2022-2023学年河南省焦作市博爱重点中学高考英语三模试卷含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年河南省焦作市博爱重点中学高考英语三模试卷含解析，共25页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023年河南省焦作市重点中学高考英语三模试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
The Best High School Study Abroad Programs For 2023
Are you interested in studying abroad while in high school but have no idea where to start？Here is our guide to choosing the right high school abroad program for you.
Best Program For Seniors：Travel For Teens
Location：Multiple Countries
Achieving independence is a key part of growing up，but it doesn't happen overnight.Teenagers need time to explore their options and figure out what they want from life.This program is designed to help students make the most of their summer vacation，whether they're looking for a multicultural experience or want to add some adventures to their trip.
Best Program For Language
Learning：CIEE Location：Spain
CIEE allows students to learn Spanish culture and language through educational activities.Students will learn about the history，architecture，and art of Spain through visits to museums and cultural sites.Moreover，the certificate of learning you receive can be used in college applications.
Best Program For Southeast Asia：Travel For Teens In Thailand
Location：Thailand
Thailand has something for everyone.If you want to explore the local cultures，you can visit the floating markets or take an elephant ride through the jungle.If relaxation is more your scene，then there are plenty of beaches just waiting for you to spend a day there!
Best Program For Conservation：Global Works
Location：Costa Rica
Have you ever dreamed of traveling through the canals of Costa Rica，spotting various wild animals along the way？Does hiking to waterfalls and active volcanoes，all while helping support conservation efforts sound like your dream study abroad experience？If so，Global Works has created an experience that will blow you away.
1. Which program suits those intending to appreciate diverse cultures？ ______
A. CIEE. B. Global Works.
C. Travel For Teens. D. Travel For Teens In Thailand.
2. What is an advantage of participating in CIEE？ ______
A. It allows you to see large parts of Spain.
B. It motivates you to socialize with local people.
C. It connects you with students from all over the world.
D. It may enable you to stand out in applying to a college.
3. What special experience can you expect in Global Works？ ______
A. Catching sight of volcano eruption.
B. Paying visits to some famous temples.
C. Riding an elephant through the jungle.
D. Exploring the issue of ecosystem restoration.
B
    On a hot summer afternoon along the Mandavi River, Shweta Hule wraps her sari around her ankles and bends to pick wild "weeds" from the river and drop them into a bowl. The plants will be made into fritters (炸果饼), to be served at the little restaurant attached to the B&B Hule manages in the Indian coastal town of Vengurla.
    Wild edible(可食用的) plants are common in kitchens here. Hule's weed is juicy, which is found in mangrove forests. Harvesting some of the plant is helping conserve the mangroves, a globally endangered ecosystem of salt-tolerant trees that stop coastal erosion (侵蚀)and absorb storm damage.
    Hule is head of Swamini, a self-help group set up by nine women from a fishing community in Vengurla who started Mandavi Eco Tourism in 2017. Vengurla is known for its beautiful beaches and seafood, but the climate crisis has made fishing for a living unsustainable, so people are trying to find other sources of income. They came up with the idea of running mangrove safaris (观光游) for tourists in Vengurla's Mandavi River.
    The safaris offer visitors a unique hour-long tour of the mangroves. Food has also become a key attraction: local spicy coconut curries, with homegrown or wild vegetables. Tourists are encouraged to go crabbing, and their catch is cooked and served.
    Hule only discovered recently that the weed was edible when she met tourists from another coastal city. She researched these leaves and learned that the salty plant is rich in vitamins. She made her own version of the fritters, with chickpea flour, and presented it at the wild vegetable festival. "It was an instant hit. This boosted the confidence to include these fritters in our restaurant menu," says Hule.
​​​​​​​    Swamini's lodging house also serves vegetarian meals and plates of fish and crab sourced from the river. "The satisfaction after the visitors enjoy our meal is the real currency. We had guests from London who were so happy with our food that they took down the recipe. Such people help our business grow. What more can we want?" says Hule.
4. Which of the following can best describe the example of Shweta Hule?
A. Do as the Romans do. B. Strike while the iron is hot.
C. Kill two birds with one stone. D. Bite off more than you can chew.
5. What does Swamini offer to visitors?
A. Eco-tours and accommodation. B. Fishing guide service.
C. Vegetable growing techniques. D. Hands-on cooking classes.
6. Why were Hule's fritters well-received?
A. They were less expensive. B. They were traditional.
C. They had their own features. D. They got strongly promoted.
7. How did Hule feel about tourists' obtaining her food recipe?
A. Lost. B. Proud. C. Worried. D. Curious.
C
A new study has found that a childˈs reading speed can be improved by simply increasing the space between letters within a piece of text. The research, led by Dr Steven Stagg of Anglia Ruskin University(ARU),examined the benefits of letter spacing and coloured overlays（颜色标注）among children.
