适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习备考前沿高考必会的“快”“准”读文3策略课件

这是一份适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习备考前沿高考必会的“快”“准”读文3策略课件，共41页。PPT课件主要包含了策略一，策略二，策略三，分析 ，adv存在着出现，n生态系统，n自行修复，vt重视珍视，vt组织，vt推理等内容，欢迎下载使用。
目 录 索 引
策略一　读文技巧灵活用,快速阅读不再难
技法1 逐词阅读要摒弃,成组视读划意群
意群就是指句子中按意思和结构划分出的各个成分,每一个成分即称为一个意群。同一意群中的词与词关系紧密,不能随意拆分,否则就会引起误解。阅读时要分清意群,以意群为单位,成组视读,这样读者接收到的是成组的信息,而不是一个个独立的单词。按意群阅读可避免考生逐词阅读,并能让考生更好、更快地理解文章主要内容,大大提高考生的阅读效率。
[典例](2022全国乙卷,C)Can/a small grup f drnes(无人机)/ guarantee the safety and reliability f railways/ and,at the same time,/help railway peratrs /save billins f eurs /each year?That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure/ that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) wrldwide/ are safe/ fr trains/ n a 24/7 basis.
点拨 划分意群时,可以根据意思和句子成分划分,如主语、动宾结构、固定搭配等。口诀 主谓宾状分清楚,固定搭配划一起。不同成分分开来,主从连词要断开。译文 一小群无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时,帮助铁路公司每年节省数十亿欧元吗?应用今天的“空中之眼”技术确保全球数百万千米的铁路轨道和基础设施对火车来说全天候安全,那么未来很可能是这样的。
技法2 语篇行文要理清,“选择”阅读省时力
高考试卷中的语篇文体多样,行文结构不同。考生掌握了不同文体的行文特点,针对高考对不同文体的考查情况,就可以“选择”高效的阅读策略,大大提高阅读速度和理解准确度。那么,如何通过把握文体来提升读文速度呢?具体方法将在后面“专题一　NO.2 文体深探究·明晰文体读文快”中详细阐述。
策略二　遇到词汇“拦路虎”,巧用2法来扫除
技法1 人名地名某某名,判定类别速略过
在阅读过程中,如果发现很多以大写字母开头的生词或者一连串的斜体单词,我们可以快速略过,只需判定生词是哪类事物即可,比如人名、地名、作品名(常用斜体)、报刊名(常用斜体)、物种名、机构组织名等,无需弄明白其具体所指。这些单词一般不会影响我们对文章大意的理解。
[典例](2022全国乙卷,B)In 1916,tw girls f wealthy families,best friends frm Auburn,N.Y.—Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd—traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse.The girls had gne t Smith Cllege.They wre expensive clthes.S fr them t mve t Elkhead,Cl.t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden,wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
点拨 根据上下文直接将句中首字母大写的生词或一连串的斜体单词转换为“某人”“某地”“某个组织”“某部作品”等,提取关键信息,加快阅读速度。译文 1916年,来自某地(Auburn,N.Y.)的两个互为最佳好友的富家女孩——某人(Drthy Wdruff)和某人(Rsamnd Underwd)——来到某地(Rcky Muntains)的一个村落,在一个只有一间教室的校舍里教书。女孩儿们上的是某个学校(Smith Cllege)。她们穿着昂贵的衣服。因此,对她们来说,搬到某地(Elkhead,Cl.)教那些用绳子把鞋子系在一起的孩子们是出乎意料的。她们在某地(Elkhead)的停留是某书(Nthing Daunted:The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West)的主题,作者某人(Drthy Wickenden)是一名杂志编辑,也是某人(Drthy Wdruff)的孙女。
技法2 若遇生词障碍词,猜词技巧来帮忙
微技巧1　依据熟词猜生义,语境之中定含义有些单词的基本义比较常用,而它的衍生义则比较生僻。虽然这些词在课本中出现过,但没有给出全部汉语意思,所以在高考英语语篇中,考生往往会遇到一些单词貌似熟悉,但在阅读文章时却搞不清意思的情况,这就是熟词生义现象。这需要在日常学习词汇时,培养结合具体的语境由词汇的基本义推测其衍生义的能力;这是高考的重点。
[典例](2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B)When Jhn Tdd was a child,he lved t explre the wds arund his huse,bserving hw nature slved prblems.A dirty stream,fr example,ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived.When he gt lder,Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in cllege,Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)?Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants,he figured,maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did.He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec- the years,Jhn has taken n many big jbs.He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn.He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu,a city in sutheast China.
