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2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)第11讲谓语动词的时态(解析版)
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这是一份2024年高考英语一轮复习考点精讲精练(全国通用)第11讲谓语动词的时态(解析版),共23页。试卷主要包含了 命题规律及备考策略, 过去完成时的意义和构成;, 将来进行时的意义和构成, 表示婉转语气等内容,欢迎下载使用。
第11讲谓语动词的时态(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 三年真题谓语动词的时态考点细目表
时间
卷次
语法填空/短文改错/单项选择
2023年
新高考I卷
语法填空: /
新高考II卷
语法填空: I ___65_ wished__ (wish)
全国甲卷
语法填空: /
短文改错:make改为made
全国乙卷
语法填空:was amazed;
means;
短文改错: choose改为chose
北京卷
语法填空: 11. would throw 13. had arrived
has established
浙江卷
语法填空1月: featured
天津卷
单项选择:
2022年
新高考I卷
语法填空: were;
is designed
新高考II卷
语法填空: 42. was fixing
43. threw
全国甲卷
语法填空: has walked
短文改错:
was改为were;
become改为became;
全国乙卷
语法填空: addressed
短文改错:
were改为are。
北京卷
语法填空: caught;
has;
has increased
浙江卷
语法填空1月: is viewed或has been viewed
are;
have promised
天津卷
第二次单项选择: were distributed;
prepares;
had cancelled
2021年
新高考I卷
语法填空: was
新高考II卷
语法填空: was。
全国甲卷
语法填空: was built;
hired
短文改错: kept改为keep
全国乙卷
语法填空: /
短文改错: tidying改为tidy
北京卷
语法填空: connects;
has been。
浙江卷
语法填空1月: is considered;
was
语法填空6月: sold;
has proved 或 has proven;
was painted
天津卷
第一次单项选择:have done;
are being displayed;
第二次单项选择: had been offered;
will be delivering
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年高考试题对于谓语动词时态的考查是热点和重点,各考查点的分布如下:
1. 一般现在时的意义和构成;
2. 现在完成时的意义和构成;
3. 一般过去时的意义和构成;
4.过去进行时的意义和构成;
5. 过去完成时的意义和构成;
6. 将来进行时的意义和构成。
【备考策略】
1. 了解并能正确运用必考的10种时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时);
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
时 体
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般体
do / does
did
shall/will do
should/would do
进行体
am/is/are doing
was/were doing
shall/will be doing[来源:学。科。网]
should/would be doing
完成体
have/has done
had done
shall/will have done
should/would have done
完成进行体
have/has been doing
had been doing
shall/will have been doing
should/would have been doing[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]
2. 熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等高考高频时态;
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别,如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
【命题预测】
预计2024年时态仍将是高考的重点难点和热点,并且主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式考查。在考查时态的同时,仍然以最基本的时态(一般现在时,一般过去时、现在完成时)为主,但是也会兼顾其他语法内容的考查。
考点一 一般体
一、 一般现在时
1) 一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
加-s
eat→eats; rise→rises
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的动词
加-es
discuss→discusses;teach→teaches
以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词
变-y为-ies
carry→carries; fly→flies
2)一般选择时的用法
1. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,once a week等表示频率的时间状语连用。
He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。
My mother works at the same company as my father.
我的母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。
We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心、相互帮助。
2. 表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)。
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
3. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
Mr Smith hates fish and never eats any.
史密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃鱼。
Mary speaks both English and French very well.
玛丽英语和法语都说得很好。
4. 表示按照时刻表或者时间表安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。
The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。
Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。
5. 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。
We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。
I can’t leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意,否则我不能走。
注意:
if 条件状语从句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿,但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.
如果你愿意接受我的邀请来参加我们的聚会,我的家人会很高兴。
一般现在时用法口诀
用好一般现在时,时间状语需牢记。
基本用法要记清,动作习惯经常性。
客观真理和能力,有时还表将来时。
谓语若为行为动,形式还要主语定。
主语人称是三单,动词要把-s/-es添。
句中若把助动用,谓语动词用原形。
二、 一般过去时
1)一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,其动词规则变化如下表所示:
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
加-ed
play→ played; discuss→discussed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词
变y为-ied
carry→carried; try→tried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节动词
双写辅音字母加-ed
plan→ planned; refer→ referred
以不发音的e结尾的动词
直接加-d
provide→ provided; like→liked
2) 一般过去时的用法
1. 表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态,常用yesterday,last year,in 1995,the other day等作时间状语。
It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作业真是很糟糕。
He came to work here two weeks ago. 他两周前来这儿上班的。
2. 表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小时候,经常在大街上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown夫妇访问期间,不论走到哪里,都受到了热烈的欢迎。
3. 用于固定句型中。
It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。
I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。
4. wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。
Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 对不起,我(刚才)没看见那边的指示牌。
5. 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨,他就不去。
6. 有些句子,虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等,表示"本来认为"。
I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。
I thought he had heard the news. 我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。
常见考法:
1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来;
2. 没有时间状语时灵活选用一般过去时的情况;
3. as if /as though引导的从句中用一般过去表示虚拟语气。
【误区提醒】
时间和条件状语从句中用错时态;没时间状语时习惯用一般现在时。
一般过去时用法口诀
动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事。
句中动词用过去式,过去时间作标记。
否定句,很简单,谓语动词前didn’t添。
疑问构成也有法,主语前面Did加。
还有一点不能忘,后面动词要还原。
三、 一般将来时
1.shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2.be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划或安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3.be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4.be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
5.一般现在时表将来。
a. 下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
—When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开?
—It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。
b. 以here,there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
c. 在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
d. 在动词hope,take care that,make sure that等的宾语从句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
6.用现在进行时表示将来。
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗?