Two groups of children，dyslexic（有阅读障碍的）and non-dyslexic children，were asked to read four texts with either standard  or extra-large letter spacing, both with and without a coloured overlay. They were instructed to read the text out loud while being recorded. The recording was used to measure the number of errors they made —specifically missed words, added words, wrong words, and pronunciation—as well as the participantsˈ reading time.
The study discovered that text with increased space between letters provided a benefit for both groups. On average, the dyslexia group showed a 13% increase in reading speed, while the group of non-dyslexic children showed a 5% increase. In addition to improving reading speed, it also resulted in a significant decline in the number of words missed by the children with dyslexia. However, the study found that coloured overlays had no significant impact on reading speed or the reduction of errors for either group.
Dr Stagg，Senior Lecturer in Psychology at ARU，said：“We believe extra-large letter spacing works by reducing what is known as the ˈcrowding effectˈ, which can hamper the recognition of letters and reduce reading speed.”
“Our findings strongly suggest that teachers can be confident that all children would be helped by increased letter spacing in reading materials.”Dr Stagg added. “While we found that coloured overlays provided little benefit, we suggest children should be encouraged to use overlays if they find these help their reading. Coloured overlays may not increase reading speeds，but they may extend reading stamina（持久力）. Previous research suggests their benefits may not become apparent if reading time is less than 10 minutes and the short reading duration of the tests in our study may have put coloured overlays at a disadvantage.”

8. Which of the following best describes the research process in paragraph 2？
A. Illustrate, group and report. B. Read, instruct and measure.
C. Question, assume and prove. D. Categorize, record and count.
9. What can we learn about increased letter spacing from paragraph 3？
A. It reduces reading errors.
B. It sharpens reading skills.
C. It arouses reading interest
D. It enhances reading comprehension.
10. What does the underlined word“hamper”in paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Obtain. B. Prevent. C. Change. D. Involve.
11. What can be inferred about coloured overlays from paragraph 5?
A. They might not have been evaluated fairly.
B. They might not be recommended by experts.
C. They might work better in short reading.
D. They might have some disadvantages
D
    The numbers are shocking: women make up less than 25% of the STEM (science-technology-engineering-mathematics) workforce in the USA. Even if recent years have seen an increase, the numbers are still not representative of wider population.
    Why does this under-representation of women matter? Research shows diverse teams perform better. Individuals from different genders, races, backgrounds and experiences bring different perspectives that can lead to creative solutions. Given the changes being brought on by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4 IR), we can't afford not to have all hands involved.
    STEM fields are key to obtain the rewards of 4 IR, but STEM fields are also key to dealing with the revolution's potential downsides, such as climate change, Internet-related war and the reorientation(再定位) of job sectors. So it is essential that women obtain the benefits and get involved in finding solutions.
    However, why do women and girls participate in STEM fields at lower rates? Studies show that it is not an ability issue. Marian Wright, a children's rights activist, stated clearly, "You can't be what you can't see." When asked to draw a scientist, most students draw a white man in a lab coat. The great majority of portrayals of scientists and engineers in movies and television shows have been men.
    But as awareness of the problem has grown, portrayals of women scientists and engineers in the media have begun to change. The success of movies like Hidden Figures, which tells the story of several African American women, working in engineering and mathematics, helped put the first humans into space, enables girls to not only see what women have already contributed, but to see themselves in that role.
    4 IR is changing the way we receive information, how we process it, how we work and what jobs we will do. It is happening at an unprecedented(前所未有的) pace. Because of this, we simply cannot afford to have any less than our whole population engaged and contributing. The historical focus of STEM courses at university and communities on weeding out students drove away women; now we need to focus on how to include everyone.
12. What do we know from the passage?
A. Women in STEM are good at finding solutions.
B. Women are not as creative as men in STEM.
C. Not enough women are working in STEM.
D. Women have much lower status in STEM.
13. What does the underlined word "problem" refer to?
A. There aren't enough positive female role models.
B. Students usually more worship men scientists.
C. Female scientists are more exposed to the media.
D. The movies about women face a lot of challenges.
14. What will probably be talked about following the last paragraph?
A. Women's role in related careers in STEM fields.
B. Practice of involving women in STEM courses.
C. The categories of STEM courses in university.
D. The history and development of STEM courses.
15. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. The Status of Women Scientists Is Rising
B. Women's Scientific Spirit Is Strengthened
C. Women Scientists Are Becoming Idols
D. The Times Call for Women Scientists

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
    Let's be real, regulating stress is no easy feat. Stress can appear in many ways on the body if not regulated properly. It can have very obvious appearances such as weight gain and blemishes(斑点).   (16)   Whatever the root causes, managing your stress through simple mindfulness practices can help you keep your mental health in check regularly.
      (17)   PMR (Progressive Muscle Relaxation) has a ton of benefits like improving sleep quality, and helping improve concentration. Start by putting on loose clothes and find a quiet and comfortable place to lie down. Begin tensing and relaxing your feet, working your way up through your body, focusing on the sensation of the muscle and breathing slowly.
