prefer email r instant messaging in an pen ffice space?A.T reduce the risk f privacy establish efficient facilitate indirect scial transfrm traditinal wrk patterns.
细节理解题。由倒数第二段首句“S，instead f spending mre time cperating with c-wrkers in the new space where everyne culd see them，peple gt their heads dwn and tried t preserve their privacy any way they culd.”可知，员工更喜欢在开放式办公场所通过发电子邮件或即时消息进行交流，是因为他们想降低隐私泄露的风险。故选A。
3.What can be inferred frm the researchers’ saying in the last paragraph?A.Further relevant research needs research findings are f practical team intends t change wrking hld different pinins n hw wrk gets dne.
推理判断题。由最后一段中的“‘That can have imprtant cnsequences fr hw—and hw prductively—wrk gets dne，’the researchers cnclude.”可知，研究人员认为他们的研究结果具有实用价值。故选B。
4.What is the main idea f the text?A.Real-wrld wrkplaces increase emplyees’ dynamics dn’t have much effect n wrk wrkspaces change wrkers’ way f ffices can’t prmte cperatin between c-wrkers.
主旨大意题。 综合分析全文尤其通过倒数第二段可知，文章介绍了一项研究，该研究表明，在开放式办公室工作时，员工并不像你想象中的那样合作，反而为了保护隐私，他们互动减少，更多地使用电子邮件交流，D项“开放式办公室不能促进同事之间的合作”符合文意。故选D。
B(2023·河北唐山二模)Machine learning sees reasning as a categrizatin task with a fixed set f predetermined labels.It views the wrld as a fixed space f pssibilities，calculating and weighing them all.This apprach，f curse，has achieved ntable successes when applied t stable and well-defined situatins such as chess r cmputer games.When such cnditins are absent，hwever，machines struggle.
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了心理人工智能可以让人工智能变得更聪明。
In 2008，Ggle launched Flu Trends，a web service that aimed t predict flu-related dctr visits using big data.The prject，hwever，failed t predict the 2009 H1N1 flu utbreak.After several unsuccessful adjustments t its algrithm(算法)，Ggle finally stpped the prject in 2015.In such unstable situatins，the human brain behaves differently.Smetimes，it simply frgets.Instead f getting trapped in irrelevant data，it relies nly n the mst recent infrmatin and makes creative decisins.This is a feature called intelligent frgetting.Adpting this apprach，an algrithm that relies n a single data pint wuld have reduced Ggle Flu Trends’ predictin errr by half.
Intelligent frgetting is just ne dimensin f psychlgical AI，an apprach t machine intelligence that als includes ther features f human intelligence such as causal reasning，intuitive(直觉) psychlgy，and physics.Sn，this apprach t AI will finally be recgnized as fundamental fr slving prly-defined prblems.Explring these amazing features f the human brain will finally allw us t make machine learning smart.
One feature f psychlgical AI is that it is explainable.Until recently，researchers assumed that the mre transparent an AI system was，the less accurate its predictins were.This mirrred the widespread but incrrect belief that cmplex prblems always need cmplex slutins.Nw，this idea will be laid t rest.As the case f flu predictins illustrates，pwerful and simple psychlgical algrithms can ften give mre accurate predictins than cmplex algrithms.Psychlgical AI pens up a new visin fr explainable AI: Instead f trying t explain cmplex systems，we can check first if psychlgical AI ffers a simple and equally accurate slutin.
Withut the help f human psychlgy，it will becme clearer that the applicatin f this type f machine learning t unstable situatins eventually runs up against impassable limitatins.We will finally recgnize that mre cmputing pwer makes machines faster.Nt smarter.
5.Why is Flu Trends mentined?A.T clarify a tell the serius supprt the authr’s prvide readers with the truth.
推理判断题。根据第一段的后两句以及第二段内容可知，提到“流感趋势”是为了支持作者在第一段提出的观点。故选C。
6.What is the advantage f human brain accrding t the passage?A.It can think utside the can avid unclear is capable f learning ver is gd at fllwing instructins.
推理判断题。根据第三段前三句可知，在不稳定的情况下，人类的大脑不会被无关的数据困住，而是只依赖于最新的信息，并做出创造性的决定。由此可推知，人脑的优势是可以跳出思维定式。故选A。
7.Which has the similar meaning with the underlined wrd “transparent” in paragraph 5?A.Similar. D.Clear.
词义猜测题。根据第五段第三句可知，画线词所在句的观点反映了“复杂的问题总是需要复杂的解决方案”这一错误理念。由此可推知，画线词所在句句意为“研究人员认为人工智能系统越清晰，其预测就越不准确”。故画线词的意思是“清晰的”。故选D。
8.What des the authr intend t tell us?A.AI speeds up the cmputing AI can make smarter system wrks well in stable will utperfrm the human brain smeday.
写作意图题。通读全文尤其根据第四段最后一句和最后一段第一句可知，作者想告诉我们心理人工智能可以让人工智能变得更聪明。故选B。