新高考英语二轮复习课件+讲义（新高考版） 第1部分 阅读理解与阅读七选五　专题1　第7讲　常考话题2　生态环保类

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习课件+讲义（新高考版） 第1部分 阅读理解与阅读七选五　专题1　第7讲　常考话题2　生态环保类，文件包含新高考英语二轮复习课件+讲义新高考版第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第7讲常考话题2生态环保类pptx、新高考英语二轮复习新高考版第1部分阅读理解与七选五专题1第7讲常考话题二生态环保类教师版docx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
常考话题二　生态环保类
“人与自然和谐发展”是时代的主题，生态环保类阅读理解是历年高考命题的热点，这类文章与学生的生活息息相关。通过对这些话题的学习和高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。因此，考生应该了解生态环保类文章的以下特点：
生态环保类说明文通常会开门见山表明作者的观点，并且通常使用比较新颖的词汇和长难句，这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题和细节理解题上。具体答题策略如右：
(2021·全国乙·C)Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year.But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des.He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage，frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year，the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse”，a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves，frzen mid-crash.Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups，the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City，Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic pllutin，but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and，because f their small size and weight，they cannt be recycled.Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes.Once the drink is gne，the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018，Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic：Every 60 secnds，a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean.Fr this wrk，titled “Trucklad f Plastic”，Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic，which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
语篇解读　艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng非常关注塑料污染的问题，他用回收的废旧塑料垃圾创作巨型雕塑，以唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
28.What are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?A.Beautifying the city he lives ec-friendly public attentin t plastic garbage n the beach.
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage，frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.”可知，艺术家Vn Wng制作雕塑的目的是迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，即关注塑料垃圾造成的问题。
29.Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A.T shw the difficulty f their explain why they are vice his views n mdern find a substitute fr them.
细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是其中的“Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic f their small size and weight，they cannt be recycled.”可知，全球仅有9%的塑料废弃物被回收利用，而且作者特别说明了塑料吸管因为体积小和重量轻而无法被回收。由此可知，作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管的问题是为了说明塑料吸管回收的困难。故选A。
30.What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers?A.Calming. D.Challenging.
推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，Trucklad f Plastic这一作品直观展现了塑料污染的严重性，会令人不安，故选B。
31.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?A.Artists’ Opinins n Plastic SafetyB.Media Interest in Cntemprary ArtC.Respnsibility Demanded f Big CmpaniesD.Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
标题归纳题。通览全文可知，作者主要讲述了艺术家Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作雕塑以唤起人们对环保问题的关注，因此最佳标题为D。
A(2022·广东茂名一模)The Amazn rainfrest is as undisturbed a place as mst peple can imagine，but even there，the effects f a changing climate are playing ut.Nw，research suggests that many f the regin’s mst sensitive bird species are starting t evlve in respnse t warming.
Birds are ften cnsidered sentinel(哨兵)species—meaning that they indicate the verall health f an ecsystem—s scientists are particularly interested in hw they’re respnding t climate change.In general，the news has nt been gd.Fr instance，a 2019 reprt by the Natinal Audubn Sciety fund that mre than tw-thirds f Nrth America’s bird species will be in danger f extinctin by 2100 if warming trends cntinue n their current curse.
Fr the new study，researchers cllected the biggest dataset s far n the Amazn’s resident birds，representing 77 nn-migratry species and lasting the 40 years frm 1979 t 2019.During the study perid，the average temperature in the regin rse，while the amunt f rainfall declined，making fr a htter，dryer climate verall.Accrding t the reprt n Nvember 12 in the jurnal Science Advances,36 species have lst substantial weight，as much as 2 percent f their bdy weight per decade since 1980.Meanwhile，all the species shwed sme decrease in average bdy mass，while a third grew lnger wings.
Because f the study’s lng time series and large sample sizes，the authrs were able t shw the mrphlgical(形态学的)effects f climate change n resident birds.Hwever，the researchers themselves are unsure and wnder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds，but suppse smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cl.In general，smaller animals have a larger rate f surface area t bdy size，s they dissipate mre heat faster than a bigger animal.Less available fd，such as fruit r insects，in dryer weather might lead t smaller bdy size.语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了气候变化对鸟的影响。
1.Why are scientists fnd f ding research n birds?A.They have small bdy are sensitive t ht live in an undisturbed are eclgical balance indicatrs.