    The practice Yoga has amazing mental and spiritual benefits too. Yoga by definition means a union. And when you unify the mind and body, you are mindful.   (18)   Walking, hiking, and forest bathing are great ways to clear the mind. Wherever you are, getting fresh air is a critical coping mechanism for regulating our mental health.   (19)   If you often find yourself stressed during a busy work day, try taking a walk to help take your mind off your tasks for 15 to 30 minutes. Trust me, your body will thank you.
    Aside from having an outlet to release overpowering thoughts, journaling can help track your mental health progress in an effective way. Through paper and pen, you can trace where your anxiety and negative thoughts stem from.   (20)   It gives you an open invitation to sit with them, and offers grace and comfort as you intentionally work through them.
A.This in turn, relieves tension.
B.So it can be severe unknowingly.
C.Ahead, let's break down some expert-approved exercises.
D.When one is stressed, the body's first response is to tighten up the muscles.
E.Furthermore, nature can generate positive feelings in the mind, body, and soul.
F.Most importantly, you can ask yourself if these negative thoughts are even yours.
G.And it can equally affect you internally with signs such as headaches and difficulty breathing.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
Beep!Beep!Beep!I rolled over and turned off my alarm clock.It was still dark outside so I felt my way to the wall switch and （1） ______ the light.I got up quickly because I knew my dog would be （2） ______ to get outside for the morning walk.I reached over to grab a （3） ______ and stopped.It was （4） ______ still autumn but the （5） ______ here in the Appalachian mountains of my home didn't follow the calendar.It had been （6） ______ and snowy two days ago but warm and rainy yesterday.I had forgotten to check the weather report for today，however，so I wasn't sure if I （7） ______ my light jacket or my heavy coat.
I （8） ______ my light jacket，pulled it on and leashed up my dog.I opened the door and stepped outside.Just for a moment I realized I had made the （9） ______ choice.Each breath I exhaled was a frozen mist.The wind chill was bitter cold.The grass was covered in （10） ______ and I tried to keep my （11） ______ while my dog dragged me along behind him.
I shivered （打寒颤） and complained a bit but finally turned my （12） ______ up to the heavens.I looked up at the pre-dawn （13） ______ and saw it was full of twinkling stars.It was so beautiful and so peaceful. （14） ______ ，I felt a warmth inside of me and （15） ______ shivering.While my dog sniffed the ground，I opened my heart to the （16） ______ of nature's creation.In all of its different seasons it had never （17） ______ to touch my soul.It had heated my heart on the coldest days and （18） ______ my spirit on the darkest nights.
Our lives here are full of various （19） ______ as well.From the innocence and youth of Spring to the wisdom and wrinkles of Winter，we are all called to live，to give，to grow and to love. （20） ______ all your seasons.Make each day a creation of your love.
21.  A. opened up B. switched off C. turned on D. came to
22.  A. curious B. afraid C. able D. eager
23.  A. dog B. coat C. rope D. flashlight
24.  A. nearly B. technically C. usually D. probably
25.  A. weather B. condition C. environment D. atmosphere
26.  A. windy B. mild C. cold D. cool
27.  A. removed B. packed C. washed D. needed
28.  A. tried on B. decided on C. insisted on D. focused on
29.  A. difficult B. complex C. confusing D. unwise
30.  A. frost B. mud C. dust D. water
31.  A. patience B. distance C. balance D. strength
32.  A. hand B. head C. soul D. heart
33.  A. sky B. mountain C. moon D. cloud
34.  A. Actually B. Generally C. Suddenly D. Effortlessly
35.  A. avoided B. regretted C. appreciated D. stopped
36.  A. challenge B. signal C. reality D. wonder
37.  A. failed B. refused C. intended D. offered
38.  A. freed B. lighted C. renewed D. spotted
39.  A. seasons B. memories C. discoveries D. dreams
40.  A. Admit B. Accept C. Enjoy D. Remember
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
41. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I have always been a language enthusiast，especially of the languages more distant from my mother tongue （Spanish）.I learned that only a year before，（ 1） ______ new degree called Modern Languages and their Literatures，which included Chinese among three other languages，（ 2） ______ （ establish） at the University of Granada.I chose to study Chinese though I didn't know a word of it.
The four years were a journey of hope and （3） ______ （disappoint） in equal parts.I wanted to quit several times in the third year，（ 4） ______ （ see） that after two years of hard study it was impossible for me to keep a simple conversation in Chinese.
Thinking of all the （5） ______ （ invest） time，I determined to finish my degree.After that，I would look for an opportunity to go to China for further study.During my study period，the one that （6） ______ （ real） helped me to start speaking Chinese was the Chinese Bridge，a contest （7） ______ which I participated with zero talent and great enthusiasm.The preparation for the contest benefited me a lot and （8） ______ （ strength） my desire to improve.Thus，I graduated with honors and applied for a one-year scholarship to study Chinese in China.So in August of 2015 I arrived to Nanjing University，（ 9） ______ I lived and studied for nine months.A year later，I headed to Yunnan Normal University （10） ______ （ pursue） another Master's Degree in teaching Chinese to foreigners.
