人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists练习

SectionⅡ　LearningAboutLanguage

课后·训练提升

一、单句语法填空

1.The trouble is 　　　　　　we are short of money. 

答案:that

2.See the flags on the top of the building?That was 　　　　　we did this morning. 

答案:what

3.A ship in harbour is safe,but that’s not 　　　　　ships are built for. 

答案:what

4.What makes this shop different is 　　　　　　it offers more personal service. 

答案:that

5.One advantage of playing the guitar is 　　　　　　it can give you a great deal of pleasure. 

答案:that

二、完成句子

1.他不再是以前的那个样子了。

He is 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案:no longer what he was

2.令我印象最深的是这么小的一个男孩能把小提琴拉得如此好。

What impressed me most was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案:that such a little boy could play the violin so well

3.那就是她看起来如此沮丧的原因。

That’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案:why she looks so upset

4.汤姆旷课了。那是因为他病了。

Tom was absent from class.That was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案:because he was ill

5.我们不相信他的原因是他经常说谎。

The reason why we don’t trust him is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

答案:that he often lies

三、七选五阅读理解

HowtoSucceedinScience

To succeed in science,you need a lot more than luck.In my view,you have to combine intelligence with a willingness not to follow conventions when they block your forward path.Thus,these have come to be my rules for success.

　1　 

That might sound proud,but the fact is that you must always turn to people who are brighter than you.It’s like playing any game.Even as a child,I never wanted to play games with anyone who was as bad as I was.If you win,it gives you no pleasure.And in the game of science or life,the highest goal isn’t simply to win.It’s to win at something really difficult.　2　 

Take risks.

To make a huge success,a scientist has to be prepared to get into deep trouble.If you are going to make a huge jump in science,you will very likely be unqualified to succeed by definition.　3　 This can be more than personally upsetting. 

Never do anything that bores you.

My experience in science is that someone is always telling you to do things,and then leaves you alone.I’m not good enough to do well in something I dislike.　4　 

It’s very hard to succeed if you don’t want to be with other scientists,because you have to go to key meetings where you spot key facts that would have escaped you.And you have to chat with your competitors,even if you find them objectionable.

So my final rule is:　5　 

A.Meet challenges with great courage.

B.If you can’t stand being with your real peers,get out of science.

C.Put another way,it’s to go somewhere beyond your ability and come out on top.

D.Be sure you always have someone to save you from a deep mess.

E.Avoid foolish people.

F.In fact,I find it hard to do well in something I like.

G.Besides,you even have to be prepared to disbelieve your scientific heroes.

答案:1~5 ECGFB

四、完形填空

Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist?A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full use of the facts he observes.He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 　1　 on obvious facts,and therefore 　2　 to accept authority as the only reason for truth.He always checks ideas 　3　 and makes experiments to prove them. 

The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to date as far back as the time of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,who lived between the years 1214 and 1292.He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 　4　 that we should learn science 　5　 observing and experimenting on the things around us,and he himself 　6　 many important truths. 

Galileo(1564-1642),however,who lived more than 300 years later,was the greatest of several great men in Italy,France,Germany,and England,who began to show how many important 　7　 could be discovered by observation by degrees.Before Galileo,learned men believed that large bodies fell more 　8　 towards the earth than small ones,because Aristotle said so.But Galileo,going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa,let two 　9　 stones fall and proved Aristotle was wrong.It is Galileo’s 　10　 of going direct to nature,and proving our 　11　 and theories by experiment,that has 　12　 all the discoveries of modern science. 

What 　13　 those people good scientists?From the example of Galileo,we know 　14　 that successful scientists are those whose observations have 　15　 better results. 

1.A.relied　　 B.based

C.insisted D.centered

答案:B

解析:根据该空前的“Hedoesn’tacceptideas”和后面的“onobviousfacts”可知,此处是bebasedon这个固定词组,表示“以……为基础,基于……”。

2.A.refuses B.desires

C.intends D.regrets

答案:A

解析:由空前的“doesn’taccept”和“andtherefore”可知,此处应选refuses。

3.A.casually B.carefully

C.quickly D.privately

答案:B

解析:结合语境“Healwayschecksideas”和后面的“andmakesexperimentstoprovethem”可知,此处表示仔细地核查想法。

4.A.command B.suspect

C.suggest D.conclude

答案:C

解析:根据空后的内容可知,RogerBacon提出建议,故选C项。

5.A.in B.with

C.on D.by

答案:D

解析:根据后面的“observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus”可知,此处表示通过观察我们周围的事物并做实验,因此选D项。

6.A.brought B.discovered

C.handled D.announced

答案:B

解析:结合空后的“manyimportanttruths”可知,他本人发现了很多重要的真理。

7.A.truths B.problems

C.investigations D.subjects

答案:A

解析:由空后的“couldbediscoveredbyobservation” 可知,很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。truth“事实,真理”。上文中的manyimportanttruths也是提示。

8.A.slowly B.rapidly

C.lightly D.heavily

答案:B

解析:结合空前的“BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmore”和后面的“towardstheearththansmallones”可知,在伽利略之前,学者们认为重的物体比轻的物体落地快,因此选rapidly“迅速地”。

9.A.big B.small

C.similar D.unequal

答案:D

解析:根据前文和后面的“provedAristotlewaswrong”可知,此处表示使用了两个不同重量的石头,因此选unequal“不相等的”。

10.A.spirit B.skill

C.theory D.wish

答案:A

解析:由后面的“ofgoingdirecttonature”可知,此处表示精神(spirit)。

11.A.plans B.opinions

C.world D.ability

答案:B

解析:与后面的“andtheoriesbyexperiment”中的“theories”呼应,此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。

12.A.led to B.turned to

C.set up D.put forward

答案:A

解析:这里是说正是伽利略的精神引领现代科学的发现。结合语境,应选A项。

13.A.makes B.prevents

C.considers D.promises

答案:A

解析:结合下文中的“successfulscientistsarethose...”可知,此处是说“什么使那些人成为好的科学家”。

14.A.likely B.clearly

C.naturally D.unwillingly

答案:B

解析:结合上文中所举的例子我们可以清楚地(clearly)知道,成功的科学家是那些他们的观察可以创造(produce)更好结果的人。

15.A.foreseen B.rejected

C.produced D.challenged

答案:C

解析:参见上题解析。