2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练（全国通用）第31讲阅读表达（Word版附解析）

这是一份2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练（全国通用）第31讲阅读表达（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了 三年真题表达考点细目表， 命题规律及备考策略，快速成文，反复推敲等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第31讲 阅读表达（核心考点精讲精练）


1. 三年真题表达考点细目表

天津卷
2020年
3月
记叙文
人与自我：作者从内向害羞到自信的转变
6月
记叙文
人与自我：找到真正自我和自信不再追随他人发挥自己特长
天津卷
2021年
3月
记叙文
人与自我：找到自己真正地爱好特长实现人生的转变
6月
记叙文
人与社会：汤讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事动画教学的故事。
天津卷
2022年
3月
记叙文
人与社会：汤退休夫妇制作手工玩具捐赠给慈善帮助贫困儿童。
6月
记叙文
人与社会：汤文章主要记叙了作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，十五个朋友面面相觑，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜
2021年北京卷

说明文
人与社会：如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除
2022年北京卷

记叙文
人与社会：汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料
2023年北京卷

说明文
人与自我：习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响

















2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近三年阅读表达命题规律呈以下特点：
体裁：记叙文为主说明文为辅，难度系数较低，适中。考查题型细节理解题，推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题，还有开放性题目。
【备考策略】
努力提升解题能力，以便轻松应对此题型。俗话说熟能生巧。在日常学习中，学生要认真对待老师精选的相关训练，勤加练习。练习时需注意以下几个方面：
（1）读懂题目，带问题阅读；
（2）快速通读全文，明确文章主旨大意；
（3）针对题目各个击破。就归纳总结具体信息类题目，应确保所查找信息点全面；词义、句意猜测类题目，
要联系前后文语境判断；观点、态度或写作意图类题目，应基于文章的整体内容作答；主旨要义以及推理题需视具体情况而定，有针对段落的命题，也有针对文章整体内容的命题。
（4）答语要简洁、准确。因为有词数要求，学生应学会转换表达方式，必要时可用单词代替短语，用非谓语代替从句，用构词法进行词性或词义转换。名言警句一般都简洁明了，可用来作答某些题目。
（5）做好作答后的检查，检查项包括作答内容是否与设问“对应”、作答词数是否符合题目要求、拼写（含大小写）、语法、标点等是否正确无误。
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2024年高考阅读表达阅读表达仍然会综合考查考生的信息捕捉能力、语言概括能力、推理判断能力以及自主创新能力。



题型总览
高考改革的一大特色就是在高考中增加了阅读表达这一题型。占10分，5个小题。阅读表达题是一种综合性的题型，既考查学生的阅读理解能力，又考查书面表达能力，同时，这类题目不但选材紧跟时代步伐，而且体裁多样、结构严谨、层次分明，是一种不错的试题。然而，同学们对这一题型却感到束手无策，不知从何下笔。针对这一情况，我们应在平时的训练中不断总结做题方法，探索答题规律，掌握这类题目的解题技巧。
开放性问题答语积累】
人性格形容词-determined，brave，persistent，lovely，loving，friendly，warm-hearted，kind，nice，good，patient，responsible，humorous，active，optimistic
A person with a strong sense of responsibility
A person who never gives up
故事的形容词-fantastic，moving，impressive
获得什么启示？-I will never give up when facing/I am faced with difficulties.
I will spare no effort to achieve my goal/dream no matter how hard/difficult it is.
你是负责人，举办什么活动？--回答详细内容 deliver a speech/organize a competition/hold an activity (in order to....)
I will encourage them to overcome the difficulties.
你的职业？你想选择什么专业？--
I want to be a cook ,because I can cook various delicious food to meet people’s tastes./to make myself happy.
I want to be a doctor ,because I can save people’s life and help them treat the disease.
I want to be a teacher ,because I can teach students knowledge and help them to be useful persons.
I want to major in maths,because maths can help me cultivate logical and rational thinking.
I want to learn English,because I have no difficulty in communicating with foreign friends in English./it palys an important role in our daily life.

考点一、细节表达题
细节表达题：
1、题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。
2、设问形式此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用 what , why , how 等特殊疑问词进行提问。
3、答题技巧：解该类题时，首先要仔细审题，然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中定位相应的语句，结合该语句（或其上下句）的内容，用正确的格式进行回答，答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。
问题形式:
Why ..?回答形式:+ 名词性短语 (表示原因) ; To +动Because +句子 (表示原因) ; Because of词原形 (表示目的) ;ln order to +动词原形(表目的)
②问题形式： What ...? 回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）
③问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。
④问题形式： How ...?（询问方式）回答形式： By ( doing )..；完整的句子。

2021年6月天津卷


56. What does Anneke enjoy doing after her retirement? (no more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. (她喜欢获得新知识的经历，也喜欢与他人分享。)”以及她所说的话“I’ve taken so many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation too. (我上了很多Udemy的课程，能让我的大脑重新工作真是太棒了。我在动画教学中也发现了同样的满足感。)”可知，Anneke退休后获得新的知识并与人分享，她参加Udemy课程并教授动画。
故答案为Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others. Or: Taking Udemy courses and teaching animation.


（2023·天津河西·统考二模）阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
At the age of 15, Roxanne Black-Weisheit was told that she got lupus, a systemic autoimmune (自身免疫) disease that occurs when one’s body’s immune system attacks the healthy tissues and organs. Shortly after, Black-Weisheit desperately sought emotional support. She wanted a friend who could truly understand her situation, and she figured there were others who needed this, too.
So, during her first year of college, she created Friends’ Health Connection (FHC), a non-profit organization that helped people with similar health conditions.
As she was starting FHC, lupus was destroying her kidney function. During her senior year of college, she had her first kidney transplant and 13 years later, she had her second one. Through it all, she didn’t forgo FHC. She’d even transformed her hospital room into an “office” and worked in her hospital bed.
After graduation, she secured enough funding to continue growing her organization, and it became her full-time job. But, unfortunately, lupus and kidney transplants weren’t the end of Black-Weisheit’s health issues. Five years ago, at 42, she had lymphoma.
Black-Weisheit’s new disease left her extremely weak and tired, and she knew she had to make a choice about FHC． “Since my time and energy were limited and my future was uncertain, the board and I decided to close our office. I wanted to devote all my energy to keeping my family life as normal as possible,” she explained.
Her career didn’t end there, though. When she started feeling better, she felt the urge to start working again. Using her experience from FHC, she started a new company — Schedule Authors.com, which helps other companies schedule different types of speakers for their events. This is now Black-Weisheit’s current job. But she missed running her own non-profit organization, so she started trying to figure out how to bring back FHC．
And, recently, she received some great news: A past FHC donor would provide her with a grant to get the organization running again.
6．What did Black-Weisheit realize shortly after being told that she got lupus? (no more than 8 words)

7．Why did Black-Weisheit create the non-profit organization FHC? (no more than 10 words)

8．How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? (no more than 10 words)

9．What made Black-Weisheit decide to close the office in the end? (no more than 5 words)

10．What do you think of Black-Weisheit? Why? (no more than 20 words)

【答案】6．The importance of seeking emotional support. 7．To help other people suffering similar diseases. 8．She didn’t give up FHC during her treatment. 9．Her poor health conditions. 10．I think she’s a role model for many people because she tried to help others even though she suffered greatly.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Roxanne Black-Weisheit因为患了狼疮，非常渴望情感支持，于是创建了非营利组织FHC，帮助有类似健康状况的人。文章介绍了她治病的过程以及组织的运转情况。
6．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Shortly after, Black-Weisheit desperately sought emotional support. She wanted a friend who could truly understand her situation, and she figured there were others who needed this, too.(不久之后，Black-Weisheit拼命寻求情感支持。她想要一个能真正理解她处境的朋友，她觉得其他人也需要这样的朋友)”可知，Black-Weisheit在被告知她得了狼疮后不久意识到了寻求情感支持的重要性。故答案为The importance of seeking emotional support.
7．考查细节理解。根据第二段“So, during her first year of college, she created Friends’ Health Connection (FHC), a non-profit organization that helped people with similar health conditions.(因此，在她大学的第一年，她创建了朋友健康联系（FHC），这是一个非营利组织，帮助有类似健康状况的人)”可知，Black-Weisheit创建了非营利组织FHC是为了帮助其他患有类似疾病的人。故答案为To help other people suffering similar diseases.
8．考查句意猜测。根据画线句后文“She’d even transformed her hospital room into an “office” and worked in her hospital bed.(她甚至把自己的病房变成了“办公室”，在病床上工作)”可知，她在治疗期间没有放弃FHC，她甚至把自己的病房变成了“办公室”，在病床上工作。故画线句意思是“她在治疗期间没有放弃FHC”。故答案为She didn’t give up FHC during her treatment.
9．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“Black-Weisheit’s new disease left her extremely weak and tired, and she knew she had to make a choice about FHC. “Since my time and energy were limited and my future was uncertain, the board and I decided to close our office. I wanted to devote all my energy to keeping my family life as normal as possible,” she explained.(Black-Weisheit的新疾病使她极度虚弱和疲惫，她知道她必须对FHC做出选择。“由于我的时间和精力有限，我的未来也不确定，董事会和我决定关闭我们的办公室。我想把我所有的精力都投入到让我的家庭生活尽可能正常，”她解释道)”可知，Black-Weisheit最终决定关闭办公室是因为她的健康状况不佳。故答案为Her poor health conditions.
10．开放性试题，题干：你觉得Black-Weisheit怎么样？为什么？（不超过20字）可回答：我认为她是许多人的榜样，因为她尽管遭受了很大的痛苦，但还是努力帮助别人。故答案为I think she’s a role model for many people because she tried to help others even though she suffered greatly.

考点二、主旨表达题

1．题目要求：
①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；
②给文章拟一个恰当的标题。
2．设问形式：
① What ' s the main idea of the passage / Paragraph ...?② What ' s the passage mainly about ?
③ What ' s the best title for the passage ?
3．答题技巧：考生在回答该类问题时，要善于归纳文章、语段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、关键词和核心词。
解该类题时，注意一要紧扣能够体现文章或段落主旨的关键词，二要计言简练。
4．常用的回答形式有：
①名词短语／动名词短语；②名词＋后置定语；名词＋定语从句；名词＋同位语从句；
③名词性从句或"疑问词＋不定式": What .../ Why ... How ./ How to...?


2021年6月天津卷

58. What is the main idea of Para. 3? (no more than 15 words)

_______________________________________________________
考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“Anneke understands how fear can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first animation to creating their own works.
(Anneke知道恐惧是如何阻碍人们梦想的事情。通过为期五天的挑战课程，她帮助他们克服恐惧。Anneke喜欢她对学生的影响。更让她感到自豪的是，他们已经从第一部动画发展到创作自己的作品。)”可知，第3段的主旨是Anneke帮助学生克服克服恐惧并创造他们自己的动画作品。
故答案为Anneke helps her students get over the fear and create their own animation works.


（2023·北京昌平·统考二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
There are many historical sites and places in the world that give us insight and evidence of the past civilization. These sites help us learn about our ancestors, their living and culture. These sites can be called common or universal heritage (遗产) of humankind and our world heritage.
These sites from the past civilizations are for all humans. We must live in them today and also pass them on to future generations. They teach us about our past and represent the great achievements of our ancestors and make us proud. World heritage has historical, cultural and economic significance. It has exceptional value and importance for humankind from history, science and arts points of view and must be cared for.
Many UNESCO sites that stand today are under threat. There is a list of thirty sites by UNESCO that are endangered. There are many external factors responsible for damaging the world heritage, some of which are climate change, natural disasters, urbanization and unchecked tourism etc.
With the growing strength of these external factors, it is becoming more and more important to take proper measures to save and preserve these timeless achievements of humankind. There are many communities and organizations in the world which are working to protect these sites. We can work with these organizations, travel agencies, government groups and local communities. We should join them to support their cause. Another way to play our part is to shoulder travel responsibility Tourism can generate funds for the restoration of historical sites but at the same time unchecked tourism can damage them seriously.
The younger generation must preserve the identity of the people who came before them. No matter what is our reach, we should help protect them through effective means. Our every step would count and help in protecting the world heritage sites.
74．What is Paragraph 2 mainly talking about?

【答案】74．The importance of historical sites.
74．考查主旨大意。根据第二段“These sites from the past civilizations are for all humans. We must live in them today and also pass them on to future generations. They teach us about our past and represent the great achievements of our ancestors and make us proud. World heritage has historical, cultural and economic significance. It has exceptional value and importance for humankind from history, science and arts points of view and must be cared for. (这些来自过去文明的遗址是给所有人类的。我们今天必须生活在它们之中，也要把它们传给后代。它们告诉我们我们的过去，代表了我们祖先的伟大成就，让我们感到自豪。世界遗产具有历史、文化和经济意义。从历史、科学和艺术的角度来看，它对人类具有特殊的价值和重要性，必须得到照顾)”可知，第二段的主旨是历史遗迹的重要性。故答案为The importance of historical sites.

考点三、推断表达题
1．题目要求：
要求考生能够在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻
辑关系的分析，做出合理的推理和判断。推断表达题包含两个方面的，容，一是对文中的具体内容做出推理和判断；二是推测作者或文中相关人物的意图、观点和态度。
2．设问形式：
① What ' s the purpose of the text ?
② For what purpose does the author mention .. in Paragraph ...?
③ What does the author really mean by saying ...?
④ What kind of attitude does the author have towards ...?
⑤ What does ... imply ?
⑥ What can we learn from the text ?
3．答题技巧：
①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。②要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能断章取义，以么全。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。
④不能主观臆想，也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点
⑤了解语篇结构，重视文章的主旨，体会文章基调，所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。
⑥把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，把握逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者1L弦外之音，揣摩出作者的态度。
⑦回答要紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定词数。


【2022年天津卷第二次】It was a dark and stormy night. The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass. It was also New Year’s Eve. We were having our annual party and had a house full of people just starting to celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard loud explosions. Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks(火花) flying from electrical transformers(变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity?
The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue? We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was delicious. There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldn’t watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but that wouldn’t stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and, with the help of someone’s watch to tell us the time, we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity for that!
Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve.
59. How does the author feel about that particular New Year’s Eve? (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________
60. What do you think is the most necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situation? Please explain why. (no more than 25words)
____________________________________________________________
【答案59. It was the most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unforgettable./ Joyful./ Different./ Memorable./ Unique.
60. It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with difficulties.
【59题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章第四段“Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve. (现在，我们仍然聚在一起庆祝新年，我们仍然谈论那个特别的夜晚。我想我们从来没有像那个新年前夜那样笑得那么开心过。)”可知，作者认为那一夜是特别的，是充满欢笑的。故答案为It was the most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unforgettable./ Joyful./ Different./ Memorable./ Unique.。
【60题详解】
考查推理判断。本题要求考生基于对篇章整体内容理解，对青年人面对突发事件应如何面对给出自己的想法，为开放性试题。故参考答案为：It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with difficulties.



（2023·天津·耀华中学校考一模）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Life on the street is a constant struggle for homeless people. In extreme weather conditions, that struggle becomes even more difficult. Recently, homeless people across Chicago faced freezing to death if they couldn’t find shelter for the night.
Thankfully, one local woman refused to let that happen. On January 30, 34-year-old Candice Payne, a local managing broker, was lucky enough to have shelter from the dangerous conditions. “It was -20℃, and I knew they were going to be sleeping on ice and I had to do something,” said Payne. Payne started brainstorming different ways she could possibly help. Finally, she decided to see if there were any rooms available at local inns and hotels that she could get to help those stuck on the street.
For Payne, her mission was personal. According to Payne, her husband, Carlos Callahan, had lived on the street at one point in his life. Based on his experience, Payne knew that the homeless people still living on the street desperately needed help and she wanted to step up.
However, when Payne explained what she was trying to do, many of the local hotels refused to allow her to pay for the rooms as they didn’t want homeless people to stay in their rooms. “No one wanted them, but one hotel, the Amber Inn, was nice enough to allow me to buy the rooms,” said Payne.
Payne’s selfless act made news across the country. However, she insisted she had never done it for attention. “I am a regular person,” said Payne, who spent thousands of dollars of her own money to help complete strangers. “It all sounded like a rich person did this, but I’m just a little black girl from the South Side.”
60．Why was Candice Payne determined to help homeless people? (no more than 10 words)

【答案】 60．Because she knew homeless people’s struggle from her husband’s past experience.
Because she knew the homeless desperately needed help.
Because she worried about those stuck on the street.
60．考查推理判断。根据文章第三段“For Payne, her mission was personal. According to Payne, her husband, Carlos Callahan, had lived on the street at one point in his life. Based on his experience, Payne knew that the homeless people still living on the street desperately needed help and she wanted to step up. (对Payne来说，她的任务是私人的。据Payne说，她的丈夫Carlos Callahan一生中有一段时间曾露宿街头。根据他的经验，Payne知道那些仍然住在街上的无家可归的人迫切需要帮助，她想挺身而出)”可知，Payne之所以决定帮助这些无家可归的人，是因为从自己的丈夫之前的经历中，Payne知道这些人如果得不到帮助就很难存活下来。故答案为She knew homeless people’s struggle from her husband’s past experience.或She knew the homeless desperately needed help. 或She worried about those stuck on the street.