When I look back to my past study life，I know it was many unknown paths that took me to the right places.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
42. 假定你是李华，你校英文报正面向全体学生征稿，稿件主题为"Preserving （保护） Cultural Heritage"。请你写一篇稿件投稿，内容包括：
（1）保护文化遗产的意义；
（2）简单介绍当地的一处文化遗产。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
43. There's a park close to my house，with a small lake in one corner that's home to many creatures.Every Sunday morning，I go jogging in this park.As I circle the lake，I notice an elderly woman sitting by the water with a metal cage beside her.
Today，my curiosity made me stop and approach her.
As I took a closer look，I saw that the cage was actually a small metal trap，and there were a few turtles walking around the trap，unharmed.The lady took one of the turtles in her hands and gently rubbed the shell （壳） with a sponge （海绵） brush.
I came over to say hello to her politely. "Good morning，" I said. "I come here for jogging every Sunday morning and I see you sitting here by the lake.Please don't mind my curiosity and innocence，but I really want to know what you're doing to the turtles."
The lady smiled and said， "I am cleaning the turtle's shell.Turtles gradually get more and more algae （水藻） and other dirt on their shells，which weighs them down and prevents their swimming abilities.It also reduces their ability to absorb heat.Over time，their shells become weak and rot （腐烂） away."
"Oh wow!That's really thoughtful of you!" I shouted in shock.
She continued， "Every Sunday morning，I spend a couple of hours by the lake to relax and help out these little guys stay clean.Strange as it sounds，this is my little way to make a difference in the world."
I thought for a while and said， "But all freshwater turtles have algae and other dirt on their shells.They live with that their whole lives，don't they？"
"Yes，sadly，they can't help it，" she replied.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
However，I wasn't completely sure whether it was worthwhile.
______
"Can I help you clean the turtles？" I asked the lady.
______
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段This program is designed to help students make the most of their summer vacation，whether they're looking for a multicultural experience or want to add some adventures to their trip.（这个项目旨在帮助学生充分利用他们的暑假，无论他们是在寻找多元文化的体验，还是想在他们的旅行中增加一些冒险）可知，Travel For Teens项目适合打算欣赏多种文化的学生。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Moreover，the certificate of learning you receive can be used in college applications.（此外，你获得的学习证书可以用于大学申请）可知，CIEE项目的一个优势就是它的学习证书有益于你申请大学。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Does hiking to waterfalls and active volcanoes，all while helping support conservation efforts sound like your dream study abroad experience？（徒步去瀑布和活火山，同时帮助支持保护工作，听起来是不是你梦想中的留学经历？）可知，若参加Global Works项目，你便有机会看到火山喷发。故选A。
本文是应用文，介绍了几个适合青少年的国外学习的项目。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】C、A、C、B
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Shweta Hule和几位妇女创办Swamini为游客提供生态旅游和有当地特色的食宿的故事。他们的举动不仅帮助当地人增加了收入，还在一定程度上保护了红树林。

1. 
根据第一段中的bends to pick wild "weeds" from the river and drop them into a bowl. ... in the Indian coastal town of Vengurla.（弯腰从河里拣起野生的“杂草”，扔进一个碗里。这些植物将被制成炸果饼，供应给在胡勒在印度沿海城镇文古拉经营的民旅馆附属小餐馆。）和第二段内容（野生可食用植物在这里的厨房里很常见。Hule的杂草多汁，这种草生长在红树林中。收割一些这种植物有助于保护红树林，这是一种全球濒危的耐盐树木生态系统，可以阻止海岸侵蚀并吸收风暴破坏。）可知，这些杂草可以被制成食物，而且除掉它们有助于保护红树林，由此推知，Shweta Hule的例子可以说是一举两得。故选C。
2. 
根据第三段中的Hule is head of Swamini, a self-help group set up by nine women from a fishing community in Vengurla who started Mandavi Eco Tourism in 2017.（Hule是Swamini的负责人，这是一个自助组织，由文古拉一个渔业社区的九名妇女成立，她们于2017年创办了Mandavi生态旅游。）和第四段中的The safaris offer visitors...ourists are encouraged to go crabbing, and their catch is cooked and served.（野生动物园为游客提供了一个独特的长达一小时的红树林之旅。食物也成为了一个关键的吸引力：当地的辛辣椰子咖喱，配以本土或野生蔬菜。游客们被鼓励去捕螃蟹，他们捕获的东西被煮熟后端上桌。）可知， Swamini给游客提供生态旅游和食宿。故选A。
3. 
根据倒数第二段中的Hule only discovered recently...and presented it at the wild vegetable festival.（Hule最近才发现这种杂草是可以食用的，当时她遇到了来自另一个沿海城市的游客。她研究了这些叶子，了解到这种咸味植物富含维生素。她用鹰嘴豆粉做了自己版本的炸果饼，并在野菜节上展出。）可知，Hule的炸果饼受欢迎是因为它们有当地的特色。故选C。
4. 
