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2022-2023学年河南省焦作市高二（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）
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这是一份2022-2023学年河南省焦作市高二（下）期末英语试卷（含解析），共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年河南省焦作市高二（下）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
Below are a few examples of very different mothers from different authors，from the classics to modern day examples.
The Railway Children by Edith Nesbit
When their father is taken away by two strangers one evening，the lives of Roberta，Peter and Phyliss are broken up.They and their mother are forced to move from their comfortable London home to a simple cottage in the country where their mother writes books to make ends meet.This is such a lovely story of how the children adapt to their new way of life by the railways and of how their mother continues to care for them and bring them up，sometimes to the point we could almost believe she is too good to be true!
The Dwelling Place by Catherine Cookson
Set in County Durham in the 1830s，Cissy Brody and her young siblings are driven out from their farm cottage when both of their parents die of cholera.Determined that she and the children will not enter the frightening workhouse，young Cissy takes on the parental responsibility for them and moves them all to live in a small cave on the moors where they will face many hardships before finding a happy ending.
Little Women by Louisa May Alcott
In this book，the mother，Mrs March，is the glue that holds the family together through the Civil War as we follow the lives of her daughters，Jo，Meg，Amy and Beth.Their father is away serving as a Chaplain in the war and having lost their fortune，their mother must use all her resources to keep the family together，which she does remarkably well.
Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
Sometimes garrulous，rude and materialistic，yet strangely likeable，Mrs Bennet leads her five daughters，Jane，Elizabeth，Mary，Kitty and Lydia，to suitable marriages.Nothing will stand in her way although sometimes her rather full-on approach does scare away suitable suitors.Sometimes touching and at other times funny，it never fails to make me smile.
1. How does the mother in The Railway Children support her family？ ______
A. By starting her writing career.
B. By selling the comfortable house.
C. By working at the railway.
D. By washing clothes for the rich.
2. What is Little Women set in？ ______
A. A rich family. B. The war period.
C. The imaginary future. D. The countryside.
3. Which book covers the subject of marriage？ ______
A. The Railway Children. B. The Dwelling Place.
C. Little Women. D. Pride and Prejudice.
B
At 70 years old and nearly 200 pounds heavy，Joan MacDonald's health was deteriorating （恶化） rapidly.Her amazing body transformation inspired thousands!
She was taking a cocktail of medications （药物） to address her many illnesses：high blood pressure，high cholesterol，and acid reflux.While many would say that it's normal for people at her age，Joan knew there had to be a better way.Doctors said she had to make adjustments to her lifestyle，or else，she would have to take increased dosages of these medications.
Although Joan couldn't remember the last time she really thought about her health，she knew it was time for that body transformation.Joan watched her mom take medication after medication，and she didn't want to end up that way.
Joan began with small changes，including walking，practicing yoga，and lifting weights.After six months of hard work，Joan was able to shed 45 pounds.Ever since she started working out and eating more healthily in 2017，this tough woman has managed to lose a total of 50 pounds!Her routine involves hitting the gym five days a week，doing weightlifting，and doing 15 to 30 minutes of sports.
While Joan admitted to struggling with the technology at first，she refused to throw in the towel.Since she carried out these changes in her life，Joan has felt so much better.She's gotten off her medications and her arthritis is not as bothersome as before.
Now，Joan is inspiring women of all ages worldwide by proving to them that it's never too late to change.Her advice to other women who want to make a change but don't know how to is "to believe that it is possible!Even though you can't turn back the clock，you can wind it up again."
4. What do people usually think of Joan's illnesses？ ______
A. They should be cured immediately.
B. They are completely avoidable.
C. They are nearly harmless to health.
D. They are common for people in their 70s.
5. Why is Joan's mother mentioned in the text？ ______
A. To share Joan's mother's late life.
B. To show the origin of Joan's illnesses.
C. To explain Joan's motivation to change.
D. To stress the importance of health.
6. What is paragraph 4 mainly about？ ______
A. The efforts Joan has made. B. Joan's gift for sports.
C. The challenges Joan has met. D. Joan's favorite activities.
7. What can we learn from Joan's story？ ______
A. Where there is life，there is hope.
B. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
C. The good seaman is known in bad weather.
D. All things are difficult before they are easy.
C
After a dolphin was found swimming alone in a creek （浅湾） in Florida，marine biologists formed a human chain to rescue it.
Dolphins typically travel in groups called a "school" or a "pod"，although solitary （独自的） dolphins are becoming more common.This can be a cause for concern because dolphins are naturally sociable creatures，so if they are isolated（孤立） from other dolphins，they may turn their attention to human interaction.This in turn can be dangerous，both for dolphins and humans.
Dolphins can become dependent on humans for food，and become less inclined to feed on their own.Additionally，dolphins that are used to human contact spend more time in shallow waters，which can lead to standings or boat crashes.Meanwhile，humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves with injuries such as broken bones.
Therefore，after seeing that the dolphin had been alone in for a few days，and was near a residential area with potential for human disturbance，NOAA Fisheries Service decided to take action.Twenty-eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium，NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain，creating a barrier that would guide the dolphin out of the creek.
Rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica said， "The goal was to just be a barrier that was novel to the animal，so we wanted to create a physical barrier as well as an auditory （听觉的） barrier.We had somebody behind us that was banging on a boat，setting off their engine and then we were splashing water and moving forward towards the animal，so we were giving the animal the option to swim through the bridge on its own."
The rescue was successful，with the dolphin making its way out of the creek.