考点四、猜词表达题

一）题目要求：考生能够利用上下文判断某个单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中的确切含义。
（二）设问形式：
① What ' s the meaning of the underlined word / phrase / part in the ... paragraph '?
② What does the underlined part in the .. paragraph mean ?、
（三）答题技巧：结合文章主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测，还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法及语篇文脉关系等理解猜测其含义有些题目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解，甚至通过理解整个语篇．能进行猜测判断。
（四）常用的回答形式有：①相近含义、相同词性的单词；②完整、直白、简短的句子。
1、根据上下文语境理解词义
2、根据释义猜测词义：
①借助画线词后面破折号所给出的解释、同位语、定语从句等来确定词义。构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号、冒号、破折号和小括号等连接；定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用。
②如果生词在文中直接被句子或段落解释，理解句子或段落本身就能推断出词义。


2022年6月天津考题


56. What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word)
____________________________________________________________
56. Fierce./ Strong./ Violent.
考查词义猜测。根据文章第一段“The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass.(狂风猛烈地摇动着窗户，好像外面有人在敲打着玻璃。)”，结合常识可知，风肯定很大才会像窗外有人敲打着玻璃；形容风特别大可以用形容词fierce“猛的”、strong“强的”或violent“暴力的”。故答案为Fierce./ Strong./ Violent。


（2023·天津和平·统考二模）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
The Appalachian Trail attracts thousands of serious hikers each spring, only one in four hikers completes the entire trail.
The Sutton family recently finished hiking the entire trail. They are a unique trio (三人组) as their son Harvey turned five on the trail, which makes him the youngest to complete the Appalachian Trail. Josh and Carrie Sutton said they needed to take, breaks from busy work called mini-retirements. “We set the family goal of living a life with extraordinary stories. Doing things like hiking with a child on the Appalachian Trail gives you extraordinary stories,” Josh Sutton said.
When Harvey turned three, they took him winter camping, and by the time he was four, the family completed a 50-mile hike, camping over six days. Seeing that Harvey developed a passion for hiking, they planned a thru-hike on the Appalachian Trail. Hiking from end to end is called a thru-hike and generally takes five to seven months to complete.
They hit the trail in Georgia on January 13, 2021. The first weeks were cold. The trail was icy and snow-covered, and the weather was often cloudy and bitter, so they made slow progress. They would wake up early each day, pack their gear (装备), and then start walking. As they had many miles to cover each day, they had to be inventive and started using imagination and Skittles (彩虹糖) as incentive for little Harvey.
The family completed their journey on August 9, 2021. Little Harvey learned to count all the way to 2,193, the total miles his little feet traveled, and a big number for someone who just started kindergarten. “I will do it again because like it so much,” said Harvey.
Although the Suttons are now back home, they have incredible memories of this mini-retirement. The journey is a life-changing experience for the Sutton family and is an inspiration for families who dream of taking a similar journey.
4．What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? (no more than 1 word)

4．考查词句猜测。根据第四段中“The trail was icy and snow-covered, and the weather was often cloudy and bitter, so they made slow progress.”（路上结了冰，白雪覆盖，天气又阴又冷，所以他们前进的速度很慢。）可知，恶劣的天气使得路不好走。“As they had many miles to cover each day, they had to be inventive and started using imagination and Skittles ”（由于每天要走很远的路，他们必须发挥创造力，开始使用想象和彩虹糖）可推断，他们用想象和彩虹糖来激励年幼的儿子跟着他们前行，故而划线词的词义为“鼓励，激励”，encouragement“鼓励，激励”与划线词同义，故答案为：Encouragement.



过关检测
（2023·天津北辰·统考模拟预测）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
In 2019, the state of California was on fire. Alexandria Villaseor, who was 13 at the time, witnessed the destruction of Northern California’s Camp Fire, which would go on to burn more than 150,000 acres of land. Villaseor was scared. “That’s when I found out how important climate education was,” she reflected. “And just how much we lacked climate education these past couple of years.”
Villaseor, at the age of 15, was determined to have a bigger conversation. She quickly realized the fight requires international, government-level changes. For her, what started as local concern turned into a year-long protest in front of the United Nations’ New York City headquarters and a global campaign for more compulsory climate education. She sat on a bench in front of the headquarters, begging for the world’s leaders to take climate change seriously.
Her action received national attention, with millions of other students around the world joining in the movement. “It’s completely unacceptable not to learn anything about our planet and our environment in school, after all the young people would inherit the Earth.” Villaseor said, “That’s why I think that climate education is so important, and that’s why I focus a lot on it now.”
Right now, Villaseor is working with the American Administration on its climate plan, which has promised to center on the needs of young people and communities most impacted by climate change. She even spoke at the 2021 Democratic National Convention. “This was definitely a huge moment when I realized that people were listening to the voices of me and youth climate activists.” Villaseor said.
When she isn’t connecting with her fellow youth activists, Villaseor is like most other teens. “My favorite thing to do, of course, is sleep,” she said, “I like to read a lot. I like fantasy books, normally. I also like to write.”
1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us? (no more than 10 words)

2．How did Villaseor make the world’s leaders attach importance to climate education? (no more than 15 words)

3．How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? (no more than 15 words)

4．When was the huge moment to Villaseor? (no more than10 words)

5．What do you think of Villaseor? Please explain in your own words? (no more than 20 words)


【答案】1．Villaseor realized the lack of climate education. 2．By starting a year-long protest to leaders in the UN and a global campaign. 3．Young people would take over the world. 4．When people listened to her and youth climate activists. 5．She is a determined girl. With her efforts, the climate education in school was taken seriously both locally and internationally.

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一个名为Alexandria Villaseor的女孩向联合国领导人发起为期一年的抗议，呼吁重视学校的气候教育问题。
1．考查主旨大意。根据第一段关键句““That’s when I found out how important climate education was,” she reflected. “And just how much we lacked climate education these past couple of years.” (“就在那时，我发现了气候教育的重要性，”她反思道。“在过去的几年里，我们多么缺乏气候教育。”)”可知，第一段主要告诉我们Villaseor意识到了缺乏气候教育的问题。故答案为Villaseor realized the lack of climate education.
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段关键句“For her, what started as local concern turned into a year-long protest in front of the United Nations’ New York City headquarters and a global campaign for more compulsory climate education. (对她来说，一开始是当地的担忧，后来变成了在联合国纽约市总部前长达一年的抗议活动，以及一场要求更多义务气候教育的全球运动)”可知，Villaseor通过向联合国领导人发起为期一年的抗议和全球运动让世界各国领导人重视气候教育。故答案为By starting a year-long protest to leaders in the UN and a global campaign.
3．考查词义猜测。根据画线部分句中“It’s completely unacceptable not to learn anything about our planet and our environment in school (在学校里不了解我们的星球和环境是完全不可接受的)”可知，学校里的年轻人应该了解我们的星球和环境，应该知道保护环境的重要性，因为年轻人是世界的未来，他们将接管世界，由此可知，第三段中带下划线的句子表示的是“年轻人将接管世界”。故答案为Young people would take over the world.
4．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段关键句““This was definitely a huge moment when I realized that people were listening to the voices of me and youth climate activists.” Villaseor said. (Villaseor说：“当我意识到人们在倾听我和青年气候活动家的声音时，这绝对是一个巨大的时刻。”)”可知，当人们倾听她和青年气候活动家的声音时，对她来说是一个重大时刻。故答案为When people listened to her and youth climate activists.
5．开放性试题。根据第二段关键句“For her, what started as local concern turned into a year-long protest in front of the United Nations’ New York City headquarters and a global campaign for more compulsory climate education. (对她来说，一开始是当地的担忧，后来变成了在联合国纽约市总部前长达一年的抗议活动，以及一场要求更多义务气候教育的全球运动)”和倒数第二段关键句“Right now, Villaseor is working with the American Administration on its climate plan, which has promised to center on the needs of young people and communities most impacted by climate change. (目前，Villaseor正在与美国政府合作制定气候计划，该计划承诺以受气候变化影响最严重的年轻人和社区的需求为中心)”可知，Villaseor是一个意志坚定的女孩，在她的努力下，学校的气候教育在当地和国际上都得到了重视，此题为开放性试题，答案言之有理即可。故答案为She is a determined girl. With her efforts, the climate education in school was taken seriously both locally and internationally.
（2023·北京·北京交通大学附属中学校考三模）阅读下面短文，根据题后要求回答问题。
Fashion’s Melt Down
Throwaway culture is trashing the planet—but one young chemical engineer has her own way to turn it over.
Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. We buy more clothes, more often–but we wear them less. Alina Bassi, founder of Kleiderly, wants to give our clothing waste another chance at a useful life.
Bassi has always cared about the threat of climate change, but she actually started her career in the oil industry. After a few years, she landed at bio-bean, a startup that turned waste coffee grounds into products that could be burnt for heat and fuel. After a year, Bassi was keen to branch out—used coffee grounds are not the biggest threat facing the planet. Instead, she poured her efforts into tackling a much bigger global polluter: the fashion industry.
According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050. But they don’t last long enough to offset(抵消) the carbon cost of producing the material, creating the clothes, and then shipping them to customers. “It makes no sense that we have such a high carbon footprint for something so short-lived.” Bassi says.
Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi has developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture.
Fashion companies have some other ways to reduce fashion waste, from creating clothes designed to last, to recycling the fabric to make more clothing. But “a problem this big needs multiple solutions,” Bassi says. “We think about the multiple lives of a product and how we can keep reusing it instead of letting it fall into landfills or incinerators (焚化炉),” she says.
6．Why did Bassi switch her focus to the fashion industry?

7．How did she tackle the problems caused by the fashion industry?

8．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
● Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing.

9．Please briefly present your own solution(s) to the throwaway problem in daily life. (about 40 words)


【答案】6．Because it’s a much bigger global polluter. 7．Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic.
Bassi used the principles of a circular economy and developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. 8．Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing.
According to the passage, the new material can be used to make different products. 9．I think an effective solution is to reduce the use of disposable items, such as using reusable water bottles, purchasing reusable shopping bags, and reducing the use of single-use items like plastic bags and straws.
【导语】本文是新闻报道。讲述了一次性文化正在破坏这个星球，但一位年轻的化学工程师Bassi有她自己的方法来扭转这一局面。
6．考查推理判断。根据第四段“According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, we produce 100 billion items of clothing per year, and this is set to double by 2050. But they don’t last long enough to offset(抵消) the carbon cost of producing the material, creating the clothes, and then shipping them to customers. “It makes no sense that we have such a high carbon footprint for something so short-lived.” Bassi says.(根据艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会的数据，我们每年生产1000亿件衣服，到2050年，这一数字将翻一番。但它们持续的时间不够长，不足以抵消生产材料、制作衣服、然后运送给客户的碳成本。“如此短暂的事物产生如此高的碳足迹是没有道理的。”Bassi说。)”可知，Bassi把她的注意力转向了时尚行业是因为，衣服已成为更大的全球污染源。故回答：Because it’s a much bigger global polluter.
7．考查细节理解。根据第五段“Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi has developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic. This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture.(Bassi利用循环经济的原则，开发了一种低能耗、多阶段的工艺，将服装纤维转化为油基塑料的替代品。这种新塑料可以在制造商现有的机器中使用，这样你的旧t恤和牛仔裤就会变成不同的产品，而不是衣服，比如衣架，甚至家具)”可知，Bassi利用循环经济的原则，开发了一种低能耗、多阶段的工艺，将服装纤维转化为油基塑料的替代品。故回答：Using the principles of a circular economy, Bassi developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibres into an alternative to oil-based plastic.
8．考查细节理解。根据第五段“This new plastic can then be used by manufacturers in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans will become different products instead of clothes, such as clothing hangers, or even furniture.(这种新塑料可以在制造商现有的机器中使用，这样你的旧t恤和牛仔裤就会变成不同的产品，而不是衣服，比如衣架，甚至家具)”可知，“Kleiderly can change old jackets and trousers into a new material, which can be used to make more clothing.”这句中，“more clothing”表述错误，因为根据文中内容可知，你的旧t恤和牛仔裤就会变成不同的产品，而不是更多衣服。故回答：According to the passage, the new material can be used to make different products.
9．开放性试题。我认为一个有效的方法是减少使用一次性用品，例如使用可重复使用的水瓶，购买可重复使用的购物袋，并减少使用塑料袋和吸管等一次性物品。故回答：I think an effective solution is to reduce the use of disposable items, such as using reusable water bottles, purchasing reusable shopping bags, and reducing the use of single-use items like plastic bags and straws.
（2023·北京·清华附中校考三模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。
For years, psychologists have known how to measure the intelligence of individuals, but only recently have they begun to investigate the issue of group intelligence. This notion stems from the observation that some groups seem to work fantastically across tasks, even tasks that are not very similar. Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it. So what is the secret to their success?
Researchers at Google have tackled this question. They collected thousands of data points on hundreds of groups and combed through them trying to find patterns. Are the members of effective groups friends outside of work? Do groups whose members have similar personalities or backgrounds work together best? They put forward many theories but found no patters to support them.
In fact, who was in the group apparently did not seem to make a difference; instead, the difference between more and less effective groups seemed to lie in the interaction among the members. In effective groups, members spoke for a roughly equal amount of time—not at every meeting or interaction, but across the course of a project. Additionally, in effective groups, members face one another directly when they speak, using energetic and enthusiastic gestures. Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a distraction, actually increased the group’s productivity. The positive behaviors uncovered in the study occur exclusively in face-to-face interaction.
One might argue that most of these findings are extremely obvious, and needless to say, good managers have probably always understood the principles. However, understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. The reason is that our social and professional lives are not always structured in ways that facilitate the kind of interaction that apparently underlines effective group performance.
10．What is the finding of previous studies on group intelligence?

11．Why is it important for people to understand group intelligence?

12．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
▶Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency.