根据最后一段中的"The satisfaction after the visitors enjoy our meal is the real currency. ... What more can we want?" says Hule.（Hule说：“游客们享用我们的饭菜后的满足感才是真正的货币。我们有来自伦敦的客人，他们对我们的食物非常满意，所以他们把食谱记了下来。这些人帮助我们的业务发展。我们还想要什么？”）推知，Hule对游客想得到他们的食谱感到非常自豪。故选B。


8~11.【答案】D、A、B、A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项新的研究发现，只要增加一篇文章中字母之间的间隔，就可以提高孩子的阅读速度。
1. 根据第二段的Two groups of children，dyslexic and non-dyslexic children，were asked to read four texts with either standard or extra-large letter spacing，both with and without a coloured overlay.They were instructed to read the text out loud while being recorded.The recording was used to measure the number of errors they made - specifically missed words，added words，wrong words，and pronunciation - as well as the participants' reading time.The study discovered that text with increased space between letters provided a benefit for both groups.On average，the dyslexia group showed a 13% increase in reading speed，while the group of non-dyslexic children showed a 5% increase.（两组儿童，诵读困难儿童和非诵读困难儿童，被要求阅读四篇有标准或超大字母间距的文本，有或没有彩色覆盖。他们被要求在录音的同时大声朗读课文。这段录音被用来测量他们所犯错误的数量——特别是漏读的单词、加的单词、错误的单词和发音——以及参与者的阅读时间。研究发现，增大字母间距的文本对两组人都有好处。平均而言，阅读障碍组的阅读速度提高了13%，而非阅读障碍组的阅读速度提高了5%。）可知，第二段中的研究过程包括分类，记录和计数。故选D。

2. 根据第三段In addition to improving reading speed，it also resulted in a significant decline in the number of words missed by the children with dyslexia.（除了提高阅读速度外，它还显著减少了患有阅读障碍的儿童遗漏的单词数量。）可知，增加的字母间距减少了阅读错误。故选A。

3. 根据划线词所在的句子 Dr Stagg，Senior Lecturer in Psychology at ARU，said："We believe extra-large letter spacing works by reducing what is known as the 'crowding effect'，which can hamper the recognition of letters and reduce reading speed."（阿鲁大学心理学高级讲师斯塔格博士说："我们认为超大的字母间隔可以通过减少所谓的'拥挤效应'来发挥作用，这种效应会阻碍字母的识别，降低阅读速度。"）可知，划线词所在句表示"我们认为超大的字母间隔可以通过减少所谓的'拥挤效应'来发挥作用，这种效应会阻碍字母的识别，降低阅读速度"，划线词hamper的意思是"阻碍"，和prevent意思相近，A.Obtain.获得；B.Prevent.阻止；C.Change.改变；D.Involve.涉及。故选B。

4. 根据最后一段的Previous research suggests their benefits may not become apparent if reading time is less than 10 minutes and the short reading duration of the tests in our study may have put coloured overlays at a disadvantage.（之前的研究表明，如果阅读时间少于10分钟，它们的好处可能不会显现出来，而我们研究中测试的短阅读时间可能会使彩色覆盖处于不利地位。）可知，彩色覆盖可能没有得到公平的评估。故选A。

12~15.【答案】C、A、B、D
【解析】​​​​​​​【文章大意】本文主要讲述了女性工作者在科学、技术、工程和数学领域中人数不多，但是让女性工作者参与这些领域是很重要的，随着信息技术的快速发展，我们应该要让女性参与理科工程。
1. 
根据第一段中The numbers are shocking: women make up less than 25% of the STEM (science-technology-engineering-mathematics) workforce in the USA.（这些数字令人震惊:在美国，女性在STEM（科学-技术-工程-数学）劳动力中所占比例不到25%。）可知，在科学、技术、工程和数学领域中，女性工作者不够多。故选C。
2. 
根据第四段中When asked to draw a scientist, most students draw a white man in a lab coat.（当被要求画一个科学家时，大多数学生都会画一个穿着实验室大褂的白人。）和The great majority of portrayals... shows have been men.（在电影和电视节目中，科学家和工程师的绝大多数形象都是男性。）和第五段中portrayals of women scientists and engineers in the media have begun to change（媒体对女性科学家和工程师的描述已经开始发生变化）可知，划线词所在句指随着人们对这一问题的认识不断提高，媒体对女性科学家和工程师的描述开始发生变化，即划线词problem指的是“积极的女性榜样还不够”。故选A。
3. 
根据最后一段中The historical focus of STEM courses at university... now we need to focus on how to include everyone.（历史上，大学和社区的STEM课程专注于淘汰学生，这让女性望而却步；现在，我们需要关注的是如何让每个人都参与进来。）可知，文章接下来会描述让女性参与科学、技术、工程和数学这些理科工程的具体做法。故选B。 
4. 