8. Which of the following situations can make people worried？ ______
A. More dolphins are becoming solitary.
B. Dolphins always live in groups.
C. Dolphins are becoming independent from humans.
D. Dolphins have no interaction with humans.
9. Which may be a consequence of a dolphin being isolated？ ______
A. Being hunted by humans. B. Becoming less cruel.
C. Relying on humans for food. D. Staying in deep waters longer.
10. What is the function of the human chain？ ______
A. Offering human interaction to the dolphin.
B. Preventing the dolphin from running into boats.
C. Making the dolphin desire to move around.
D. Guiding the dolphin out of the shallow water.
11. What is mainly expressed in Brittany's words？ ______
A. The trouble the dolphin was in.
B. The people who rescued the dolphin.
C. The way the dolphin was rescued.
D. The meaning of rescuing the dolphin.
D
It may be better to let a mild fever run its course instead of automatically reaching for medication，new research of University of Alberta suggests.
Researchers found that untreated mild fever helped fish clear their bodies of infection rapidly，control inflammation （炎症） and repair damaged tissue. "We let nature do what nature does，and in this case it is very much a positive thing，" says Daniel Barreda，lead author on the study.
Mild fever is self-resolving，meaning that the body can both cause it and shut it down naturally without medication，Barreda explains.The health advantages of natural fever to humans still have to be confirmed through research，but the researchers say because the mechanisms （机制） driving and sustaining fever are shared among animals，it is reasonable to expect that similar benefits are going to happen in humans.That suggests we should resist reaching for fever medications at the first signs of a mild temperature，he says. "They take away the discomfort felt from fever，but you're also likely to give away some of the benefits of this natural response."
For the study，fish were given a bacterial infection and their behaviour was then tracked and evaluated using machine learning.Outward symptoms were similar to those seen in humans with fever，including immobility，fatigue and malaise.These were then matched to important immune （免疫） mechanisms inside the animals.
The research showed that natural fever offers an integrative response that not only activates defences against infection，but also helps curb it.The researchers found that fever helped to clear the fish of infection in about seven days—half the time it took for those animals not allowed to have fever.Fever also helped to shut down inflammation and repair damaged tissue. "Our goal is to determine how to best take advantage of our medical advances while continuing to control and use the benefits from natural mechanisms of immunity，" says Barreda.
12. What can be learned about the health benefit of natural fever to humans？ ______
A. It is impractical. B. It needs proving.
C. It has been frequently tested. D. It is useful in making medicine.
13. What does the underlined word "curb" in the last paragraph probably mean？ ______
A. Replace. B. Explore. C. Control. D. Observe.
14. How did natural fever help the fish？ ______
A. By shortening the infection time.
B. By improving their living conditions.
C. By sending warnings to their brain.
D. By extending their life.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. Nature does what it should do.
B. Mild fever is self-resolving.
C. Animals share the mechanisms of fever.
D. Mild fever helps clear infections faster.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
The life of a student is busy.To ensure you have a healthy lifestyle，employ these tips in your daily routine.
Cut down on sugar
（ 1） ______ .That is to say，what you eat matters.Healthy eating results in youthful skin，boosts energy levels and enhances the immune system，which reduces diseases.An unhealthy body increases the risk of diseases.When you are unwell，you will miss classes，which in turn affects your academic performance.Avoiding meals containing processed sugar is the best way to live a healthy life.
Say no to stress
Due to the high expectations placed on students，many experience high levels of stress. （2） ______ .Chronic （长期的） stress eventually leads to depression，irritability，anxiety，inability to concentrate and an increase in risky behavior.
（ 3） ______
The phrase "too much of anything is poisonous" applies to the meals you eat.Eating more carbohydrates （碳水化合物） causes your blood sugar levels to get too high.Too much fat leads to obesity，and consuming excess proteins puts your kidneys at risk of failing.Avoid consuming too much of a specific meal by opting for a balanced diet.
Get an exercise partner
Although it's an essential part of a healthy lifestyle，working out regularly can be a struggle for most students with a busy schedule. （4） ______ .A workout partner comes in to keep you responsible，offer companionship and give you the push you need to make physical activity part of your routine.
Don't overcommit
If you frequently overcommit，you will stretch yourself too thin and eventually spend less time on things that really matter.If you find yourself saying yes to every invitation because you don't want to disappoint your friends，the result will be you dealing with burnout. （5） ______ .
A.Balance proteins，fat and carbohydrates
B.Make your spare time full and wonderful
C.A healthy lifestyle starts with a healthy diet
D.Even students who make it a New Year resolution often give up on the goal
E.So choose a healthy life and plan your time wisely to avoid overcommitting
F.Sugar doesn't play a big part in securing a healthy body
G.In fact，academic stress has become a lifestyle crisis affecting students at all levels
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
65-year-old Dee Harkrider had just finished a shopping trip at her local Walmart and didn't realize she'd left her wallet in a shopping cart.
Soon after she （1） ______ ， Delivontae Johnson，19，drove his car into the lot of the same Walmart in Forrest City，Arkansas ，in need of a （2） ______ tire after hitting a pothole （坑）.After he drove into a space，Johnson （3） ______ a black item in a cart：it was a wallet，containing Harkrider's driver's license，cash and bank cards.His immediate （4） ______ was， "I have to try to find out who this lady is and give her wallet back."
Johnson （5） ______ the driver's license to find her through Facebook.He sent the lady a （n）（6） ______ ， saying that he was driving north to her home in Wynne to （7） ______ the wallet.But at the same time，Harkrider was miles away in the （8） ______ direction，visiting a friend in Palestine. （9） ______ ， Johnson made a U-turn and the pair （10） ______ in a restaurant parking lot in Palestine. "I gave him a big hug，" Harkrider said. "I'm （11） ______ that we have young people out there like him."
Despite the （12） ______ difference，Harkrider has befriended Johnson and his family，who live in Forrest City.Meanwhile，Johnson，in school to earn his commercial driving license，is heartened by what's grown out of his（13） ______ .
"People nowadays have a lot of bad things to say about teenagers，" Johnson says. "My（14） ______ was to give back the wallet to whoever it belonged to.And I think that is the right thing for me to do.I feel （15） ______ now."