13．Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other way(s) can we use to improve group intelligence?(In about 40 words)


【答案】10．Previous studies found that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it. 11．Because understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance. 12．Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrong, because side conversations won’t distract members. 13．There are other ways to improve group intelligence, such as fostering mutual respect between group members, encouraging members to value each other’s contributions, opinions and setting clear and achievable goals.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍关于影响群体智力的因素的研究和研究的意义。
10．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Early investigations suggest that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.(早期的研究表明，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和)”可知，先前的研究发现，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和。故答案为Previous studies found that group intelligence is not the sum of the intelligence of the individuals in it.
11．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“However, understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance.(然而，了解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效)”可知，理解群体智力很重要是因为理解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效。故答案为Because understanding group intelligence can help business and other organizations make the fundamental changes necessary to improve group performance.
12．考查推理判断。根据第三段中“Moreover, side conversations between individual members during meetings, far from being a distraction, actually increased the group’s productivity.(此外，在会议期间，个别成员之间的谈话非但不会分散注意力，反而提高了团队的生产力。)”可知，句中“distract members”错误，因为个别成员之间的谈话不会分散注意力。故答案为Although side conversations distract members during meetings, they can help to boost the group’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrong, because side conversations won’t distract members.
13．开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：可以提高团队智力的方法有很多，比如培养团队成员之间的相互尊重，鼓励成员重视彼此的贡献和意见，以及设定明确和可实现的目标。故答案为There are other ways to improve group intelligence, such as fostering mutual respect between group members, encouraging members to value each other’s contributions, opinions and setting clear and achievable goals.
（2023·北京·人大附中校考三模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“I can’t” might actually mean “I don’t want to,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m confused,” or even “I don’t know how.” And after parsing out hidden meanings for the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhood gymnastics coach had put a gym-wide ban on the phrase.
Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again. It wasn’t that he wanted people to do things beyond their skill or safety level. The policy was against the words themselves. He felt they were a shield to hide behind instead of admitting more useful and actionable hesitations. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never done it by myself.” “I need to rest a few minutes before I try.” “I’m embarrassed to try in front of other people.” “I don’t want to, because...”.
Academic experiences can follow the same pattern. Answering unexpected questions or trying a new protocol in front of an audience can be crippling, Homework problems can compound and seem to get worse with each try instead of better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because sometimes it’s easier than “I am so frustrated and exhausted that I want to cry,” “This makes me feel so dumb,” or even “I need help.”
As an asthmatic, my most vivid memories come from the annual hazing ritual known as the gym-class mile run. For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” My heart still starts to race just thinking of the number of times my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of course, you can.”
But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t. So why try? The number of laps I have avoided with well-timed bathroom breaks is staggering. I can’t go back and tell my childhood self that the mile run wasn’t worth the anticipatory anxiety. But I can remember how badly I wished even one classmate had acknowledged that I had barely missed the school record in sit-and- reach instead of teasing me about laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can so often mean something else. And I can take the time to try to ask the right questions, so that I can say something more useful in response than “Of course you can.”
14．What were people supposed to do if they said “I can’t” in my childhood gymnastics?

15．What does “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run?

16．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.

17．Describe one of your experiences of dealing with “I can’t”. (In about 40 words)


【答案】14．50 push-ups 15．“I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.” 16．There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.
According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”. 17．I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem, helping me to understand it better.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。有时候，当人们说“我不能”时，他们并不是说他们没有能力做某事，而是他们害怕、困惑或不知道如何做。作者提醒人们，说“我不能”比承认自己需要帮助、害怕或沮丧要容易得多。说“我不能”的时候，其实我们想说的是别的，所以我们应该试着使用更有帮助的词语，这样我们才能得到我们需要的帮助。
14．考查细节理解。根据第段二中“Anyone who used it, even the other coaches, had to do 50 push-ups before trying conversation again.(任何使用它的人，即使是其他教练，在尝试再次交谈之前都必须做50个俯卧撑)”可知，在我小时候的体操训练中，如果有人说“我不能”，他会被罚做50个俯卧撑。故答案为50 push-ups。
15．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“For me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”(对我来说，“我不能”实际上意味着“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”)”可知，我在体育课上说“我不能”的意思是：“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”故答案为“I’m afraid of having an asthma attack in front of all of my classmates,” and “It’s so embarrassing to run and be laps behind my peers; I would rather shield my ego from the hit by intentionally walking the whole thing, so please leave me alone.”
16．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“But letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t” can do more damage than just hiding our deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the people around us, start to believe it. I know there are things I have stopped trying because, well, I just can’t.(但是，让我们求助于“我不能”比隐藏我们更深层次的感受会造成更大的伤害。最终，我们和我们周围的人开始相信这一点。我知道有些事情我已经不再尝试了，因为，嗯，我就是不能。)”可知，作者停止尝试是因为自己相信“我不能”，而不是真正“没有能力去做”。所以句中“the fact that I am not able to do that.”表述错误。故答案为There are things I have stopped trying because of the fact that I am not able to do that.    According to the passage, there are things I have stopped trying because I started to believe I can’t after letting ourselves fall back on the “I can’t”.
17．开放性问题。言之有理，注意词数限制即可。故答案为I remember struggling with a difficult math problem and feeling overwhelmed. I wanted to give up, but instead of saying “I can’t,” I told my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me through the problem, helping me to understand it better.
（2023·北京·北京四中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process — taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one’s personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the choices available and then making the decision.
Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.” People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. “While good judgment is important to success,” Sir Andrew cautions, “success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.”
The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, “I won’t get vaccinated” or “I won’t pay my bills”). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.
18．What’s Sir Andrew’s definition of judgement?

19．Why aren’t expert knowledge and making judgments the same thing?

20．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.

21．Do you agree that humans “retain an edge over machines” in terms of making judgements? Why or why not? (In about 40 words)


【答案】18．He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions./The combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions. 19．Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don’t necessarily have judgment. 20．Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.
According to the passage, with enough practice, machines may be able to recognize implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. 21．Yes. For one thing, humans possess common sense and intuition, which allows them to make judgments based on their prior experiences and knowledge of the world; for another, humans possess emotional intelligence, which allows them to recognize and understand emotions in themselves and others, allowing them to make better judgements.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了判断力的定义，判断力与专业知识的区别，责任多少对判断力的影响，以及机器在判断力方面的表现和发展。
18．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is “the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions”.(伦敦商学院Andrew Likierman爵士认为，判断力是“将个人品质与相关知识和经验结合起来，形成观点并做出决定”。)”可知，Andrew爵士对于判断力的定义是将个人品质与相关知识和经验结合起来，形成观点并做出决定。故答案为：He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions./The combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions.
19．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are not the same thing. “Academics have expert knowledge,” Sir Andrew observes. “They don’t necessarily have judgment.”(专业知识在做出判断时很有用。但它们不是一回事。“学者拥有专业知识，”Andrew爵士评论道。“他们不一定有判断力。”)”可知，专业知识和做出判断不是一回事的原因在于有些人也许拥有专业知识，但是不一定具有判断力。故答案为：Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don’t necessarily have judgment.
20．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Though artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment.(虽然人工智能越来越多地用于服务行业的日常任务，但判断力可能是人类比机器保持优势的一个领域。然而，这还远不能确定。经过足够的练习，机器可能能够识别这些隐含的线索，从而显示出相当于良好判断力的能力。)”可知，“人工智能广泛运用于日常任务”与文章内容相符，“它永远不能像人类那样做出判断”与文章内容不符，因为通过足够的练习，机器可能能够识别出隐含的线索，从而显示出相当于良好判断力的能力。故答案为：Although artificial intelligence is widely used for routine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.及According to the passage, with enough practice, machines may be able to recognize implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment.
21．开放性问题。题目要求对“在做出判断方面，人类‘比机器保持优势’”发表观点，表明同意或者不同意，并给出相应的理由，为开放性的题目，答案合理即可。例如，如果同意这一观点的话，可以结合自己的认知说明两点理由，人类可以凭借常识和直觉，利用先前的经验和对世界的了解做出判断，以及人类具有机器不具有的情绪智力，可以识别并理解自己和他人的情绪，从而做出更好的判断。故答案可为：Yes. For one thing, humans possess common sense and intuition, which allows them to make judgments based on their prior experiences and knowledge of the world; for another, humans possess emotional intelligence, which allows them to recognize and understand emotions in themselves and others, allowing them to make better judgements.
（2023·天津·耀华中学校考二模）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
When Brantley Harrison and her family rescued a tiny, injured squirrel back, then released her back into the wild, they didn’t expect to ever see her again. Nine years later, however, little Bella, they called the squirrel Bella, still comes to visit them almost every day—as long as snacks are provided, of course.
As a baby, the terrible attack made by an owl (猫头鹰) left Bella near death, she was carefully taken in by the Greenville County, South Carolina family, and raised by them alongside three other squirrels named Larry, Curly, and Moe. Bella stayed with the Harrisons until she had healed successfully thanks to a regular diet of fruit, nuts, and baby food, and was ready to jump on the trees in the forest. The sweet squirrel never goes too far from her adopted home, though, and stops by to say hello whenever she can, despite how much time has passed.
“Bella sits right at the front door waiting for someone to notice she has come by for a visit. If no one notices her, she will jump over to the dining room window to wait for someone to see her,” Brantley told The Dodo. The little lady just isn’t ready to part with the family that succored her life. Whenever she stops by, she asks for nothing more than a handful of nuts.
What is the most amazing part? A few years after Bella’s original stay at the Harrison house, she found her way back to them with an injured foot—and a belly full of babies—spending another few months of recovering. “It was truly amazing to watch the baby I raised raise her own babies,” Brantley said. Bella now even has her own Instagram page, where her human family documents her adventures, with almost 4 thousand followers!
22．What happened after little Bella was injured by an owl? (No more than 10 words)

23．How did the Harrisons take care of little Bella? (No more than 15 words)

24．What does the underlined word in the third paragraph mean? (Only 1 word)

25．What brought Bella back to the Harrisons a few years after its original stay? (No more than 10 words)

26．How does Bella’s story inspire you? Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20words)


【答案】22．It/she was saved/rescued by the Harrisons/family. 23．They fed it/her on regular diet of fruit, nuts and baby food.
OR: They provided it/her with a regular diet of fruit, nuts and baby food.
OR: By giving/offering it/her a regular diet of fruit, nuts and baby food. 24．Saved/rescued 25．An injured foot and a belly full of babies.
OR: Its/her injured foot and coming babies.
OR: Its/her injured foot and the babies in her belly.
OR: That it was pregnant/had babies on the way and injured (in the foot). 26．I will do whatever I can to protect animals and live with them in harmony.
【导语】本文为记叙文。本文叙述了人类与动物之间美好而感人的友谊。一只可爱的小松鼠贝拉被布兰特利•哈里森和她的家人救了，伤愈后放归野外，却不愿与救她的家庭分开。9年后，松鼠贝拉仍然几乎每天都来看望他们，哈里森一家还在网上记录了小松鼠的冒险经历。
22．考查细节理解。根据第二段“As a baby, the terrible attack made by an owl (猫头鹰) left Bella near death, she was carefully taken in by the Greenville County, South Carolina family, and raised by them alongside three other squirrels named Larry, Curly, and Moe.(小时候，一只猫头鹰的可怕袭击使贝拉濒临死亡，她被南卡罗来纳州格林维尔县的一户人家精心收养，和另外三只松鼠——拉里、科利和莫伊——一起抚养长大)”可知，小贝拉被猫头鹰弄伤后它(她)被哈里森一家救了。故答案为It/she was saved/rescued by the Harrisons/family.
23．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Bella stayed with the Harrisons until she had healed successfully thanks to a regular diet of fruit, nuts, and baby food, and was ready to jump on the trees in the forest.(贝拉一直和哈里森一家待在一起，直到她通过定期进食水果、坚果和婴儿食品成功康复，并准备在森林里的树上跳来跳去)”可知，哈里森一家用水果、坚果和婴儿食品喂养它/她。故答案为They fed it/her on regular diet of fruit, nuts and baby food. OR: They provided it/her with a regular diet of fruit, nuts and baby food. OR: By giving/offering it/her a regular diet of fruit, nuts and baby food.
24．考查词句猜测。根据第一段“2010年10月，布兰特利·哈里森和她的家人救了（rescued）一只受伤的小松鼠，然后把她放归野外。然而，9年后，他们叫小贝拉的松鼠仍然几乎每天都来看望他们。”可知，小松鼠常来看望救她的家庭。因此“The little lady just isn’t ready to part with the family that succored her life.”可知，她还没准备好和救她的家庭分开。由此可判断出“succored”意为“saved/rescued”。
25．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“A few years after Bella’s original stay at the Harrison house, she found her way back to them with an injured foot—and a belly full of babies—spending another few months of recovering.(贝拉最初住在哈里森家几年后，她带着一只受伤的脚和一肚子的孩子回到了他们身边，又花了几个月的时间恢复)”可知，一只脚受伤了，怀孕让贝拉在最初的几年后又回到了哈里森家。故答案为An injured foot and a belly full of babies. OR: Its/her injured foot and coming babies. OR: Its/her injured foot and the babies in her belly. OR: That it was pregnant/had babies on the way and injured (in the foot).
26．考查开放题。根据“贝拉的故事对你有什么启发？请用你自己的话解释。”可回答，我将尽我所能保护动物，并与它们和谐相处。故答案为I will do whatever I can to protect animals and live with them in harmony.
（2023·北京·首都师范大学附属中学校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The term “nostalgia” was first coined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return. However, today we have a much more positive attitude to nostalgia. It’s a great example of the benefits of a strong memory.
In numerous scientific experiments, researchers have found that subjects are much more likely to report positive feelings from a given piece of music if they’ve heard it before. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”, because memory skills can take people into the future, too. Decades of studies have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards. For example, athletes who practice by mentally visualizing and imagining successful performances in the future do perform better.
All these findings are inspiring and attractive. How could you become a confident time traveler to the past or into the future? Here are some tips for you:
·To take pleasure in helpful memories, maybe to reawaken happy feelings, use all your senses—not just sight. Smell, taste, touch and sound will also help you to recreate the past in rich clarity.
·If you find a memory that’s particularly helpful—for reassurance, say—keep using it!
You’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers of detail each time.
·When you’re procrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished, and use that positive image to drive you into action.
·Ahead of major challenges, imagine the full impact of success. Don’t just picture yourself getting that great job: fill your mind with the really big ways it’s going to change your life.
There’ll still be times when old thoughts remind you of sadness, or you’re anxious about what’s next. But the more you learn to control your memory, the better you’ll be at mining your past, and shaping your future, to be your best self now.
27．What did nostalgia originally mean?

28．What have the researchers found about time travel?

29．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
➢Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.

30．Describe one of the helpful time-travel experiences in your life. (In about 40 words)


【答案】27．A mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return. 28．They have found that time travel to the past and into the future both bring benefits to us. 29．ØMemory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.
Because we  should use a positive end result to drive us into action when procrastinating. 30．(1) I often imagine myself attending my ideal university in September 2023 to cheer myself up. Picturing myself wandering on the campus and enjoying the harvest in the golden autumn can give me the motivation to overcome nervousness and stress at present with an optimistic attitude and in full gear.
(2) I recall the time of winning the first prize in a speech contest two years ago. Standing on the stage reaching out for the prize, I was filled with pride. This experience serves as a constant source of encouragement and confidence for me to keep working hard to improve myself.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就怎样才能成为一个自信的时间旅行者，穿越到过去或未来提出建议。
27．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“The term “nostalgia” was first coined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return.(“怀旧”一词最早出现于1688年，被定义为一种士兵的精神疾病，他们会不断地想念自己的家园，渴望回归。)”可知，“怀旧”原意为军人不断思念故土、渴望回归的一种心理疾病。故答案是：A mental illness of soldiers continually thinking about their homeland and longing for return.
28．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“In numerous scientific experiments, researchers have found that subjects are much more likely to report positive feelings from a given piece of music if they’ve heard it before. But there’s also a growing body of research into time travel “the other way”, because memory skills can take people into the future, too. Decades of studies have shown that time travel into the future can bring a whole new set of rewards.(在许多科学实验中，研究人员发现，如果受试者以前听过某段音乐，他们更有可能从这段音乐中获得积极的感觉。但也有越来越多的研究以“另一种方式”进行时间旅行，因为记忆技能也可以把人们带到未来。几十年的研究表明，穿越到未来可以带来一系列全新的回报。)”可知，研究人员发现时间旅行到过去和到未来都会给我们带来好处。故答案是：They have found that time travel to the past and into the future both bring benefits to us.
29．考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第三段“When you’re procrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash forward to see the floor swept or the essay finished, and use that positive image to drive you into action.(当你在拖延的时候，想象一下最终的结果。快进到看到扫地或文章写完了，用这些积极的形象来推动你行动起来。)”可知，记忆力可以把我们带到未来，所以我们应该想象一个积极的最终结果来推动我们在拖延的时候采取行动。故答案是：Memory skills can bring us into the future, so we should imagine a negative end result to drive us into action when procrastinating. Because we should use a positive end result to drive us into action when procrastinating.
30．开放性试题。(1) I often imagine myself attending my ideal university in September 2023 to cheer myself up. Picturing myself wandering on the campus and enjoying the harvest in the golden autumn can give me the motivation to overcome nervousness and stress at present with an optimistic attitude and in full gear.
(2) I recall the time of winning the first prize in a speech contest two years ago. Standing on the stage reaching out for the prize, I was filled with pride. This experience serves as a constant source of encouragement and confidence for me to keep working hard to improve myself.
(答案仅供参考，言之有理即可。)
（2023·北京海淀·三模）阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
The Weight of White Lies
A man taking his mother to a surprise party tells her they’re going to the mall. A woman fibs that the store was out of her overweight boyfriend’s favorite junk food. A tutor assures his student that her spotty resumé looks fine.
Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate  someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire.
In recent experiments, participants playing an economic game on a computer received a tip that led them to one of two possible payoffs. Some learned that the sender of the tip had lied to them to secure them a particular option. If the best option had been debatable rather than obvious—such as receiving $10 right away rather than $30 after three months—participants judged that person as less moral for lying and were less satisfied with the outcome, on average, even if it was the one they had previously said they preferred. “People seem to feel they have a right to the truth, and that by taking that away, you diminish their ability to act freely,” says study co-author Matthew Lupoli, a Ph.D．candidate at the University of California, San Diego.
Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts. Recent studies by University of Chicago researcher Emma Levine and colleagues examined both types of lie in hypothetical patient-doctor talks and other contexts.
People in the role of deceiver tended to view the omission of potentially harmful details (such as a poor prognosis) as comparable to or more acceptable than offering a comforting fiction (that a patient’s outlook was favorable). But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. For deceivers, actively committing a lie feels more intentional and might provoke more guilt than omission, Levine says. But the targets of deception “aren’t likely to be sensitive to these differences because they just experience the consequences.”
In general, honesty is probably still the best policy. A lie that provides some emotional benefits and has little downside could be the closest second.
31．What is the presumption people make when telling a white lie (a lie that’s meant to be good)?

32．What are the ways to kindly deceive others?

33．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements.

34．Do you prefer to be honest or tell a white lie when informing your friend of something unpleasant? Why? (In about 40 words)


【答案】31．①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable.
②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. 32．Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts. 33．Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements.According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. (The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.) 34．I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship. While it may be uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了善意谎言的分量以及相关实验和研究。
31．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate  someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire.(即使是善意的欺骗形式也有可接受的程度，而那些知道自己被误导的人并不总是像骗子那样看待它。例如，一个旨在增强某人信心或阻止一个坏习惯的谎言，通常涉及对那个人最好的判断。这种假设可能会适得其反)”可知，当人们说善意的谎言时，他们的假设是他们认为他们所做的是对那个人最好的，是可以接受的。或它通常包括判断什么对那个人是最好的。故答案为①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable. ②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person.
32．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts.(不过，编造谎言并不是善意欺骗的唯一方式：你也可以简单地忽略不愉快的事实)”可知，善意欺骗别人的方法有编造谎言，忽略令人不快的事实。故答案为Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts.
33．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission.(但那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持性的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍)”可知，错误的部分为“lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements”，根据这篇文章，那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍。（划线部分是错误的，因为它与文中的陈述相反）故答案为Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. (The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.)
34．考查开放题。根据“当你告诉你的朋友一些不愉快的事情时，你是喜欢诚实还是善意的谎言？为什么？”可回答：我更喜欢诚实。众所周知，诚实是与朋友交往的上策，这有助于保持珍贵的友谊。虽然这可能会让人不舒服，但诚实可以建立信任，防止进一步的误解或冲突。相反，善意的谎言会破坏信任，从长远来看会导致更严重的问题。故答案为I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship. While it may be uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run.
（2023·天津河北·统考二模）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Monday started as an ordinary day for Shannon St. Onge, who lived in Pense, a town in Saskatchewan, Canada. She drove the approximately 25 kilometres east into Regina for work.
She kept an eye on highway conditions throughout the day. The weather network was warning of a blizzard. Expected start time was at around 7 pm, but she thought she could make it. “I bought a takeout for the kids, filled my gas tank, replaced my broken phone charger and then headed home around 5:30 before the storm hit,” she wrote in a Facebook post.
She took a dirt road because she thought it would be better for the winter driving conditions. Just as the pavement turned into gravel (碎石路), the wind picked up and visibility started to diminish (降低). She drove at a snail’s pace with her window rolled down, using the edge as her guide. After a while she realized she was lost. Whiteout conditions left her confused.
She could make out a sign that said “Bouvier Lane,” giving her some sense of where she was. Then she posted her location on the Pense community Facebook page in hopes that someone might be able to find her. That was when 80-year-old Andre Bouvier Sr. figured out her location. Despite his wife’s concern for his well-being, he decided to help her and headed out in the storm.
He bundled up (使穿得暖和), grabbed an LED flashlight and walked about half a kilometre into the raging storm to search for St. Onge’s car. To Bouvier’s surprise, he found two other cars with people who also needed help trapped alongside St. Onge. He led the seven lost people back to his home and welcomed them in for the evening.
Bouvier became a hero overnight. Bouvier didn’t want much credit for his efforts for a stranger in need. “Everybody would have done the same thing,” he said. “You don’t think about it; you just do it.”
35．Why did St. Onge still drive home although she heard about the approaching blizzard? (no more than 10 words)

36．What made driving difficult according to Paragraph 3? (no more than 10 words)

37．How do you understand the underlined word in Paragraph 5? (1 word)

38．How did Bouvier help the lost people? (no more than 15 words)

39．What do you think of Bouvier? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)


【答案】35．Because she thought she could make it. / Because she thought she would get homeback before the blizzard. 36．That the wind picked up and visibility diminished. 37．Fierce. / Violent. / Strong. / Heavy. / Powerful. 38．He walked into the storm to find lost people and led them to his home. 39．Open/kindhearted. Because he took the risk of his own safety to help strangers.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位80岁的老人Andre Bouvier Sr.在暴风雨中去营救迷路的一位女子Shannon St. Onge，意外救了另外六人并留宿他们的暖心故事。
35．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Expected start time was at around 7 pm, but she thought she could make it. ‘I bought a takeout for the kids, filled my gas tank, replaced my broken phone charger and then headed home around 5:30 before the storm hit,’ she wrote in a Facebook post.(预计开始时间是晚上7点左右，但她认为自己能赶上。她在脸书上写道：‘我给孩子们买了外卖，加满油，换了坏掉的手机充电器，然后在暴风雨来袭前5点半左右回家’)”可知，她做好了准备，计算好了时间，认为自己可以在暴风雨来临前成功到家。故答案为Because she thought she could make it. / Because she thought she would get home before the blizzard.
36．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Just as the pavement turned into gravel (碎石路), the wind picked up and visibility started to diminish (降低). She drove at a snail’s pace with her window rolled down, using the edge as her guide. After a while she realized she was lost.(就在人行道变成砾石的时候，风开始刮起来，能见度开始下降。她摇下车窗，以边缘为向导，以蜗牛般的速度开车。过了一会儿，她意识到自己迷路了)”可知，是因为风越来越大，能见度降低是她开车行驶变得越来越难。故答案为That the wind picked up and visibility diminished.
37．考查词义猜测。根据上文Shannon St. Onge在暴风雨中迷失方向及划线词下一句“To Bouvier’s surprise, he found two other cars with people who also needed help trapped alongside St. Onge.(令布维耶惊讶的是，他发现另外两辆车也有需要帮助的人被困在St. Onge旁边)”可知，那么多人因为暴风雨而迷路，由此可知，暴风雨非常猛烈。故答案为Fierce. / Violent. / Strong. / Heavy. / Powerful.
38．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Despite his wife’s concern for his well-being, he decided to help her and headed out in the storm. (尽管他的妻子担心他的健康，他还是决定帮助她，并在暴风雨中出发了)”及第五段“He bundled up (使穿得暖和), grabbed an LED flashlight and walked about half a kilometre into the raging storm to search for St. Onge’s car. To Bouvier’s surprise, he found two other cars with people who also needed help trapped alongside St. Onge. He led the seven lost people back to his home and welcomed them in for the evening.(他穿上暖和的衣服，拿起一个LED手电筒，在狂风暴雨中走了大约半公里，寻找St. Onge的车。令布维耶惊讶的是，他发现另外两辆车也有需要帮助的人被困在St. Onge旁边。他把这七个迷路的人带回了自己的家，并欢迎他们在家里过夜)”可知。老人冒着暴风雨去找到迷路的人，并且把他们带回自己家过夜。故答案为He walked into the storm to find lost people and led them to his home.
39．考查推理判断。根据第四段“Then she posted her location on the Pense community Facebook page in hopes that someone might be able to find her. That was when 80-year-old Andre Bouvier Sr. figured out her location. Despite his wife’s concern for his well-being, he decided to help her and headed out in the storm.(然后，她在Pense社区的Facebook页面上发布了自己的位置，希望有人能找到她。就在那时，80岁的老安德烈·布维耶发现了她的位置。尽管他的妻子担心他的健康，他还是决定帮助她，并在暴风雨中出发了)”及第五段“He led the seven lost people back to his home and welcomed them in for the evening.(他把这七个迷路的人带回了自己的家，并欢迎他们在家里过夜)”可知，老人自己年纪大，暴风雨又那么危险，老人去解救遇险的陌生人，并带他们回自己家过夜，可见老人心胸宽广，无私善良。故答案为Open/kindhearted. Because he took the risk of his own safety to help strangers.
（2023·天津·校联考二模）阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。
My neighbor Josie was a good cook and college professor. We have been good friends for many years. Each early morning, Josie would invite me to join her in walking and she would make breakfast for me as a reward!
Josie planted a lovely garden. Every flower and vegetable made its debut (首秀) once a year. There were so many kinds that I could not even recognize what was growing, and we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood all summer long!
Each evening, Josie and I would sit in front of the garden. We would have a chat, exchanging our world views as well as funny jokes. However, one evening, Josie was a “no-show”. Then I heard the ambulance and saw her husband and children running outside. Josie suffered a stroke (中风).
Later, when I set eyes on her, she was in a wheelchair, covered in a thick blanket. She looked smaller and older than before. But how she chose to face it made me surprised. During the days when Josie had some strength, her husband wheeled her into the living room, and they watched old movies together. She called it “date time”. And during the most special days when Josie was doing well, her husband took her for a walk outside in her wheelchair. She called it “going on vacation”. Despite the fact that Josie was not expected to make a full recovery, they continued to watch movies and took lots of mini-vacations.
She is grateful for listening to her grandchildren telling stories to her, smelling a summer barbecue, sharing a laugh with her favorite neighbor, and being here for another day. I am thankful for her simple life lesson: Find the positive, and you will find your reason to live.
40．What was Josie like before she suffered a stroke? (no more than 10 words)

41．How was Josie’s skill in gardening? (no more than 5 words)

42．How can we understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3? (no more than 5 words)

43．What made the author surprised after Josie suffered the stroke? (no more than 10 words)

44．How does Josie’s story inspire you? Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words)


【答案】40．She was active and enthusiastic about life./She was an active and enthusiastic person. 41．Excellent./Great. 42．Josie didn’t appear./Josie didn’t come. 43．That Joise chose to face her life positively. 44．We should be positive and always see the bright side of life when things are bad.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的邻居Josie是一个积极的、充满热情的人，喜欢散步，善于烹饪，园艺技术高超，乐于分享和沟通，一次中风后Josie再也无法完全恢复了，但是她依旧抱有热情，乐观地对待生活，作者从她身上学到了很多。
40．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Each early morning, Josie would invite me to join her in walking and she would make breakfast for me as a reward!（每天清晨，Josie都会邀请我和她一起散步，她会为我做早餐作为奖励！）”、第二段中“Josie planted a lovely garden.（Josie种了一个漂亮的花园。）”和第三段中“We would have a chat, exchanging our world views as well as funny jokes.（我们会聊天，交流我们的世界观以及有趣的笑话。）”可知，中风以前的Josie喜欢散步，善于烹饪，园艺技术高超，乐于分享和沟通。由此推知，她对生活的态度是积极的、富有热情的，或者说她是个积极而富有热情的人。故答案为She was active and enthusiastic about life./She was an active and enthusiastic person.。
41．推理判断题。根据第二段“Josie planted a lovely garden. Every flower and vegetable made its debut (首秀) once a year. There were so many kinds that I could not even recognize what was growing, and we had the freshest salads in the neighborhood all summer long!（Josie种了一个漂亮的花园。每一种花和蔬菜每年都有一次首次亮相。蔬菜的种类太多了，我甚至都不知道是什么在长。整个夏天，我们吃的沙拉都是附近最新鲜的！）”可知，Josie的花园非常美丽，鲜花和蔬菜种类丰富，非常新鲜。由此推知，她的园艺技术非常棒。故答案为Excellent./Great.。
42．词句猜测题。根据画线句下文“Then I heard the ambulance and saw her husband and children running outside. Josie suffered a stroke (中风).（然后我听到救护车的声音，看到她的丈夫和孩子们跑到外面。Josie中风了。）”可知，那一晚Josie中风了，被送去抢救，所以没有出现。故答案为Josie didn’t appear./Josie didn’t come.。
43．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Despite the fact that Josie was not expected to make a full recovery, they continued to watch movies and took lots of mini-vacations.（尽管Josie预计不会完全康复，但他们继续看电影，并度过了许多迷你假期。）”可知，面对生活的不幸，Josie并没有悲观失望，而是积极地面对，用热情、充满希望的方式去度过生活。由此推知，令作者感到惊讶的是Josie选择积极地面对生活。故答案为That Joise chose to face her life positively.。
44．推理判断题。通读全文可知，Josie是一个积极的、充满热情的人，喜欢散步，善于烹饪，园艺技术高超，乐于分享和沟通，即使是中风后Josie再也无法完全恢复了，她依旧抱有热情，乐观地对待生活。她这样积极对待生活的态度，和面对不顺依旧乐观的精神启发着读者。故答案为We should be positive and always see the bright side of life when things are bad.。
（2023·天津河西·统考三模）阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
Meet Mahdi Gilbert, the 25-year-old Canadian magician making waves in the world of magic. He practices card manipulation (握牌手法) and sleight of hand (敏捷手法), a common skill set for a magician, but what makes him different is his lack of hands.
Standing at four feet and six inches, Gilbert’s left arm stops at the elbow, and he has an appendage (附肢) on his right arm. Gilbert was forced to reinvent magic for himself, individually recreating all of the techniques used in his mind. Despite his lack of access to information about magic, having never visited any magic stores, or read any magic books, Gilbert confidently told his high school guidance teacher. “I’m going to be a magician.” She asked, “Do you do magic now?” to which he replied “Not yet. But I will.”
Mahdi began seeking out magicians online and on television as a teenager, and soon became a follower of David Blaine. When he was sixteen, Gilbert decided to move away from mental based magic toward more magical tricks. He bought a deck of cards and a book on card manipulation, but he didn’t tell anyone what he was doing. Eventually, he mastered shuffling (洗牌) and then began to master different magical tricks in more complex ways.
He began to make connections with other magicians through magic shops and his reputation began to mount. In March, Gilbert attended Magic-Con, a magic conference in San Diego, where many famous magicians were in attendance, including David Blaine. Gilbert quickly became the talk of the conference, and his reputation took off. In the seven years since that Magic-Con. Gilbert has gone on to appear on television shows and has traveled to and performed in 18 countries.
45．As a magician, what makes Gilbert different from others? (no more than 5 words)

46．How did Gilbert learn magical skills? (no more than 5 words)

47．As a teenager, how did Gilbert feel about his dream? (no more than 10 words)

48．What does the underlined word in the fourth paragraph mean? (1 word)

49．What can you learn from Gilbert’s story? Put it in your own words. (no more than 20 words)