通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了女性工作者在科学，技术，工程和数学领域中人数不多，但是让女性工作者参与这些领域是很重要的，随着信息技术的快速发展，我们应该要让女性参与理科工程。所以D项（时代需要女科学家）适合作文章标题。故选D。


16~20.【答案】G、D、A、E、F
【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述如何通过正念练习来缓解压力。


1. 
根据上文It can have very obvious appearances such as weight gain and blemishes(斑点).（它可以有非常明显的表现，如体重和斑点会增加。）是描述压力导致的后果，G项“它同样会影响你的内部，表现为头痛和呼吸困难”也是描述其后果，故选G。
2. 
根据下文PMR (Progressive Muscle Relaxation) has a ton of benefits like improving sleep quality, and helping improve concentration.（PMR（渐进式肌肉放松）有很多好处，比如提高睡眠质量，帮助提高注意力。）可知，本段是关于肌肉放松法，D项“当一个人感到压力时，身体的第一反应是收紧肌肉”符合语境。故选D。
3. 
根据上文And when you unify the mind and body, you are mindful.（当你身心合一时，你就处于专注状态。）可知，本段是关于练习瑜伽的好处，练习瑜伽使人精神集中，能够缓解思想上的紧张，A项“这反过来又能缓解紧张”符合语境。故选A。
4. 
根据上文Wherever you are, getting fresh air is a critical coping mechanism for regulating our mental health.（无论你在哪里，呼吸新鲜空气都是调节心理健康的重要应对机制。）可知，本段是描述接触大自然对调节心理健康的好处，E项“此外，大自然可以在思想、身体和灵魂上产生积极的感觉”也是描述其好处。故填E。
5. 
根据上文Through paper and pen, you can trace where your anxiety and negative thoughts stem from.（通过纸和笔，你可以追踪你的焦虑和消极思想从何而来。）可知，写日记能够让你找到焦虑和消极思想的源头，分析选项，F项“最重要的是，你可以问问自己，这些消极的想法是否是你的”承接上文，说明找到焦虑的原因后，询问自己这些消极思想是不是自己的，故选F。


21~40.【答案】C、D、B、B、A、C、D、B、D、A、C、B、A、C、D、D、A、B、A、C
【解析】（1）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.opened up打开；B.switched off关闭；C.turned on打开；D.came to想起。句意：外面还很黑，我摸索着走到墙上的开关前，打开了灯。根据上文"It was still dark outside"可知天还黑着，作者开了灯。故选C。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.curious好奇的；B.afraid害怕的；C.able能够的；D.eager渴望的。句意：我快速穿好衣服，我知道我的两条狗都急不可耐地想要出门去晨练了。根据前文"I got dressed quickly"可知，天还黑着我就着急穿衣服，推断出我是因为两条狗着急出门晨练，所以才穿衣服很迅速。故选D。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.dog狗；B.coat外套；C.rope绳子；D.flashlight手电。句意：我伸手去拿外套，然后愣了一下。根据后文"so I wasn't sure if I（7）_______my light jacket or my heavy coat."可知，我不知道要穿轻便夹克还是厚外套，推断出我出门的时候是要伸手去拿外套的。故选B。
（4）考查副词及语境理解。A.nearly差不多；B.technically严格地，技术上；C.usually通常地；D.probably可能。句意：严格来说，当时仍是秋天，但我家阿巴拉契亚山脉的天气却不符合这个季节。根据后文"still autumn"可知，严格来说，当时仍是秋天，但作者所在的地方天气变化无常。故选B。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.weather气候；B.condition状况；C.environment环境；D.atmosphere氛围。句意：严格来说，当时仍是秋天，但我家阿巴拉契亚山脉的天气却不符合这个季节。根据后文"It had been cold and snowy two days ago and chilly and rainy yesterday."可知，在两天前下了雪而昨天却下了雨，说明气候变化无常。故选A。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.windy有风的；B.mild温和的；C.cold寒冷的；D.cool凉爽的。句意：两天前还寒冷下雪，但昨天却暖和多雨。根据后文"and snowy two days"可知，两天前还寒冷下雪。故选C。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.removed移开；B.packed打包；C.washed清洗；D.needed需要。句意：昨天我忘了查今天的天气情况了，我考虑了一下，是需要选择轻便的夹克衫还是厚外套。根据前文"It had been cold and snowy two days ago and chilly and rainy yesterday."可知，不管是下雨还是下雪，天气并不稳定，推断出作者出门需要穿外套。故选D。
（8）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.tried on试穿；B.decided on决定；C.insisted on坚持；D.focused on关注。句意：我决定穿夹克衫，拉好拉链，给我的大狗拴上了绳子。根据前文"so I wasn't sure if I（7）_______my light jacket or my heavy coat"可知，我还在犹豫不知道选轻薄夹克还是厚外套，推断出因为要出门我最终做了决定就是穿轻便夹克。故选B。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.difficult困难的；B.complex复杂的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.unwise愚蠢的。句意：很快我就明白自己做出了愚蠢的选择。根据后文"Each breath I exhaled was a frozen mist.The wind chill was bitter cold."可知，我出门发现我呼出的是薄雾，并且风寒刺，推断出轻便夹克不足以御寒，换句话说，我选择轻便夹克是个愚蠢的选择。故选D。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.frost霜；B.mud泥土；C.dust灰尘；D.water水。句意：草地上结着一层冰霜，我不得不努力保持平衡，然而我的狗在拖着我向前走。根据前文"Each breath I exhaled was a frozen mist.The wind chill was bitter cold."可知，天气寒冷，推断出草地上结了一层霜。故选A项。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.patience耐心；B.distance距离；C.balance平衡；D.strength力量。句意：草地上结着一层冰霜，我不得不努力保持平衡，然而我的狗拖着我向前走。根据后文"while my dog dragged me along behind him"可知，我的狗拖着我往前走说明我想要保持平衡很难。故选C。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.hand手；B.head头；C.soul灵魂；D.heart心。句意：我打了个寒颤，抱怨了几句，但最后还是抬起头来仰望天空。根据后文"up to the heavens"指抬起头来仰望天空。故选B。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.sky天空；B.mountain山；C.moon月亮；D.cloud云。句意：我抬头望着黎明前的天空，看见满天闪烁的星星。根据后文"it was full of twinkling stars"可知，作者抬头看天空。故选A。