【易混辨析】
be going to
用于条件句时,be going to表将来
If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible.
will
用于条件句时,will表意愿
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 如果你脱掉衣服,我们将在镜子前为你穿上新的衣服。
be to
表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)
be going to
表示主观的打算或计划
I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
四 、 一般过去将来时
1. 过去将来时的定义
过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。
He said he would come here next Friday. 他说他下周五来这儿。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时他会帮助我们。
2. 过去将来时的结构
(1) would + 动词原形
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本学期赶上其他同学。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 当你请李雷帮忙时,他绝不会拒绝。
(2)was / were going to + 动词原形
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告诉我说他要参加那次会议。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要派我去火车站接她。
(3)was / were to + 动词原形。
The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑该在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李雷很快就要到了。
(4)was / were about to + 动词原形。
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时,天突然下起了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候,门铃响了。
(5)was / were +现在分词。
He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。
3. 过去将来时的用法
(1)过去将来时,一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。
He said he would stay with us. 他说他要与我们待在一起。
He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。
(2)过去将来时,用于虚拟语气中。
If I were you, I would not do that. 如果我是你的话,我就不会那样做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿,他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
【归纳拓展】
was / were going to + 动词原形,was / were to + 动词原形,was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可表达当时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。
The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。
We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。
五、 动词的时态一致原则
(一)主句和名词性从句时态一致原则
下面我们以宾语从句为例说明主句和名词性从句时态呼应的基本规律:
1.主句是现在时或将来时时,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。如:
The woman tells me that she is/was/will be a nurse.
2.主句是过去时态时,从句的时态有下面几种情况:
(1)从句与主句动作同时发生,从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:
I thought he worked very hard.我认为他工作很努力。
The actor said he was living in Beijing.
这位男演员说他住在北京。
(2)如果从句有具体的过去时间点,尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前,有时仍用一般过去时。如:
She told me her brother died in 1960.
她告诉我她哥哥是1960年去世的。
(3)从句说的是一般真理或客观事实时,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us that the earth is round.
老师告诉我们地球是圆的。
(4)从句动作发生在主句动作之后时,从句须用过去将来时。如:
I knew where Tom would celebrate his birthday.
我知道汤姆将在哪里庆祝生日。
(5)从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,从句须用过去完成时。
(二)主句与状语从句时态一致原则
在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,若主句为一般将来时,则从句往往用一般现在时表将来;若主句为过去时,则从句也用相对应的过去时。如:
You’ll make progress if you keep working hard.
如果你继续努力,你就会取得进步。
He told us that he wouldn’t give up until he succeeded.
他告诉我们在成功之前他决不放弃。
(三)主句与定语从句时态一致原则
定语从句的动词应根据动词本身所涉及的时间运用恰当的时态。如:
That is the person who will give us a lecture tomorrow.
那就是明天要给我们做报告的那个人。
That was the person who would give us a lecture the next day.
那就是第二天要给我们做报告的那个人。
1.(2023·全国乙卷 语法填空)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】means
【解析】考查动词时态及主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语,本句阐述客观事实,应用一般现在时,且句子主语the remarkable development of this city为第三人称单数,故本空应填means。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空)As a little girl,I 65. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查时态。句意:小时候,我希望长大后成为一名动物园饲养员。根据“As a little girl…”可知,本空应用一般过去时。
3. [2021·浙江1月卷]If there are three lines in the store, delays ______(happen)randomly at different registers.
【答案】will happen
【解析】考查动词时态。如果杂货店中有三列队伍,延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。根据前面的条件状语从句可知,主句用一般将来时。故填will happen。
1.(2023·广西南宁市高三一模)Oldfashioned but unique architecture ________ (reflect) history, character—even the culture of a city.
【答案】reflects
【解析】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:老式但独特的建筑反映历史和特征,甚至一个城市的文化。根据句意,本句表示现在状况和特点。故填reflects。
2.(2023·贵州省贵阳市高三一模)A native plant of China, bamboo mainly ________ (grow) in regions south of the Yangtze River.
【答案】grows
【解析】本句描述事实,应用一般现在时;主语A native plant of China, bamboo是单数。故填grows。
3. (2023·江西省高三摸底测试)It has been completely closed off to the public since Gainsbourg's death in 1991, but next spring it ________ (open) as a museum.
【答案】will open
【解析】根据时间状语next spring可知,此处应用一般将来时。故填will open。
考点二 进行体
一、 现在进行时
一、 构成:am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式
动词的-ing形式的构成形式
情况
规则
例词
一般情况
加-ing
trying; helping
以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节
双写辅音字母加-ing
stopping; swimming
以不发音的e结尾的动词
去掉e,加-ing
dancing; liking
二、现在进行时的用法:
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
Our friends are waiting for us outside now. 我们的朋友们在外面等我们。
What are you doing? 你在干什么?
He is playing basketball now. 他正在打篮球。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。
She is learning English at college. 她在大学学英语。
Lucy is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 露西学习法律,她姐姐学习物理。(动作在说话时不一定正在进行)
3. 某些短暂性动词,如come, go, start, open, close, arrive, return, begin, leave等用于进行时,表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 父亲这个星期六来看我。
He is leaving for Beijing next week. 下周他要去北京。
4. 某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化。
I’m forgetting English. 我的英语快忘记了。
She is losing her eyesight. 她的视力在慢慢地丧失。
5. 表示刚刚过去的动作:(动词为某些表示说话的词:tell,talk,say等)
Believe it or not, I am telling the truth. 不管你信不信,我说的都是实话。
I don’t know what you are talking about. 我不知道你们在说什么。
6. 表示某种感情色彩:与频度副词(always, continually, constantly, for ever)连用。
He is always complaining about the house. 他总是抱怨这间房子。
She is continually finding fault with me. 她总是对我吹毛求疵。
7. 表示婉转语气:(仅限hope, wonder等少数词。)
I am hoping you will give us some advice. 我希望你会给我们一些建议。
I am wondering if you can help us. 我想知道你能否帮我们。
三、 下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时:
①表示心理状态、情感的动词:like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。
②表示存在状态的动词:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to等。
③表示行为结果的动词:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete等。
④表示感官的动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。
四、 现在进行时和一般现在时的比较
①暂时性动作和经常性动作
The computer is working perfectly.
