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    2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)第18讲非谓语动词之动词不定式(Word版附解析)

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    2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)第18讲非谓语动词之动词不定式(Word版附解析)

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    这是一份2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)第18讲非谓语动词之动词不定式(Word版附解析),共23页。试卷主要包含了 三年真题动词不定式考点细目表, 命题规律及备考策略, 不定式的各种形式及其意义, 她想去就可以去等内容,欢迎下载使用。
    第18讲 非谓语动词之动词不定式(核心考点精讲精练)


    1. 三年真题动词不定式考点细目表

    时间
    卷次
    语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
    2023年
    新高考I卷
    语法填空: to bite; 作宾语
    to be lifted 作宾语补足语
    新高考II卷
    语法填空: /
    全国甲卷
    语法填空: to teach 作目的状语
    短文改错: /
    全国乙卷
    语法填空: /
    短文改错:to washing改为to wash 作目的状语
    北京卷
    语法填空: to address 作目的状语
    浙江卷
    (1月)语法填空: /
    (6月)语法填空: /
    天津卷
    单项选择: /
    2022年
    新高考I卷
    语法填空: to increase 作目的状语
    新高考II卷
    语法填空: to see作目的状语
    全国甲卷
    语法填空: :to journey作后置定语
    短文改错: /
    全国乙卷
    语法填空: to strengthen 作目的状语
    短文改错: /
    北京卷
    语法填空: to harm 作后置定语
    浙江卷
    (1月)语法填空: to continue 作宾语
    (6月)语法填空: /
    天津卷
    单项选择: To keep作目的状语
    2021年
    新高考I卷
    语法填空: /
    新高考II卷
    语法填空: to educate 作目的状语
    全国甲卷
    语法填空: to walk 固定句型作主语
    短文改错:
    全国乙卷
    语法填空: to have 作宾语
    短文改错:
    北京卷
    语法填空: to invest 作后置定语
    浙江卷
    (1月)语法填空: to plant 作目的状语
    (6月)语法填空:
    天津卷
    (第一次) 单项选择:
    (第二次)单项选择:

    2. 命题规律及备考策略
    【命题规律】
    近3年对于动词不定式主要考查:
    1.不定式作的句法功能(目的状语、定语、宾补、主语和宾语);
    2.不定式的一些固定搭配、固定句型;
    3. 不定式的各种形式及其意义。
    【备考策略】
    1. 系统归类不定式的用法;
    2. 熟练掌握不定式的各种形式的意义和用法,尤其是不定式作目的状语及其固定搭配、固定句型。
    【命题预测】
    预测2024年高考语法填空和短文改错对不定式的考查仍然会成为的重点和难点,尤其是考查不定式的一些固定搭配、固定句型。



    动词不定式的基本概念

    1)不定式的各种形式
    种类
    时态
    主动形式及意义
    被动形式及意义
    不定式
    一般式
    to do 将要发生或发生在谓语动词的动作后
    to be done 被动、将来
    进行式
    to be doing 谓语发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生

    完成式
    to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前
    to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前
    2)非谓语动词的句法功能:
    功能
    形式
    主语
    宾语
    表语
    定语
    状语
    补语
    不定式






    V-ing






    V-ed







    考点一 动词不定式作状语
    1. 作目的状语
    不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号,强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用in order to/so as to+动词原形,但so as to不用于句首。
    To make friend s easily, you need to be very kind.
    要想很容易地交朋友,你需要友善。
    2. 作结果状语
    a.不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式,为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。
    I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone.
    我匆忙赶到火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。
    b.不定式作结果状语还常用于so ... as to ..., such ... as to ..., enough to ..., too ... to ...等结构中。
    She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.
    她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。
    She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students.
    她是个如此好的老师,以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。
    The house is large enough to hold two hundred people.
    这座房子足够大,可以容纳两百人。
    3. 作原因状语
    不定式与情感类形容词连用时,大多表示原因,用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有:happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。
    They were surprised to be informed of the news.
    被告知这一消息他们感到吃惊。
    She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted.
    得知儿子升职了,她很高兴。
    4. 动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面作状语,构成“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构,在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。另外需注意的是在该结构中,不定式中的动词必须是及物动词,若为不及物动词,则要在其后加上适当的介词,使之构成及物动词短语。
    This book is difficult to understand.
    这本书很难懂。
    The picture is pleasant to look at.
    这张画很好看。
    5. 作独立成分
    下列结构常用作独立成分:
    to tell the truth说实话; to be honest诚实地说; to put it briefly前言之;
    to be frank坦白地说; to begin/start with首先; to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是; to put it in a nutshell简而言之