【答案】45．His lack of hands. /That he has no hands. 46．He taught himself. 47．He confidently thought he would realize his dream. 48．Grow. 49．We should have dreams, and hold fast to our dreams, no matter how big or small they are.
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了没有双手的著名魔术师Mahdi Gilbert的成名史。
45．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“He practices card manipulation (握牌手法) and sleight of hand (敏捷手法), a common skill set for a magician, but what makes him different is his lack of hands.(他练习握牌手法和敏捷手法，这是魔术师的一种常见技能，但让他与众不同的是，他没有双手。)”可知，让Gilbert与众不同的是，他没有手，故答案为His lack of hands. /That he has no hands。
46．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Gilbert was forced to reinvent magic for himself, individually recreating all of the techniques used in his mind.( Gilbert被迫为自己重新发明魔法，独自重新创造他脑海中的使用的所有技巧。)”可知，Gilbert是通过自己教自己而学会的魔法技巧，故答案为He taught himself。
47．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Despite his lack of access to information about magic, having never visited any magic stores, or read any magic books, Gilbert confidently told his high school guidance teacher. “I’m going to be a magician.”(尽管无法获得有关魔法的信息，也从未去过任何魔法商店，也没度过任何魔法书，但他自信地告诉他的高中老师，‘我要成为一名魔法师。’)”可知，Gilbert自信地认为他可以成为一名魔法师，故答案为He confidently thought he would realize his dream.。
48．考查词义猜测。根据划线词mount后文的内容“In March, Gilbert attended Magic-Con, a magic conference in San Diego, where many famous magicians were in attendance, including David Blaine. Gilbert quickly became the talk of the conference, and his reputation took off.(3月，Gilbert出席了圣地亚哥举行的魔术师大会，许多著名的魔术师都出席了此会议，其中包括David Blaine。Gilbert很快就成了大会上的讨论，他的名声也随之而起。)”可知，此处的划线词mount意为“提升”，故答案为Grow。
49．考查推理判断。根据文章第一段“Meet Mahdi Gilbert, the 25-year-old Canadian magician making waves in the world of magic. He practices card manipulation (握牌手法) and sleight of hand (敏捷手法), a common skill set for a magician, but what makes him different is his lack of hands.( 他练习握牌手法和敏捷手法，这是魔术师的一种常见技能，但让他与众不同的是，他没有双手。)”可知，本篇文章主要讲述了没有双手Mahdi Gilbert的是如何通过自己的努力和坚持成为一个著名的魔术师，如何将不可能实现的梦想变成现实的，因此从他的故事中我们了解到，我们应该要有梦想，不论梦想是大还是小，我们都应该坚持实现它，故答案为We should have dreams, and hold fast to our dreams, no matter how big or small they are.。
（2023·北京西城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In the mornings, as I walked from the train station to the office, I planned my day by making a to-do list in my head: the scientific articles I would read, the data sets I would analyze, and-most urgent of all-the insights into human nature that it was my job to discover.
Each evening, I went back to the station, again going through my mental checklist but this time sizing up my performance against the expectations I’d set for myself that morning. Time and again, when comparing my to-do list with my got-done list, I felt disappointed because I had fallen short.
But one day, something very strange happened. During my trip home, without any conscious intent, my thoughts began to shift. Instead of feeling bad about my weaknesses, I said aloud very softly: I’m a nice person. I’m a nice person. I’m a nice person.
By the time I boarded my train, I was done with my little chant-until the next day when I walked home. And again, after counting my failures, I found myself saying quietly: I’m a nice person.
It turns out that there’s a technical term for this practice: values affirmation. And what it boils down to is recognizing, and strengthening, the personal values you hold most dear.
When you affirm a core personal value, you shore up your sense of self-worth. You broaden your outlook: Instead of focusing on your shortfalls, you switch to a wide-angle view that includes your resources and opportunities. And the people who do this are happier, healthier, and more hopeful.
Over time, I made progress in my research and learned a lot about what makes most successful people special, including this: Nobody has passion and determination unless what they do lines up with their values.
Try values affirmation for yourself and teach the practice to your students. Take a moment and think of a value you hold dear, whether it’s kindness, creativity, or gratitude. Whatever it is, name it. And then say to yourself: Come what may, I know who I am. Your values are your foundation and your compass, too. Trust them, and they will lead you home.
50．How did the author feel when she compared her to-do list with her got-done list?

51．What is values affirmation?

52．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
People who recognize their shortfalls are happier, healthier, and more

53．Apart from speaking out positive words, what else could you do to feel better about yourself? (In about 40 words)


【答案】50．She felt disappointed. 51．It is recognizing and strengthening the personal values you hold most dear. 52．People who recognize their shortfalls are happier, healthier, and more hopeful.
People who switch to a wide-angle view that includes their resources and opportunities, instead of focusing on their shortfalls, are happier, healthier, and more hopeful. 53．Apart from speaking out positive words, There are something else I could do to feel better about myself, for example, be with the people who often praise me for my outlook, my behaviour and my characters and achieve the goal set before on time, because they will make me become confident about myself.
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者从自身经历出发。论述了肯定自我的重要性。
50．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Time and again, when comparing my to-do list with my got-done list, I felt disappointed because I had fallen short.(一次又一次，当我把我的待办事项清单和我的已完成事项清单进行比较时，我感到失望，因为我没有达到目标)”可知，当作者将她的待办事项清单与已完成事项清单进行比较时，她感到很失望。故答案为She felt disappointed.
51．考查细节理解。根据文章第五段“It turns out that there’s a technical term for this practice: values affirmation. And what it boils down to is recognizing, and strengthening, the personal values you hold most dear.(事实证明，这种做法有一个专业术语：价值观肯定。归根结底，就是认识并加强你最珍视的个人价值观)”可知，价值观的肯定是指是认识到并加强你最珍视的个人价值观。故答案为It is recognizing and strengthening the personal values you hold most dear.
52．考查推理判断。根据文章第六段“When you affirm a core personal value, you shore up your sense of self-worth. You broaden your outlook: Instead of focusing on your shortfalls, you switch to a wide-angle view that includes your resources and opportunities. And the people who do this are happier, healthier, and more hopeful.(当你肯定一个核心的个人价值时，你就支撑了你的自我价值感。你开阔了视野：你不再只关注自己的缺点，而是从更广阔的角度看待自己的资源和机会。这样做的人更快乐，更健康，更有希望)”可知，当人们不再关注自己的不足的时候才会感到更快乐，更健康，更有希望。故答案为People who recognize their shortfalls are happier, healthier, and more hopeful. People who switch to a wide-angle view that includes their resources and opportunities, instead of focusing on their shortfalls, are happier, healthier, and more hopeful.
53．开放性试题。本题主要让介绍自己感觉自己更好的方法，可以从很多角度答题，符合常理即可。如经常听到别人的赞美，按时达成目标等都能使人从内到外散发自信。故答案为Apart from speaking out positive words, There are something else I could do to feel better about myself, for example, be with the people who often praise me for my outlook, my behaviour and my characters and achieve the goal set before on time, because they will make me become confident about myself.
（2023·天津滨海新·统考三模）阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
Ren Sainan chanced upon the funeral industry in 2019. With a degree in e-commerce, she joined an online retailer that deals in funeral supplies after several failures in attempting to get a “normal” job upon graduation.
Encouraged by her family, colleagues and friends, Ren realized that what matters most is living for the moment and working for what she loves. Putting aside the opinions of others, she began to model for new shrouds (寿衣) for live-broadcasting as part of her daily job. Gradually, she found that working in the funeral industry is meaningful and that everyone has a story.
One night during the Spring Festival, Ren received a call. A girl sobbed, asking whether she had a green burial suit, as she was preparing for the funeral of her father who used to be a soldier at Jiayu Pass, safeguarding China’s northwestern frontier. He had a deep affection for the color green.
Searching through piles of clothes at the warehouse, Ren failed to find the color. Moved by the daughter and the father, she decided to make a green-colored suit along with a tailor at the company.
In the beginning, Ren was afraid of telling her mother about working as a model and designer for burial clothes. “After I accepted myself in this job, I talked about it with my mother. Her first reaction was ‘you should resign,’” Ren said. She made a trip home in Pingdingshan, a two-hour drive from Zhengzhou where she works, in hope to impress her mother with various products. “She softened her tone as these designs upended her perception of saying goodbye to the world,” she said.
In traditional Chinese culture, the discussion of death is taboo (禁忌的), and the shrouds, along with other funeral supplies, are things people avoided talking about in daily life. And even with good employment opportunities, people were reluctant to work as funeral directors.
As a shroud model, Ren’s presentation has changed people’s fixed images of the funeral supplies. While amazed at the diverse and personalized development of the funeral industry, Chinese netizens have also expressed their admiration for Ren’s job.
Aging, sickness, and death are common states of life. It might be, in a sense, lucky to have an opportunity to experience the range of human emotions from joy to grief, from despair to hope.
54．Why did Ren Sainan choose a job in the funeral industry? (no more than 8 words)

55．What is the top concern of Ren Sainan in her life? (no more than 10 words)

56．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 5 probably mean? (1 word)

57．Why are few people willing to work as funeral directors? (no more than 10 words)

58．What do you think of Ren Sainan? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)


【答案】54．Because of failures in getting a “normal” job. 55．Living for the moment and working for what she loves. 56．Changed. 57．Because people have fixed images of the funeral industry. 58．She is brave and determined because she does what she likes without caring about others’ opinions.

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了任赛男从事寿衣模特这一职业的原因以及中国人对殡葬行业的看法。
54．考查细节理解。根据第一段“With a degree in e-commerce, she joined an online retailer that deals in funeral supplies after several failures in attempting to get a “normal” job upon graduation.(毕业后，她试图找到一份“正常”的工作，但几次失败后，她加入了一家经营殡葬用品的在线零售商)”可知，任赛男选择在殡葬行业工作是因为没能找到一份“正常”的工作。故答案为Because of failures in getting a “normal” job.
55．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Encouraged by her family, colleagues and friends, Ren realized that what matters most is living for the moment and working for what she loves.(在家人、同事和朋友的鼓励下，任意识到最重要的是活在当下，为自己喜欢的事情而努力)”可知，任赛男人生中最关心的是活在当下，为自己所爱而工作。故答案为Living for the moment and working for what she loves.
56．考查词句猜测。根据划线词上文“She softened her tone as these designs”以及后文“her perception of saying goodbye to the world”可知，这些设计改变了母亲对与世界告别的看法，她的语气变得柔和了。故划线词意思是“改变”。故答案为Changed.
57．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“As a shroud model, Ren’s presentation has changed people’s fixed images of the funeral supplies. While amazed at the diverse and personalized development of the funeral industry, Chinese netizens have also expressed their admiration for Ren’s job.(作为寿衣模特，任的展示改变了人们对丧葬用品的固定印象。在惊叹于殡葬行业多样化和个性化发展的同时，中国网民也对任的工作表示钦佩)”可知，很少有人愿意做葬礼承办人是因为人们对殡葬业有固定的印象。故答案为Because people have fixed images of the funeral industry.
58．考查开放题。根据“你觉得任赛男怎么样？请解释一下。”可回答：她勇敢而坚定，因为她做自己喜欢的事，而不在乎别人的意见。故答案为She is brave and determined because she does what she likes without caring about others’ opinions.
（2023·北京房山·统考二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Most companies use advertising to promote their brands, sell their products, and increase their income. For years, businesses have used different strategies in advertising to sell their products or services through written or visual messages.
When creating advertisements, companies tend to design some parts that appeal to our emotions or can be connected to our own lives. This is called memorable advertising. Our brains often pay attention to those parts that appeal to our emotions and forget about the rest of the information we see. So, one way to make memorable advertising is by adding an emotional or personal aspect to the most important part of the advertisement. As a result, there is a greater chance that viewers will remember that. If the scenes that appeal to our emotions manage to, at the same time, highlight the brand and its benefits, viewers will be more likely to build a connection with the brand, which can increase sales.
A good example is an advertisement from a leading consumer goods company. The advertisement showed people of all ages and from all parts of the world. In the advertisement, an artist drew pictures of what people thought they looked like — and compared those pictures to pictures of what their friends thought they looked like. This showed that people often perceive themselves negatively compared with reality — usually people criticize their looks too much. The advertisement encouraged people to see the positives in their looks, rather than the negatives. In this way, the advertisement triggered very strong emotional responses, achieved attention worldwide, and so made more people remember it.
Another way to make memorable advertising is by creating a fictional character that represents the brand. Think of the Michelin Tire Man. The human-like figure consists of stacked white tires. The mascot gives customers a friendly, fun personality to connect and build a relationship with. It is much easier to connect with the friendly fat man than with a faceless tire company.
64．What is memorable advertising?

65．According to the passage, what are the two ways to make memorable advertising?

66．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
In the advertisement of a leading consumer goods company, it encouraged people to see their negative aspects and triggered very strong emotional responses.

67．Are you usually influenced by advertisements when you go shopping? Why or why not?(In about 40 words)


【答案】64．Memorable advertising can appeal to our emotions or can be connected to our own lives. 65．By adding an emotional or personal aspect to the most important part of the advertisement and creating a fictional character that represents the brand. 66．In the advertisement of a leading consumer goods company, it encouraged people to see their negative aspects and triggered very strong emotional responses. The advertisement encouraged people to see the positives in their looks, rather than the negatives. 67．Yes. Advertisements can always attract people to buy products through exquisite designs and beautiful models. Advertising can give people the illusion that by buying the product, you can live a better life or become as beautiful as a model.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了广告的作用和制作广告的方法。
64．考查细节理解。根据第二段“When creating advertisements, companies tend to design some parts that appeal to our emotions or can be connected to our own lives. This is called memorable advertising. (在制作广告时，公司倾向于设计一些吸引我们情感的部分，或者可以与我们自己的生活联系起来。这就是所谓的令人难忘的广告)”可知，令人难忘的广告可以吸引我们的情感，或者与我们自己的生活联系起来。故答案为Memorable advertising can appeal to our emotions or can be connected to our own lives.
65．考查细节理解。根据第二段“So, one way to make memorable advertising is by adding an emotional or personal aspect to the most important part of the advertisement. (因此，制作令人难忘的广告的一种方法是在广告的最重要部分添加情感或个人方面)”以及最后一段“Another way to make memorable advertising is by creating a fictional character that represents the brand. (制作令人难忘的广告的另一种方法是创造一个代表品牌的虚构人物)”可知，制作令人难忘的广告主要是通过在广告最重要的部分添加情感或个人方面，和创造一个代表品牌的虚构人物。故答案为By adding an emotional or personal aspect to the most important part of the advertisement and creating a fictional character that represents the brand.
66．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The advertisement encouraged people to see the positives in their looks, rather than the negatives. (这则广告鼓励人们看到自己外表的优点，而不是缺点)”可知，故错误部分为“negative aspects”，这则广告鼓励人们看到自己外表的优点，而不是缺点。故答案为In the advertisement of a leading consumer goods company, it encouraged people to see their negative aspects and triggered very strong emotional responses. The advertisement encouraged people to see the positives in their looks, rather than the negatives.
67．考查开放题。根据“当你去购物时，你是否经常受到广告的影响？为什么或者为什么不呢？”可回答：是的。广告总是可以通过精美的设计和美丽的模型吸引人们购买产品。广告可以给人们一种错觉，通过购买产品，你可以过上更好的生活，或者变得像模特一样漂亮。故答案为Yes. Advertisements can always attract people to buy products through exquisite designs and beautiful models. Advertising can give people the illusion that by buying the product, you can live a better life or become as beautiful as a model.
（2023·天津南开·统考二模）阅读下面短文，按照要求用英语回答问题。
Walking home from school one day, I saw Dan, a kid from my school, on the other side of the road. I said to myself, “He must be a real nerd,” as he was carrying a lot of books. When I continued walking, I saw a group of kids run into Dan, knocking his books out of his arms and pushing him so he fell over. I ran over to help him, and as we were picking up his books, I saw tears in his eyes.
While I helped him stand up, I said, “Those kids are stupid.” He looked at me and said, “Thanks.” There was a grateful smile on his face.
We started talking and soon realized that we lived near each other. We talked all the way home. Dan turned out to be a pretty cool kid. We hung out all weekend and the more I got to know Dan, the more I liked him. Dan and I became best friends.
Over the years in high school, he became more popular. In our senior year, Dan got the best grades in our class, and had to give a speech for graduation.
As Dan started his speech, he looked at me. “Graduation is a time to thank the people who helped you survive those tough years — your parents, your teachers, but mostly your friends. Being a friend is the best gift you can give. I’m going to tell you a story.” I just looked at Dan in amazement as he told the story of the first day we met. He had planned to drop out of school and run away from home that weekend. Dan talked of how he had emptied his locker so his mom wouldn’t have to do it later and was carrying all of his books home. He looked hard at me and gave me a little smile. “Thankfully, I was saved. My friend saved me from making a huge mistake.” Everyone looked at Dan in shock as he told us about his weakest moment.
68．Where did the author first meet Dan?(no more than 10 words)

69．How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1?(no more than 10 words)

70．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?(no more than 8 words)

71．Why did everyone look at Dan in shock at the end of the story?(no more than 15 words)