计算机运转得很好。(暂时)
The computer works perfectly.
计算机运转很好。(一直如此)
②持续性动作和短暂性动作
The bus is stopping.
车停了下来。(渐渐地)
The bus stops. 车停了。(迅速)
③暂时性动作和永久性动作
She is living in the country.
她现在住在农村。(暂时)
She lives in the country.
她住在农村。(永久)
④有感情色彩和没有感情色彩
He is doing well at school.
他在学校表现很好。(赞扬)
He does well at school.
他在学校表现很好。(一般事实)
常见考法:
1. 和被动语态放在一起考查;
2. 现在进行时表示一般将来;
3. 现在进行时表抱怨、批评、赞扬的用法。
误区提醒
1. 对用现在进行时表示一般将来的动词不熟悉;
2. 与被动语态结合起来考查时容易出错;
3. 辨别不出是在表示抱怨、赞扬等,因此不敢用现在进行。
二、 过去进行时
1. 概念:过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
2. 过去进行时的构成:助动词be的过去式形式(was, were)+ 现在分词
否定形式:was / were + not + doing
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首
3. 过去进行时的用法:
(1)表示过去某一时刻,或某一阶段正在进行的动作。通常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I was having a bath when the phone rang. 我正在洗澡,突然电话铃响了。
She was writing letters. I didn’t want to disturb her. 她在写信。我不想打扰她。
(2)表示过去习惯性、经常性动作。但是这种习惯性动作具有过去某一阶段的暂时性。
In those days, Tom used to get up at 9:00, but that week, he was getting up at 5:00 every day.
(3)过去进行时经常和always,constantly,forever,continually等频度副词连用,表示说话人对某种行为的厌烦等不满情绪。
He was always playing tricks on me. 他老是捉弄我。
He was constantly changing his mind. 他老是改变主意。
She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。
(4)表示过去将来时间里按计划或安排即将发生的动作。即表示过去将来。
Four of them were coming for Sunday lunch. 他们有四个人将在星期天来吃午饭。
Her daughter was going to a summer camp the following day. 她的女儿将在第二天去参加夏令营。
(5)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用过去进行时表示过去将来正在进行的动作。
He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.
I will let you know when Mary is arriving.
(6)动词 hope, wonder 等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求,虽然表示现在的内容,但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。
I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知道您能不能让我搭一下车。
I was thinking it might be a good idea to keep the window open. 我看还是把窗户开着的好。
注意:
一般过去时也有类似用法,区别在于:一般过去时通常表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的,而过去进行时则多表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。
(7)过去进行时用于虚拟语气,表示对现在或将来的主观臆想,与事实相反的情况。
She wishes that she were coming with us tomorrow. 她希望明天和我们一起来。(对将来的虚拟)
I wish that they were not talking so loudly. 我希望他们不要说话那么大声。(对现在的虚拟)
注意:
当一般过去时和过去进行时同时出现在句中,通常是表示短暂动作的动词用一般过去时,而表示较长时间的动作用过去进行时。
4.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
①一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。
She wrote a letter to her friend last night.
她昨晚给朋友写了封信。(信写完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night.
她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。(信不一定写完)
②一般过去时表示只做一次动作,而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。
She waved to me. 她朝我挥了挥手。
She was waving to me.她不断地朝我挥手。
The boy jumped up and down.这男孩跳了一下。
The boy was jumping up and down.这男孩不停地跳着。
三、 将来进行时
1. 定义:将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
2. 基本结构:主语+will be/be going to be +doing
I will be sleeping at 12:00 p.m. 十二点的时候我将在睡觉。
I will be studying in university at the age of 20. 我20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。
3. 用法:
(1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,一般带状语。
What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的这个时候你会做什么?
When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他来我家时,我将在写报告。
(2)表示现在正在进行的动作,但这个动作会延续到将来。
I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. 我想知道今天下午是否还会一直下雨。
I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. 我想她会一直在做这个实验直到第二天早上。
(3)表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。
Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay. 明天我将飞往孟买。
After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better. 吃完药后,你会感觉好很多。
(4)表示委婉的请求。
When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候能再见面?
(5)表示原因。
Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I’ll be having a meeting. 请明天下午过来。明天早上我将有一个会议。
(6)表示结果。
Stop the child or he will be falling over. 快阻止那个孩子,要不然他会摔跤的。
(7)表示对将来的打算(区别于对将来的预测)
My duties will end in July, and I’ll be returning to Beijing. 七月我将结束工作,返回北京。
四、 现在完成进行时
1. 现在完成进行时的定义
现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去。
We have been waiting for him for two hours.
2. 现在完成进行时的结构
have/has been + doing
3. 现在完成进行时所用的时间状语
this month/week/year,these days,recently/lately,in the past few+时间段,since +时间点,for+时间段。
They have been building the bridge for two months.
They have been planting trees this month. 这个月他们在植树。
4. 现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示动作的延续
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 中国有2,000年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。(表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作)
We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了。(动作不再继续下去)
★ 有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years. 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作两年了。
★大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
I have been writing a book. 我一直在写一本书。(动作还将继续下去)
I have written a book. 我已经写了一本书。(动作已经完成)
They have been building a bridge. 他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge. 他们造了一座桥。
★表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...(×)
★ 这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌等。
常见考法:
1. 现在完成进行时的基本用法;
2. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别;
3. 现在完成进行时和其他时态的搭配。
1. 现在完成进行时的构成记忆不清;
2. 不能准确区分现在完成进行和现在完成时的区别;
3. 时态搭配上出现错误。
【疑难辨析】
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的辨析:
(1)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,而现在完成时一般不表示重复性
Have you been meeting him recently?你最近常和他见面吗?
Have you met him recently?你最近见到过他吗?
(2)现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩,而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙
I have been waiting for you for two hours.我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)
I have waited for you for two hours.我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)
(3)现在完成进行时强调动作,而现在完成时强调结果
Who has been eating the oranges?谁一直在吃这些桔子呀?(还剩余一些)
Who has eaten the oranges?谁把桔子吃光了?(强调吃得一个不剩)
五 、过去完成进行时
1. 构成:过去完成进行时是由"had been +现在分词"构成。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?
