适用于新教材2024版高考英语一轮总复习Unit4ScientistsWhoChangedtheWorld牛津译林版必修第三册

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必修第三册　Unit4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Igor Sikorsky was born on May 25th,1889.Sikorsky developed an interest in natural science in his youth.He began studying at the Saint Petersburg Maritime Cadet Corps at the age of 14.In 1906,he decided that his future lay in engineering,so he left to study in Paris.In 1907,he returned home to complete his studies at the Mechanical College of Kyiv Polytechnic Institute.
A year later,on a trip to Germany with his father,he learned of the achievements of the Wright Brothers and Ferdinand von Zeppelin’s airships.Sikorsky later said about this:“Within twenty-four hours,I’d decided to pursue aviation.”
Sikorsky then started his work on designing a helicopter.The first two attempts failed in 1909 and 1910,so he stopped and turned to fixed-wing aircraft (飞行器).His first attempt,the S-1,also failed.But his second attempt,the S-2,was a success.He continued to develop his knowledge to improve his airplane models.During this time,he also got his pilot’s license(执照).His fifth plane,the S-5,won him national attention.His sixth plane,the S-6-A,won him the highest award at the 1912 Moscow Aviation Exhibition.He built the first four-engine plane in 1913.
To continue to seek his dream,Sikorsky went to the United States in 1919,where he began teaching mathematics.He worked day and night and saved enough money to establish his own aviation company on Long Island in 1923.The company did pretty well but Sikorsky was dreaming big.
All this time,his dream of building a helicopter had just grown bigger and he never stopped writing down his designs and ideas.In 1939,his dream came true.Sikorsky finally completed the VS-300 and piloted its first flight himself.It was the first successful helicopter of the United States and by 1940 served as the model for all single-rotor(单旋翼) helicopters.
Sikorsky’s work contributed greatly to the aviation industry and he was recognized as the father of helicopters because of his pioneering designs.He officially retired in 1957,but he continued to work as a consultant(顾问) until his death in 1972 at the age of 83.
1.What did Igor Sikorsky do after a trip in 1908?
A.He made engineering his major.
B.He moved from France to Germany.
C.He decided to change his life’s work.
D.He returned home to continue his studies.
2.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A.Igor Sikorsky’s continuous hard work.
B.The life lessons Igor Sikorsky learned.
C.The reasons for Igor Sikorsky’s past failures.
D.Igor Sikorsky’s attempts to design helicopters.
3.What happened in the 1930s?
A.Igor Sikorsky’s helicopter was a success.
B.Igor Sikorsky received his pilot’s license.
C.Igor Sikorsky’s own company was set up.
D.Igor Sikorsky became a mathematics teacher.
4.What does the story of Igor Sikorsky inspire people to do?
A.To face danger fearlessly.
B.To treasure what they have.
C.To seek help from others.
D.To stick to their dreams.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023广东汕尾调研)
Throughout our lives,we have been told to take care of our physical health.But what is often ignored is mental health.That’s why World Mental Health Day was created.　1　. 
When is World Mental Health Day?
World Mental Health Day is on October 10th.Though there is one specific date for it,it is often times celebrated and observed over the course of a week.　2　, it allows more people to know about the importance of mental health and it educates the public about the “why”, “how” and “what” of mental health. 
What is the history of World Mental Health Day?
　3　.When it first started,the day had no theme,but instead was an excuse for medical workers to educate the public on what was not always openly discussed — what mental health is and the issues that surround it.Mental health affects everything from our emotional state to our physical state,and everything in between.In the first few years,organizers usually hosted a global live broadcast,leading to live telephone participation from all over the world. 
　4　? 
You can volunteer in or donate some money to mental health services to improve the livelihoods of people struggling with mental illnesses.Besides,too often we are too busy to slow down and take a breath.If you take a mental health day,you are giving yourself the space to grow and take care of your mental health.Lastly,you should check on your friends.Go for a walk with them or have an extended phone conversation if you are far away.　5　. 
