高考英语二轮复习专题强化练(八)含答案

这是一份高考英语二轮复习专题强化练(八)含答案，共9页。

In 1978，the cncept f Hmmrphic Encryptin(HE)was firstly prpsed.Accrding t it，ne culd encrypt and share data with thers，wh culd analyze and perfrm calculatins n the data with n idea what it means.After getting the data back，the data user culd simply arrive at the result using the secret key and it will make ttal sense.
In 2009，Craig Gentry firstly prvided a wrkable FHE prgram.Like HE，it rests n a mathematical idea called a hmmrphism，which mstly relies n using algebra(代数)t map data frm ne frm t anther withut changing its underlying structure.Hwever，it supprts multiple peratins n encrypted data，rather than nly ne calculatin in HE.
Later，Gentry went n t wrk at IBM，which nw has cmplicated FHE tls t run encrypted data.In the medical field，fr example，it detected signs f pneumnia(肺炎)infectin by applying FHE t analyze the encrypted CT scans f mre than 1，500 peple's lungs.In a paper published in Octber 2021，the team used FHE t cllect data frm multiple surces and predicted the effect f cancer treatments r the prcess f HIV infectin，as in Fellay's case.
Wrkable，but still slw: calculatins n the FHE­encrypted data culd take millins f times lnger than thse n raw data.But，as Gldwasser said，“If yu believe that security is nt a plus，but it's a must，then in sme sense there is n verhead.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型加密技术——完全同态加密程序的开发过程以及意义。
1．What is Fellay cncerned abut?
A．Serius diseases.
B．Sensitive patients.
C．The safety f persnal data.
D．The lack f genetic infrmatin.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Hwever，there are wrries fr Fellay：they cntain sensitive details that culd lead t embarrassment，discriminatin r even wrse”可知，Fellay医生担忧隐藏在我们体内的基因标记物所包含的敏感细节被泄露后会导致尴尬、歧视甚至更糟，即他担心个人资料的安全问题。
答案：C
2．In what way is FHE different frm HE?
A．It speeds up the analyses.
B．It allws mre calculatins.
C．It prevents direct access t data.
D．It depends n the use f algebra.
解析：细节理解题。明题意：本题问“完全同态加密和同态加密有什么不同？”→寻线索：根据第四段最后一句话“Hwever，it supprts multiple peratins n encrypted data，rather than nly ne calculatin in HE”可知，完全同态加密支持对加密数据进行多次操作，而不是在同态加密中只进行一次计算→定答案；由此可知，完全同态加密和同态加密的区别在于完全同态加密允话多次计算。
答案：B
3．What is Gldwasser's attitude twards FHE?
A．Cntradictry. B．Unclear.
C．Favrable. D．Intlerant.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Gldwasser所说的话“If yu believe that security is nt a plus，but it's a must，then in sme sense there is n verhead”可知，Gldwasser对完全同态加密持赞成态度。
答案：C
4．What is the main idea f the text?
A．FHE prtects privacy in the big data era.
B．FHE pens a new wrld fr medical wrkers.
C．Gentry prpsed a new encryptin technlgy.
D．Hmmrphic encryptin develped ver time.
解析：主旨大意题。文章开头以医生担心病人个人资料的安全问题为话题引入了完全同态加密程序，然后以此为线索对该程序进行介绍，即这篇文章主要讲述了完全同态加密程序保护个人隐私的功能。
答案：A
B
(2023·潮州市高三二模)When I was abut six years ld，my mther came hme ne day and fund that I had cllected half a dzen babies f the neighburhd—all f them t yung t walk—and had them sitting befre me n the flr while I was teaching them t wave their arms.When she asked the explanatin f this，I infrmed her that it was my schl f dance.She was amused，and placing herself at the pian.She began t play fr me.This schl cntinued and became very ppular.Later n，little girls f the neighburhd came and their parents paid me a small sum t teach them.This was the beginning f what afterwards prved a very prfitable ccupatin.