2. 用法:
(1)表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样,过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态, 上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去的时间。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他们只等了几分钟车就来了。
(2)表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
(3)过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。
The doctor asked what he had been eating. 医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我问他们那些天待在哪儿。
(4)过去完成进行时之后也可接具有"突然"之意的when从句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She’d only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her. 她温习功课才一会儿,她妹妹就打断她了。
六、 将来完成进行时
1.将来完成进行时的用法
将来完成进行时表示某一动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间(即说话者人提及的时间),是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。如:
By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years.
到下星期此刻,我已经为该公司干了24年了。
If we don’t hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there.
咱们若不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了。
2.将来完成进行时的构成
将来完成进行时由“will / shall have been+现在分词”构成。
By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years. 到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。
I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.
到今年年底,我在这个工厂工作就有20年了。
3.将来完成进行时连用的时间状语
与将来完成进行时连用最多的时间状语时是“by+将来时间”,见上面的例子。当然除“by+将来时间”外,连用其他的时间状语也是可能的。如:
He will have been working all day. 他整天将都在工作。
She will have been having treatment all her life. 她将终生受到治疗。
I’ll have been teaching for thirty years this winter. 到今年冬天我就已任教三十年了。
4.将来完成进行时的情态意义
“will / shall have been+现在分词”结构除表示将来完成进行时外,有时其中的 will 也可能是情态动词,具有情态意义,比较表示推测或猜想等。如:
They will have been having a holiday yesterday. 他们昨天大概是在度假。
You’ll have been wondering all this time how my invention works.
我想你这些时候一直想知道我的发明怎样会行得通的。
5.将来完成进行时用于状语从句的变体
正如我们通常要在条件状语从句和时时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时以及用现在完成时代替将来完成时等一样,如果因语义的需要,我们需要在条件状语从句和时时间状语从句中使用将来完成进行时,那么我们通常要用现在完成进行时代替将来完成进行时。如:
I’ll have finished in the bathroom in a few minutes. 我一会儿就用完浴室了。
As soon as I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一完事儿,就给你打电话。
1.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
【答案】was fixing
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
2.【2021·八省1月联考】Apps (short for applications) ________(become)increasingly popular nowadays, and for good reason.
【答案】are becoming
【解析】考查动词时态。目前应用程序有充分的理由越来越流行。根据句中的increasingly可知,此处表达的是一个动态的过程,意为:越来越。故用现在进行时。故填are becoming。
1.(2023·福建省泉州市高三质量检测)Now, a Seattlebased company ________ (work) to bring equally deep analysis to the trillions of proteins within our bodies.
【答案】is working
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:现在,一家总部位于西雅图的公司正在致力于对我们体内的数万亿蛋白质进行同样深入的分析。此处now是解题关键,表明用现在进行时。故填is working。
2.(2023·河北省秦皇岛市高三检测)I forced myself to step forward and immediately stumbled over a toy and the boy who ________ (play) with it.
【答案】was playing
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我强迫自己向前走,立刻被一个玩具绊倒了,那个男孩正在玩那个玩具。此处指:我被绊倒时(过去),那个男孩正在玩玩具。故填was playing。
3.【江苏省苏州市2021届八校联盟高三第一次适应性检测】Three projects _______ (compete) to build a moon lander that will transport two astronauts to the moon from the Orion spaceship. The competitors are all private companies, Blue Origin, SpaceX and Dynetics.
【答案】are competing
【解析】考查动词时态,句意:三个项目正在竞争建造一个月球着陆器,这个着陆器将把两名宇航员从猎户座飞船送到月球。根据语境可知,此处表示现在正在发生的事情,应使用现在进行时。故填are competing。
考点三 完成体
一、 现在完成时
1. 现在完成时结构:
主语 + 助动词have(has) + 动词过去分词
否定句:have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t
一般疑问句:have/has提前
2. 现在完成时的用法:
(1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,强调的是这个结果或影响,常与yet,already,just,before,lately等时间状语连用。
—Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗?
—Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的,我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了。)
I have already posted the photos. 我已经寄过这些照片了。(这些照片已不在我这里了。)
have(has) gone to,have(has) been to和have(has) been in的区别
1. have (has) gone to表示"已经去某地了",不能与for+一段时间连用。
She has gone to Shanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上,或已到上海,总之现在不在这里。)
2. have (has) been to表示"曾经去过某地",不能与for+一段时间连用。
She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已经不在上海,只说明她曾经去过。)
3. have (has) been in/at表示"一直待在某地",常与时间段搭配,指待了很久。
(2)过去发生的事情,一直持续到现在(其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词)。
I haven’t seen her these days. 近来我一直没见过他。
I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李雷已经三年了。
They have lived here since 1996. 他们自从1996年就住在这儿。
She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来这所学校,她就教我。
3. 现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用:
(1)用于"过去发生的事,对现在造成的影响或结果"的时间状语有:
already
用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末。
yet
用在疑问句中意为"已经",用在否定句中表示"还",常放在句末。
ever
意为"曾经",用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。
never
意为"从来都没有",常和before连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
before
意为"以前",指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。
(2)用于"过去发生的事,一直延续到现在"的时间状语有:
for + 时间段 for two years
since + 时间点 since 2008
since then
since he came here
so far 目前;迄今为止
up to now=till now=by now 到现在为止;直到现在
all the time 总是;一直
recently/lately 最近
these days 近几天
by the end of...到……末/结束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末
during /over the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中
in the last /past days/ months/ years 在过去的几个天/月/年中
(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.