A.Why mental health is so important
B.How to observe World Mental Health Day
C.By celebrating it in a week instead of a day
D.If we value the importance of mental health
E.The first World Mental Health Day began in 1992
F.In this article,let’s explore World Mental Health Day
G.You might be surprised at how much you can help them relax
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022山东泰安全真模拟)
The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival,or Double Ninth Festival.It 1.　　　　　　(normal) falls in October in the Gregorian calendar.On this day,people like eating Double Ninth Gao (or Cake).In Chinese,gao (cake) has the same 2.　　　　　　　(pronounce) with gao (height).People do so just to hope for progress in everything they are engaged in.As a matter of fact,there are no 3.(fix) ways for the Double Ninth cake,but super cakes have as many as nine layers,looking like a tower. 
The Double Ninth Festival is also a time 4. the chrysanthemum(菊花) blooms.China boasts diversified species of chrysanthemum and people have loved them since ancient times.So enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum also becomes 5.　　　　　 essential activity in this festival.Also,people usually drink chrysanthemum wine.Women used 6.　　　　　　(stick) such a flower into their hair or hang its branches on windows or doors to avoid evilness. 
In 1989,the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival 7.　　　　　 Seniors’ Day.Since then,all government units,organizations and street communities 8.　　　　　　　　　(organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their 9.　　　　　(post).At the waterside or on the mountains,the seniors find 10.　　　　　　　(they) in harmony with nature.Younger generations always bring elder ones to suburban areas or send gifts to them on this day. 
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022河北衡水二模)
I was four years old in 1993,when my family emigrated(移民) from the United Arab Emirates to Toronto.Young enough to be changed by my new home,but old enough to know I was different from everyone around me.I was the only Arab and only Muslim in my junior kindergarten class.Beyond those obvious differences,Canadian life proved to be quite distinct in other ways.And I discovered another surprise that December.
Overnight,everything was suddenly covered in red and green.My classmates talked excitedly about cookies and what gifts they’d asked Santa for that Christmas.At some point,I must have asked myself,“What is Christmas?” There’s nothing quite like it in the Muslim world.The closest comparison might be Eidal-Adha,which translates from Arabic to “Festival of sacrifice”.While both holidays show the same spirit of sharing with the less fortunate and spending time with loved ones,Eid meant new clothes and a family dinner.And that was about it.No tree decorated with ornaments(装饰物),and no gifts covered in wrapping paper.
Christmas was completely foreign to me,but then my parents unexpectedly informed me that Santa would be paying us a visit on Christmas Eve.“But aren’t we Muslim?” I asked.
“Yes,but Santa loves all children equally and gets them all gifts,” my mother replied.
So on that first Christmas Eve in Canada,she hung oversized red and white stockings,each one customized with our names,off our bedposts.I have a distinct memory of the restless expectation that kept me awake long after bedtime and my joy when I got up on Christmas morning to find my stocking filled with gifts.
Still in my pyjamas(睡衣),I ran over to the kitchen to tell my parents that Santa had indeed visited us last night.I asked if they’d seen him,and Mom said,“Of course!” Mom offered Santa a cup of coffee,as is the Arab custom when hosting guests.He needed the energy for the long night ahead,she told me.
When I returned to school after the holidays,I had a story to share with my classmates.Santa had visited me too!I could show off gifts while other kids showed off theirs.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
My parents kept our Christmas tradition going for years,until I was too old to believe in Santa anymore.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As an adult,I’ve come to realize creating a sense of belonging is joining in traditions.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


参考答案
必修第三册　Unit4
Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述在直升机设计领域做出开创性贡献的科学家伊戈尔·西科斯基的故事。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In1906,hedecidedthathisfuturelayinengineering”和“In1907,hereturnedhometocompletehisstudiesattheMechanicalCollegeofKyivPolytechnicInstitute.”以及第二段的“Ayearlater,onatriptoGermanywithhisfather”和“Withintwenty-fourhours,I’ddecidedtopursueaviation.”可知,1908年伊戈尔·西科斯基在那次旅行之后便把他的梦想从机械工程改成了航空。
2.A　主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知,本段主要展现了伊戈尔·西科斯基在设计飞行器方面所作出的不懈努力。
3.A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“In1939hisdreamcametrue.SikorskyfinallycompletedtheVS-300andpiloteditsfirstflighthimself.”可知,伊戈尔·西科斯基想要设计直升机的梦想在1939年实现,最终完成了VS-300并亲自驾驶进行了首飞。由此可知,20世纪30年代,IgorSikorsky设计的直升机取得了成功。
4.D　推理判断题。根据第三段和第五段中的“In1939hisdreamcametrue.SikorskyfinallycompletedtheVS-300andpiloteditsfirstflighthimself.”可知,伊戈尔·西科斯基梦想制造直升机,尽管经历多次失败,他却从未放弃,并持续不断努力,最终取得成功。由此可推知,他的故事鼓励人们坚持自己的梦想。
Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。我们一直被提醒要注意身体健康,但是我们经常忽略了精神卫生,文章主要介绍了“世界精神卫生日” 的来历及其他细节。
1.F　第一段从身体健康引出精神健康的重要性,上文“That’swhyWorldMentalHealthDaywascreated.”承上启下,引出下文,F项 “在这篇文章中,让我们来探讨一下世界精神卫生日”符合语境。
2.C　设空处前的句子 “itisoftentimescelebratedandobservedoverthecourseofaweek” 指出,虽然世界精神卫生日被设立在固定的一天,但是相关活动经常持续一周,C项“用一周而不是一天来庆祝” 承接上文,并引出下一句话。
3.E　该段的小标题为 “WhatisthehistoryofWorldMentalHealthDay?” 因此本段在阐述世界精神卫生日的历史。E项的 “第一个世界精神卫生日始于1992年”符合段意,并且与下一句 “Whenitfirststarted” 吻合。
4.B　设空处是小标题,是本段的主题句。从本段文句里列举的在这一天我们能做的事情和活动可知,本段主题是如何庆祝世界精神卫生日。结合选项可知,B项“如何庆祝世界精神卫生日” 符合语境。
5.G　结合设空处的前面两句 “Lastly,youshouldcheckonyourfriends.Goforawalkwiththemorhaveanextendedphoneconversationifyouarefaraway.” 可知,设空处需要总结关心朋友的精神健康能给朋友带来的好处。G项 “你可能会惊讶于你能在多大程度上帮助他们放松”符合语境。
Ⅲ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是中国的重阳节。
1.normally　考查词性转换。空格处修饰动词falls用副词形式,故填normally。
2.pronunciation　考查词性转换。same是形容词,修饰名词,故填pronunciation。
3.fixed　考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词ways用形容词作定语,故填fixed。
4.when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,先行词time是时间,故填when。
5.an　考查冠词。activity是可数名词的单数形式,且表泛指,前面需加不定冠词,essential发音是以元音音素开头,因此用不定冠词an。
6.to stick　考查非谓语动词。usedtodosth过去常常做某事,故填tostick。
7.as　考查介词。根据语境可知,句子表示“中国政府决定将重阳节定为老年人节”,空格处意为“作为”,故填as。
8.have organized/have been organizing　考查时态和主谓一致。由“Sincethen”可知,句子时态用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时来表示这个事情将会继续下去;主语“allgovernmentunits,organizationsandstreetcommunities”是复数,故填haveorganized/havebeenorganizing。
9.posts　考查名词的复数。post意为“职位”,是可数名词,由their可知用复数,故填posts。
10.themselves　考查反身代词。主语和宾语一致时,需用反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。
Ⅳ.　　MyparentskeptourChristmastraditiongoingforyears,untilIwastoooldtobelieveinSantaanymore.I never asked them why they went through all that bother,but I suspect they did it so we could feel like we belonged in our new country.Creating a sense of belonging is an important thing.It influences physical and mental health.But you can’t force yourself to belong somewhere.That belonging comes from a change within you,from a willingness to be part of something.
Asanadult,I’vecometorealizecreatingasenseofbelongingisjoiningintraditions.The specifics of Christmas,from Jesus to Santa,are all irrelevant in a sense.What matters is that Christmas gives us an excuse to bring people together to share in the love that unites us.So perhaps,when I have kids of my own one day,I’ll revive the family tradition and invite Santa over for a cup of coffee before he leaves my kids’ gifts in their stockings.