21. A. turned up B. pulled over C. drove off D. hung out
22. A. new B. big C. cheap D. fixed
23. A. accepted B. selected C. placed D. spotted
24. A. challenge B. reaction C. suggestion D. mission
25. A. discovered B. compared C. checked D. reported
26. A. invitation B. certificate C. contract D. message
27. A. return B. search C. claim D. recognize
28. A. given B. opposite C. wrong D. right
29. A. Frequently B. Occasionally C. Immediately D. Actually
30. A. met B. argued C. parted D. competed
31. A. worried B. calm C. confused D. grateful
32. A. income B. age C. national D. racial
33. A. judgment B. plan C. kindness D. wish
34. A. concern B. opportunity C. regret D. occupation
35. A. lucky B. strong C. unique D. joyful
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
China will soon ship a series of aids to three developing nations（1） ______ （assist） them in strengthening their capabilities to deal with climate change，according to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
"In moves to carry out its plan to increase South-South Cooperation on climate change，China will provide 5，000 sets of solar power generation systems for household use （2） ______ 300 metric tons of cement for seawall construction for the Pacific island nation of Kiribati，" the ministry（3） ______ （announce） in a media release on Tuesday.
A mobile ground system （4） ______ can receive and process data from satellites will arrive in Botswana，the release said.The system will support the African nation in environmental monitoring，agricultural production and the （5） ______ （prevent） of extreme weather disasters.
It also said China will send six electric buses（6） ______ Costa Rica to facilitate the nation's endeavor on a green，low-carbon transition in its transportation sector.
" （7） ______ （current），the production of all aids in the three programs has been completed，" the ministry said. "All the materials will（8） ______ （deliver） for shipment soon."
"China has always strived，as its capacity allows，to help other developing nations enhance their capabilities on tackling climate change， "the ministry stressed.
To date，China has reached numerous（9） ______ （agreement） on climate cooperation with 38 developing countries.It has also offered training programs to some 2，300 officials and technicians （10） ______ （devote）themselves to climate-related positions in over 120 developing nations.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 上周，你校举办了关于"二十四节气"（the 24 solar terms）的讲座。请你写一篇报道，向校英文报投稿。内容包括：
（1）讲座情况；
（2）你的收获。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
______
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Andy loved to read.Even when he was a baby，his mother would hold him on her lap and show him picture books.The best part was when his mom or dad tucked him into bed and read to him.
Wherever he went，he always took along a book.When he went to his big brother's baseball game，everyone watched the players.Not Andy!He sat on the benches and looked at his books.
Everywhere Andy went，he carried a blue and white backpack.All of his friends put water，a snack or games in their backpacks.Not Andy!He put in books-lots and lots of books.There were so many books，and his backpack was so heavy that sometimes he couldn't even stand up straight!
His dad figured out a way to help Andy.Together，they built a little cart.They worked very hard on this and had lots of fun doing this together.It was the perfect size to carry all of his books.They painted the cart blue，and in big white letters，they wrote， "ANDY'S AMAZING BOOKS".His friends helped him decorate the cart with bright and colorful designs.They all thought it was so cool，which made Andy feel so proud.
Mrs.Rivera，his teacher，allowed Andy to leave his cart in the back of the classroom.When the children finished their work，they were allowed to go to see what books were in the cart for that day.There were usually books about space，soccer，animals，children from around the world，and many more.
Saturday was Andy's favorite day of the week.That was the day that he went to the public library with his parents.He couldn't wait to visit the library to see Mrs.Hamilton，the librarian.She was so friendly and helpful.She always showed him the new books in the children's section.After filling the cart，he asked his mom， "Can I get a library card today？" "Not yet!You are only one month from being 5 years old，" she replied.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Andy asked his mother， "On which Saturday am I going to get my very own library card？"
_______
When Andy woke up that Saturday morning，he was all excited to have his birthday party.