(4)非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
(5)since与for用法比较
用法
例句
since
用来说明动作起始时间
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这里。
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑从1949年开始一直在一个小诊所工作。
for
用来说明动作延续时间长度
I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我在这里住了二十多年了。
3. 现在完成时的常用固定句型
(1)That/This/It is the first (second, third ... ) time... (that) ...句型中,从句要用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。
It is the third time that the boy has been late. 这是这个男生第三次迟到了。
(2)"That/This/It is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + (that)从句"中,that 从句要用现在完成时。
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。
(3)在"It is/has been + 一段时间 + since ... "句型中,主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时,从句用一般过去时。
It has been/ It’s 5 years since we last met. 自从上一次我们见面到现在已经是五年了。
It’s / It has been 3 months since the man died. 那人死去3个月了。
(4)一段时间+ 完成时结构+ since 引导的时间状语从句
Two years has passed since I came here. 我来这儿已经两年了。
(1)并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作)
I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作)
(2)短暂性动词和延续性动词用于完成时的区别:
延续性动词表示经验、经历; 短暂性动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has completed the work. (表结果)
I’’ve known him since then.(表经历)
(3)短暂性动词和延续性动词用于till / until从句的差异
延续性动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……";短暂性动词用于否定句,表示"到……才……"
He didn’’t come back until ten o’’clock. 直到十点钟他才回来。
He slept until ten o’’clock. 他睡到十点钟。
【疑难辨析】现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2004 等。
而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在没有任何关系,它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(我了解这部电影的内容。)
I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影.(只说明上星期看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况)
二、 过去完成时
1. 基本结构:
肯定句:主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他.
否定句:主语 + had + not + 过去分词 + 其他.
一般疑问句:Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组 + 一般疑问句(Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他)?
2. 基本用法
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即"过去的过去"。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句(在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句)来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候,我在车站已经等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。
(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。
(5)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
(6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的从句。
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。
(7)动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。
(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...,no sooner... than...,It was the first (second, etc) time (that)...等固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。
3. 过去完成时的语法判定
(1)由时间状语来判定
一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
①by + 过去的时间点
I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.
②by the end of + 过去的时间点
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
③before + 过去的时间点
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(2)由"过去的过去"来判定
过去完成时表示"过去的过去",是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:
①宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。如told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said that she had seen the film before.
②状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意:before,after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
③表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本……,未能……"。
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
(3)根据上、下文来判定
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.
过去完成时记忆口诀
Had 加上"过去分",构成过去完成时。
过去完成的意义,也表"完成"或"延续"。
若有主、从两个句,先后动作分别叙。
哪个在先哪"完成",哪个在后哪"过去"。
三、将来完成时
1. 将来完成时的构成:"will/shall + have + 过去分词"。
Hopefully after three years at university I will have matured. 希望3年大学生活之后我能变成熟。
Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000. 仅短短 5 年时间后,你的钱就会增多 94,000 美元。
He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday. 他会为昨天公布的电话民意调查结果感到鼓舞。
2. 将来完成的用法
(1)表示"将来完成":即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。
When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 我们到那里时她会已经上班去了。
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我预料到明天你就会改变主意了。
(2)表示"持续":即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。
We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我们俩就结婚满1年了。
By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻,我就已经为该公司工作24年了。
(3)表示"推测:即表示根据某情况作出的推测。
That will have been Roland. He said he’d be back at 7. 准是罗兰。他说他7点钟回来。
There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定会有结果。
1.【2022·全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ______ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
【答案】has walked
【解析】考查动词时态。在过去的五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时。故填has walked。
2. 【2020·海南卷】They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I ________(collect).
【答案】 had collected
【解析】考查过去完成时。他们喜欢听我所收集的所有“禁果”。根据句意可知collect的动作发生在enjoy之前,故填had collected。
1.(2023·河北省石家庄一中高三月考)Thanks to their efforts, Dongting Lake ecology ________ (take) on a complete new look so far.
【答案】has taken
【解析】考查时态。句意:由于他们的努力,洞庭湖生态目前已经呈现出全新的面貌。句中so far是关键词,故用现在完成时。故填has taken。
2.(2023·河北省邯郸市高三阶段测试)By the end of my trip, I could tell that I ________ (make) progress in my Portuguese, thanks to them.
【答案】had made
【解析】句意:多亏了他们,在我的旅行结束时,我可以说我在葡萄牙语方面取得了进步。根据could tell及时间状语By the end of my trip可知,that引导的从句应用过去完成时。故填had made。
3. (2023·山西省太原市高三阶段检测)So far, circumpolar (极地附近的) peoples, native Alaskans among them, ________ (see) that their customs and livelihoods are in danger because of the scrambled seasons and retreating ice.
【答案】have seen
【解析】根据时间状语so far 可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语circumpolar peoples 是复数。故填have seen。
过关检测
1.(2023·福建省宁德市部分达标中学联考)Before each meeting, prepare some questions on a topic of your choice. That ________ (give) you the chance to look up related words as well as think about your own answers.
【答案】will give
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:这样你就有机会查相关的单词,也有机会思考自己的答案。本句中主语That指代前一句话,上句用的一般现在时,结合句意,在每次见面之前,准备一些关于你选择的话题的问题,这“将”给你机会去查找相关的单词以及思考你自己的答案,设空处应用一般将来时。故填will give。
2. (2023·江苏省徐州市统考)Participation in sports throughout the region has improved dramatically over the past decade, with more than 997, 000people regularly taking part in physical exercise. “We expect that the outdoor sports industry _______ (become) a pillar industry in the region eventually and contribute to the economy, ” Wang added.
【答案】will become
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:“我们预计户外运动产业最终将成为该地区的支柱产业,并为经济做出贡献,”王补充说。that引导的宾语从句中缺谓语,结合句意,需使用一般将来时。故填will become。
3.(2023河北省石家庄部分重点高中联考)Researchers also added a piece to the puzzle of one of the world’s most mysterious animal migrations and________(witness) the record impact of an underwater eruption.
【答案】witnessed
【解析】考查时态。句意:研究人员还为世界上最神秘的动物迁徙之谜之一增加了一块拼图,并目睹了水下火山喷发的创纪录影响。设空处与added并列,同为谓语动词,也用动词过去式,为一般过去时。故填witnessed。
4. (2023·广东省大联考)Another reason is that science is for everyone, no matter whether you ________ (participate) in science or not in the past. The citizen science is devoted to making science inclusive to all and ensuring that every person has the right and the opportunity to participate in science.