    1.(2023·全国甲卷 语法填空)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 61.       (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
    【答案】to teach 
    【解析】考查不定式。句意:几千年来,人们讲寓言故事或为了教课或为了传递智慧。根据空后的or to pass on wisdom可知,此处和后文是并列关系,故填to teach。
    2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42their____ (they) contents.
    【41题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。


    1.(2023·江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二)He used different shades of ink ____ ___ (model) the shrimp’s torso (躯干) and head. These shrimps are not just passive subject matter; rather they are firmly stating their presence.
    【答案】to model
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他用不同色调的墨水来展示虾的躯干和头部。此处作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填to model。
    2.(2023·山西省高三1月适应性调研考试(一模))China is developing a new-generation launch vehicle ____ ____(send) astronauts to the moon, which will be completed by 2030.
    【答案】to send
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国正在开发新一代运载火箭,将宇航员送上月球,并将于2030年完成。根据语境可知,此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to send。
    3.(2023·湖北省腾云联盟八月联考)It will use a new system _______ fixed-wing aircraft, which will give it a much greater combat (作战) capability than its two predecessors (前任), the Liaoning and the Shandong.
    【答案】to launch
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它将使用一种新的系统发射固定翼飞机,这将使其拥有比前两种型号辽宁舰和山东舰更大的作战能力。分析句子结构可知launch在句中应用非谓语动词形式,此处作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to launch。

    考点二 l动词不定式作定语

    不定式作定语,通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
    (1) 表示将来的动作时,根据需要不定式可用主动或被动形式。
    His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.
    他下个月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。
    I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
    我借了一些假期读的书。
    (2 )表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰,如:chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等,常表同位关系。
    Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
    你有用英语读和写的能力吗?
    (3)名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰,再被非谓语修饰时,一般用不定式作定语,表主谓关系。
    She is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
    她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。
    (4)在表示有要做的事情时,通常用不定式作定语,不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。
    —Do you have anything to be typed, sir?
    —No, thanks.
    ——先生,你有东西要打印吗?
    ——没有,谢谢。
    I have a lot of work to do.
    我有许多活要干。

    若不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则要在该动词后加适当的介词。
    I have no pen to write with.
    我没有写字用的钢笔。
    He had no money and no place to live in.
    他没钱,也没地方住。

    (2022·全国甲卷)A visually­challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
    【答案】to journey 
    【解析】此处journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前有序数词修饰,应用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。


    1.(2023·山东省“学情空间”区域教研共同体联考)GMO food(转基因食品) products became part of the U.S. diet in the mid-1990s. People who support GMO food say that their potential ____ ____ (solve) world hunger outweighs any unknown risks.
    【答案】to solve
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:支持转基因食品的人说,它们解决世界饥饿问题的潜力超过了任何未知的风险。potential后常用不定式作后置定语,故填to solve。
    2.(2023·江苏省南京市第一中学高三第一次模拟)“We tell people about the club and our goals ____ ____ (raise) awareness,” said member Kevin Guo, 16.
    【答案】to raise
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:16岁的会员Kevin Guo说:“我们向人们介绍这个俱乐部,以及我们提高人们的认识的目标。”此处用动词不定式充当定语,修饰前面的名词。故填to raise。

    考点三 动词不定式作主语、宾语和表语
    1) 作主语
    不定式(短语)作主语,表示某一具体的,尤其是未发生的动作。可位于句首,也可用it作形式主语,而把不定式置于后面。不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
    To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
    It's not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.
    学好英语不容易,广泛阅读是有必要的。
    It's important for the figures to be updated regularly.
    对数字进行定期更新很重要。
    2)作宾语
    下列动词只跟不定式作宾语
    口诀
    动词
    希望学会想决心
    hope/wish/expect, learn, want, decide/determine
    设法拒绝愿假装
    manage, refuse, care, pretend
    主动承诺选计划
    offer, promise, choose, plan
    请求同意来帮忙
    ask/beg, agree , help
    She closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep.他闭上眼睛,假装睡着了。
    注意:有些动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”短语作宾语,如,discover, explain, wonder等。
    I wonder how to deal with the colourful apples.我想知道怎样处理这些五彩的苹果。
    He has no choice but to leave.他除了离开别无选择。(作介词to 的宾语)
    3) 作表语
    表示一般的概念时,不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换,而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时,一般用不定式。
    ③What she likes is watching/to watch children play.
    她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
    ④ My wish is to become a good teacher.
    我的愿望就是要当个好老师。