_______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段They and their mother are forced to move from their comfortable London home to a simple cottage in the country where their mother writes books to make ends meet.（他们和母亲被迫从伦敦舒适的家搬到乡下一所简陋的小屋，母亲在那里写书以维持生计。）可知，《铁路孩子》中的母亲是通过写作养家。A．By starting her writing career通过写作；B．By selling the comfortable house通过卖房子；C．By working at the railway通过在铁路工作；D．By washing clothes for the rich通过为富人洗衣服。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段In this book，the mother，Mrs March，is the glue that holds the family together through the Civil War as we follow the lives of her daughters，Jo，Meg，Amy and Beth.Their father is away serving as a Chaplain in the war and having lost their fortune，their mother must use all her resources to keep the family together，which she does remarkably well.（在这本书中，母亲马奇太太是南北战争期间维系家庭的粘合剂，我们跟随她的女儿乔、梅格、艾米和贝丝的生活。他们的父亲在战争中担任牧师，失去了财产，他们的母亲必须利用她所有的资源来维持家庭的团结，她做得非常好。）可知，《小妇人》是以战争时期为背景的。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Sometimes garrulous，rude and materialistic，yet strangely likeable，Mrs Bennet leads her five daughters，Jane，Elizabeth，Mary，Kitty and Lydia，to suitable marriages.Nothing will stand in her way although sometimes her rather full-on approach does scare away suitable suitors.Sometimes touching and at other times funny，it never fails to make me smile.（班纳特太太有时喋喋不休、粗鲁无礼、物质至上，但却出奇地讨人喜欢。她带领她的五个女儿--简、伊丽莎白、玛丽、基蒂和莉迪亚--找到了合适的婚姻。没有什么能阻挡她的脚步，尽管有时她全力以赴的方式确实吓跑了合适的追求者。有时感人，有时有趣，它总是让我微笑。）可知，《傲慢与偏见》是关于婚姻的。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四本书的情况。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】D、C、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段的many would say that it's normal for people at her age，Joan knew there had to be a better way. （很多人会说这对她这个年纪的人来说很正常）可知，人们通常认为琼的病对70多岁的人来说很常见。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段的Joan watched her mom take medication after medication，and she didn't want to end up that way.（琼看着妈妈一次又一次地服药，她不想以这种方式结束。） 可知，文中提到了琼的母亲是为了说明琼做出改变的动机。故选C。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段的Joan began with small changes，including walking，practicing yoga，and lifting weights.After six months of hard work，Joan was able to shed 45 pounds.Ever since she started working out and eating more healthily in 2017，this tough woman has managed to lose a total of 50 pounds!Her routine involves hitting the gym five days a week，doing weightlifting，and doing 15 to 30 minutes of sports.（琼开始做一些小的改变，包括散步、练习瑜伽和举重。经过六个月的努力，琼瘦了45磅。自从2017年开始锻炼并吃得更健康以来，这位坚强的女人已经成功地减掉了50磅！她的日常活动包括每周五天去健身房，举重，以及15到30分钟的运动。）可知，第四段主要讲述的是琼为获得健康所做的努力。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段的Now，Joan is inspiring women of all ages worldwide by proving to them that it's never too late to change.Her advice to other women who want to make a change but don't know how to is "to believe that it is possible!Even though you can't turn back the clock，you can wind it up again."（ 现在，琼正在激励全世界所有年龄段的女性，向她们证明改变永远不会太迟。她给其他想做出改变但不知道如何改变的女性的建议是"相信这是可能的！你无法让时钟反转，但你能重新上发条。"）可知，我们能从琼的故事看得出有志向的人能够实现目标，即B项（心之所愿，无所不成）。A．Where there is life，there is hope.哪里有生命，哪里就有希望；B．Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.心之所愿，无所不成；C．The good seaman is known in bad weather.坏天气下才知道好水手；D．All things are difficult before they are easy.万事开头难。故选B。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了70岁的琼•麦克唐的健康状况逐渐恶化，但她积极地做出改变激励了成千上万的人。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】A、C、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段…solitary dolphins are becoming more common.This can be a cause for concern because dolphins are naturally sociable creatures.（独自生活的海豚正变得越来越普遍。这可能是一个令人担忧的原因，因为海豚天生就是善于交际的生物。）可知，越来越多的海豚变得独自生活，这会让人担心。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段so if they are isolated from other dolphins，they may turn their attention to human interaction（所以如果它们与其他海豚隔离，它们可能会将注意力转向与人类进行互动） 及第三段的"Dolphins can become dependent on humans for food"（海豚会变得依赖人类获取食物）可知，海豚被隔离后可能依靠人类获取食物。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段Twenty-eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium，NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain，creating a barrier that would guide the dolphin out of the creek.（来自克利尔沃特海洋水族馆、NOAA和FWC的28名生物学家聚集在一起，组成了一个人链，创造了一个屏障，将海豚引导出小溪。）可知，人链的功能是引导海豚离开浅水区。所以"D．Guiding the dolphin out of the shallow water.引导海豚离开浅水区。"正确。故选D。
（4）段落大意题。根据倒数第二段Rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica said， "The goal was to just be a barrier that was novel to the animal，so we wanted to create a physical barrier as well as an auditory barrier.We had somebody behind us that was banging on a boat，setting off their engine and then we were splashing water and moving forward towards the animal，so we were giving the animal the option to swim through the bridge on its own."（ 救援生物学家Brittany Baldrica说，"我们的目标是成为一个对动物来说新颖的屏障，所以我们想创造一个物理屏障和听觉屏障。我们身后有人在敲船，启动他们的发动机，然后我们泼水，朝着动物前进，所以我们让动物可以选择自己游过大桥。"）可知，布列塔尼的话主要讲的是海豚获救的方式。所以"C．The way the dolphin was rescued.海豚获救的方式。"正确。故选C。
文章介绍了一只海豚在佛罗里达州的溪流中被发现后，海洋生物学家们组成了人类链条来营救它。文章指出，海豚通常会成群结队地旅行，但孤独的海豚越来越普遍，这可能会导致它们对人类的互动产生依赖，从而对海豚和人类都有危险。因此，当看到这只海豚已经孤独了几天，并且附近有潜在的人类干扰时，NOAA渔业服务决定采取行动。28名生物学家组成了人类链条，成功地将海豚引导出溪流。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】B、C、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段第二句The health advantages of natural fever to humans still have to be confirmed through research，but the researchers say because the mechanisms （机制） driving and sustaining fever are shared among animals，it is reasonable to expect that similar benefits are going to happen in humans. （自然发热对人类健康的好处还需要通过研究来证实，但研究人员表示，由于动物之间驱动和维持发烧的机制是相同的，因此有理由期待类似的好处也会发生在人类身上。）可知，关于自然发热对人类的健康益处还需要证明。故选B。