My mther tk me t a famus ballet teacher，but his lessns did nt please me.When the teacher tld me t stand n my tes(脚趾)I asked him why，and when he replied“Because it is beautiful”，I said that it was ugly and against nature and after the third lessn I left his class，never t return.This stiff(僵硬)and cmmnplace gymnastics which he called dancing nly disturbed my dream.I dreamed f a different dance.I did nt knw just what it wuld be，but I was feeling ut twards an invisible wrld int which I guessed I might enter if I fund the key.
My art was already in me when I was a little girl，and it was wing t the heric and adventurus spirit f my mther that it was nt prevented.I believe that whatever the child is ging t d in life shuld be begun when it is very yung.I wnder hw many parents realize that by the s­called educatin they are giving their children，they are nly driving them int the cmmnplace，and taking away frm them any chance f ding anything beautiful r riginal.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者小时候学习舞蹈的经历，以及妈妈对她的支持和理解告诉父母们应该发现并培养孩子的天赋，而不是用所谓的教育把孩子推向平凡。
5．What was the writer ding when her mther came hme ne day?
A．Teaching sme babies t dance.
B．Directing sme babies t walk.
C．Getting sme babies tgether.
D．Making sme babies sit still.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“had them sitting befre me n the flr while I was teaching them t wave their arms.When she asked the explanatin f this，I infrmed her that it was my schl f dance.(我让他们坐在我的前面，教他们挥动手臂。当她问我对此的解释时，我告诉她这是我的舞蹈学校)”可知，妈妈回家时作者正在教一些小孩跳舞。
答案：A
6．Hw did the writer find the ballet?
A．Old and unppular.
B．Ugly and unnatural.
C．Graceful and riginal.
D．Dreamlike and gymnastic.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“When the teacher tld me t stand n my tes(脚趾)I asked him why，and when he replied“Because it is beautiful”，I said that it was ugly and against nature and after the third lessn I left his class，never t return.(当老师叫我用脚趾站起来时我问他为什么，当他回答“因为它很美”时，我说它很丑，而且违背了自然)”可知，作者认为芭蕾舞很丑且违背自然。
答案：B
7．What did the writer think she wed her success in art t?
A．The ballet classes she had attended.
B．Her inbrn talent and great effrts.
C．The lucky chance her parents gave her.
D．Her mther's supprt and understanding.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“My art was already in me when I was a little girl，and it was wing t the heric and adventurus spirit f my mther that it was nt prevented.(当我还是一个小女孩的时候，我的艺术就已经在我心中了，正是由于我母亲的英勇和冒险精神，它才没有被阻止)”可知，作者把自己在艺术方面的成功归功于妈妈的支持和理解。
答案：D
8．What's the main idea f the text?
A．Children shuld be encuraged t be educated as early as pssible.
B．Children shuld be driven t develp their interest in art at an early age.
C．Parents shuld discver and develp their yung children's natural gift.
D．Parents shuld instruct their children t decide n a prmising ccupatin.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段的“I believe that whatever the child is ging t d in life shuld be begun when it is very yung.I wnder hw many parents realize that by the s­called educatin they are giving their children，they are nly driving them int the cmmnplace，and taking away frm them any chance f ding anything beautiful r riginal.(我相信孩子一生中要做的事情都应该在很小的时候就开始。我想知道有多少父母意识到，通过他们给孩子的所谓教育，他们只会把他们推向平凡，剥夺他们做任何美好或原创事情的机会)”可知，文章通过作者小时候学习舞蹈的经历，以及妈妈对她的支持和理解告诉父母们应该发现并培养孩子的天赋，而不是用所谓的教育把孩子推向平凡。
答案：C
C
(2023·深圳市高三第二次调研)Endangered plar bears are breeding(繁殖)with grizzly bears(灰熊)，creating “pizzly” bears，which is being driven by climate change，scientists say.
As the wrld warms and Arctic sea ice thins，starving plar bears are being frced ever further suth，where they meet grizzlies，whse ranges are expanding nrthwards.And with that grwing cntact between the tw cme increasing hybrids(杂交种)．
With characteristics that culd give the hybrids an advantage in warming nrthern habitats，sme scientists guess that they culd be here t stay.“Usually，hybrids aren't better suited t their envirnments than their parents，but these hybrids are able t search fr a brader range f fd surces，”Larisa DeSantis，an assciate prfessr f bilgical sciences at Vanderbilt University，tld Live Science.