（14）考查副词及语境理解。A.Actually实际上；B.Generally逐渐地；C.Suddenly突然；D.Effortlessly轻松地。句意：突然，我感到身体里面升起一股暖意，并且身体不再瑟瑟发抖。根据前文"I shivered （打寒颤）"及后文"I felt a warmth inside of me"可知，我之前是感到寒冷的，后来我发现身体内升起了一股暖流，推断出我这种改变是瞬间发生的，也就是突然发生的。故选C。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.avoided避免；B.regretted后悔；C.appreciated感激；D.stopped停止。句意：突然，我感到身体里面升起一股暖意，并且身体不再瑟瑟发抖。根据前文"I felt a warmth inside of me"可知，我身体出现了温暖，推断出我的身体不再发抖。故选D。
（16）考查名词及语境理解。A.challenge挑战；B.signal信号；C.reality现实；D.wonder奇迹。句意：我的狗嗅着地面上的气味，我敞开心扉为大自然创造的这般奇迹心存感恩。根据前文"I looked up at the pre-dawn（13）_______ and saw it was full of twinkling stars.It was so beautiful and so peaceful."可知，我看见了满天闪烁的星星是如此美丽和平静，推断出我认为这是大自然的奇迹。故选D。
（17）考查动词及语境理解。A.failed辜负；B.refused拒绝；C.intended打算；D.offered提供。句意：所有的季节都各有魅力，但是无论哪一季，都会触动我的心灵深处。根据后文"It had heated my heart on the coldest days and（18）_______ my spirit on the darkest nights."可知，在最严寒的冬天自然的魅力会温暖我的心，在最深的黑夜里它也会鼓舞我的心绪，说明自然的魅力触动我的心灵。故选A。
（18）考查动词及语境理解。A.freed释放；B.lighted照亮；C.renewed恢复；D.spotted发现。句意：在最严寒的冬天自然的魅力会温暖我的心，在最深的黑夜里它也会照亮我的心绪。根据"It had heated my heart on the coldest days and（18）_______my spirit on the darkest nights."可知，自然的魅力在最寒冷的冬天会温暖我的心，推断出它在黑暗的夜晚起到的作用就是照亮我的精神。故选B。
（19）考查名词及语境理解。A.seasons季节；B.memories回忆；C.discoveries发现；D.dreams梦想。句意：我们的生活中也充满了甜蜜的季节。根据上文"In all of its sweet seasons"可知，我认为生活中充满了甜蜜的季节，此处的seasons是原词复现。故选A。
（20）考查动词及语境理解。A.Admit承认；B.Accept接受；C.Enjoy享受；D.Remember记住。句意：去享受你的一生四季吧。根据后文"Make each day a creation of your love."可知，让每一天都是你爱的创造，推断出我希望大家去享受生命中的每一天。故选C。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一个寒冷的清晨带着狗去散步，当面对大自然的美景时作者学会了感恩和欣赏。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。

41.【答案】【小题1】a
【小题2】had been established
【小题3】disappointment
【小题4】seeing
【小题5】invested
【小题6】really
【小题7】in
【小题8】strengthened
【小题9】where
【小题10】to pursue
【解析】（1）考查冠词。句意：我了解到，就在一年前，格拉纳达大学设立了一个新的学位，名为"现代语言及其文学"，其中包括汉语和其他三种语言。可数名词degree在句中表示"一个新的学位"，泛指，new以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
（2）考查动词时态和语态。句意：我了解到，就在一年前，格拉纳达大学设立了一个新的学位，名为"现代语言及其文学"，其中包括汉语和其他三种语言。分析句子可知，establish在宾语从句中作谓语，与主语（a） new degree之间是被动关系，结合句中"I learned that only a year before， ..."可知，动作发生在"过去的过去"，应使用过去完成时态。此处应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been established。
（3）考查不可数名词。句意：这四年是一段充满希望和失望的旅程。分析句子可知，此处与hope是并列关系，应用名词disappointment，作宾语，不可数名词。故填disappointment。
（4）考查现在分词。句意：大三时我曾数次想要放弃，因为经过两年的刻苦学习，我仍无法用中文进行简单的对话。分析句子可知，此处在句中作状语，see与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词表示主动。故填seeing。
（5）考查过去分词。句意：考虑到投入的时间，我决定完成我的学位。分析句子可知，此处在句中作定语修饰名词time，与逻辑主语time之间是被动关系，表示"被投入的时间"，应用过去分词形式。故填invested。
（6）考查副词。句意：在我的学习期间，真正帮助我开始说汉语的是汉语桥比赛，我以零天赋和极大的热情参加了这个比赛。分析句子可知，此处修饰动词helped，应用副词really作状语，意为"真正地"。故填really。
（7）考查介词。句意：在我的学习期间，真正帮助我开始说汉语的是汉语桥比赛，我以零天赋和极大的热情参加了这个比赛。分析句子可知，"which I participated with zero talent and great enthusiasm"是定语从句修饰先行词contest，关系代词which将先行词代入定语从句中作动词短语participated in的宾语，句中需要加上介词in并置于关系代词前。故填in。
（8）考查动词时态。句意：为比赛所做的准备使我受益匪浅，并加强了我提高的愿望。分析句子可知，此处与动词benefited并列作谓语，应填动词，且用一般过去时态。故填strengthened。
（9）考查定语从句。句意：所以2015年8月我来到南京大学，在那里我生活和学习了9个月。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Nanjing University，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示"在南京大学"，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