微技巧2　长难单词巧拆解,利用构词猜词义学会拆解单词利用构词法猜测词义是考生必备的一项技能。英语中常见的构词有三类:派生、转化与合成。由词缀(前缀和后缀)和词根相结合构成单词的方法叫作派生法;把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法;由两个或两个以上单词组成一个新单词的方法叫作合成法。
[典例](2023全国乙卷,C)What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd?Prbably fish and chips,r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables.But is British fd really s uninteresting?Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine,it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits.It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way.There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges.It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut
微技巧3　全然生词莫慌张 巧用逻辑判意义高考阅读理解越来越注重能力的考查。阅读理解语篇中会含有一些生词,而且有一部分生词考生从来没有见过,也不能通过构词法来猜测。这些词就是考生做题的拦路虎,需要考生利用上下文提供的线索猜测词义。
[典例](2021全国乙卷,A)Peple have been puring int stadiums since the days f ancient Greece. In arund 80 A.D.,the Rmans built the Clsseum,which remains the wrld’s best knwn stadium and cntinues t infrm cntemprary design.Rme’s Clsseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances,seating 50,000 peple. Hwever,that was small fry cmpared with the city’s Circus Maximus,which accmmdated arund 250,000
分析 选段中出现了较多的完全陌生的词语。其中,Clsseum、Circus Maximus是专有名词,根据“which remains the wrld’s best knwn stadium”和“that was small fry cmpared with the city’s Circus Maximus”可知,它们是体育场,不知道其具体中文名称对理解文意影响不大;根据“seating 50,000 peple”“cmpared with”以及“accmmdated arund 250,000 peple”可推测,small fry表示“(相比较之下)不重要的人(或事物)”。考生在考场上遇见完全陌生的词语时不要慌张。这类词中一部分是专有名词,不理解其含义往往对文意的理解影响不大;另一部分通常可以根据语法关系(如定语从句、同位语等)和逻辑关系(如递进、转折、因果等)推断出其含义,所以考生要学会先从整体上把握语篇含义,再在语境中体会词语的含义。词汇是阅读理解的基础,只有扫除词汇障碍,考生才能准确理解文章内容。
根据语境猜测画线词汇的词性及含义:1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,A)MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam.　　　　　　　　　　 2.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,A)Cycling is the mst ①ecnmical,②sustainable and fun way t explre the city,with its beautiful canals,parks,squares and cuntless lights.①　　　　 　 　　　②　　　　　　　　 　　 3.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B)Little by little,these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem.　　　　　　　 4.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B)Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.　　　　　　　 
adj.经济的,实惠的
adj.可持续的,不破坏环境的
5.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C)At the end f the thirty days,yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.　　　　　　　 6.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C)In ding s,I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter.　　　　 7.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D)Mst frequently,the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw,these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr.　　　　 
8.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D)Sme peple will tend t ①verestimate,and sme t ②underestimate.①　　　　　　②　　　　　 9.(2023全国乙卷,B)T make sme f my landscape shts,I have traveled up t fur hurs away t sht within a 10-minute time frame.　　　　 10.(2023全国乙卷,D)In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides,there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted,especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write.　　　  
策略三　读文碰见长难句,运用“4招”来破解
阅读理解得分低,主要是因为文章看不懂,句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子除了主干之外还包含一些附加部分,如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等。下面介绍如何通过“4招技法”处理英语阅读理解中的长难句。
技法1 据谓语,找主干
一般情况下,一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语),我们可以根据谓语动词来确定其主语。而且,如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词,则该句可能是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。
技法2 提主干,去枝叶
一般情况下,一个结构复杂的句子中主句所表达的信息为主要信息,从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来,就不能完全把握句子的核心意义,从而导致思维混乱,主次不分
技法3 寻关联,辨逻辑
一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句,它们之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果找准这些关联词,我们就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系,分别弄清楚主句和从句的意义,那么长句也就容易理解了。
技法4 看搭配,防分隔
有时一个长句是由一个或多个搭配构成,而且这些搭配常常出现分隔现象。学生若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目,则会对句意的理解发生偏差。
1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C)At the end f the thirty days,yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.[分析]提主干:本句是一个主从复合句,yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities为句子的主干。去枝叶:At the end f the thirty days作　　　　　语;that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things为that引导的　　　　从句修饰先行词　　　　　　　　　,yu believe为　　　　语;yu value为省略关系代词that/which的　　　　从句,修饰先行词　　　　　　　　。 翻译:
nline activities
在这三十天结束时,你可以恢复少量精心挑选的、你认为将对你所珍视的东西大有裨益的线上活动。
2.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B)A dirty stream,fr example,ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived.[分析]提主干:分析句子成分可知,A dirty stream ften became clear为句子的主干。去枝叶:本句中fr example为插入语,after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks为　　　　　语,其中包含一个由where引导的　　　　　　　,修饰先行词　　　　　。 翻译:
例如,一条污浊的小溪,在流经植物和微小生物栖息的岩石后,通常会变得清澈。
3.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D)The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin,the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals.[分析]提主干:本句是一个主从复合句,主干The key finding f the study was that...是一个主系表结构的句子。
去枝叶:that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin,the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals为that引导的　　　　从句;该从句中when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin为when引导的　　　　　　从句,该从句中又含有　　　　从句that were allwed t have a discussin,修饰先行词　　　　　　　　　。 翻译:
smaller grups
这项研究的重要发现是,当大的群体被进一步分成更小的群体并允许讨论时,这些群体(估算)的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。
4.(2022全国乙卷,D)Tday’s figures,accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schls.[分析]寻谓语,找主干:本句的谓语为　　　　　,主干为　　　 　　。 析成分:本句中accrding t ne gvernment fficial为　　　　语,the sugar tax is having为省略关系代词的定语从句,修饰先行词　　　　　　;介词短语by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities and healthier eating in schls在句中作　　　　状语。 翻译:
Tday’s figures shw the psitive influence
据一位政府官员说,今天的数字显示了糖税的积极影响,它为体育设施和学校的健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。