（2）词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句The research showed that natural fever offers an integrative response that not only activates defences against infection，but also helps curb it.（研究表明，自然发热提供了一种综合反应，不仅可以激活对感染的防御，还可以帮助抑制感染。）可知，划线词意思是"抑制"。结合选项A．Replace.替换；B．Explore.探索；C．Control.控制；D．Observe.观察。分析可知，C项与划线词意思最接近。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句The researchers found that fever helped to clear the fish of infection in about seven days—half the time it took for those animals not allowed to have fever. （研究人员发现，发烧可以帮助鱼在大约7天内清除感染，这是那些不允许发烧的动物所需时间的一半）可知，自然发热帮助鱼类缩短感染时间。故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合文章第二段Researchers found that untreated mild fever helped fish clear their bodies of infection rapidly，control inflammation （炎症） and repair damaged tissue. "We let nature do what nature does，and in this case it is very much a positive thing，" says Daniel Barreda，lead author on the study. （研究人员发现，未经治疗的轻度发烧有助于鱼类迅速清除体内的感染，控制炎症，修复受损组织。该研究的主要作者丹尼尔•巴雷达说："我们让大自然顺其自然，在这种情况下，这是一件非常积极的事情。"）可知，文章主要说明了研究发现轻度发烧有助于鱼类迅速清除体内的感染，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。结合选项A．Nature does what it should do.自然会做它应该做的事；B．Mild fever is self-resolving.轻度发烧可自行消退；C．Animals share the mechanisms of fever.动物也有发烧的机制；D．Mild fever helps clear infections faster.轻度发烧有助于更快清除感染。分析可知，D选项符合文章的主旨。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现轻度发烧有助于鱼类迅速清除体内的感染，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】C、G、A、D、E
【解析】（1）联系下文题。根据后文That is to say，what you eat matters.Healthy eating results in youthful skin，boosts energy levels and enhances the immune system，which reduces diseases.An unhealthy body increases the risk of diseases.When you are unwell，you will miss classes，which in turn affects your academic performance.Avoiding meals containing processed sugar is the best way to live a healthy life. （也就是说，你吃什么很重要。健康的饮食使皮肤年轻，提高能量水平，增强免疫系统，从而减少疾病。不健康的身体会增加患病的风险。当你身体不舒服时，你会缺课，这反过来会影响你的学习成绩。避免含有加工糖的食物是健康生活的最佳方式。）可知，本段主要是关于健康的饮食对健康生活方式的重要性，故C．A healthy lifestyle starts with a healthy diet（健康的生活方式始于健康的饮食）。符合语境，故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据上文Due to the high expectations placed on students，many experience high levels of stress. （由于对学生的高期望，许多人经历了高水平的压力。）以及后文Chronic （长期的） stress eventually leads to depression，irritability，anxiety，inability to concentrate and an increase in risky behavior. （慢性压力最终会导致抑郁、易怒、焦虑、无法集中注意力和危险行为的增加。）可知，上文提到了学生的压力来源，后文则说明了压力的危害，G选项中students对应上文students。故G．In fact，academic stress has become a lifestyle crisis affecting students at all levels（事实上，学业压力已经成为一种影响各级学生的生活方式危机）。符合语境，故选G。
（3）段落标题题。根据本段内容The phrase "too much of anything is poisonous" applies to the meals you eat.Eating more carbohydrates （碳水化合物） causes your blood sugar levels to get too high.Too much fat leads to obesity，and consuming excess proteins puts your kidneys at risk of failing.Avoid consuming too much of a specific meal by opting for a balanced diet. （"任何东西吃多了都是有毒的"这句话适用于你吃的食物。吃更多的碳水化合物会导致你的血糖水平过高。过多的脂肪会导致肥胖，摄入过多的蛋白质会使你的肾脏有衰竭的风险。选择均衡的饮食，避免某一餐吃得太多。）可知，本段主要说明了吃过了碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的危害，即要平衡这三者。故A．Balance proteins，fat and carbohydrates（平衡蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物）。符合语境，故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据上文Although it's an essential part of a healthy lifestyle，working out regularly can be a struggle for most students with a busy schedule.（尽管这是健康生活方式的重要组成部分，但对于大多数日程繁忙的学生来说，定期锻炼可能是一件困难的事情。）以及后文A workout partner comes in to keep you responsible，offer companionship and give you the push you need to make physical activity part of your routine. （健身伙伴会让你有责任感，提供陪伴，给你推动力，让你把体育锻炼变成日常生活的一部分。）可知，上文提到了对学生来说定期锻炼的困难性，故本句继续说明其困难的具体表现：即使是把它作为新年决心的学生也经常放弃这个目标。故D．Even students who make it a New Year resolution often give up on the goal（即使是把它作为新年决心的学生也经常放弃这个目标）。符合语境，故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据标题Don't overcommit （不要过度投入），以及上文If you frequently overcommit，you will stretch yourself too thin and eventually spend less time on things that really matter.If you find yourself saying yes to every invitation because you don't want to disappoint your friends，the result will be you dealing with burnout. （如果你经常过度投入，你就会把自己拉得太紧，最终在真正重要的事情上花的时间就会变少。如果你发现自己因为不想让朋友失望而答应了每一个邀请，那么你就会感到精疲力竭。）可知，本段的主旨是避免过度投入，E选项中overcommitting对应上文overcommit。故E．So choose a healthy life and plan your time wisely to avoid overcommitting（因此，选择健康的生活方式，明智地规划你的时间，避免过度投入）。符合语境，故选E。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了保持健康生活方式的建议。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】C、A、D、B、C、D、A、B、C、A、D、B、C、A、D
【解析】（1）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.turned up出现；B.pulled over靠边停车；C.drove off开车离开；D.hung out闲逛，消磨时间。根据下文But at the same time，Harkrider was miles away in the direction，visiting a friend in Palestine.可知，Harkrider购物后，开车离开（drove off）超市后去拜访一个朋友。故选C项。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.new新的；B.big大的；C.cheap便宜的；D.fixed固定的。根据下文after hitting a pothole可知，车子轮胎出了问题，需要换一个新的（new）。故选A项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.accepted接受；B.selected选择；C.placed放置；D.spotted发现。根据上文65-year-old Dee Harkrider had just finished a shopping trip at her local Walmart and didn't realize she'd left her wallet in a shopping cart.可知，Harkrider把钱包落在了购物车里，而Johnson正好来到了这个停车场，发现（spotted）了购物车里的钱包。故选D项。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.challenge挑战；B.reaction反应；C.suggestion建议；D.mission任务。