（10）考查不定式。句意：一年后，我前往云南师范大学攻读另一个对外汉语教学硕士学位。根据句意，"（pursue） another Master's Degree"是"I headed to Yunnan Normal University"的目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to pursue。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己学习中文的经历。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

42.【答案】It's important to protect cultural heritage，because it's an important resource for the study of human civilization and the root of a place.（保护文化遗产的意义）
The best-known cultural heritage site in our city is the Stone Monuments in a temple，the earliest part of which dates back to the Tang Dynasty.【高分句型一】What is the most amazing thing is that after hundreds or even thousands of years，most of them are well preserved and the words on them are still visible.【高分句型二】These monuments are our roots and give us a sense of belonging.We should make every effort to protect them and call on more and more people to pay attention to the preservation of the cultural heritage.（简单介绍当地的一处文化遗产）
【解析】高分句型一：The best-known cultural heritage site in our city is the Stone Monuments in a temple，the earliest part of which dates back to the Tang Dynasty.
翻译：我市最著名的文化遗产是寺庙里的石碑，其最早的部分可以追溯到唐朝。
分析：本句运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：What is the most amazing thing is that after hundreds or even thousands of years，most of them are well preserved and the words on them are still visible.
翻译：最令人惊奇的是，经过数百年甚至数千年，它们中的大多数保存完好，上面的文字仍然可见。
分析：本句运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。

43.【答案】However，I wasn't completely sure whether it was worthwhile. "I appreciate your kind efforts，but don't you think your time could be better spent？And 99% of these turtles don't have kind people like you to help them clean off their shells，are your efforts really making an impact？" The lady laughed out loud，then looked up at me and said， "Dear，if this little one could speak，he'd gladly tell you that my care towards him makes a big difference in the world.【高分句型一】" Her words made me understand one important lesson in life.Every little act of kindness counts.（描写那位女士的话是如何打动了作者，使作者也决定加入这位女士，和她一起清洗龟壳）
"Can I help you clean the turtles？" I asked the lady. "Of course，you can，" she nodded and said with pleasure.She taught me patiently and told me how to make the turtles clean again. "You should rub the shell of them gently，otherwise you will hurt them，" she reminded me.I picked up a little turtle，trying to imitate her and using the sponge brush to clean the shell.【高分句型二】With the algae and scum got rid of，the turtle looked relaxed and joyful.The old woman and I smiled at each other.（描写作者和那位女士一起清洗龟壳）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者偶遇一位女士在清洗龟壳，作者质疑这样做是否值得，而那位女士认为每一个小小的善举都很重要。
高分句型一：Dear，if this little one could speak，he'd gladly tell you that my care towards him makes a big difference in the world.
翻译：亲爱的，如果这个小家伙会说话，他会很高兴地告诉你，我对他的关心使世界发生了很大的变化。
分析：本句运用了that引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：I picked up a little turtle，trying to imitate her and using the sponge brush to clean the shell.
翻译：我抱起一只小乌龟，试着模仿她，用海绵刷清洁龟壳。
分析：本句运用了现在分词短语trying to imitate her and using the sponge brush to clean the shell作状语。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
 每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
 （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
 一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
 （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
 根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
 （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
 在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。