    1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether        (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
    【答案】to bite 
    【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。空处与后面to put 并列,充当decide的宾语。
    2. [2021·八省1月联考] Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier ________(make)eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
    【答案】to make
    【解析】考查不定式。幸运的是,现在更容易选择环保的生活方式。此处it是形式主语,后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to make。

    1.(2023·重庆市第八中学校4月考)But the one thing that reading a book or talking to someone cannot do is ________ (provide) you with the experience of wandering Paris on foot.
    【答案】 to provide/provide
    【解析】考查不定式。句意:但是,读书或与某人交谈无法做到的一件事就是为您提供步行流浪巴黎的体验。从one thing...cannot do可知,空处为不定式做表语,主语部分有实义动词do,to可以省略。故填(to)provide。
    2.(2023·福建省漳州市第一次教学质量检测)The film, jointly produced by Suzhou Broadcasting Cooperation and Suzhou Protection and Management Office of Intangible Cultural Heritage, aims ____ ____ (present) an elegant and fresh Chinese culture to overseas audiences.
    【答案】to present
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这部电影是由苏州广电总台和苏州市非遗办联合出品,旨在给海外观众呈现一个既优雅又鲜活的中国文化。aim to do sth.表示“旨在做某事”,所以应填to present。故填to present。


    考点四 作补语
    下列动词(短语)后跟带to的不定式作宾补
    advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, order, persuade,
    prefer, require, teach, tell, want, wish, warn, remind, wait for, call on, depend on等。
    Our teacher encourages us to face difficulty bravely.我们老师鼓励我们勇敢地面对困难。
    She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.她要我在她不在的时候接电话。
    易错点:1. 感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式,试比较(以see为例):

    ① I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动,完成)
    刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
    ② I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动,正在进行)
    昨天经过她房间时,我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。
    ③ To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被动,无时间性)
    为了学好英语,我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。
    易错点:2 使役动词+宾语+宾补


    注意:(1)在以上省去to的不定式作宾补的结构中,若变为被动语态,需将省去的不定式符号to补出来。
    He made his workers work 12 hours a day.(主动)
    →His workers were made to work 12 hours a day.(被动)
    他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。
    (2)have还可以用于“have sth to do/to be done”结构中,其中have作“有”讲,用不定式作定语。
    I have something urgent to inform you.

    (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
           (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
    【答案】to be lifted 
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。


    1.(2023·河北省石家庄市全过程测试)No schools are allowed _________ (decline) their appeal for schooling.
    【答案】to decline
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:任何学校都不得拒绝他们的入学申请。分析可知,此处是固定搭配allow…to do sth.“允许……做某事”的被动形式be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”,不定式作主语补足语。故填to decline。
    2.(2023·江苏省南通市通州、兴化、泗洪第一次质量监测)With 100 days ____ ____(go) before the college entrance examination, our school held a coming-of-age ceremony for Senior 3 students.
    【答案】to go
    【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:距离高考还有100天,我们学校为高三学生举行了成人仪式。分析句子可知,空格处考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。根据句意,距离高考还有100天,此处表将来,应用动词不定式,作宾语补足语。故填to go。

    考点五 动词不定式的其它考点
    1)不定式的主动表被动
    (1) 不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时。
    If you want to make even greater progress in your studies, you still have many difficulties to overcome.
    如果你想在学业上取得更大的进步,那么你还需要克服许多困难。
    (2) 在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,性质形容词如easy,hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,pleasant, comfortable,dangerous,impossible 等。
    He is not easy to get along with. 他不易相处。
    The book is very interesting to read.这本书读一读是很有趣的。
    (3)不定式与疑问代词连用时。
    I don't know which to choose because there isn’t any difference between the two.
    两者之间毫无差别,所以我真不知道该选哪个。
    (4) 某些动词不定式与be连用时,如to blame(责备),to seek(寻找),to let(出租)等。
    He is to blame for this.他因这件事该受责备。
    The answer is not hard to seek.答案不难寻找。
    2)不定式的被动语态
    (1) 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。
    A lot of graduates ask to be sent to work where they are most needed every year.
    每年都有毕业生要求被派往最需要他们的地方工作。
    (2) 不定式的被动语态一般式通常表示将来的动作。
    The topic to be discussed tomorrow is about climate change
    明天要讨论的主题是关于气候变化的。
    (3) 不定式的被动语态完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
    The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
    这部小说据说被翻译成了种语言。
    3)下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to:
    (1)主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句,且从句中含有do的某种形式时。
    (2)主语是the only,the first,the last,形容词最高级或被这些词修饰,主语后有定语从句,且定语从句中含有do的某种形式时。
    All you need to do now is complete the form.
    你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
    What I want to do most in senior high school is improve my English.
    我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
    The only thing to do now is go on.
    前进是现在唯一的出路。
    (3)省略不定式是否保留to
    在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,有时不定式可以省略,但通常保留不定式符号to。如:
    ☞I shall go if I want to. 如果我想去就去。
    ☞ "Don’t be late." "I’ll try not to." "不要来晚了。""我尽量不来晚。"
    ☞Don’t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。
    注意:1. 若被省略的不定式为to be短语,则通常应保留to be。如:
    ☞He is not the man he used to be. 他已不是原来的那个样子了。
    2. 有时省略不定式时,同时也可省略to。如:
    ☞She may go if she likes (to). 她想去就可以去。


