2024版高考英语一轮复习题型基础练题型一阅读理解话题7生态环保作业课件

这是一份2024版高考英语一轮复习题型基础练题型一阅读理解话题7生态环保作业课件，共39页。PPT课件主要包含了经典3+2，难句分析，创新1+1，新角度·考查句意理解，核心词汇等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Passage 1　[2022新高考Ⅰ卷·B]Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, "fd waste ges against the mral grain," as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth‘s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm "ugly" (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, "if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld."
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it’s mre like 12 bxes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished(有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. "Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat," Curtin des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?A. We pay little attentin t fd waste. B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
2.What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the text?A. Mral decline. B. Envirnmental harm.C. Energy shrtage. D. Wrldwide starvatin. 3.What des Curtin’s cmpany d?A. It prduces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D. It makes meals ut f unwanted des Curtin suggest peple d?A. Buy nly what is needed. B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.C. G shpping nce a week. D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it.(Para. 3)分析:Prducing fd是动名词短语作主语,that n ne eats是that引导的定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,过去分词短语used t grw it 是the water, fuel, and ther resurces的后置定语。译文:生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源。
Passage 2　[2021全国乙卷·C]Yu‘ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpcalypse," a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic pllutin, but they‘ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that‘s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad‘s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled "Trucklad f Plastic," Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.C. Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage n the beach.
2.Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A. T shw the difficulty f their recycling.B. T explain why they are useful.C. T vice his views n mdern art.D. T find a substitute fr effect wuld "Trucklad f Plastic" have n viewers?A. Calming.B. Disturbing.C. Refreshing.D. f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?A. Artists’Opinins n Plastic SafetyB. Media Interest in Cntemprary ArtC. Respnsibility Demanded f Big CmpaniesD. Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
3.B　推断　根据第四段的内容可知,通过2018年的一件作品,Vn Wng想要说明一项明确的数据:每60秒就有一卡车的塑料进入海洋。为了这件名为"Trucklad f Plastic"的作品,Vn Wng和一群志愿者收集了一万多件塑料,然后这些塑料被捆到一起,就像它们是一起从卡车上倒下来的一样。这一作品直观展现了塑料污染的严重性,会令人不安,故选B。disturbing"令人不安的,令人震惊的"。4.D　理解文章主旨要义　通览全文可知,作者讲述了艺术家Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作雕塑以期唤起人们对环保问题的关注的事迹,因此最佳标题为D。
熟词生义pressure(Para.5)常用义:n.压力;挤压例句:The pressure n dctrs is increasing steadily. 医生的压力越来越大。文章义:v.逼迫;使迫不得已例句:They’re pressuring him t make a decisin. 他们在逼迫他作出决定。
Fr this wrk, titled "Trucklad f Plastic," Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce. (Para. 4)分析:titled "Trucklad f Plastic,"作this wrk的后置定语,相当于which was titled "Trucklad f Plastic,";which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic。译文:为了这件名为"Trucklad f Plastic"的作品,Vn Wng和一群志愿者收集了一万多件塑料,然后这些塑料被捆到一起,就像它们是一起从卡车上倒下来的一样。
Passage 3　[2022山东潍坊模拟·B]It’s a simple yet effective message that appeals, and leads t a satisfying way f mtivating us t prmte envirnmentalism in ur wn way.Brn in Nairbi, Lesein Mutunkei is in his late teens, and his Trees4Gals is the means with which he intends t make the wrld greener. It unites tw f his self-declared passins in life: lve f the utdrs, with his lve f ftball. Lesein enjyed walking in the frest, but he recgnized that his cuntry was experiencing a serius lss f tree cver. Between 2001 and 2020, Kenya lst an estimated 11% f trees, releasing as many as 176 millin tns f CO2.In a blg pst fr WWF Kenya, Lesein revealed that, nce he started the Trees4Gals initiative, he riginally planned t plant ne tree per gal. By 2020, he wanted t take his effrts even further. What started as ne tree planted per gal mushrmed int 11 trees planted per gal. Explaining the reasning behind expanding the tree-planting, he said, "It represents team effrt in ftball and the cntributin by my team. I have managed t hit the 1,000th tree milestne in the last tw years."
While it’s smething f an wn gal t destry the frests and jungles prviding enrmus bidiversity, innvative initiatives like Trees4Gals are an assured way t scre an envirnmentalist hat-trick. Ftball is ppular. It cuts thrugh cultural barriers irrespective f the cuntry it is played in. By increasing the trees planted per gal, with mre such initiatives springing up, even mre will be grwn. Like a seed, best ideas start small and change int smething that can becme far larger than anticipated. While Lesein cntinues planting 11 trees per gal, Kenyan gvernment is aiming t ensure the planting f 1.8 billin trees t reach 10% frest cverage. The science behind is clear: if 900 millin hectares are devted t half a trillin trees, the wrld can ffset(抵消)half f all carbn released since gave Lesein the idea f launching the prject?A. Release f t much CO2. B. Dream f mtivating thers.C. Passin fr sprts and nature.D. Habit f exercising in the did Lesein d in 2020?A. He created a blg fr WWF.B. He multiplied his cmmitment.C. He planted ne tree fr each gal.D. He extended his wrk t ther teams.