72．Who do you want to thank most upon your graduation? Please explain.(no more than 25 words)


【答案】68．On his way home from school. 69．He must be a very boring person. 70．How the author and Dan became best friends. 71．Because Dan told everyone his weakest moment. 72．I want to thank my English teacher most for his encouragement and support. Without him, I wouldn't catch up with my classmates.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在放学路上遇到了丹，两人很快成为了朋友。直到毕业时，丹告诉作者他们相遇那天，他本打算退学的。
68．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Walking home from school one day, I saw Dan, a kid from my school, on the other side of the road.(一天放学回家，我在路的另一边看到了丹，我们学校的一个孩子)”可知，在放学回家的路上作者第一次遇到丹。故答案为On his way home from school.
69．考查句意理解。根据画线词后文“as he was carrying a lot of books”可知，丹带了很多书回家，所以作者觉得他一定是一个很无聊的人。画线词部分意思是“他一定是一个很无聊的人”。故答案为He must be a very boring person.
70．考查主旨大意。根据第三段“We started talking and soon realized that we lived near each other. We talked all the way home. Dan turned out to be a pretty cool kid. We hung out all weekend and the more I got to know Dan, the more I liked him. Dan and I became best friends.(我们开始交谈，很快就意识到我们住得很近。回家的路上我们一直在聊天。丹原来是个很酷的孩子。我们整个周末都在一起玩，我对丹了解得越多，就越喜欢他。丹和我成了最好的朋友)”可知，第三段主旨为作者和丹如何成为最好的朋友。故答案为How the author and Dan became best friends.
71．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“I just looked at Dan in amazement as he told the story of the first day we met. He had planned to drop out of school and run away from home that weekend. Dan talked of how he had emptied his locker so his mom wouldn’t have to do it later and was carrying all of his books home. He looked hard at me and gave me a little smile. “Thankfully, I was saved. My friend saved me from making a huge mistake.” Everyone looked at Dan in shock as he told us about his weakest moment.(当丹讲述我们第一天相遇的故事时，我惊讶地看着他。他原计划那个周末从学校退学，离家出走。丹说他清空了自己的储物柜，这样妈妈就不用再收拾了，他还把所有的书都带回家了。他盯着我，对我微微一笑。“谢天谢地，我得救了。我的朋友把我从一个巨大的错误中拯救了出来。”当丹告诉我们他最脆弱的时刻时，每个人都震惊地看着他)”可知，在故事的结尾，每个人都震惊地看着丹是因为丹告诉每个人他最脆弱的时刻。故答案为Because Dan told everyone his weakest moment.
72．考查开放题，题干：毕业时你最想感谢谁？请解释一下。可回答：我最要感谢我的英语老师给我的鼓励和支持。没有他，我就赶不上我的同学了。故答案为I want to thank my English teacher most for his encouragement and support. Without him, I wouldn't catch up with my classmates.
（2023·北京海淀·统考二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
They say to find out what you really want, go back to when you were a child.
When I was a kid, I really wanted to be a painter, but I was never great at it. I was discouraged, because in art classes my paintings were never the most beautiful. In the third grade, we were given a project to create a portrait. I used the skills and tips we were all taught in class. After we were done, we presented our portraits. We stood in front of the class and explained our technique. I remember looking at other portraits thinking,“We were given the same skills, why do theirs look so professional and mine looks so amateur?”
But I still really enjoyed painting because it’s a forgiving art. If I don’t like what I’ve put on paper, I can paint over it. I can mix colors and make new ones. Also, I can release some creative juices, use what has inspired me and allow that to pour out of me in a way I may not have imagined.
But because I have always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, I just decided to change what beauty looked like. I changed what beauty meant to me.
Throughout school, they taught us about Picasso, van Gogh and da Vinci, and I never saw myself or my art in their works. These artists were always painting whatever was in front of them and around them. But that’s not what I saw around me.
Then I learned about Basquiat, who inspired me to paint abstract pictures. I paint when I’m moved, and I am often moved by what’s natural:emotions, nature, and other forms of art. I am also very moved by pain. When there is pain in the world or in my heart, it can be unbearable. I had a conversation with an activist in St.Louis named Spook, and I explained to her this feeling and she told me,“Pain is energy. You have to learn how to channel that energy into something productive.”So sometimes I channel that pain into art, into a painting.
Even if the picture doesn’t turn out aesthetically (美学地) pleasing by society’s standards, it’s still beautiful that I was able to create something. My paintings may not be a Basquiat, but they’re mine, so I love them anyway.
77．What did the author find after the portrait presentation?

78．What factors motivated the author to keep his passion for arts?

79．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author has always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, so he tried to meet society’s standards.

80．Besides painting,what other art form would you use to express beauty? And explain why.(In about 40 words)


【答案】77．Others’/Other kids’ portraits looked so professional and/but his looked so amateur. 78．His childhood dream; His belief that painting is a forgiving art; The inspiration he got from Basquiat; The fact that he could channel pain into art. 79．The author has always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, so he tried to meet society’s standards.
So he just decided to change what beauty looked like, and he changed what beauty meant to him.
So he changed what beauty looked like.
So he changed what beauty meant to him.
But he didn’t try to meet the society’s standards. 80．I use singing to express beauty. By singing my favorite songs, I can voice my passion and appreciation towards beautiful things in life. Besides, any musical elements like lyrics, melody or rhyme can be expressive, conveying beauty and enjoyment to the audience.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我小的时候不擅长绘画，因为我一直想画出美丽的画，所以我决定改变美丽的样子，我开始带着情感创作抽象画，并且不管这些画在世人的眼中是否美好，我都喜欢我的作品。
77．考查细节理解。根据第二段“I remember looking at other portraits thinking,“We were given the same skills, why do theirs look so professional and mine looks so amateur?”（记得看到其他肖像时，我想，“我们被赋予了同样的技能，为什么他们的看起来如此专业，而我的看起来如此业余？”）”可知，其他孩子的肖像看起来很专业，但他的肖像看起来很业余。故答案为Others’/Other kids’ portraits looked so professional and/but his looked so amateur。
78．推理判断题。根据第二段“When I was a kid, I really wanted to be a painter, but I was never great at it.（我还是个孩子的时候，我真的很想成为一名画家，但我从来都不擅长。）”及第三段“But I still really enjoyed painting because it’s a forgiving art.（但我仍然非常喜欢绘画，因为这是一种宽容的艺术。）”及第六段“Then I learned about Basquiat, who inspired me to paint abstract pictures.（然后我了解了巴斯奎特，他激励我画抽象画。）”及倒数第二段“So sometimes I channel that pain into art, into a painting.（所以有时我会把这种痛苦转化为艺术，转化为绘画。）”可知，激励作者保持对艺术事业的热情的是他儿时的梦想；他相信绘画是一种宽容的艺术；他从巴斯奎特那里得到的灵感以及他可以将痛苦转化为艺术的想法。故答案为：His childhood dream; His belief that painting is a forgiving art; The inspiration he got from Basquiat; The fact that he could channel pain into art。
79．细节理解题。根据第四段“But because I have always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, I just decided to change what beauty looked like. I changed what beauty meant to me.（但因为我一直想画出美丽的画，所以我决定改变美丽的样子。我改变了美丽对我的意义。）”可知，作者在想要画出美丽图画时想要改变的是美丽的样子和对美的定义，并没有尝试满足社会的标准，“so he tried to meet society’s standards（所以他尝试满足社会的标准）”是错误的，故答案为：The author has always wanted to paint beautiful pictures, so he tried to meet society’s standards.S o he just decided to change what beauty looked like, and he changed what beauty meant to him./So he changed what beauty looked like./But he didn’t try to meet the society’s standards。
80．开放性试题。除了绘画，我用唱歌来表达美。通过演唱我最喜欢的歌曲，我可以表达我对生活中美好事物的热情和欣赏。此外，任何音乐元素，如歌词、旋律或押韵，都可以向观众传达美。故答案为：I use singing to express beauty. By singing my favorite songs, I can voice my passion and appreciation towards beautiful things in life. Besides, any musical elements like lyrics, melody or rhyme can convey beauty to the audience。
（2023·北京丰台·统考二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care for a severe case. As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
“Every day I would input my vital signs on the app,” Brain said. “If anything went wrong or wasn’t right, a nurse would call me straight away.”
Brain spent six weeks on this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his local NHS hospital in partnership with Doccla, a healthcare technology company. He is one of thousands of patients to have been treated in new “hospitals at home”, seen by NHS leaders as a “lifeline” for overwhelmed hospitals that have run out of beds. 2,500 virtual ward beds were already in use, ensuring that people could “get the care they need from their own homes”.
Retz, founder of Docile, said soon there could be “regional command centers”, where a doctor or nurse monitored data from hundreds of patients displayed on a dashboard. “It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor,” he said.
Noel O’Kelly, clinical director at Spirit Health, said, “Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients. We have already seen very encouraging results from the use of virtual wards for older patients.”
Virtual wards allow real potential to support people to recover well in the community. The model is not a silver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it should not worsen health inequalities, but it could present a vital lifeline for the system.
81．How was Brain treated after his condition stabilized?

82．What do “regional command centers” and traditional ward rounds have in common?

83．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.

84．Besides what’s mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think virtual hospitals may have? (In about 40 words)


【答案】81．He was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor. 82．Patients submit data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor. 83．Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited.
According to the passage, older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to their health. 84．言之有理即可。I think virtual wards can improve the quality of life for older people because living at home can ensure that they eat better and participate in normal social interaction.

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是虚拟病房的优点。
81．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“As soon as his condition had stabilized, he was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.(病情一稳定，他就带着手机和血压计等设备被送回家。)”可知，他被送回家时带着包括电话和血压计在内的设备。故答案为He was sent home with equipment including a phone and a blood pressure monitor.
82．考查细节理解。根据第四段的“It works in a similar way to traditional ward rounds in a hospital, with patients submitting data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor(它的工作方式与医院的传统查房类似，患者每天提交一到两次数据，由医生审查)”可知，“区域指挥中心”和传统的查房的共同之处在于患者每天提交一到两次数据，由医生审查。故答案为Patients submit data once or twice a day, which is reviewed by a doctor.
83．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Older people want to spend as little time in hospital as possible and avoid hospital visits, particularly as frequent visits and long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to the health of older patients.(老年人希望尽可能少地住院，避免去医院，尤其是频繁的住院和长时间的住院会损害老年患者的健康。)”可知，老年人希望少住院的原因是因为长时间住院不利于身体健康，而不是因为医院的医疗资源有限，故答案为Older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because medical resources in hospitals are limited. According to the passage, older patients want to spend as little time in hospital as possible because long periods of time spent in hospital can be damaging to their health.
84．考查推理判断。言之有理即可。根据文章可知，我认为虚拟病房可以提高老年人的生活质量，因为在家居住可以确保老年人吃得更好，也可参加正常的社交。故答案为I think virtual wards can improve the quality of life for older people because living at home can ensure that they eat better and participate in normal social interaction.
（2023·北京东城·统考二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
With society’s high pressures to achieve, it’s understandable that individuals prefer to hide their weak points—but doing so comes at a cost.
I learned that lesson when I participated in a hiking expedition. As a new hiker, I struggled. The trip was difficult to me even without needing to carry my heavy camping packs. I was slowed down, yet I refused to tell my teammates in hopes that I would seem perseverant. To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.
For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times. Yet, the advantage of authenticity is evident, driving its recent popularity among thought leaders. Authenticity even improved my hiking experience—the moment my group admitted to our shortcomings was when we started working better as a team. So, can being ourselves not only help us work better, but help those who workaround us?
The truth is, it can.
Researchers have found that not only did authentic workers have higher work engagement and lower work tiredness, but their teammates had the same results, regardless of whether they were genuine themselves. The results suggest that the benefits of authenticity go beyond the individual, and spread to teammates as well. So, we can improve our teammates’ work behavior by merely being ourselves.
Why does authenticity boost our teammates? This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work. By focusing lesson appearing hard-working in hopes to get ahead—and more on trying to be better all-around individuals—authentic teammates can make a great impact on their work environment.
85．How did the author feel when one team member asked for a rest during the hiking?

86．Why is it hard for people to display their true selves?

87．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Authentic workers feel safe by being then selves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.

88．Apart from what is mentioned in the passage, what other benefit(s) do you think authenticity can bring to us?(In about 40 words)


【答案】85．He felt happy and surprised./He felt relieved. 86．Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment. 87．Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe. 88．When we are authentic, we become more trustworthy, empathetic, and better able to connect with others. Additionally, authenticity can increase our overall well-being, as living in alignment with our true selves can lead to a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment in life.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在社会压力巨大的情况下，个人倾向于隐藏自己的弱点是可以理解的，但这样做是有代价的。
85．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“To my delight and surprise, one of the more active members requested that we stop for a break. I quickly realized I wasn’t the only one hiding my weaknesses after noticing the rest of the team’s apparent relief.(令我又惊又喜的是，一个比较活跃的成员要求我们停下来休息一下。在注意到团队中其他人明显松了一口气后，我很快意识到我并不是唯一一个隐藏自己弱点的人。)”可知，在徒步旅行时，当有一位队员要求休息时，作者感到又惊又喜；同时根据下一句，团队中有人明显松了一口气可知，作者也感到放松了。故答案为He felt happy and surprised./He felt relieved。
86．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“For many of us, authenticity, or behaving as one’s true self in daily life, is quite challenging. As social beings, we’ve learned to adapt and fit into our environment, making it challenging to display who we are at times.(对我们中的许多人来说，在日常生活中，真实或表现出真实的自我是相当具有挑战性的。作为社会生物，我们已经学会了适应和融入我们的环境，有时展示我们内心是一个挑战。)”可知，我们之所以不愿意展示真实的自我是因为我们已经学会了适应和融入我们的环境。故答案为Because people have learned to adapt and fit into their environment。
87．考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“This is because authentic teammates do not prioritize protecting themselves at the cost of their work or relationships. Instead, they recognize the interests of both themselves and others when making decisions. This allows those they work with to feel safe while being themselves at work.(这是因为真诚的队友不会以牺牲自己的工作或人际关系为代价来优先保护自己。相反，他们在做决定时认识到自己和他人的利益。这让他们的同事在做自己的时候感到安全。)”可知，真诚的员工在工作中会认识到自己和他人的利益，这会让他们的同事感到安全。因此判断“Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.”中的“feel safe”是错误的，应该是真诚的员工让同事感到安全。故答案为Authentic workers feel safe by being themselves at work, so authenticity boosts their teammates.
Authentic workers make their workmates feel safe。
88．开放题。要求考生谈谈真实性还能给我们带来什么好处，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为When we are authentic, we become more trustworthy, empathetic, and better able to connect with others. Additionally, authenticity can increase our overall well-being, as living in alignment with our true selves can lead to a greater sense of purpose, meaning, and fulfillment in life。
（2023·北京门头沟·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Last year, I baked biscuits for complete strangers to say “thank you”. I’d had to call 999 because I found my husband unconscious on the floor. Within minutes, a police car arrived and soon my husband received medical care in hospital.
A week later, when I dropped off still-warm biscuits and presented a thank-you note at the police station, the policemen thanked me for delivering gifts.
I drove away feeling light and happy. Later, I realized that my natural high might have been more than it seemed.Research has shown that sharing gratitude has positive effects on health. People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lower their blood pressure and get better sleep.
What about people who receive gratitude?Research has confirmed that when people receive thanks, they experience positive emotions.“Those are happy surprises,”says Jo-Ann Tsang, a professor of psychology. When someone is thanked,he’s more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on, and his chances of being helpful again doubles, probably because he enjoys feeling socially valued.
The give-and-take of gratitude also deepens relationships. Studies show that when your loved ones regularly express gratitude,making you feel appreciated,you’re more likely to return appreciative feelings, which leads to more satisfactory in your relationships.
Nowadays,however,many people don’t express gratitude. Our modern lifestyle may be to blame. With commercial and social media, everything is speeding the younger generation to feel they’re the center of the world. If it’s all about them, why thank others?
Why not thank others? Just take a look at how many positive effects can saying “thank you”have on personal health—and the well-being of others.
If you aren’t particularly grateful, I strongly suggest you learn to be.People who are instructed to keep gratitude journals,in which they write down positive things that happen to them,cultivate gratitude over time.
89．What health benefits can people gain from expressing gratitude?

90．How do people probably respond when they receive gratitude and feel socially valued?

91．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
▷ Saying “thank-you”improves relationships,but nowadays some young people don’t want to do it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.

92．If possible, who would you like to express gratitude to most? Why? (In about 40 words)


【答案】89．People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lower their blood pressure, and get better sleep. 90．They are more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on, and their chances of being helpful again double. 91．Saying “thank-you” improves relationships, but nowadays some young people don’t want to do it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.
Everything is making some people feel they’re the center of the world. 92．I would like to express gratitude to my parents most, because they have always supported me through thick and thin, and have sacrificed a lot to provide me with the best opportunities in life.
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了感激以及被感激都会对我们的身心带来积极的影响。
89．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lower their blood pressure and get better sleep.(表达感激之情的人会增加他们的幸福感，降低他们的血压，并获得更好的睡眠。)”可知，表达感激之情的人会增加幸福感、降低血压并获得更好地睡眠。故答案为People who express gratitude will increase their happiness levels, lower their blood pressure, and get better sleep。
90．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“When someone is thanked, he’s more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on, and his chances of being helpful again doubles, probably because he enjoys feeling socially valued.(当有人被感谢时，他更有可能回报你的帮助或传递善意，他帮助别人的可能性会增加一倍，可能是因为他喜欢被社会重视的感觉。)”可知，当一个人被感谢了之后，他极有可能回报别人或传递爱意，而且他们帮助别人的可能性也会翻倍。故答案为They are more likely to return the favor or pass kindness on, and their chances of being helpful again double。
91．考查推理判断。根据文章第六段“Nowadays, however, many people don’t express gratitude. Our modern lifestyle may be to blame. With commercial and social media, everything is speeding the younger generation to feel they’re the center of the world.(然而，现在很多人不表达感激之情。我们的现代生活方式可能是罪魁祸首。随着商业和社交媒体的发展，一切都在促使年青一代觉得自己是世界的中心。)”可知，年轻人不愿意表达感激之情是因为社会的发展让年青一代觉得自己是世界的中心。由此判断Saying “thank-you” improves relationships, but nowadays some young people don’t want to do it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.中的“because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.”是错误的。故答案为Saying “thank-you” improves relationships, but nowadays some young people don’t want to do it because everything is making them feel blamed by the whole society.
Everything is making some people feel they’re the center of the world.
92．开放题。要求考生谈谈最想感谢的人以及原因，考生言之有理即可。参考答案为I would like to express gratitude to my parents most, because they have always supported me through thick and thin, and have sacrificed a lot to provide me with the best opportunities in life.
（2023·北京·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for long periods even if you also exercise regularly could be bad for your health. And it doesn’t matter where the sitting takes place at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it occurs. Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial published this week in the British Joumal of Sports Medicine, Elin Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define physical activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven’t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position. “After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send harmful signals,” said Ekblom-Bak. She explained that sitting too long slows the metabolism-which affects our ability to regulate blood sugar and blood pressure, and metabolise fat-and may cause weaker muscles and bones.
Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day-but still spend much time sitting-might get more benefits if that exercise was spread across the day, rather than in a single bout (一回).
Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset (抵消) those effects.
“People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits,” Ekblom-Bak said. “But when they are in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible,” she said.
93．What are the possible bad effects of sitting for a long time?

94．What is the next step for the current research on sitting long hours?

95．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø Sitting for long periods is bad for your health. However, doing exercise once a day is enough to get rid of the impact of sitting too much.

96．What habits do you think are good for your health? Why?


【答案】93．They are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die. 94．More research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects. 95．Because even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. 96．We should not sit still for a long time and try to break the sitting time as much as possible, because sitting for a long time does great harm to our health.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，一天中大部分时间坐着的人更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡，久坐对我们的身体有着很大的伤害。
93．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.(几项研究表明，一天中大部分时间坐着的人更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡)”可知，久坐的人可能更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡。故答案为They are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
94．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset (抵消) those effects.(专家表示，需要更多的研究来弄清楚坐多久是危险的，以及怎样才能抵消这些影响)”可知，目前关于久坐的研究的下一步是需要更多的研究来弄清楚坐多久是危险的，以及怎样才能抵消这些影响。故答案为More research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.
95．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day-but still spend much time sitting-might get more benefits if that exercise was spread across the day, rather than in a single bout.(即使对经常锻炼的人来说，长时间坐在办公桌前也是有害的。世界卫生组织的体育运动专家蒂姆•阿姆斯特朗说，每天锻炼但仍有很多时间坐着的人，如果把锻炼时间分散到一天中，而不是一回合，可能会获得更多好处)”可知，在下列陈述中，每天做一次运动就足以摆脱久坐的影响这个说法是错误的，因为即使对经常锻炼的人来说，长时间坐在办公桌前也是有害的。故答案为Because even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful.
96．考查推理判断。根据最后一段““People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits,” Ekblom-Bak said. “But when they are in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible,” she said.(“人们应该坚持锻炼，因为锻炼有很多好处，”埃克布洛姆-巴克说。“但当他们在办公室时，他们应该尽可能多地打断坐着的时间，”她说)”可推知，我们不要长时间地坐在某个地方不动，应该尽可能多地打断坐着的时间，因为久坐对我们的身体有很大的危害。故答案为We should not sit still for a long time and try to break the sitting time as much as possible, because sitting for a long time does great harm to our health.
（2023·北京平谷·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Mussels in Port Phillip Bay are taking in microplastics used in cosmetics(化妆品). The microplastics travel from bathroom sinks to the ocean, where they are easily confused with seaweeds. Because the mussels cannot tell the difference, they take in the plastic along with their normal diet of seaweeds.
According to researcher Dr Charlene Trestrail, the plastic doesn’t affect mussels directly, but it does reduce their ability to digest the real food. It means they miss out on energy and nutrients, which affects their ability to grow and reproduce.
“Besides being a tasty treat for humans, mussels play an important role in keeping marine ecosystems healthy,” Dr Trestrail said. “And because of the reduced ability to grow and reproduce, we could see a drop in mussel populations, with knock-on effects for other marine wildlife.”
While environmental campaigners have worked hard to reduce the amount of plastic in the oceans from easily visible items such as shopping bags and packaging, most people are not aware of the impact of microbeads and other hidden plastics in products including toothpaste or bath scrubs.
“We know lots about how plastics affect animals externally—we’ve all seen photos of birds and turtles twisted in plastic—but this is the first study to investigate how tiny plastics affect animals’ stomachs,” Dr Trestrail said.
There has been a push in recent years to reduce microplastic pollution. But while the Government has supported phasing out(淘汰) microbeads, some cosmetics industries stopped short of banning their use.
We need to take pollution from microplastics seriously. Because they’re so small, once they’re in the ecosystem they are impossible to remove. The only solution is not to use them in the first place.

mussel
97．Why do mussels eat microplastics?

98．What will eventually happen to mussels if they eat microplastics mistakenly?

99．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø    The first thing to solve microplastic pollution is not to use microplastics and some cosmetics industries agreed to stop using microbeads.

100．Please briefly present your own solutions to the plastic pollution problem in your daily life. (In about 40 words)


【答案】97．Because microplastics are easily confused with seaweeds, and the mussels cannot tell the difference./Because the microplastic gets mixed up with the seaweeds on which mussels live and they cannot tell the difference./Because the mussels cannot tell the difference between microplastics and seaweeds. 98．The mussels’ population will drop./We can see a drop in the mussels population./Because of the reduced ability to grow and reproduce, we could see a drop in mussel populations, with knock-on effects for other marine wildlife./After eating microplastics, it will affect their ability to grow and reproduce./It does reduce their ability to digest the real food. It means they miss out on energy and nutrients, which affects their ability to grow and reproduce. 99．The first thing to solve microplastic pollution is not to use microplastics and some cosmetics industries agreed to stop using microbeads. According to the passage, while the Government has supported phasing out(淘汰) microbeads, some cosmetics industries stopped short of banning their use. That means they didn’t agree to stop using microbeads. 100．Some solutions for students to reduce plastic pollution include using reusable water bottles, bringing reusable bags and containers for lunches and snacks, avoiding single-use plastics, properly disposing of plastic waste, and supporting environmentally-friendly policies and initiatives.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微塑料对菲利普湾港的贻贝的影响。微塑料被贻贝误食后会降低它们的消化能力，影响它们的生长和繁殖能力。贻贝在海洋生态系统中扮演重要角色，它们数量下降会对其他海洋野生动物产生连锁反应。虽然政府支持淘汰微塑料，但一些化妆品行业仍在使用。最终解决方案是从源头上避免使用微塑料。
97．考查细节理解题。根据第一段“The microplastics travel from bathroom sinks to the ocean, where they are easily confused with seaweeds.（微塑料从浴室水槽进入海洋，在那里它们很容易与海藻混淆。）”可知贻贝误食微塑料的原因在于他们分辨不了塑料。故答案可写为：Because microplastics are easily confused with seaweeds, and the mussels cannot tell the difference.Because the microplastic gets mixed up with the seaweeds on which mussels live and they cannot tell the difference.Because the mussels cannot tell the difference between microplastics and seaweeds.
98．考查细节理解题。根据“the plastic doesn’t affect mussels directly, but it does reduce their ability to digest the real food. It means they miss out on energy and nutrients, which affects their ability to grow and reproduce.（根据研究人员Charlene Trestrail博士的说法，塑料不会直接影响贻贝，但会降低它们消化真正食物的能力。这意味着它们错过了能量和营养，从而影响了它们的生长和繁殖能力。）”和“because of the reduced ability to grow and reproduce, we could see a drop in mussel populations, with knock-on effects for other marine wildlife.(由于生长和繁殖能力下降，我们可能会看到贻贝数量下降，对其他海洋野生动物产生连锁反应)”。故答案为The mussels’ population will drop.We can see a drop in the mussels population.Because of the reduced ability to grow and reproduce, we could see a drop in mussel populations, with knock-on effects for other marine wildlife.After eating microplastics, it will affect their ability to grow and reproduce.It does reduce their ability to digest the real food. It means they miss out on energy and nutrients, which affects their ability to grow and reproduce.
99．考查推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“There has been a push in recent years to reduce microplastic pollution. But while the Government has supported phasing out(淘汰) microbeads, some cosmetics industries stopped short of banning their use.(近年来，人们一直在努力减少微塑料污染。但是，尽管政府支持逐步淘汰微塑料，一些化妆品行业没有禁止使用。)”可知 他们没有同意。故some cosmetics industries agreed to stop using microbeads.这部分是错的。
100．考查开放性问题。只要符合实际就可以。学生减少塑料污染的一些解决方案包括使用可重复使用的水瓶，携带可重复使用的袋子和容器作为午餐和零食，避免使用一次性塑料，妥善处理塑料废物，以及支持环保政策和倡议。故为Some solutions for students to reduce plastic pollution include using reusable water bottles, bringing reusable bags and containers for lunches and snacks, avoiding single-use plastics, properly disposing of plastic waste, and supporting environmentally-friendly policies and initiatives。

真题演练
2023年
【2023年北京卷】阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit loop(环)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
40. How are habits built?
________________________________________________________________
41. In what way is a routine different from a habit?
________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
________________________________________________________________
43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words)
________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Habits are built through learning and repetition.
41. A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.
42. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.
43. I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built through learning and repetition.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built through learning and repetition.。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.。
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.”中“a shorter time”错误，应该为many months，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.。
【43题详解】
开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.。

2022年
Writing 1
【2022年天津卷第二次】It was a dark and stormy night. The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass. It was also New Year’s Eve. We were having our annual party and had a house full of people just starting to celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard loud explosions. Looking outside and up into the hills, we saw sparks(火花) flying from electrical transformers(变压器). One area after another went dark up in those hills. Then there was the loudest explosion of them all and our house went dark too. I tried to find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything look lovely. But we had problems. We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity?
The barbecue! Why not cook on the barbecue? We men went outside, some holding flashlights and others cooking. We did a wonderful job. The women stayed inside and got the salads ready. Everything was delicious. There were still a few hours to go before the beginning of the new year, so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight. We couldn’t watch the ball drop in Times Square on television but that wouldn’t stop us from celebrating. I stood on a chair and, with the help of someone’s watch to tell us the time, we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity for that!
Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve.
56. What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word)
____________________________________________________________
57. What made dinner preparation difficult according to Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words)
____________________________________________________________
58. How did the people celebrate on New Year’s Eve according to the passage? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________
59. How does the author feel about that particular New Year’s Eve? (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________
60. What do you think is the most necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situation? Please explain why. (no more than 25words)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】56. Fierce./ Strong./ Violent.
57. No electricity./ The power failure./ There was no electricity./ Electricity was gone.
58. They cooked on the barbecue, sang, and counted down./ By cooking on the barbecue, singing, and counting down.
59. It was the most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unforgettable./ Joyful./ Different./ Memorable./ Unique.
60. It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with difficulties.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，十五个朋友面面相觑，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。
【56题详解】
考查词义猜测。根据文章第一段“The ferocious wind shook the windows wildly, as though someone outside were beating on the glass.(狂风猛烈地摇动着窗户，好像外面有人在敲打着玻璃。)”，结合常识可知，风肯定很大才会像窗外有人敲打着玻璃；形容风特别大可以用形容词fierce“猛的”、strong“强的”或violent“暴力的”。故答案为Fierce./ Strong./ Violent。
【57题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“We had fifteen people standing around and we still had to cook dinner. How would we do that without electricity?(我们有15个人站着，我们还得做晚饭。没有电，我们要怎么办呢？)” 可知当时有15个人共同准备迎接新年，如何在断电的情况下准备这么多人的晚餐，变得很困难。故答案为No electricity./ The power failure./ There was no electricity./ Electricity was gone.。
【58题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Why not cook on the barbecue?(为什么不在烧烤架上做呢)”、“so we all sat around the dining room table and sang up until a few minutes before midnight.(所以我们都坐在餐厅的桌子旁，一直唱到午夜前几分钟。)”和“we all counted down and I dropped a tennis ball!(我们都开始倒数，然后我掉了一个网球！)” 可知，大家在烧烤架上做了饭、唱了歌，也做了新年倒数。故答案为They cooked on the barbecue, sang, and counted down./ By cooking on the barbecue, singing, and counting down.。
【59题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章第四段“Nowadays, we still get together with the same group to celebrate the New Year and we still talk about that special night. I don’t think we have ever laughed so much as we did on that New Year’s Eve. (现在，我们仍然聚在一起庆祝新年，我们仍然谈论那个特别的夜晚。我想我们从来没有像那个新年前夜那样笑得那么开心过。)”可知，作者认为那一夜是特别的，是充满欢笑的。故答案为It was the most exciting one./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unforgettable./ Joyful./ Different./ Memorable./ Unique.。
【60题详解】
考查推理判断。本题要求考生基于对篇章整体内容理解，对青年人面对突发事件应如何面对给出自己的想法，为开放性试题。故参考答案为：It is courage, for it gives us strength, which enables us to deal with difficulties.
Writing 2
【2022年北京卷】Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.
The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through.
Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).
Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.”
40. What did Tom witness at his own school?
41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle?
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why.
Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words)
【答案】
40. Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
41. Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
42. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG.
Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
43. I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
【40.【解析】
考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school.
【41.【解析】
考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option.
【42.【解析】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG.
【43.【解析】
开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity is important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31)

2021年
Writing 1
【2021年北京卷】Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．Thus，it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends， family members，or classmates rather than holding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，however，usually involves personal attacks，raising of voices， and storming out．Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health．In a study，2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row．When people had an argument that they considered resolved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） of those who avoided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions．In other words，resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half．One day later， people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument． This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution——and you are less likely to be annoyed．
Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．
It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome．
40. According to this passage，what is arguing？
41. Why is it that“the older you are， the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”？
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why．
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．
43. In addition to improving emotional health，what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument？ （In about 40 words）
【答案】40. Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
41. It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
43. Resolving arguments can also improve people's logical thinking and resilience, and improve their relationship with each other.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Moreover，the older you are，the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument．This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities．You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved，the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased．”（如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
【43题详解】
考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能答案版本一为Resolving arguments can also improve people's logical thinking and resilience, and improve their relationship with each other.