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟是因为鸟是生态系统平衡的指标。故选D。
2.What can we learn frm the new study?A.A third f species have been extinct fr a species lst 2% f their bdy weight every f species shwed a cnsiderable decrease in 26 species respnded t climate change with lnger wings.
推理判断题。根据第三段中“representing 77 nn-migratry species”以及“while a third grew lnger wings”可知，大约26种鸟类长出较长的翅膀来应对气候变化。故选D。
3.What des the underlined wrd “dissipate” in the last paragraph mean?A.Put ff. B.Give away. D.Give away.
词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“ birds may have an easier time keeping cl.In general，smaller animals have a larger rate f surface area t bdy size”可知较小动物的表面积相对于自身整体而言较大，因此散发热量就更多更快，所以更容易保持凉爽，dissipate的意思是“散发”，与Give ff(散发)的词义一致。故选B。
4.What wuld prbably the researchers further study?A.Why it is easier fr smaller animals t keep effects the wing length changes have n the Amaznian birds have lst substantial bird species in Nrth America will be extinct in 2100.
推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句(然而，研究者们自己也不确信，想知道鸟的翅膀长度变化对鸟有什么好处)可知，研究者将进一步研究鸟的翅膀长度变化对鸟有什么影响。故选B。
B(2022·湖南长沙雅礼中学一模)The ver 48,000 range trees in Seville，Spain，nt nly fill the city’s air with the pleasant smell f range blssms in spring，but they als prduce ver 16,500 tns f fruit every winter.Thugh that makes the capital f suthern Spain’s Andalusia regin Eurpe’s tp range-prducing city，the fruit is t sur t be cnsumed fresh.While sme f the prduce is used t make range jam and an alchlic drink，mst f it ends up in Seville’s landfills(填埋场).
Hwever，that may change sn thanks t a clever idea t use the ranges t prduce clean energy.The trial prgram is being launched by the city’s cuncil and park department in cperatin with Emasesa，Seville’s water supply and sanitatin(卫生) divisin.Juice frm 38.6 tns f ranges will be left t ferment(发酵) in a specialized facility.The methane(甲烷) released frm the fermented liquid will be captured and used t drive a generatr t prduce clean pwer.The fficials estimate the test run will prduce abut 1,500 kWh f energy—enugh t run ne f Emasesa’s water purificatin plants.T ensure there is n waste，
the range skins，peels，and flesh will be used as fertilizer.“It’s nt just abut saving mney.The ranges are a prblem fr the city，and we’re prducing added value frm waste，” said Benign Lpez，head f Emasesa’s envirnmental department.If successful，by 2023，the city hpes t recycle all the ranges and add the electricity prduced back int its pwer transmissin netwrk.In trial runs，ne tn f ranges prduced 50 kWh f clean energy—enugh t cver the daily electricity needs f five hmes.The prject team estimates that if all the fruit is recycled，
it will prduce enugh energy t pwer as many as 73,000 residences.“This prject will help us t reach ur targets fr reducing emissins，energy self-sufficiency，and the circular ecnmy，” Juan Espadas Cejas，mayr f Seville，said in the press cnference annuncing the trial scheme.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。西班牙城市塞维利亚的冬季是橙色的季节，但是当地近16 500吨的橙子大部分都作为垃圾被掩埋。然而，这一现象即将改变，这些无用的橙子将被用来生产清洁能源。
5.What d we knw abut ranges in Seville frm the first paragraph?A.They are usually picked in are mstly used t make jams and are nt recmmended t be eaten make Seville the wrld’s tp range-prducing city.
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，塞维利亚的橙子太酸了，不建议新鲜食用。故选C。
6.What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?A.Different uses f t prduce pwer frm intrductin t the trial the trial prgram was put frward.
段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要介绍了这一试验方案。故选C。
7.What can we infer frm the passage?A.Seville hasn’t carried ut the trial prgram electricity prduced will be used t purify electricity prduced will g t Seville’s pwer may need t recycle 14,600 tns f ranges t pwer 73,000 hmes.
推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，一吨橙子产生的清洁能源足够满足五个家庭的日常用电需要。那么73 000个家庭则需要14 600吨橙子。故选D。