    One thing you can’t help but________when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space.
    A.notice B.to notice C.to be noticed D.being noticed
    【答案】A
    【详解】考查固定短语。句意:当你开车环游澳大利亚时,你会不由自主地注意到一件事,那就是这个国家广阔的空间。此处为短语can’t help but do sth.,表示“只能做某事,不得不做”。故选A。
    The entertainment park________by the end of 2023 will attract visitors at home and abroad.
    A.accomplished B.being accomplished
    C.to be accomplished D.having been accomplished
    【答案】C
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:即将于2023低年完工的娱乐公园将会吸引国内外的游客。根据句子分析可知,此处作定语,修饰the entertainment park,且the entertainment park与accomplish之间为被动关系,根据时间状语by the end of 2023可知,此处为将来时的被动,故应用to be done作定语,故选C。


    1.One thing you can’t help but________when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space.
    A.notice B.to notice C.to be noticed D.being noticed
    【答案】A
    【详解】考查固定短语。句意:当你开车环游澳大利亚时,你会不由自主地注意到一件事,那就是这个国家广阔的空间。此处为短语can’t help but do sth.,表示“只能做某事,不得不做”。故选A。
    2.With the ever-serious pollution, many species, including endangered ones, are known ________ by ocean plastics in the past decades.
    A.to have been affected B.to have affected
    C.having been affected D.having affected
    【答案】A
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着日益严重的污染,许多物种的生存,包括濒危物种,在过去的几十年里受到海洋塑料的严重威胁,从而引发人们的关注。be known to do为固定短语,意为“做某事被熟知”;且非谓语动词短语表述的现象早于谓语动词发生,故应使用不定式的完成式;提示词“affect影响”与其逻辑主语many species之间为被动关系,应用to have been done形式,故选A。
    3.Your sister is said ______ in the supermarket when she was doing shopping yesterday.
    A.to be treated badly B.treating badly
    C.being badly treated D.to have been badly treated
    【答案】D
    【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:据说你妹妹昨天在超市购物时受到了不好的待遇。sb. be said to do固定搭配,意为“据说某人做某事”,且根据句意可知,不定式的动作“对待”发生在谓语动词“据说”之前,故用不定式的完成式。故选D。