【答案】participated
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:另一个原因是,科学是每个人的,无论你过去是否参与科学。空处为从句谓语动词,根据“in the past”可知,此处应用一般过去时。故填participated。
5. (2023·重庆市名校一诊)Wet and windy weather across Florida delayed their homecoming. SpaceX and NASA finally gave the all-clear on Friday, and the three Americans and one Italian ______(depart) the International Space Station, their residence since April.
【答案】departed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:SpaceX和NASA终于在周五解除了警报,三名美国人和一名意大利人离开了国际空间站,他们自4月以来一直居住在这里。此处描述过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时。故填departed。
6.(2023·广西南宁市高三下学期 5月模拟)He says that watching TV series __________ (help) teenagers forget about the pressures of exams and homework, and the troubles which fill the world today.
【答案】helps
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:他说,看电视剧可以帮助青少年忘记考试和家庭作业的压力,以及当今世界的各种麻烦。分析句子可知,help(帮助)是宾语从句中谓语动词,与主语watching TV series之间是主动关系,根据上文可知,陈述客观事实应使用一般现在时态,又因主语是动名词短语,所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上,谓语应用一般现在时主动语态,单数形式,故填helps。
7.(2023·江苏省涟水县第一中学第一次阶段检测) When she found out the university offered free tuition to senior citizens, Shanmuganathan said she immediately knew it was her last chance to make her dream of studying political science come true. She began her studies in 2019 and ________ (continue) throughout the pandemic (流行病).
【答案】continued
【解析】考查时态。句意:她于2019年开始学习,并在整个大流行期间继续学习。根据并列连词and及时间状语in 2019可知,时态是一般过去时。设空处与began并列,作谓语,设空处应变过去式。故填continued。
8. (2023届河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调试题)The new regulation, which came into force starting from March l,2023,______ (prohibit) six kinds of behaviors that harm ancient tea plants and_their growing environment.
【答案】prohibits
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态、主谓一致。句意:新规将于2023年3月1日起生效,禁止六种危害古茶树及其生长环境的行为。主句缺谓语,分析句意可知,此处描述一般性事实,故时态采用一般现在时,且主语The new regulation为第三人称单数。故填prohibits。
9.(河北省石家庄市2023年高三第二学期全过程试题)In the past two years, 57 students from this vocational high school ______ (take) the special “gaokao” and 34 of them have been admitted to colleges and universities.
【答案】have taken
【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的两年里,这所职业高中有57名学生参加了特殊的“高考”,其中34人被大学录取。空处缺谓语动词,时间状语是in the past two years,应用现在完成时,主语students和take构成主动关系,且主语是复数。故填have taken。
10.(2023届广东省深圳市高三年级二调试题)It’s about-15°C, and a man dressed in a straw hat and sheepskin coat_______ (throw)spoon after spoon of heavy molten iron(铁水) at a massive,icy wall.
【答案】throws/is throwing
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。句意:气温约为零下15摄氏度,一个头戴草帽、身穿羊皮大衣的男人正把一勺又一勺的铁水扔向一堵巨大的冰墙。根据空前的It’s和空后的creates可知,本段应该使用throws,一般现在时态;或is throwing,现在进行时,用以描绘打树花的画面。故填throws/is throwing。
11.(2023届广东省大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟试题)Since then, Liu ________(volunteer)to support the group.
【答案】has been volunteering
【解析】考查时态。句意:从那时起,刘就一直志愿支持这个团体。此句的时间状语为since then和句意可知,表示动作从过去一直持续到现在,强调动作的持续性,故应用现在完成进行时,主语Liu是第三人称单数,故填has been volunteering。
12.(重庆市巴蜀中学2022-2023学年高三试题)One of the quickest ways to make carpets, tufting guns______ (exist) for decades.
【答案】have existed/have been existing
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意:织地毯最快的方法之一,戳戳绣枪已经存在了几十年了。根据后文for decades可知应用完成时,此处可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,主语为tufting guns,助动词用have。故填have existed/have been existing。
13.(2023届浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟试卷)Among the civilian teams that left for Turkey on Wednesday ______(be) Blue Sky Rescue, a nonprofit Chinese civilian organization, whose members come from provincial-level regions of China.
【答案】was
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:周三启程前往土耳其的文职团队中包括蓝天救援,这是一个非营利的中国民间组织,其成员来自中国省级地区。分析句子结构和意思可知,这句话描述的是过去的事情,谓语用一般过去时,主语是Blue Sky Rescue,be动词用was。故填was。
14.(河北省石家庄部分重点高中2023年高三下学期试题)Researchers also added a piece to the puzzle of one of the world’s most mysterious animal migrations and________(witness) the record impact of an underwater eruption.
【答案】was regarded
【解析】考查时态。句意:研究人员还为世界上最神秘的动物迁徙之谜之一增加了一块拼图,并目睹了水下火山喷发的创纪录影响。设空处与added并列,同为谓语动词,也用动词过去式,为一般过去时。故填witnessed。
15.(2022·江苏·南京市第一中学模拟预测)They read this letter to him on the air: “Hello, my name is Brenda Schmitz, when you receive this letter, I ________ (lose) my battle to cancer.”.
【答案】will have lost
【解析】考查时态。句意:他们在广播中给他读了这封信:你好,我叫Brenda Schmitz。当你收到这封信时,我将已经输给了癌症。分析句子可知,Brenda Schmitz在弥留之际,写下了这封信,她当时知道自己时日不多,将来会败给癌症,因此用将来完成时表示将来某一时间前已经完成的动作。故填will have lost。
真题演练
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46Having visited____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____49 remarkable ____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman whose hair color looked just perfect.
3.考查时态。句意:她选的颜色装在一个盒子里,盒子里有一张女人的照片,她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词,由上文Last Friday可知,应用一般过去时。故choose改为chose。
3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
As a little girl, I ___65___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
4.【2023年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me....
1.考查谓语动词。句意:我过去害怕昆虫,但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。表示“害怕……”短语为be afraid of,此处为used to do sth.。故to后添加be。
2.考查时态。句意:我过去害怕昆虫,但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。事情发生在上周五,故用一般过去时。故make改为made。
5.【2023年北京卷】Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12 exactly ____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
【答案】11. would throw 13. had arrived
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填would throw。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意:多年以后,搬到法国后,我在约定的时间赴宴,却发现没有其他客人到场,女主人还穿着睡衣。从句中表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
6. 【2023年北京卷】Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是China,助动词应用has,故填has established。
7. 【2023年浙江卷1月】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____60____ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
【60题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案:were
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
答案:is designed
解析:考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
答案:has walked
解析:考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。
3.【2022全国乙卷】The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___________ (address) the opening ceremony.
答案:addressed
解析:考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填addressed。
4.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane ________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
答案:is viewed或has been viewed
解析:考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系,故填is viewed或has been viewed。
5.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________(change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics —many of them climate scientists __________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
答案:are;changing
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。第一空:根据句意可知,此处也应使用现在进行时,主语为复数,故填are。第二空:分析句子结构可知,此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change,故填changing。
答案:have promised
解析:考查时态。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时,故填have promised。
6.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
答案:42. was fixing 43. threw
【42题详解】
考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
【43题详解】
考查谓语动词时态。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为“扔”,过去时为threw。故填threw。
7.【2022年北京卷】 Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
考查动词时态。句意:最终,那个男人追上了她,他只是想把她的钱包还给她!结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填caught。
8.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell.
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语,本句话是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称,为不可数名词,所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
9.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
4.考查现在完成时。句意:自从2019年,那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019,可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义,助动词用has。故填has increased。
10. 【2022年全国乙卷】And there were traffic jams, too.
9.考查时态。句意:还有交通堵塞。根据上下文时态可知,本句应用一般现在时。故将were改为are。
11.【2022年全国甲卷】He showed me how his medical instruments was used.
2. was→were
考查主谓一致。句意:他向我展示他的医疗器械是如何使用的。主语instruments为复数形式,全文为一般过去时,be动词用复数形式were。故将was改为were。
12.【2022年全国甲卷】However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him.
4. become→became
考查动词时态。句意:然而,在我上了高中之后,不知怎么的,我开始疏远他。全文用一般过去时,动词become应改为过去式became。故将become改为became。
13.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:上周日飓风过后,食品和药品供给被分发给了所有居民。分析句子成分可知,Food and medical supplies作主语,为复数,与动词distribute“分发”为动宾关系,故需要用被动语态be distributed;根据后文last Sunday“上周日”可知,句子需要用一般过去时态,故be动词要用were。故选D项。
14. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:批判性推理和解决问题的能力有助于青少年做出更好的决定。短语together with/along with/as well as, etc连接两个并列的名词或代词做主语时谓语动词的数由该结构前的名词或代词决定,句子主语为Critical reasoning,谓语动词应用单数形式,此处为客观陈述,应用一般现在时。故选B项。
15. 【2022年天津卷第二次】The children failed to hide their disappointment when they found out the school________ the party.
A. cancels B. will cancel
C. has cancelled D. had cancelled
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:当孩子们发现学校取消了派对时,他们无法掩饰他们的失望。结合句意可知,学校取消派对发生在前,孩子无法掩饰失望发生在后,故从句的cancel为“过去的过去”,需要用过去完成时态。故选D项。
2021年
1.【2021.6新高考1卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可知,表示当时的情况,故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时;从句主语为it,是第三人称单数形式。故填was。
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】 After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:1861年,林肯被选举为国家总统后,他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语,用and连接,所以都用一般过去时。
3.【2021.6全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知,空格填写谓语动词, 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall,和build是被动关系,且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立,故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意:它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的,现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
4.【2021.6全国甲卷】We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词,根据后文My bike was old可知, 应该为过去的时态,主语为we, 为主动语态,故填hired。
5.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词,可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意:自从它开放后,林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
6.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查谓语动词时态和被动语态。句意:这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷,所以用被动。动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时。
7.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意:介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语,主语是单数,根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时,故答案为 is considered。
8.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:然而在城市里,女人增长数值是1.3,男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时,故答案为was。
9.【2021.6全国乙卷 改错】I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary.
【答案】把tidying改为tidy
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据句中的and可知,water和tidy应为并列动作,所以动词形式应该保持一致。故把tidying改为tidy。
10.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】 One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____63____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
【63题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。
11. 【2021年全国甲卷】They kept very much to themselves.
8.考查时态。句意:他们很自闭。结合前文可知,文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。故kept改为keep。
12.【2021年天津卷第一次】We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A.have done B.will do C.had done D.were doing
【答案】A
【详解】考查时态。句意:今天上午我们做的工作够多的了,现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知,做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在,应用现在完成时。故选A。
13.【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A.were displaying B.are displaying
C.were being displayed D.are being displayed
【答案】D
【详解】考查时态和语态。目前,大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里,要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知,应该用现在进行时;display与主语works之间为被动关系,所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。
14. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered
【答案】D
【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意:马克是个天才。到他毕业的时候,已经有十几家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会。该句是复合句,含By the time引导的时间状语从句,主句动作先于从句动作,且主句主语he和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系,是过去完成时的被动语态。故选D。
15. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Good evening, everybody. Professor King ________ his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
A. delivered B. will be delivering
C. was delivering D. has been delivering
【答案】B
【解析】考查将来进行时。句意:大家晚上好,金教授马上要发表演讲,但(开始之前)让我先介绍一下他。根据语境和标志词in a moment(立即,即将,一会儿)的提示,可知教授的演讲还未开始,用将来时态(一般将来时或将来进行时),仅有B符合题意,是将来进行时的结构,故选B。
2020年
1.【2020年新课标Ⅰ】China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin....
"This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)"
61. .考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填touched。
67. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。
68. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。
2.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】 This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63. coming (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
62. 考查主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
3.【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.