根据下文My （14）was to give back the wallet to whoever it belonged to.And I think that is the right thing for me to do.可知，发现钱包以后，Johnson立马想到要找到失主，reaction符合语境。故选B项。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.discovered发现；B.compared比较；C.checked检查；D.reported报告。根据下文He sent the lady a （n） （6），saying that he was driving north to her home in Wynne to （7）the wallet.可知，Johnson可以在Facebook上找到对方，并留言，是因为他检查了对方的驾照信息，checked符合语境。故选C项。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.invitation邀请；B.certificate证书；C.contract合同；D.message留言。根据下文But at the same time，Harkrider was miles away in the（8）direction，visiting a friend in Palestine.（9），Johnson made a U-turn and the pair （10）in a restaurant parking lot in Palestine.以及本句中的引号内的内容，可知，Johnson在Facebook上给Harkrider留了言（message），进行了互动交流。故填D项。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.return返回；B.search搜索；C.claim声称；D.recognize识别。根据上文His immediate （4）was， "I have to try to find out who this lady is and give her wallet back.句中的give…back与return同义，说明他要归还钱包。故选A项。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.given指定的；B.opposite相反的；C.wrong错误的；D.right正确的。根据上文Johnson （5）the driver's license to find her through Facebook.He sent the lady a （n）（6），saying that he was driving north to her home in Wynne to （7）the wallet.下文（9），Johnson made a U-turn and the pair （10）in a restaurant parking lot in Palestine.可知，Johnson本来正前往Harkrider家，现在要掉头，说明Harkrider在相反的方向。故选B项。
（9）考查副词及语境理解。A.Frequently经常；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Immediately立即；D.Actually实际上。根据上文He sent the lady a （n） （6），saying that he was driving north to her home in Wynne to （7）the wallet，Harkrider was miles away in the （8）direction，visiting a friend in Palestine.可知，通过Facebook的信息交流，Johnson知道Harkrider不在家，而是去拜访朋友了，所以立刻（Immediately）掉头去找她。故选C项。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.met相遇；B.argued争吵；C.parted分手；D.competed竞争。根据上文He sent the lady a （n） （6），saying that he was driving north to her home in Wynne to （7）the wallet.可知，约翰逊要还钱包就得与对方见面（met）。故选A项。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.worried忧虑的；B.calm冷静的；C.confused困惑的；D.grateful感恩的。根据上文He sent the lady a （n） （6），saying that he was driving north to her home in Wynne to （7）the wallet.9），Johnson made a U-turn and the pair （10）in a restaurant parking lot in Palestine.可知，Johnson不辞辛苦地把钱包送还给了Harkrider，所以她很感恩（grateful）。故选D项。
（12）考查名词/形容词及语境理解。A.income收入；B.age年龄；C.national国民的；D.racial种族的。根据第一段65-year-old Dee Harkrider had just finished a shopping trip at her local Walmart and didn't realize she'd left her wallet in a shopping cart.第二段Soon after she （1），Delivontae Johnson，19，drove his car into the lot of the same Walmart in Forrest City，Arkansas ，in need of a （2）tire after hitting a pothole （坑）.可知，俩人分别是65岁和19岁，年龄（age）不同。故选B项。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.judgment判断；B.plan计划；C.kindness善行；D.wish愿望。根据上文Despite the （12）difference，Harkrider has befriended Johnson and his family，who live in Forrest City.以及'People nowadays have a lot of bad things to say about teenagers，' Johnson says. 'My （14）was to give back the wallet to whoever it belonged to.And I think that is the right thing for me to do.I feel （15）now.可知，尽管很多人对部分青少年有微词，Johnson通过做这样一件善事（kindness），与Harkrider成了朋友，所以做好事令他开心。故选C项。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.concern关心的事；B.opportunity机会；C.regret遗憾；D.occupation职业。根据上文His immediate （4）was， 'I have to try to find out who this lady is and give her wallet back.' 可知，发现钱包以后，Johnson立马设法找失主，这是他的关心的事（concern）。故选A项。
（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.lucky幸运的；B.strong强的；C.unique独特的；D.joyful快乐的。根据上文'I gave him a big hug，' Harkrider said. 'I'm （11）that we have young people out there like him.' 以及'People nowadays have a lot of bad things to say about teenagers，' Johnson says. 'My （14）was to give back the wallet to whoever it belonged to.And I think that is the right thing for me to do.可知，Johnson得到了Harkrider的肯定和感激，所以很开心（joyful）。故选D项。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了19岁的Johnson在超市停车场发现了购物车里的钱包后，立马根据钱包里的驾照信息在Facebook上联系到失主，65岁的Dee Harkrider，亲自交到她手里，得到了老人的肯定。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。
36.【答案】【小题1】to assist
【小题2】and
【小题3】announced
【小题4】that/which
【小题5】prevention
【小题6】to
【小题7】Currently
【小题8】be delivered
【小题9】agreements
【小题10】devoting
【解析】（1）考查动词不定式。句意：据生态环境部表示，中国将很快向三个发展中国家提供一系列援助，以帮助他们加强应对气候变化的能力。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to assist。
（2）考查连词。句意："为了实施其在气候变化问题上加强南南合作的计划，中国将为太平洋岛国基里巴斯提供5000套家用太阳能发电系统和300吨用于海堤建设的水泥，"该部周二在一份媒体发布会上宣布。分析可知，5，000 sets of solar power generation systems for household use与300 metric tons of cement for seawall construction for the Pacific island nation of Kiribati之间为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
（3）考查时态。句意："为了实施其在气候变化问题上加强南南合作的计划，中国将为太平洋岛国基里巴斯提供5000套家用太阳能发电系统和300吨用于海堤建设的水泥，"该部周二在一份媒体发布会上宣布。根据后文时间状语on Tuesday可知，句子是在叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填announced。
（4）考查定语从句关系词。句意：一个可以接收和处理卫星数据的移动地面系统将抵达博茨瓦纳。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a mobile ground system，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
（5）考查不可数名词。句意：该系统将支持非洲国家进行环境监测、农业生产和预防极端天气灾害。分析可知，此处应用名词prevention"预防"作介词in的宾语，prevention为抽象名词，不可数。故填prevention。