    过关检测

    1.(2023·西南名校高三第一次大联考)The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort ________ (get) rid of smallpox.
    【答案】to get 
    【解析】effort后面应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to get。
    2.(2023·江苏省南京市第一中学高三第一次模拟)“We tell people about the club and our goals ____ ____ (raise) awareness,” said member Kevin Guo, 16.
    【答案】to raise
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:16岁的会员Kevin Guo说:“我们向人们介绍这个俱乐部,以及我们提高人们的认识的目标。”此处用动词不定式充当定语,修饰前面的名词。故填to raise。
    3.(2023·江苏省扬州中学测试)Gaining inspiration from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s unique position as the first city _____ _____(host) the Summer and Winter Olympics.
    【答案】to host
    【解析】考查不定式。句意:第二次从翡翠中汲取灵感,彰显了中国首都作为第一个举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市的独特地位。序数词后动词不定式做后置定语,修饰city,故填to host。
    4.(2023·广东省惠州实验中学5月试题)This community, called Hua Yan Hui, was founded in 2011 following a Hanfu revival (复兴) movement that emerged from growing cultural confidence and the desire ___ (express) national identity. Since then, he has been volunteering to support the group.
    【答案】to express
    【解析】考查不定式。句意:这个名为“华严会”的社团成立于2011年,随着汉服复兴运动的兴起,这场运动源于日益增长的文化自信和表达民族认同的愿望。the desire to do“做……的欲望”,不定式作定语修饰desire,故填to express。
    5. [2021·八省1月联考)] In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways ________(reduce)my carbon footprint on the planet.
    【答案】to reduce
    【解析】考查不定式。在我的日常生活里,我正在进行一次寻找不同方法来减少碳排放的旅程。此处是短语way to do something意为:做事的方法。不定式作定语。故填to reduce。
    6. [2021·吉林省吉林市高三第一次调研考试]Another Weibo user wrote, “Thank you for giving me an opportunity ______ (appreciate) the landscape in the countryside.”
    【答案】to appreciate 
    【解析】考查不定式。谢谢你给我一个欣赏乡村风景的机会。句中涉及固定短语“an opportunity to do sth.”,意为“一个做某事的机会”,此处是不定式短语作定语。故填to appreciate。
    3. [2023·吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量检测]Several years ago, Wang left Shandong ______ (live) with his children in Mengshan county.
    【答案】to live
    【解析】考查不定式。几年前,王离开山东,和他的孩子们一起住在蒙山县。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to live。
    7.(2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考)Two things I did may have caused people ________(think) that something is wrong with me.
    【答案】to think
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我做的两件事可能让人们认为我有问题。固定搭配cause sb to do sth.“让某人做某事”。故填to think。
    8.(2023·河北省石家庄市全过程测试)No schools are allowed _________ (decline) their appeal for schooling.
    【答案】to decline
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:任何学校都不得拒绝他们的入学申请。分析可知,此处是固定搭配allow…to do sth.“允许……做某事”的被动形式be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”,不定式作主语补足语。故填to decline。
    9.(2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学模拟)After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad ________ (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
    【答案】to visit
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:清朝结束后,故宫博物院于1925年建立,允许国内外游客参观建筑和欣赏艺术珍品。根据句中谓语“was established”可知,此处应为非谓语动词;固定短语allow sb to do sth 意为:允许某人做某事,符合句意,故应用动词不定式to visit。故填to visit。
    10.(2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底)The ox was originally first, but he was so kind that he agreed ____ ____(carry) the little rat across the river.
    【答案】to carry
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:牛本来是第一个过河的,但是他很善良,所以同意带着小老鼠过河。结合句意表示“同意做某事”可知短语为agree to do sth.。故填to carry。
    11.(2023·江苏省南通市海门实验学校学情调研二)While much attention is paid to the outside of a bag-its design, brand and, unavoidably, its price tag, most people tends___ ___(ignore) the rich and complex internal life hidden in it.
    【答案】to ignore
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据短语tend to do sth.表示“倾向于,往往会”。故填to ignore。
    12..(2023·湖南省部分校教育联盟摸底)In the main cultural venue of Jiaxing city’s Xiuzhou District, Zhejiang Province, a few elderly women are using their imagination and some bright colors ____ ____(paint) the wonderful scenes of life in Jiangnan, or “south of the Yangtze River”.
    【答案】to paint
    【解析】考查不定式。句意:在浙江省嘉兴市秀州区的文化主会场上,几位老年妇女正在用她们的想象力和一些鲜艳的色彩描绘江南生活的美好景象。根据语境可知,空格处用不定式表目的,故填to paint。
    13.(2023·江苏省扬州市宝应县检测)With space for just 40 people at a time, visitors line up ___ ___(enter) the library, which only opens on weekends.
    【答案】to enter
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于一次只能容纳40人,游客排队进入图书馆,图书馆只在周末开放。结合句意,游客排队的目的是进入图书馆,表目的应用不定式。故填to enter。
    14.(2023·云南省曲靖市一中高质量监测(五)) ________ (address) the problems, Yan improved Dai’s papermaking technology, thus saving production time and reducing labor costs.
    【答案】To address
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了解决这个问题,严改进了傣族的造纸技术,从而节省了生产时间,降低了劳动力成本。句中用不定式作目的状语,表示“为了……”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填 To address。
    15.(2023·江苏省镇江市调研)The “Asian Games International Class” was specially set up for foreign friends living in Zhejiang____ ____(welcome) the 19th Asian Games, which will introduce the cultural and tourism resources of Zhejiang.
    【答案】to welcome
    【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:为迎接第19届亚运会,专门为旅在浙江的外国朋友开设“亚运国际班”,介绍浙江的文化旅游资源。分析句子可知,此处为动词不定式to do“为了……”,作目的状语,满足句意要求。故填to welcome。
    16.(2023·山东省齐鲁名校大联盟联考) She’s leading a group of students and parents to a garden ________(collect) data.
    【答案】to collect
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:她带领一群学生和家长到一个花园收集数据。非谓语动词担当目的状语,用动词的不定式形式。故填to collect。
    17.(2023·广东省惠州实验中学5月试题)This community, called Hua Yan Hui, was founded in 2011 following a Hanfu revival (复兴) movement that emerged from growing cultural confidence and the desire ___ (express) national identity. Since then, he has been volunteering to support the group.
    【答案】to express
    【解析】考查不定式。句意:这个名为“华严会”的社团成立于2011年,随着汉服复兴运动的兴起,这场运动源于日益增长的文化自信和表达民族认同的愿望。the desire to do“做……的欲望”,不定式作定语修饰desire,故填to express。
    18.(2023·江苏省镇江实验高中检测)The history of Chinese characters dates back to ancient times, with a history of at least several thousand years. It is agreed that hanzi began as simple pictures, images that the ancient Chinese people drew, painted, and carved ___ ___(describe) nature and their lives.
    【答案】to describe
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:人们一致认为,汉字最初是作为简单的图画,是古代中国人民绘制、绘画和雕刻来描述自然和他们的生活的图像。句子谓语动词为began,所以动词describe要以非谓语的形式出现。根据句意可知,此处表达“用来描述自然和他们的生活的图像”,所以用不定式表目的。故填to describe。
    19.(2023·江苏省常州市教育学会学业水平监测)However, more significantly, Mbappé has scored nine goals in World Cups, becoming the first player ____ ____(reach) that mark before his 24th birthday. Mbappé passed two footballing legends with his double. Both Diego Maradona and Cristiano Ronaldo have eight World Cup goals to their names.
    【答案】to reach
    【解析】考查不定式。句意:然而,更重要的是,Mbappé在世界杯上打进了9球,成为第一个在24岁生日之前达到这一目标的球员。设空处修饰名词player作定语,名词前面有the first修饰,一般用不定式作后置定语,故填to reach。
    20.(2023·哈尔滨师范大学附属中学第三次模拟)JongMay Urbonya is an American lady full of surprises: she is fluent in Mandarin; she is so enthusiastic about Hanfu as ____ ___ (wear) that every day.
    【答案】to wear
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:JongMay Urbonya是一位充满惊喜的美国女士:她说一口流利的普通话;她非常喜欢汉服,每天都穿。分析句子结构可知,此处为“so...as to do sth.”结构,意为“如此……以致于……”,所以使用不定式形式,且表主动意义。故填to wear。
    21.(2023·江苏省徐州市高三5月模拟) In recent years, however, Wuxi has carried out a series of reforms and innovation (promote) the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage projects.
    【答案】to promote
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但近年来,无锡市在推进非物质文化遗产项目传承方面进行了一系列改革创新。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中做状语表示目的,使用动词不定式,故填to promote。
    22.(2023·广东省深圳市二调) So people in Nuanquan made use of scrap iron and developed Da Shuhua as a way________(celebrate) festivals.
    【答案】to celebrate
    【解析】考查非谓语的不定式。句意:因此,暖泉人利用废铁,发展了打树花作为庆祝节日的一种方式。固定结构为a way to do sth.。故填to celebrate。
    23.(2023·河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调) ________ (preserve) the ancient tea trees, Yunnan Province has passed a protection regulation recently,clarifying that wild and cultivated tea plants aged over 100 years should be better protected in the province.
    【答案】To preserve
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了保护古茶树,云南省最近通过了一项保护条例,明确了要更好地保护该省100年以上的野生和栽培茶树。本句有谓语has passed ,故使用非谓语动词形式,分析句意,表示“为了保护”,故用不定式作目的状语。句首单词的首字母应大写。故填To preserve。
    24.(2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模)This made tea easier ________ (transport) and more plea sig to the tongue.
    【答案】to transport
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这使茶叶更容易运输且偿起来很好。make sth.+形容词+to do固定用法,意为“使得做某事是……”,故填to transport。
    25.(2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学模拟)After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad ________ (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
    【答案】to visit
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:清朝结束后,故宫博物院于1925年建立,允许国内外游客参观建筑和欣赏艺术珍品。根据句中谓语“was established”可知,此处应为非谓语动词;固定短语allow sb to do sth 意为:允许某人做某事,符合句意,故应用动词不定式to visit。故填to visit。