3.What d the underlined wrds "wn gal" in Paragraph 4 refer t?A. Aim that is intended t achieve.B. Actin that harms ne’s wn interests.C. Pursuit tward which effrt is directed.D. Gal that is scred fr the ppsing can we learn frm Lesein’s stry?A. United, we win. B. N pain, n gain.C. Lve me, lve my dg.D. Small deeds, big difference.
Passage 4　[2023湖北8月摸底联考]Banff Natinal Park is hme t an amazing wildlife ppulatin. But the busy Trans-Canada Highway that cuts thrugh the park is a hazard t the lvely animals. T address the prblem, Banff first put up wildlife fencing n either side f the highway t discurage animals frm entering the busy rad. Then, since 1996, six wildlife verpasses and 38 underpasses have been pened t help the animals crss the highway in safety.I was frtunate t visit Banff‘s Red Earth Overpass with Trevr Kinley, the prject manager f Parks Canada. He tld me that s far, they have dcumented 10,000 safe animal crssings n this verpass alne."Sme animals have learned hw t use the crssings much mre quickly than thers. Black bears are the fastest learners, fllwed by deer. Wlves and lins take the lngest t wrk ut hw t use them," Kinley said, laughing. "But thse animals that are slwer t adapt are usually mre capable and determined t figure ut the safest way t crss thse verpasses and underpasses."There is sme criticism(批评) that channeling s much wildlife int a few bridges and tunnels is like making a trap fr the animals, ffering big animals an easy meal n either side. "But research has shwn that this is nt the case," Kinley assured me. "There are n mre killings arund the crssings than anywhere else in the park."
Walking ver the Trans-Canada Highway and then walking underneath thrugh ne f the tunnels, I was amazed t see the fresh tracks f black bears, wlves, deer and many kinds f smaller animals. Smehw, I was s happy t see all these animal ftprints, knwing that all this wildlife was passing safely under and ver the lngest rad in Canada.Hpefully, the success f the wildlife crssings in Banff will cntinue t inspire similar slutins arund the wrld, where human pressure n wildlife cntinues t f the fllwing best explains the underlined wrd "hazard" in paragraph 1?A. Shelter.B. Message.C.Answer.D. Danger. 2.What des Trevr Kinley say abut thse wlves and lins?A. They are stupid animals.B. They are cautius learners. C. They are very dangerus.D. They are gd at adapting.
3.What are the critics wrried abut?A. There are t many bridges and tunnels.B. Many animals will nt use the crssings.C. Mre killings might happen at the crssings.D. Illegal hunting might be encuraged in the park. 4.Hw des the authr feel at the end f the visit?A. Cncerned.B. Disappinted.C. Shcked.D. Delighted.
3.C　理解具体信息　根据文章第四段中的"There is sme criticism(批评) big animals an easy meal n either side"可知,批评者担心的是动物集中穿过这些通道时,容易被其他大型动物吃掉。4.D　理解具体信息　根据倒数第二段中的"Smehw, I was s happy t see all these animal ftprints"可知,作者在参观结束时是高兴的。
Passage 5　 [2023江苏南京六校调研·B]Queen Elizabeth Natinal Park is a place f utstanding beauty and extreme bidiversity. On a previus underwater assignment with my wife and phtgraphic partner, Jennifer Hayes, we’d dcumented healthy cral reefs surrunded with fish, sharks, and crcdiles. We knew that time, increased turism and climate change culd make the park different — s 15 years later, we returned t see hw it was ging. We were phtgraphing sme jellyfish. Jennifer, her back t me, was fcused n smething abve her. Out f the crner f my viewfinder, I saw a sizable crcdile cming. As I began t take its phtgraph, I realized that the crcdile was ging t swim directly between Jennifer and me. I started t make lud nises thrugh my regulatr and mved twards Jennifer, firing a burst f flash-lit shts t warn her that we had cmpany. She quickly detected my signal and turned t meet ur visitr.
