人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists课时作业

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists课时作业，共5页。试卷主要包含了单词拼写，完成句子，阅读理解等内容，欢迎下载使用。
UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSSectionⅠ　ReadingandThinking课后·训练提升一、单词拼写1.Most people are f　　　　　　　 in themselves. 答案:frustrated2.If two statements are c　　　　　　　,that is to say,they are different and can’t both be true. 答案:contradictory3.The h　　　　　　　 was still asleep at six in the morning. 答案:household4.A man who has m　　　　　　　　　 interests usually has lots of friends. 答案:multiple5.A clerk must know how to h　　　　　　 difficult customers. 答案:handle6.The number of traffic accidents now has d　　　　　　. 答案:decreased7.The police suspect there may be a l　　　　 between the two cases. 答案:link8.We’re faced with a s　　　　 situation where we have to give up what we’re eager for most. 答案:severe二、完成句子1.我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。We haven’t decided 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　for our summer holiday. 答案:where to go2.他似乎对他的老师说了谎。　　　　　　　　 　　　　　he told a lie to his teacher. 答案:It seemed that3.放学后我要去修自行车。(have)I’ll 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 after school. 答案:have my bike repaired4.通常,公共汽车上太拥挤,我找不到坐的地方。Usually,it’s 　　　　　crowded on the bus 　　　　　I can’t find anywhere to sit. 答案:so; that5.多亏了这场大雨,否则庄稼就会死了。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,otherwise,the crops will die. 答案:Thanks to the heavy rain三、阅读理解AGovernors,lawyers and business leaders have to deal with scientists,and every educated person finds his views affected by science.Yet our science teaching of non-scientists,in school and college,has built up mistaken ideas,dislikes,and the common boast,“I never did understand science.” Even those students who arrive at college with plans to become scientists usually bring a mistaken picture of science:some have a collection of unorganised facts about science,and some regard the study of science as a game which includes getting the right answer.The first of these attitudes seems to come from a kind of course which provides various kinds of information.The second,from a training course on how to pass examinations that do not ask about the student’s understanding but simply require him to put the numbers in the right formulas(公式).Neither type of courses (in school or college) seems to give students an understanding of science as we find it among scientists.Neither shows students how real scientists work and think,how the facts are gathered,how discoveries are made,and what they mean.Young people need good teaching of science,not so much a great wealth of knowledge as a healthy understanding of the nature of science.They need an understanding of knowledge leading to sympathy with science and an eagerness of the way scientists work.Given these,it is easy to encourage later reading and learning.1.One of the reasons that can cause mistaken ideas of science is due to 　　　. A.a mistaken picture in students’ mindB.the unscientific way of teaching scienceC.the fact that students fail to see the influence of scienceD.the fact that students have a collection of unrelated facts about science答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据第一段可知造成错误的科学观念的原因之一是不科学的科学教学方法。故选B项。2.According to the passage,we can safely say that the subject of the passage is 　　　. A.need for good science teachingB.every person,including governors,lawyers and business leaders should study scienceC.young people should form a correct attitude to scienceD.students must know what science is and how scientists work and think答案:A解析:主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句和第二段最后三句可知这篇文章的主题是需要好的科学教学。故选A项。3.A good course of science is 　　　. A.to teach students to do things according to formulasB.to provide students with all kinds of informationC.to help students have a good understanding and form a correct attitude to scienceD.to encourage students to have a good command of knowledge答案:C解析:推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知良好的科学教学应该是帮助学生对科学有良好的认识和形成正确的态度。故选C项。4.People such as governors,lawyers and business leaders deal with scientists mainly because 　　　. A.they can be affected by scientistsB.scientists make discoveries and apply them to help people live a more comfortable,stable and safe lifeC.they owe much to scientists’ contributionsD.scientists are great persons答案:A解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Governors,lawyersandbusinessleadershavetodealwithscientists,andeveryeducatedpersonfindshisviewsaffectedbyscience.”可知选A项。BHow does an ecosystem(生态系统) work?What makes the populations of different species the way they are?Why are there so many flies and so few wolves?To find an answer,scientists have built mathematical models of food webs,noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models,scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.Most food webs,for instance,consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物),the two species are strongly linked;when a predator lives on various species,they are weakly linked.Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.If a predator can eat several species,it can survive the extinction(灭绝) of one of them.And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare,the switch allows the original prey to recover.The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable,where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems.In the 1960s,scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species—including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true.In the ocean,we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale,while on land,we killed off large predators such as wolves.These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models.Ideally,the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem towards a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.Prevention is key,scientists say,because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(临界点),it is remarkably difficult for them to return.5.What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?A.The living habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“scientistshavefoundout...infoodwebs.”得知科学家们发现了食物网运行的关键法则,即B项。6.A strong link is found between two species when a predator 　　　. A.has a wide food choiceB.can easily find new preyC.sticks to one prey speciesD.can quickly move to another place答案:C解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whenapredator...arestronglylinked...”得出结论只吃一种猎物是“stronglink”。故选C项。7.What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?A.The prey species they directly attack will die out.B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D.The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.答案:D解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Mathematicalmodels...entireecosystems.”可知“食物链顶端掠食动物的变化可能会给整个生态系统带来大的影响”。故选D项。8.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in paragraph 4?A.Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.D.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.答案:A解析:推理判断题。根据文章第四段的例子以及本段的最后一句话可知“人类的这些行为极大地影响了生态的平衡”。故选A项。