    26.(2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学4月押题) “We don’t have relevant experience________(refer) to, so we have to build the zone by doing our research and exploration,” Liu Ye, a professor at Tsinghua University, said to Xinhua.
    【答案】to refer
    【解析】考查不定式。句意:清华大学教授刘烨对新华社表示:“我们没有相关经验可供参考,所以我们必须通过研究和探索来建设这个区域”。根据句意和所给动词refer以及句中的动词have分析句子可知,空格处应该填入不定式形式作定语(have something to do)。故填to refer。
    26.(2023·广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟)This community, called Hua Yan Hui, was founded in 2011 following a Hanfu revival(复兴) movement that emerged from growing cultural confidence and the desire ________(express) national identity.
    【答案】to express
    【解析】考查不定式。句意同上。the desire to do“做……的欲望”,故用不定式作定语修饰desire,故填to express。
    27.(2023·广东省名校联盟高三3月大联考) This led to a number of people making bungee jumps for TV shows or as a way_______(show) off their skills, often off extremely famous structures such as the Eiffel Tower.
    【答案】to show
    【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:这导致许多人在电视节目中蹦极,或者作为一种炫耀技能的方式,通常是从埃菲尔铁塔等非常著名的建筑物上蹦极。分析句子可知,此空填动词不定式,to show作way的后置定语。故填to show。
    28.(2023·湖北·华中师大一附中校考模拟预测)Officials organized the ceremonies ________ (celebrate) the day and people visited each other with delicious food.
    【答案】to celebrate
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:官员们组织仪式来庆祝这一天,人们用美味的食物互相拜访。所填词作目的状语,用动词不定式。故填to celebrate。
    29.(2023·江苏省淮安市两校(楚州中学、新马中学)联考)In 1946, he left his hometown ____ ____ (study) at Beifang University, where he began publishing poems and novels.
    【答案】to study
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1946年,他离开家乡到北方大学学习,在那里他开始出版诗歌和小说。结合句意可知,此处表示目的,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to study。
    30. (2023·湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学模拟) ________ (welcome) Lichun, ancient emperors and officials dressed up and held grand ceremonies on this day to worship the God of the Spring.
    【答案】To welcome
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了迎接立春,古代的皇帝和官员会在这一天盛装打扮,举行盛大的仪式,祭拜春神。根据句意,“(welcome) Lichun”作目的状语,welcome是非谓语动词,应用不定式to welcome表示目的;句首单词首字母大写。故填To welcome。
    31.(2023·湖北省模拟)Today in Weifang, there are virtually no limitations on the shapes or sizes of kites, which can be made _________ (represent) people’s ideals and desires.
    【答案】to represent
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如今在潍坊,风筝的形状和大小几乎没有限制,可以用来代表人们的理想和原文。分析句子可知,空格处为句子目的状语,应使用动词不定式,故填to represent。
    32.(2023·江苏省扬州中学测试)Gaining inspiration from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s unique position as the first city _____ _____(host) the Summer and Winter Olympics.
    【答案】to host
    【解析】考查不定式。句意:第二次从翡翠中汲取灵感,彰显了中国首都作为第一个举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市的独特地位。序数词后动词不定式做后置定语,修饰city,故填to host。
    33.(江苏省决胜新高考2023年高三4月大联考试题)Xidi and Hongcun are, without doubt, ideal sites for a contemporary society _________ (research) traditional village culture.
    【答案】to research
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:西递和宏村无疑是当代社会研究传统村落文化的理想场所。根据句意可知,此处表达“来进行研究”,所以用不定式。故填to research。
    2.(2023届广东省梅州市高三下学期二模英语试题)Although Wan has to stay up late________(work) sometimes, she thinks it’s all worthwhile when she sees her grandpa smile more and more.
    【答案】to work
    【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意:虽然有时要熬夜工作,但当她看到爷爷笑得越来越开心时,她觉得这一切都是值得的。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to work。
    34.(2023年福建龙岩第一中学校考三模) This expresses the desire of the Arab people ________ ( seek) knowledge from China.
    【答案】to seek
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这表达了阿拉伯人民向中国学习的愿望。the desire to do sth.固定搭配,意为“做某事的愿望”,故填to seek。
    35..(2023届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟考试)“You could tell Tim was very relaxed ________(have) someone he could talk to, and she was such an angel.”
    【答案】to have
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:“你可以看出Tim很放松有一个可以和他交谈的人,她真是个天使。分析句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词作状语,be relaxed to do sth.意“做某事感到放松”,所以此处使用不定式形式。故填to have。
    36.(2023届陕西省榆林市高三二模试题)The Philadelphia Orchestra, as the first American orchestra_________(visit) China, bridged the two nations in the field of culture.
    【答案】to visit
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:费城交响乐团作为首支造访中国的美国乐团,为两国文化交流搭建了桥梁。“the first+名词+to do sth.”意为“第一个做……的……”,所以空处应用不定式。故填to visit。

    真题演练
    2023年

    1.【2023年全国乙卷】 She went right into the shower to washing it, but it was no use.
    9.考查非谓语动词。句意:她直接走进淋浴间去洗,但是没有用。此处不定式表目的,应用动词原形。故washing改为wash。
    2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
    【37题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,故填to bite。
    【38题详解】
    考查连词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”,固定搭配,根据句意,故填or。
    3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents.
    【41题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
    【42题详解】
    考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
    4.【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom
    【41题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知,此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”,所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
    5. 【2023年北京卷】She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
    【19题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语,故用不定式。故填to address。
    【20题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,故填facing。

    2022年

    1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
    答案:to increase
    解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语,做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
    2.【2022全国甲卷】A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
    答案:to journey
    解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知,journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序数词,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
    6.【2022全国乙卷】__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
    答案:to strengthen; inviting
    解析:考查非谓语动词。第一空:句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。第二空:句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
    7.【2022年浙江卷1月】That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________(continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
    答案:to continue
    解析:考查动词不定式。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式,plan to do sth“计划做”,故填to continue。
    8.【2022年新高考2卷】Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them.
    答案:to see
    解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
    9.【2022年北京卷】As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
    考查非谓语动词。句意:海伦担心他可能有意伤害她,便开始快跑。分析句子结构,可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式,have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”,固定搭配,不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
    10.【2022年天津卷第二次】________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball.
    A. To be kept B. Kept C. To keep D. Keeping
    【答案】C
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了让精力充沛的学生能够在雨天待在室内活动,James Naismith创造了篮球。分析句子结构可知,此处应填非谓语动词形式,结合句意可知,此处意为“为了”表示目的,所以该处为不定式作目的状语,且keep与逻辑主语James Naismith之间为主动关系。故选C项。
    2021年


    1.【2021全国甲卷】 It is possible      3      (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
    【答案】 to walk
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式,故填 to walk 。
    2.【2021全国乙卷】
    Activitithere range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim      10      (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
    【答案】to have
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目,句子中已经有一个谓语动词,判断此处填非谓语动词。aim to do sth,意为 "目的在于做某事" ,因此应填不定式形式。句意:……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。故填to have。
    3.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over      8      (plant) flowers in the front yard.
    【答案】 to plant
    【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访,在前院里种些花。
    4.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】I decided to do something ____58____ (educate) people about this problem.
    【58题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,____3____ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。
    5.【2021年北京卷】Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster prevention.

    【20题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:研究结果表明,急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知,此处表示未来的动作,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to invest。

    2020年


    1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】 Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66. (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "
    66. 考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
    2.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】 I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it.
    2.考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。
    3.考查情态动词用法。句意:并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词,后接动词原形,to多余,故将to去掉。
    4.考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。
    3.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】They are easy 68. (care) for and make great presents.
    68. 考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
    4.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】 The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67. (find) the well-known painter.
    67. 考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
    5.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】 I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things, we may become ill.
    第八处:考查固定句型。句意:我告诉我妈妈,如果我们被迫吃东西,我们可能会生病。be forced to do sth.被迫做某事,所以forced 后面加to。
    6.【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders____36____(begin)computer classes.
    【36题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:如今,10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见。本题考查“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”结构,该结构it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。故填to begin。
    7.【2020年北京卷】 It takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down.
    【5题详解】
    考查动词不定式。句意:它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事),此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语,It形式主语。故填to break。
    8.【2020年浙江卷7月】 Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___60___(change)lives.
    【60题详解】
    考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
    9. 【2020年天津卷第一次】The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth.
    A. to be promoted B. being promoted C. promoting D. to promote
    【答案】D
    【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知,句中存在谓语doesn't have to sacrifice,空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系,因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。
    2019

    1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. ...
    63. of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语,用of 连接,“methods of doing sth.”,意为“…的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
    64. to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用to perform。
    2.【2019年全国卷III】 On our way to the house,it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
    61.so【解析】考查副词。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此…以至于…”,引导结果状语从句。故填so。
    62.to get【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子,wondering后的句子不缺谓语,此处应填非谓语动词,故填to get。
    3.【2019年全国卷III】I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe.
    第一处:【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语,to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。
    4.【2019年浙江卷6月】 But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.
    63. to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事,这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
    5.【2018年浙江卷11月】 One study showed that _____64_____(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely ________65________(have) children with birth defects.
    64.考查名词。此处表示泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女,指某一类人用名词复数。故填women。
    65.考查动词不定式。此处指每天喝大量咖啡的妇女,怀孕时孩子很可能会先天畸形。表示“可能做某事”是be likely to do sth.,用动词不定式,故填to have。
    6.【2019年江苏卷】___________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
    A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
    30.A【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。

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