Writing 2
【2021年天津卷第一次】I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.
Somewhere along the way, however, I lost touch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a job at a big insurance company out of my business degree. I would go to the office, sit at my desk and repeat the same work five days a week 9 to 5. The days were long and tedious. Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.
One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community college. It was only a five-week course but it awakened my interest and got my confidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感).
I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.
The last few years have been exciting because I’ve been following my heart to do what I love. Today I am living a creative life as the designer of my own fashion brand.
Sometimes it’s hard to make a change, but I’m so glad I set the wheels of change in motion with that very small first step because it has led me to where I am today.
56．What was the author interested in when she was a little girl? (no more than 10 words)
57．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 word)
58．How did the author feel when she was taking the part-time design course? (no more than 10 words)
59．What did the author do to get back to her creative life? Give two of the facts. (no more than 15 words)
60．Do you consider the author as your role model? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)

【答案】
56．She was interested in arts, crafts and music.
Or: She was interested in creative things.
57．Boring./Dull./Uninteresting.
58．She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy.
Or: She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
59．She quit/quitted her job and took the fashion-design course.
Or: She attended a sewing class and took a part-time design course.
60．Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes.
Or: Yes, (I do). I’d like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she. Or: No, (I don’t). I don’t like changes and I want to live a secure life.
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者坚持做自己真正喜欢做的事情，最后取得了成功。
56．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段内容“I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.（从我还是一个小女孩的时候起，我就很有创造力。我的童年充满了艺术、手工艺和音乐，每一天都是令人兴奋的创作冒险。）”可知，从作者还是一个小女孩的时候起，她就对有创意的东西感兴趣，对艺术、手工艺和音乐感兴趣。故答案为She was interested in arts, crafts and music./ She was interested in creative things.
57．考查词义猜测。根据画线单词所在句后句“Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.（这样工作一年已经够痛苦的了，更别说一辈子了。不久我决定做出改变。）”可知，作者现在的工作让她感到痛苦，她并不喜欢这份工作。再根据第五段内容“As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment (满足感). （当我越来越清楚地意识到时尚是我全职想要做的事情时，我在保险公司的日常工作变得更加困难。我觉得无聊。没有活力，没有动力，没有满足感。）”可知，作者真正喜欢的是和时尚相关的工作，保险公司的工作让她感觉无聊。由此可知，画线单词所在句表示的是，在保险公司工作的日子漫长而乏味。故答案为Boring./Dull./Uninteresting.
58．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段内容“As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.（当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装设计的大学课程，三个月后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。我每周上两晚课。虽然很累，但它给了我活力、热情和快乐。）”可知，在参加了兼职设计课程后，作者感觉充满了活力、热情和快乐。故答案为She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy./ She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
59．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段关键句“One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community college.（我对缝纫产生了兴趣，所以我在一所社区大学上了缝纫课。）”，第四段关键句“As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course.（当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装设计的大学课程，三个月后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。）”和倒数第三段内容“I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.（我知道我需要做出更大的改变。经过一段时间的挣扎，我做出了一个艰难的决定，离开我的工作，并全职学习我的设计课程。两年后我拿到了毕业证书。）”可知，作者为了恢复她有创造力的生活，她参加了一个缝纫班，并参加了一个兼职设计课程，辞去了工作，去上时装设计课，根据题目要求，从中选出两点事实即可，不超过15个词。故答案为She quit/quitted her job and took the fashion-design course./ She attended a sewing class and took a part-time design course.
60．开放题。题目询问“你认为作者是你的榜样吗？请解释一下原因。”本题为开放性试题，根据自己的理解，言之有理，符合文章内容即可，不超过20个词，如果答案是肯定的，原因可以是“She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes.（她有勇气追随自己的心，做自己真正喜欢的事。）”；如果答案是否定的，原因可以是“I don’t like changes and I want to live a secure life.（我不喜欢变化，我想过安全的生活。）”。故答案为Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes./ Yes, (I do). I’d like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she./ No, (I don’t). I don’t like changes and I want to live a secure life.
Writing 3
【2021年天津卷第二次】Most of us associate learning with younger people—kids in school and college or recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an open university offering online courses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged in the pursuit of lifelong learning and displays her potential fbr teaching. She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last few years on the internet have been a great joy for me. I’ve taken so many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation(动画制作)too.”
She reaches countless people with her online courses and exposes them to what they can accomplish on their own using animation software, such as GoAnimate and PowToon. Her motivation fbr teaching on Udemy is “to get the tools to the people.”“You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own voice,” she explained.
Most of Anneke’s students start out thinking they’re not creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands how fear can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first animation to creating their own works.
She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. Grandparents, for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids.
“Tm an older woman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants others later in their lives to catch up with her on this journey.
56. What does Anneke enjoy doing after her retirement? (no more than 10 words)
57. According to Para. 2, what does Anneke expect her students to do with animation software? (no more than 10 words)
58. What is the main idea of Para. 3? (no more than 15 words)
59. Please explain the meaning of the underlined word in Para. 4(1 word)
60. What do you suggest old people learn to do? Please give your reason(s). (no more than 20 words)
【答案】56. Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others.
Or: Taking Udemy courses and teaching animation.
57. To make professional products and express themselves.
Or: To accomplish/complete professional and unique works.
Or: To achieve their goals/what they dream of.
58. Anneke helps her students get over the fear and create their own animation works.
59. Develop.
60. To learn to use social media, because it allows them to get to know the outside world better.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事动画教学的故事。
【56题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“She loves the experience of gaining new knowledge and also loves sharing it with others. (她喜欢获得新知识的经历，也喜欢与他人分享。)”以及她所说的话“I’ve taken so many Udemy courses, and ifs such a great feeling to get my brain working again. I find just as much satisfaction in teaching animation too. (我上了很多Udemy的课程，能让我的大脑重新工作真是太棒了。我在动画教学中也发现了同样的满足感。)”可知，Anneke退休后获得新的知识并与人分享，她参加Udemy课程并教授动画。故答案为Gaining new knowledge and sharing it with others. Or: Taking Udemy courses and teaching animation.
【57题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第二段中“Her motivation fbr teaching on Udemy is ‘to get the tools to the people.’‘You can go such a long way to make things that look professional but still have your own voice,’ she explained.(她教Udemy的动机是‘把工具带给人们’。她解释说：‘你可以走很长一段路，让事情看起来很专业，但仍然有自己的声音。’)”可以推知，她希望学生制作动画有专业性，同时要表达自己的思想，有自己的特色，实现自己的梦想。故答案为To make professional products and express themselves. Or: To accomplish/complete professional and unique works. Or: To achieve their goals/what they dream of.
【58题详解】
考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“Anneke understands how fear can get in the way of so many things people dream of doing. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear. Anneke loves the impact she has on her students. What makes her more proud of them is that they have gone from their first animation to creating their own works.
(Anneke知道恐惧是如何阻碍人们梦想的事情。通过为期五天的挑战课程，她帮助他们克服恐惧。Anneke喜欢她对学生的影响。更让她感到自豪的是，他们已经从第一部动画发展到创作自己的作品。)”可知，第3段的主旨是Anneke帮助学生克服克服恐惧并创造他们自己的动画作品。故答案为Anneke helps her students get over the fear and create their own animation works.
【59题详解】
考查词句猜测。划线词句后文“Grandparents, for example, can learn to use GoAnimate and make animations together with their grandkids. (例如，祖父母可以学习使用GoAnimate和他们的孙辈们一起制作动画。)”举例说明了Anneke主张让老年人和孙辈们一起制作动画，再根据划线词语“She encourages people of all ages, especially older people, to cultivate their curiosity for life. (她鼓励所有年龄段的人，尤其是老年人，cultivate他们对生活的好奇心。)”可知，Anneke鼓励老年人，培养发展他们的好奇心。从而推知划线词语cultivate应为“培养；发展”的意思。故答案为Develop.
【60题详解】
考查读后表达。通读全文，以Anneke Camstra 的榜样，我建议应该让老年人学习使用社交媒体，因为它使老年人能更好的了解外面的世界。故答案为To learn to use social media, because it allows them to get to know the outside world better.

2020年
Writing 1
【2020年天津卷第一次】I remember the day shyness took over my life. I was 14 and having a French lesson The teacher told us to record ourselves speaking about a holiday. Perfect！ I recorded myself with confidence. Then, I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange about me.
My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behind my computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank（缩小）. Everyday interactions, like ordering a coffee, became increasingly awkward and uncomfortable.
And then, one day I was at a big conference and it suddenly hit me like lightning. Al speakers were confident, comfortable with being seen. There were no quieter voices. But the trouble is, if the loud voices are the only ones you hear, we quiet people feel even more alienated（疏远的）。 The world needs a mixture of personalities. Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too. That day I chose to stop hiding and embrace my shyness. No more feeling like I needed to change who I am in order to succeed. No more living a small life.
Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of helping others, I could also push myself forward, bit by bit. Now, I'm happy to tell people I feel shy. I'm not ashamed any more. And I know that I’m not alone.
56. Why did the author feel strange about herself after listening to the recording? （no more than 10 words）
57. What is the main idea of Para.2? （no more than 10 words
58. What does the underlined word in Para.3 mean? （1 word）
59. Why did the author create the Shy and Mighty Society? （no more than 10 words）
60. Suppose you are in charge of the Shy and Mighty Society, what will you do to help other shy people? And why? （no more than 20 words）
【答案】
56. Because her voice was different from what she had expected.
Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking.
Or: Because of her little voice.
57. Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）
Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away.
Or: Her shyness kept her away from other people.
58. Accept.
Or: Welcome.
59. To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward.
Or: To help other shy people and herself.
60. I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and become more confident.
Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness.
Or: I will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个害羞的人，害差使作者不敢参加活动，并把自己封闭起来。后来作者接受了自己的害怕，并创建了Shy and Mighty Society，给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，共同提高。
56. 细节理解题。根据第一段“I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange about me.”可知，作者录完音后，按下“播放”键来听，奇怪地听到一个小孩在说话。作者的第一反应是以为在听别人的录音，但那是作者的声音。由此可知，作者感到奇怪是因为自己的声音小，或听到一个小孩在说话，或是感觉听到的不是自己期望的。故答案为：Because her voice was different from what she had expected. Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking. Or: Because of her little voice.
57.
段落大意题。根据第二段“My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behind my computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank（缩小）.” 可知作者的声音小，使作者害羞，害羞使作者不参加活动，不和别人交流。作者越隐藏自己，舒适区就越小。这些都说明了害羞使作者隐藏，远离了别人，给作者带来了坏影响。故答案为：Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）. Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away. Or: Her shyness kept her away from other people.
58. 词义猜测题。上句提到“The world needs a mixture of personalities. Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too.”表明作者感悟到这个世界需个性。成功不只是谁喊得声最大。世界也需要更安静的人。根据“That day I chose to stop hiding”可知作者选择不再躲藏，接受自己的害羞。embrace原意是“拥抱”，此处指“接受，迎接”，故答案为：Accept. Or: Welcome.
59. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of helping others, I could also push myself forward,”可知作者创建Shy and Mighty Society是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，在帮助别人的过程中，也可以推动自己一点点前进。故答案为：To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward. Or: To help other shy people and herself.
60. 推理判断题。作者创建Shy and Mighty Society是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，所以作为这个组织的负责人应该是组织活动或分享克服害羞的经验，用多种形式鼓励他人战胜害羞、增加自信、提高社交技能。故答案可以是：I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and become more confident. Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness. Or: I will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.

Writing 2
【2020年天津卷第二次】As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”.
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn’t feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)
_________________________
57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved? (no more than 15 words)
_________________________
58. According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth? (no more than 7 words)
_________________________
59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
_________________________
60. What is your example of “cool”? Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)
_________________________
【答案】
56. Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
58. Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
59. (How) the author discovered a broader definition of “cool”.
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
60. Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直活在哥哥泰森的阴影下，他的哥哥很酷，所以他总是被忽略。但当哥哥离开去上大学，他独自开始学校生活时，通过加入学校的Science Olympiad，他找到了真正的自己，也按自己的理解重新定义了”酷”。
56. 词义猜测题。根据第一段的As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected one.可知，就像任何一个弟弟会告诉你的那样，有一个大哥哥意味着走在别人的影子里，尤其是当你有一个很“酷”的哥哥时。多年以来，我想做我的哥哥泰森做的一切，但是无论我怎么努力，我总是被忽略的一个。根据句意，尤其是I was always the neglected one可推测，划线部分的意思是“得不到关注/被忽略”。故填:Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. 细节理解题。根据第二段的but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. (但当我们搬家时，一切都改变了。泰森去上大学了，所以我不得不独自在一个新的学校开始)可知，搬家后，作者的哥哥去上大学以及作者独自开始新学校的生活给了作者他新的开始。故填:That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
58. 细节理解题。根据第三段的I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did. (我一直对化学、生物和数学着迷，但因为这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义，所以我从来没有追求过。这一天，出于某种原因，我参加了)可知，参加Science Olympiad队是作者成长的转折点，因为他选择不再做哥哥的“影子”。故填:Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
59. 主旨大意题。根据本段的主要内容，尤其是Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.(现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。按照我自的方式，我也是个很酷的人。知道酷的定义比我以前认为的要宽泛得多，我感到很欣慰)可知，本段主要讲述了作者找到了自己的身份以及自己对酷的定义。故填:(How) the author discovered a broader definition of “cool”.
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
60.
开放性题目。只要回答出自己认为什么很酷，以及原因即可。故可填:Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.

2019年
Writing 1
【2018年浙江卷11月】 It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!
If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.
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【答案】It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying. Undoubtedly, students should visit their local colleges, which may be included in applications. At least, they should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance. For students who are short of money and time, registering for the online college fair is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.
【分析】本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及总结概括能力，熟练掌握从句、非谓语动词等语法知识和遣词造句的能力。
【详解】1. 要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂读透。
2. 抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply点明了本文主题；But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.说明了去大学看看的必要性和可行性；If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend.在时间上提供了更多选择；if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.为不能亲自去大学看的学生提供了另外一种方法。
3.拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。
4.快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。
5.对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注意词类、时态、语态的适当调整。
Writing 2
阅读表达
【2019年天津卷】Haze Mabry，who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans，wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday，after he arrived at the school，instead of finding garbage to clean up，he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards，blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway，some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children，"Mabry said.
On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school，but can't name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith，who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria，and Lucy，who just wants a hug.
“He won't brag（夸耀）on himself，but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is，he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him，he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building，"said Lori Gilreath，a reading teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students，cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday，so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.
Over the weekend，he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze，you are my sunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）
57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）
59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）
60. Who is the "sunshine” in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）
【答案】56. Cleaning the（school）building.
Or: Doing（the）cleaning.
Or: He cleans the（school）building.
Or: He does（the）cleaning.
57. By lining the hallways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and hugging him
Or: By lining the hallways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him.
58. Love.
Or: Liking.
Or: Fondness.
59. （Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work.
Or: （Because）he is kind/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working.
Or: （Because）he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.
60. My father/mother. （Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher. （Because）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend. （Because）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.
解析】
本文为记叙文。文中记叙了一位清洁工Mabry，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。Mabry 爱学生，关心学生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他80生日那天，学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的生日，表达了对Mabry的热爱。
56.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the hallways.”可知Haze Mabry是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：Cleaning the (school) building； Or：doing（the） cleaning；
Or: He cleans the (school)building； Or: He does (the) cleaning.
57.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some popped out of line to hug him.”可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有800名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。因此答案为：
By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
58.
猜测题意题。根据第二段学生们为Mabry庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容“Mabry thanked them all,”以及“They’re like my children.”可知 Mabry 爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们对Mabry的热爱。因此Mabry被学生的爱所感动，故所以的“affection”相当于“Love”，故填love。
Or: liking.
Or: Fondness.
59.
【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容“...he will always stop what he’s doing to take care of a
child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his
undivided attention. He’s the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段“Mabry works circles
around all the students, cleaning up messes others don’t want to touch. He doesn’t expect a lot.”
可知，Mabry 关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋
工作的人。因此答案为：
(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work.
Or: (Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students , and hard-working.
Or: (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.
60.
考查学生的观察综合表达能力。本题的题目：who is the "sunshine" in your life?”谁是你生活中的阳光？只要在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。因此答案可为：
My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I’m faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.