She gave me a quick thumbs-up, ndded OK, and said "Hell, handsme" as she bent clser t take its phts. I admired her fr treating the crcdile with respect, calm curisity, and abslute jy. She didn‘t feel threatened. She was familiar with this kind f crcdile in this particular place — and she had a big underwater camera husing that culd duble as a mighty shield (盾牌) if needed. After a few pictures the crcdile, unimpressed with us, swam dwnstream n its way t d ther crcdile things. We cntinued ur search fr jellyfish.There is always risk in ur line f wrk. But this encunter highlighted the gd news that we saw all arund us here. The crcdile is an indicatr animal, a symbl f a healthy ecsystem that can supprt tp predatrs (捕食性动物). The easing f travel restrictins is bund t bring mre turists — s it’s vital t maintain a balance amng ecturism, explratin, and cnservatin. That’s pssible if visitrs adpt the same philsphy that we hld tward that curius crcdile. We enter Earth‘s ceans n their terms, nt ur wn. 1.What was the authr’s purpse in returning t Queen Elizabeth Natinal Park?A. T enjy its beauty.B. T assess a dcument. C. T check its ecsystem.D. T phtgraph jellyfish.
2.Why did Jennifer feel at ease with the crcdile? A. She met it befre. B. She trusted her husband. C. She culd prtect herself. D. She lnged fr its is the implied meaning f the underlined part in the last paragraph? A. Explre nature with curisity. B. Respect nature while explring it.C. Study nature while develping turism. D. Prtect nature thrugh bilgical research. 4.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text? A. A Narrw Escape B. A Risky Jb C. An Underwater Assignment D. A Chance Meeting
4.D　理解文章主旨要义　文章讲述了作者和妻子返回伊丽莎白女王国家公园,想看看生态系统的变化,后来在拍照过程中偶遇了一只鳄鱼。通过和鳄鱼的短暂接触,他们觉得生态系统维持得很好,最后作者呼吁我们在探索自然的过程中也要尊重自然。所以D项最适合作本文的标题。
核心单词Para.1:utstanding adj.杰出的,优秀的;明显的Para.4:highlight v. 突出,强调核心短语Para.3:be familiar with 熟悉;通晓词缀变形Para.3:curisity n.好奇心,求知欲→curius adj.好奇的,求知欲强的　Para.4:indicatr n.标志,迹象→indicate v.表明,显示　cnservatin n.(对自然环境的)保护;节约→cnserve v.保护;节省
Passage 6　 [2023江苏南京学情调研·C]Plastic fishing nets, the s-called ghst nets, abandned yearly in the sea — abut 1 millin tns — are mre than just rubbish; they‘re a killer. Fish, seabirds, and turtles get caught in the netting and die, with mre species at risk.Much shcked at this, Pranveer Singh Rathre, a materials-science engineer and materials R&D Manager at Samsung, and his team set themselves the task f giving new life t the deadly nets. Last mnth, Samsung revealed a new line f Galaxy prducts made in part frm recycled plastic fishing nets fr the first time. The cmpany estimates this year alne it can recycle ver 50 tns f cean-bund plastic int the key cmpnents that will g int its smartphnes, tablets, and cmputers, thus taking a bite ut f the glbal ghst nets prblem.It’s n small task t give waste fishing nets a secnd act. The nets are typically made f a substance called nyln which tends t dramatically degrade(降解) the lnger it sits in the cean and is expsed t the sun. "This makes it nearly impssible t use abandned fishing nets directly," Rathre explains. Besides, high-perfrmance smartphnes, tablet cmputers, r PCs have t be waterprf and be able t survive severe weather. The nyln in the fishing nets falls far shrt f that level f durability.
新情境·"鬼网"的危害
T deal with that prblem, Samsung last summer teamed up with tw partners: ne t cllect and transfrm the nets int tiny nyln pellets(团粒)while the ther t strengthen their tughness and durability. The end result: The partners hit upn an ec-friendly and high-perfrmance plastic material that‘s being used t build the cmpnent parts fr its latest line f prducts. Fr example, tw parts f the Galaxy S22 mbile phne — the key bracket and the inner cver — are made f these plastic fishing net materials. Samsung aims t use even mre upcycled materials in future prduct lines."That‘s the hpe fr the glbe and ur missin," Rathre des the underlined wrd "this" in Paragraph 2 refer t?A. Rubbish in the sea.　B. Recycling the deadly nets.C. Ocean species’extinctin.　D. Ghst nets‘ threat t sea life.
2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?A. The lw level f durability f nyln.　 B. The secnd act f waste fishing nets.C. The great difficulty in reusing ghst nets.　D. The psitive cmment n Samsung’s is special abut Samsung‘s new Galaxy prducts?A. They are made frm tiny nyln pellets.B. They put an end t the prblem f fishing nets.C. They can stand up t water and severe weather.D. They cntain materials recycled frm ghst can we learn abut Rathre’s wrk?A. It makes plastic easier t break dwn.　B. It marks the shift f Samsung‘s missin.C. It prtects the planet frm chking n plastic.　D. It raises public awareness f cean explratin.
2.C　理解段落主旨要义　各个选项分析如下: