高中英语Unit 1 Science Fiction习题

这是一份高中英语Unit 1 Science Fiction习题，共7页。试卷主要包含了 听说你打算离开公司，我很担心， 这些传统代代相传， 会议什么时候举行还没有决定等内容，欢迎下载使用。
选择性必修四：单元练习小卷
Unit 1 Science Fiction
I.完成句子
1. 他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。(bury)
____ ____ ____ ____, he didn’t know that all the others had left. (过去分词短语作状语)
____ ____ ____ ____ ____, he didn’t know that all the others had left. (现在分词短语作状语)
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____, he didn’t know that all the others had left. (原因状语从句)
2. 听说你打算离开公司，我很担心。(alarm)
On hearing you are planning to leave the company, I ____ ____ ____.
3. 这些传统代代相传。(pass)
These traditions have been _____ ____ from one generation to the next.
4. 会议什么时候举行还没有决定。(decide)
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ when the meeting is to be held.
5. 飓风结束时，有多少建筑物被毁？(destroy)
How many buildings ____ ____ ____ when the hurricane ended?
6. 已经确认你订购的食物已被外卖小哥送来了。(confirm)
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ the food you ordered has been delivered by the delivery boy.
7. 这个男孩被提醒他的家庭作业还没交。(hand)
The boy was reminded that his homework ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.
8. 印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸，仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合，即可稳固墙体。(need)
Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones.
9. 这些苹果树是我三年前种下的，还没结出任何果实。(plant)
These apple trees, ____ ____ ____ three years ago, have not borne any fruit.
10.为了提出最佳方案，我们需要预先权衡利弊得失。(weigh)
To come up with a best solution, we need to ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ beforehand.
II. 阅读理解
A
The story of the most sustainable pair of jeans is also the story of a family whose members have dedicated their lives to denim innovation. It is the great-great-grandson of the family business founder who has brought Candiani and whole fashion industry to new heights by creating the first fully biodegradable stretch denim.
Alberto Candiani, the current owner of Candiani, created the first fully biodegradable jeans using a plant-based yarn obtained from natural rubber. Once the innovative denim came to life, a brand new pair of jeans was put to the test by being buried in forest land for six months. At the end of that period, Candiani’s team discovered the fibers had almost fully broken down. The new technology is called Coreva. “These garments are extremely durable, but at the end of their life, you could send them back to us and we recycle them, or you could fertilize your vegetables with them,” Alberto Candiani said.
Jeans generate an environmental impact that has become a real global challenge. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, it takes around 2000 gallons of water to make a typical pair of jeans. And during production, around 71 pounds of carbon dioxide are released. What’s more, most jeans are manufactured with stretch denim made with plastic, which can take hundreds of years to degrade.
But by creating a circular model in which fabrics are biodegradable at the end of their lifecycle, tons of garments can be prevented from ending up in landfills. Candiani has not only achieved this by going plastic-free, but the manufacturer has also reduced water use by 75 percent and the use of chemicals by 65 percent. Although Candiani creates a product that is about double the price of traditional denim due to the higher labor and more manufacturing costs involved, business is booming. Not only has the company tripled its production, but its motto of “the greenest mill in the blue world” is credible.
11. What is highlighted about Candiani in paragraph 1?
A. It is dedicated to clothing innovation.
B. It has the most sustainable pair of jeans.
C. It enters a new phase by creating greener fabrics.
D. Its founder’s taken the fashion industry to a new level.
12. What do we know about the innovative denim?
A. It can be reused to nourish plants. B. It is made of recycled materials.
C. It uses Coreva to make it extremely durable. D. It can last for six months under the forest land.
13. What’s the function of paragraph 3 in the passage?
A. To explain the possible reasons for global warming.
B. To show the bad effects of jeans on the environment.
C. To raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.
D. To emphasize the value of the new denim by contrast.
14. Which of the following can best describe Candiani’s innovation?
A. Doing a hard but thankless job. B. Killing two birds with one stone.
C. Putting the cart before the horse. D. Solving the problem one and for all.
B
Water equals life. This is true for people, animals and plants. And while water is plentiful in some locations, this is not the case all over the world. Now scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) may have developed a way to change that.
The new desalination (脱盐) device produces water actually above the World Health Organization standards, just by pushing a button. There are no filters (过滤器) required, and the device uses electrical power to remove salt and other particles (微粒)—including bacteria and viruses—from the saltwater. This reduces the need for constant maintenance.
Most commercially available portable desalination units use filters that require high-pressure pumps to push the water, which makes them huge in size and less energy efficient. The filterless MIT device will allow it to be used in remote or resource-limited places like small islands, ships, and even for emergency use.
The device took years to develop. After running tests in the lab with water that had different salinity and particles, it was tested at Boston’s Carson Beach. The device produced drinkable water in just half an hour.
The new desalination unit needs less power than a cell phone charger, reported Fast Company, and works using two types of electrical fields to filter the saltwater. But best of all, it is designed to be used by average people and not engineers. In fact, the device only has three buttons, one to power the device, one to start it, and one to stop it.
The researchers are still working on a final design that could use cheaper materials to make it ready by the end of next year. This small but mighty desalination unit may be the key to bringing safe water to a thirsty world.
15. What’s the advantage of the new desalination device?
A. It’s convenient. B. Ifs a lot cheaper. C. It has improved filters. D. It has a larger output.
16. How is the third paragraph developed?
A. By making comparisons. B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing causes. D. By listing figures.
17. What does the author think is the most outstanding quality of the new device?
A. It requires much less power. B. It possesses two electrical fields.
C. It can be easily operated by ordinary people. D. It is controlled by the same button.
18. What is the best title for the text?
A. Deeper research finds new contents of seawater
B. Better method improves the quality of drinking water
C. Report shows a world thirsty for safe drinking water
D. New portable device makes seawater drinkable on the way
III. 用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Digital technology-assisted preservation of ancient city wall in Xi’an, northwest China’s Shaanxi province, was recently listed among the top-10 19 (case) of digital innovation in the Chinese culture and tourism industry of 2022.
Assisted by digital technologies, the ancient city wall in the Chinese city is showing 20 (it) attractiveness in more diverse aspects. The ancient wall 21 (date) back to more than 1,400 year ago. As the city develops, they are now surrounded by busy commercial districts.
The 22 (conserve) of the city wall is about not only the wall itself but also its wooden annexes (附属建筑) and the city moat (护城河). Devices are installed in all sections of the city wall 23 stretches 13.74 kilometers to monitor the safety of the wall and annexes. The digital technologies that are employed 24 (protect) the city wall are like soldiers that never feel tired.
Based on the data 25 (collect) by the devices, the management committee built 26 warning system that sets four warning critical points for the settlement and cracking of the city wall. 27 the information center of the Xi’an city wall management committee, there’s a big screen that shows real-time passenger volume, temperature, and other data. Intelligent transformation of scenic spots brings newer experiences to tourists and makes management 28 (efficient).

参考答案：
I.完成句子
1．Buried in his study Burying himself in his study Because he was buried in his study
【详解】考查非谓语动词和状语从句。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“他埋头学习”，“他埋头学习”可用固定短语be buried in his study，此处省去be用过去分词短语，第一空是Buried in his study；“他埋头学习”还可表达为bury himself in his studybury，bury和逻辑主语he之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词burying，第二空是Burying himself in his study。“他埋头学习”是固定短语be buried in his study，第三空要求用原因状语从句，应用because引导，由didn’t可知，时态用一般过去时，主语he是第三人称单数，be动词用was，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，因此第三空是Because he was buried in his study；综上，故填Buried in his study/Burying himself in his study/Because he was buried in his study。
2．am rather alarmed
【详解】考查形容词。根据中文句意可知，空处意为对.....很担心。alarmed 意为担忧的,害怕的，be alarmed to do意为做……感到恐慌。rather表示相当，表示程度。句中主语为I，系动词用am。故填am rather alarmed。
3．passed down
【详解】考查动词短语和被动语态。根据中英文提示可知，表示“传承”应用动词短语pass down，和主语traditions构成被动关系，空前有have been，故填passed down。
4．It has not yet been decided
【详解】考查主语从句。根据句意可知，此处应为it作形式主语，when引导的主语从句，表示“还没有决定”应用现在完成时态，谓语动词decide与主语为被动关系，且表示否定意义，用否定句，表示“还”是加强语气，使用副词yet，位于否定词not之后，所以应为it has not yet been decided，又因位于句首，首字母需大写。故填It has not yet been decided。
5．had been destroyed
【详解】考查时态和语态。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是主句的谓语部分，“毁坏”翻译为destroy；主句的谓语动词destroy的动作发生在从句谓语动词ended之前，表示“过去的过去”，所以应该用过去完成时；主语buildings和动词destroy之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态。故填had been destroyed。
6. It has been confirmed that
【详解】考查主语从句和固定句式。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“已经确认”，“确认……”是固定句型It is confirmed that...，其中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是主语从句，结合句意“已经”可知，时态用现在完成时。故填It，has，been，confirmed，that。
7．had not been handed in
【详解】考查动词时态语态和短语。根据中英文提示，空处缺少谓语“没提交”，hand in“提交”，与主语homework是被动关系，根据句意和主句中的was，“hand in”表示“过去的过去”发生的动作，故用过去完成时的被动语态的否定式，故填had not been handed in。
8．so that nothing was needed
【详解】考查结果状语从句和被动语态。根据句意和前后句子间的逻辑关系可知，后一句是结果状语从句，故用so that来引导。“仅仅”可表示为“nothing...other than”，nothing做主语，与动词need之间为“动宾关系”，应用被动语态。描述发生在过去的动作，应用一般过去时，故填so that nothing was needed。
9．which were planted
【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意可知，空处应填“被种植”，使用非限制性定语从句修饰先行词These apple trees，根据时间状语three years ago可知，从句应用一般过去时，先行词These apple trees指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导从句，“种植”plant，与主语之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且从句主语指代先行词These apple trees，为复数形式，be动词应用were。故填which were planted。
10．weigh up the pros and cons
【详解】考查名词短语。对比中英文句子，空处涉及固定短语pros and cons“利弊”，作宾语。故填weigh up the pros and cons。
II. 阅读理解
11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Candiani公司的现任老板Alberto Candiani用从天然橡胶中提取的植物纤维制成了第一条完全生物降解的牛仔裤。介绍了这种牛仔布料环保的特点。
11．细节理解题。根据第一段“The story of the most sustainable pair of jeans is also the story of a family whose members have dedicated their lives to denim innovation. It is the great-great-grandson of the family business founder who has brought Candiani and whole fashion industry to new heights by creating the first fully biodegradable stretch denim.(最可持续的牛仔裤的故事，也是一个家庭的故事，其成员将他们的生命奉献给了牛仔布的创新。正是这位家族企业创始人的曾曾孙创造了首款完全生物降解的弹性牛仔布，将Candiani和整个时尚行业推向了新的高度)”可知，第1段强调了Candiani进入了一个新的阶段，创造更环保的面料。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段中““These garments are extremely durable, but at the end of their life, you could send them back to us and we recycle them, or you could fertilize your vegetables with them,” Alberto Candiani said.( Alberto Candiani说：“这些衣服非常耐用，但在寿命结束时，你可以把它们寄回给我们，我们会回收它们，或者你可以用它们来给你的蔬菜施肥。”)”可知，创新牛仔布可以重复使用来滋养植物。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Jeans generate an environmental impact that has become a real global challenge. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, it takes around 2000 gallons of water to make a typical pair of jeans. And during production, around 71 pounds of carbon dioxide are released. What’s more, most jeans are manufactured with stretch denim made with plastic, which can take hundreds of years to degrade.(牛仔裤对环境的影响已经成为一个真正的全球挑战。根据联合国环境规划署的数据，制作一条典型的牛仔裤大约需要2000加仑的水。在生产过程中，大约会释放71磅二氧化碳。更重要的是，大多数牛仔裤都是用塑料制造的弹性牛仔布，这种材料需要数百年才能降解)”可推知，第三段的作用是通过对比强调新牛仔布的价值。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But by creating a circular model in which fabrics are biodegradable at the end of their lifecycle, tons of garments can be prevented from ending up in landfills. Candiani has not only achieved this by going plastic-free, but the manufacturer has also reduced water use by 75 percent and the use of chemicals by 65 percent.(但是，通过创造一个循环模型，在面料的生命周期结束时进行生物降解，可以防止大量服装被扔进垃圾填埋场。Candiani公司不仅实现了不使用塑料，而且还减少了75%的用水量和65%的化学品使用量)”可推知，“一石二鸟”最能描述Candiani的创新。故选B。
15．A 16．A 17．C 18．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的即将面市的便携式海水脱盐设备，它操作方便，体积虽小但功能强大，普通人也能使用，可以为我们缺水的世界带来安全可用淡水。
15．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The new desalination (脱盐) device produces water actually above the World Health Organization standards, just by pushing a button.(这种新的海水脱盐装置只需要按下一个按钮，就能产生高于世界卫生组织标准的水)”可知，这个新的脱盐设备的优势是操作非常方便。故选A项。
16．推理判断题。根据第三段“Most commercially available portable desalination units use filters that require high-pressure pumps to push the water, which makes them huge in size and less energy efficient. The filterless MIT device will allow it to be used in remote or resource-limited places like small islands, ships, and even for emergency use.(大多数商业上可用的便携式海水脱盐装置使用的过滤器需要高压泵来推动水，这使得它们体积庞大，能源效率较低。这种无过滤器的MIT设备可以在偏远或资源有限的地方使用，比如小岛、船只，甚至是紧急情况下使用)”可知，第三段主要通过对比新的脱盐设备和其他商业上可用的便携式脱盐设备来说明新设备的优势。由此推知，这段是通过对比来发展的。故选A项。
17．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But best of all, it is designed to be used by average people and not engineers.(但最重要的是，它是为普通人而不是工程师设计的)”可知，作者认为这个新设备最突出的优点是普通人也可以轻松操作。故选C项。
18．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一款新的即将面市的便携式海水脱盐设备，它操作方便，体积虽小但功能强大，普通人也能使用，可以为我们缺水的世界带来安全可用淡水。由此可知，D项“新的便携式设备即将使海水可以饮用”符合文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
III.语法填空
19．cases 20．its 21．dates 22．conservation 23．that/which 24．to protect 25．collected 26．a 27．At/In 28．more efficient
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国西北部陕西省西安市古城墙的数字技术辅助保护被列为2022年中国文化和旅游业数字创新十大案例之一。
19．考查名词复数。句意：近日，中国西北部陕西省西安市古城墙的数字技术辅助保护被列为2022年中国文化和旅游业数字创新十大案例之一。case是可数名词，前面有top-10，应用复数形式。故填cases。
20．考查代词。句意：在数字技术的帮助下，中国城市的古城墙正以更多样化的方式展示其吸引力。此处修饰名词attractiveness，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
21．考查动词时态即主谓一致。句意：这座古城墙的历史可以追溯到1400多年前。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，date back to与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用主动语态，主语是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
22．考查名词。句意：城墙的保护不仅仅是城墙本身，还有它的木制附件和护城河。此处作主语，应用名词conservation，不可数。故填conservation。
23．考查定语从句。句意：全长13.74公里的长城的所有路段都安装了监控城墙和附属建筑安全的装置。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the city wall，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
24．考查非谓语动词。句意：用于保护城墙的数字技术就像永不疲倦的士兵。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to protect。
25．考查非谓语动词。句意：管理委员会根据设备收集的数据，建立了一个预警系统，为城墙的沉降和开裂设定了四个预警临界点。collect与data是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填collected。
26．考查冠词。句意：管理委员会根据设备收集的数据，建立了一个预警系统，为城墙的沉降和开裂设定了四个预警临界点。此处泛指“一个预警系统”，应用不定冠词，warning以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
27．考查介词。句意：在西安城墙管理委员会的信息中心，有一个大屏幕显示实时客流量、温度和其他数据。此处表示“在西安城墙管理委员会的信息中心”，应用介词at或in，位于句首，首字母大写。故填At或In。
28．考查比较级。句意：景区的智能化改造给游客带来了更新的体验，也让管理更加高效。根据前文newer experiences to tourists可知，此处表示“也让管理更加高效”，应用形容词比较级more efficient。故填more efficient。