4.考查时态。句意:事实上,我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子,此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候,动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
5.考查连词。句意:但我早就不练习了。分析句子,此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”,后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将for改为but / yet。
4.【2020年新课标Ⅲ】The artist was sure he would63. (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River~perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
... 65. When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (point) down the river.
63. 考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
66. 考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
5. 【2020全国Ⅲ卷】For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples.
第六处:考查时态。根据时间状语every morning,可知这里表示经常或反复发生的事情,用一般现在时,主语为I,谓语动词要用原形。所以had改成have。
第七处:考查主谓一致。句意:我爸爸不喜欢汤,我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情,用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,所以don’t改成doesn’t。
6.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷(山东卷)】 The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38. (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39. which/that opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection 41. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
38. 考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
40. 考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
41. 考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
7.【2020年浙江卷1月】Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950___56___(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected___57_to increase__(increase)to 42 by 2050. ...
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should___64___(place)on longevity(长寿).
【56题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁,今天是41岁,预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时,且主语为The median age of an American,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
【64题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且should后跟动词原形,故填be placed。
8. 【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)】 Because the number of possible topics____43____(be)practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers____44____(encourage)to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_____45_our____(we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【43题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意:因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的,所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的一个示例,并解释技术的基本原理。the number of ……的数目,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。故填is。
【44题详解】
考查语态。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。
9.【2020年北京卷】Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food___1__(play) a big role in his life. "
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意:他说食物在他的生命中扮演着重要角色。此处表示现在的状态,也可以表示从过去一直到现在延续的状态,所以可以用现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时和现在完成进行时。故填plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
10.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years___5to break___(break) down.
【4题详解】
考查时态语态。句意:一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实,应该用一般现在时,主语they(Single-use plastic bags )和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。
11.【2020年北京卷】The Neanderthals___9___(live)alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.
【答案】 9. lived/had lived/had been living
【9题详解】
考查动词的时态和语态。句意:尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年,直到大约4万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语,结合句意,此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前,结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态;又因动作发生在过去,强调过去发生的动作,也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。
12.【2020年浙江卷7月】And,as more children were born,more food ___59___(need). ...
By about 6000 BC,people ___61___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【59题详解】
考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
【61题详解】
考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
13. 【2021年北京卷】As it ____13____ (connect) things,your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream.
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意:当它连接事物时,你的大脑将它们变成一个故事,然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词tums可知,空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态,主语是第三人称单数it,所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。
14. 【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
【17题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知,此处使用现在完成时,a dramatic rise是单数感念,助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,表被动。故填caused。
15.【2020年天津卷第一次】—The machine is working again!
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it___________.
A. has been fixed B. is being fixed
C. had been fixed D. would be fixed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:机器又运转了!是的,昨天机器出故障了,但已经被修好了。通过分析语境可知,此处使用现在完成时,表示截至目前已经完成的动作。故选A项。
16. 【2020年天津卷第一次】A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city ____________ in favour of the proposal on health care reform.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:去年进行的一项调查显示,该市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知,主句时态为一般过去时,根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为一般过去时,且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数,按照主谓一致原则,因此使用be动词were。故选D项。
17. 【2020年江苏卷】If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______ everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:如果你从各个方面看问题,你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实,应使用一般现在时;此处是定语从句谓语动词,先行词是a solution,从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
18. 【2020年江苏卷】Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作,而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前,属于“过去的过去”,应使用过去完成时。故选A。
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66belief___ (believe) that populations are increasing. ...
Of ___69 the___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
65. have reported【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reported。
70. are【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six作主语,代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,故填are。
2.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65to retire___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years.”
64.【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态,故填declared。
66.【解析】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中时间状语“over the years”可知,此处用现在完成时态,句意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
3.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
第八处:【解析】考查形容词用法。“amaze(使惊奇;使惊愕)”形容词形式有amazed(大为惊奇)与amazing(令人大为惊奇的)。本句话中主语为I,句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多,对此我感到惊奇,而不是我令别人惊奇。故将amazing改为amazed。
第十处:【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时,且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时,所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。
4.【2019年全国卷III】 Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit. For breakfast,we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
... On the last day of our week-long stay,we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,___70listening___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
65.recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填recommended。
69.were invited
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知,句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意:我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会,所以用被动语态。主语为we,故填were invited。
5.【2019年全国卷III】I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to open a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
required改为 requires
【解析】考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把 required改为 requires。
6.【2019年北京卷】On the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice)my biggest concern to my mother.
1.考查时态。句意:我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧,“我将如何交朋友?”此处的voice是动词,“表达”的意思,作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情,用过去式。故填voiced。
7.【2019年北京卷】Does the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question ___7___(suggest)that,for most students,it doesn't.
7.考查时态。句意:对于这个问题的研究表明,对于大多数学生来说,它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果,所以用现在时或一般过去时均可,故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
8. 【2019年浙江卷6月】When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). ... One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
56. has/will have【解析】考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,因此,主句可以使用将来时will do;根据语境可知,本文叙述的是客观事实,因此,本句亦可用一般现在时,主语是nobody,谓语用has。故填will have/has。
62. improved【解析】考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去式,主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
9. 【2018年浙江卷11月】 You probably _____56_____(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine _____57_____(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine.
56.考查时态语态。句中时间状语since childhood和现在完成时连用,此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因,表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行,用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have used/ have been using。
57.考查主谓一致。主语Caffeine是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。此处表示一种事实可以用一般现在时。也可以指小时候的事用一般过去时,故填is (was)。
10.【2019年江苏卷】The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意:在过去的三个月里,这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知,这句话的时态为现在完成时,故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician,为第三人称单数形式,句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分,故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
11.【2019年江苏卷】A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【答案】29.D
【解析】考查谓语动词时态。句意:他到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
12.【2019年江苏卷】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
33.B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作,用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故选B。
14.【2019年天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意:艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时,受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时,排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语,谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy,她受到热烈欢迎,所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
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