The rise f“pizzly”bears appears with plar bears' decline：their numbers are estimated t decrease by mre than 30% in the next 30 years.This sudden fall is linked partly t“pizzly”bears taking up plar bears' ranges，where they utcmpete them，but als t plar bears' highly specialized diets.
“Plar bears mainly cnsumed sft fds even during the Medieval Warm Perid，a previus perid f rapid warming.”DeSantis said，referring t fat meals such as seals.“Althugh all f these starving plar bears are trying t find alternative fd surces，like seabird eggs，it culd be a tipping pint fr their survival.”Actually，the calries they gain frm these surces d nt balance ut thse they burn frm searching fr them.This culd result in a habitat ready fr the hybrids t mve in and take ver，leading t a lss in bidiversity if plar bears are replaced.
“We're having massive impacts with climate change n species，”DeSantis said.“The plar bear is telling us hw bad things are.In sme sense，‘pizzly’bears culd be a sad but necessary cmprmise given current warming trends.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。
9．Why d plar bears mve further suth?
A．T create hybrids. B．T expand territry.
C．T relieve hunger. D．T cntact grizzlies.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“As the wrld warms and Arctic sea ice thins，starving plar bears are being frced ever further suth，where they meet grizzlies，whse ranges are expanding nrthwards.(随着世界变暖和北极海冰变薄，饥饿的北极熊被迫越来越向南，在那里它们遇到灰熊，灰熊的活动范围正在向北扩展。)”可知北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。
答案：C
10．What makes“pizzly”bears adapt t natural surrundings better than their parents?
A．Brader habitats. B．Mre fd ptins.
C．Climate preference. D．Imprved breeding ability.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“‘Usually，hybrids aren't better suited t their envirnments than their parents，but these hybrids are able t search fr a brader range f fd surces，’Larisa DeSantis，an assciate prfessr f bilgical sciences at Vanderbilt University，tld Live Science.(范德比尔特大学(Vanderbilt University)生物科学副教授拉里萨·德桑蒂斯(Larisa DeSantis)对《生活科学》(Live Science)说：‘通常情况下，杂交种并不比它们的父母更适合它们的环境，但这些杂交种能够寻找更广泛的食物来源。’)”可知更多的食物选择让“小灰熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。
答案：B
11．What des the underlined phrase“a tipping pint” in Paragraph 5 refer t?
A．A rare chance.
B．A critical stage.
C．A psitive factr.
D．A cnstant change.
解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段画线词后文“Actually，the calries they gain frm these surces d nt balance ut thse they burn frm searching fr them.(事实上，他们从这些来源获得的热量并不能抵消他们在寻找这些来源时燃烧的热量。)”及下一句“This culd result in a habitat ready fr the hybrids t mve in and take ver，leading t a lss in bidiversity if plar bears are replaced.(这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。)”可知，无法找到食物来源，北极熊很可能被灰熊取代，处于生存的关键点。画线句“Althugh all f these starving plar bears are trying t find alternative fd surces，like seabird eggs，it culd be a tipping pint fr their survival.(尽管所有这些饥饿的北极熊都在努力寻找其他食物来源，比如海鸟蛋，但这可能是它们生存的转折点。)”，be a tipping pint“转折点”，相当于A critical stage(关键阶段)。
答案：B
12．What's the main idea f the text?
A．Plar bears are changing diets fr climate change.
B．Plar bears have already adjusted t climate change.
C．“Pizzly”bears are n the rise because f glbal warming.
D．“Pizzly”bears have replaced plar bears fr glbal warming.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Endangered plar bears are breeding with grizzly bears，creating“pizzly”bears，which is being driven by climate change，scientists say.(科学家称，受气候变化的驱动，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出‘小灰熊’。)”和倒数第二段“This culd result in a habitat ready fr the hybrids t mve in and take ver，leading t a lss in bidiversity if plar bears are replaced.(这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。)”以及文章大意，可知由于全球变暖，“小灰熊”的数量正在上升。
答案：C