（6）考查介词。句意：它还表示，中国将向哥斯达黎加发送六辆电动公交车，以促进该国在交通运输领域向绿色、低碳转型的努力。根据句意表示"把……发往……"，应用send sth.to…。故填to。
（7）考查副词。句意："目前，这三个项目的所有辅助设备都已完成生产。"外交部表示。分析可知，此处应用副词currently作状语，修饰后文整个句子，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Currently。
（8）考查语态。句意："所有的材料很快就会送到发货处。"分析可知，主语all the materials与谓语deliver之间为被动关系，结合上文will可知，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填be delivered。
（9）考查可数名词复数。句意：迄今为止，中国已与38个发展中国家达成多项气候合作协议。agreement在这里意为"协议"，是可数名词，根据修饰词numerous可知，此处应用其复数形式。故填agreements。
（10）考查现在分词。句意：它还为120多个发展中国家从事气候相关工作的约2300名官员和技术人员提供了培训项目。分析可知，此处应用非谓语形式作后置定语，动词devote与其逻辑主语officials and technicians之间构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语。故填devoting。
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国将很快向三个发展中国家提供一系列援助，以帮助他们加强应对气候变化的能力。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】To make students who love Chinese traditional culture have a deeper understanding of the 24 solar terms，our school organized a lecture given by an experienced expert last week.【高分句型一】（讲座目的）
To be honest，most students are lacking in specific knowledge of the 24 solar terms.The lecturer explained the origins of each term and what they stand for to the full length，winning tons of applause from the students present.（讲座情况）
What is most practical for me is the way each term is expressed in English，which is what I need badly.【高分句型二】I am sure it will serve me well in my study.（你的收获）
【解析】高分句型一：To make students who love Chinese traditional culture have a deeper understanding of the 24 solar terms，our school organized a lecture given by an experienced expert last week.
译文：为了让热爱中国传统文化的学生更深入地了解二十四节气，我校上周组织了一位经验丰富的专家的讲座。
分析：这句话使用了who引导的定语从句，given by an experienced expert last week是过去分词短语作定语。
高分句型二：What is most practical for me is the way each term is expressed in English，which is what I need badly.
译文：对我来说最实用的是每个术语的英语表达方式，这正是我迫切需要的。
分析：这句话中第一个what引导的主语从句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，第二个what引导的是表语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】 Andy asked his mother， "On which Saturday am I going to get my very own library card？" His mother explained that he had to wait until he was five years old.【高分句型一】She said， "Andy，we only have four more Saturdays to go." Andy couldn't wait to get his own library card!Soon，he would have it，and his name would be in big letters on the top.There were so many books in the children's section.How was he ever going to finish reading all of them？Andy's birthday was almost here.He invited his best friend，Terrell，to his party because they had so much fun together.【高分句型二】（描写Andy想尽快拿到借书证以及他邀请朋友来过生日。）
When Andy woke up that Saturday morning，he was all excited to have his birthday party.He was now five years old.When it was almost time，all of his friends came.They played games，had snacks and ate the birthday cake.A woman came through the door and it was Mrs.Hamilton，the librarian.Andy was so excited.She then gave Andy a white envelope that had his name on the front.Then all the children watched as Andy tore the envelope open and what a surprise：he received his very own library card with his name.Oh，how happy Andy was!（描写Andy和朋友过生日的场景以及Andy拿到借书证。）
【解析】 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Andy喜欢读书，无论走到哪里，他总是随身带着一本书。为此他爸爸想到了一个办法来帮助Andy，他们一起造了一辆小推车，老师还允许他把小推车放在教室后面，供同学们一起阅读各类书籍。Andy一直希望拿到自己的借书证，最后，在Andy满五岁这天终于拿到了自己的图书馆借书证。
高分句型一 His mother explained that he had to wait until he was five years old.
翻译：他的母亲解释说，他必须等到五岁。
分析：句中使用了that引导宾语从句。
高分句型二 He invited his best friend，Terrell，to his party because they had so much fun together.
翻译：他邀请他最好的朋友Terrell参加他的聚会，因为他们在一起玩得很开心。
分析：句中使用了because引导原因状语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年河南省焦作市高二（下）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
Below are a few examples of very different mothers from different authors，from the classics to modern day examples.
The Railway Children by Edith Nesbit
When their father is taken away by two strangers one evening，the lives of Roberta，Peter and Phyliss are broken up.They and their mother are forced to move from their comfortable London home to a simple cottage in the country where their mother writes books to make ends meet.This is such a lovely story of how the children adapt to their new way of life by the railways and of how their mother continues to care for them and bring them up，sometimes to the point we could almost believe she is too good to be true!
The Dwelling Place by Catherine Cookson
Set in County Durham in the 1830s，Cissy Brody and her young siblings are driven out from their farm cottage when both of their parents die of cholera.Determined that she and the children will not enter the frightening workhouse，young Cissy takes on the parental responsibility for them and moves them all to live in a small cave on the moors where they will face many hardships before finding a happy ending.
Little Women by Louisa May Alcott
In this book，the mother，Mrs March，is the glue that holds the family together through the Civil War as we follow the lives of her daughters，Jo，Meg，Amy and Beth.Their father is away serving as a Chaplain in the war and having lost their fortune，their mother must use all her resources to keep the family together，which she does remarkably well.
Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
Sometimes garrulous，rude and materialistic，yet strangely likeable，Mrs Bennet leads her five daughters，Jane，Elizabeth，Mary，Kitty and Lydia，to suitable marriages.Nothing will stand in her way although sometimes her rather full-on approach does scare away suitable suitors.Sometimes touching and at other times funny，it never fails to make me smile.
1. How does the mother in The Railway Children support her family？ ______
A. By starting her writing career.
B. By selling the comfortable house.
C. By working at the railway.
D. By washing clothes for the rich.
2. What is Little Women set in？ ______
A. A rich family. B. The war period.
C. The imaginary future. D. The countryside.
3. Which book covers the subject of marriage？ ______
A. The Railway Children. B. The Dwelling Place.
C. Little Women. D. Pride and Prejudice.
B
At 70 years old and nearly 200 pounds heavy，Joan MacDonald's health was deteriorating （恶化） rapidly.Her amazing body transformation inspired thousands!
She was taking a cocktail of medications （药物） to address her many illnesses：high blood pressure，high cholesterol，and acid reflux.While many would say that it's normal for people at her age，Joan knew there had to be a better way.Doctors said she had to make adjustments to her lifestyle，or else，she would have to take increased dosages of these medications.
Although Joan couldn't remember the last time she really thought about her health，she knew it was time for that body transformation.Joan watched her mom take medication after medication，and she didn't want to end up that way.
Joan began with small changes，including walking，practicing yoga，and lifting weights.After six months of hard work，Joan was able to shed 45 pounds.Ever since she started working out and eating more healthily in 2017，this tough woman has managed to lose a total of 50 pounds!Her routine involves hitting the gym five days a week，doing weightlifting，and doing 15 to 30 minutes of sports.
While Joan admitted to struggling with the technology at first，she refused to throw in the towel.Since she carried out these changes in her life，Joan has felt so much better.She's gotten off her medications and her arthritis is not as bothersome as before.
Now，Joan is inspiring women of all ages worldwide by proving to them that it's never too late to change.Her advice to other women who want to make a change but don't know how to is "to believe that it is possible!Even though you can't turn back the clock，you can wind it up again."
4. What do people usually think of Joan's illnesses？ ______
A. They should be cured immediately.
B. They are completely avoidable.
C. They are nearly harmless to health.
D. They are common for people in their 70s.
5. Why is Joan's mother mentioned in the text？ ______
A. To share Joan's mother's late life.
B. To show the origin of Joan's illnesses.
C. To explain Joan's motivation to change.
D. To stress the importance of health.
6. What is paragraph 4 mainly about？ ______
A. The efforts Joan has made. B. Joan's gift for sports.
C. The challenges Joan has met. D. Joan's favorite activities.
7. What can we learn from Joan's story？ ______
A. Where there is life，there is hope.
B. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
C. The good seaman is known in bad weather.
D. All things are difficult before they are easy.
C
After a dolphin was found swimming alone in a creek （浅湾） in Florida，marine biologists formed a human chain to rescue it.
Dolphins typically travel in groups called a "school" or a "pod"，although solitary （独自的） dolphins are becoming more common.This can be a cause for concern because dolphins are naturally sociable creatures，so if they are isolated（孤立） from other dolphins，they may turn their attention to human interaction.This in turn can be dangerous，both for dolphins and humans.
Dolphins can become dependent on humans for food，and become less inclined to feed on their own.Additionally，dolphins that are used to human contact spend more time in shallow waters，which can lead to standings or boat crashes.Meanwhile，humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves with injuries such as broken bones.
Therefore，after seeing that the dolphin had been alone in for a few days，and was near a residential area with potential for human disturbance，NOAA Fisheries Service decided to take action.Twenty-eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium，NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain，creating a barrier that would guide the dolphin out of the creek.
Rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica said， "The goal was to just be a barrier that was novel to the animal，so we wanted to create a physical barrier as well as an auditory （听觉的） barrier.We had somebody behind us that was banging on a boat，setting off their engine and then we were splashing water and moving forward towards the animal，so we were giving the animal the option to swim through the bridge on its own."
The rescue was successful，with the dolphin making its way out of the creek.
8. Which of the following situations can make people worried？ ______
A. More dolphins are becoming solitary.
B. Dolphins always live in groups.
C. Dolphins are becoming independent from humans.
D. Dolphins have no interaction with humans.
9. Which may be a consequence of a dolphin being isolated？ ______
A. Being hunted by humans. B. Becoming less cruel.
C. Relying on humans for food. D. Staying in deep waters longer.
10. What is the function of the human chain？ ______
A. Offering human interaction to the dolphin.
B. Preventing the dolphin from running into boats.
C. Making the dolphin desire to move around.
D. Guiding the dolphin out of the shallow water.
11. What is mainly expressed in Brittany's words？ ______
A. The trouble the dolphin was in.
B. The people who rescued the dolphin.
C. The way the dolphin was rescued.
D. The meaning of rescuing the dolphin.
D
It may be better to let a mild fever run its course instead of automatically reaching for medication，new research of University of Alberta suggests.
Researchers found that untreated mild fever helped fish clear their bodies of infection rapidly，control inflammation （炎症） and repair damaged tissue. "We let nature do what nature does，and in this case it is very much a positive thing，" says Daniel Barreda，lead author on the study.
Mild fever is self-resolving，meaning that the body can both cause it and shut it down naturally without medication，Barreda explains.The health advantages of natural fever to humans still have to be confirmed through research，but the researchers say because the mechanisms （机制） driving and sustaining fever are shared among animals，it is reasonable to expect that similar benefits are going to happen in humans.That suggests we should resist reaching for fever medications at the first signs of a mild temperature，he says. "They take away the discomfort felt from fever，but you're also likely to give away some of the benefits of this natural response."
For the study，fish were given a bacterial infection and their behaviour was then tracked and evaluated using machine learning.Outward symptoms were similar to those seen in humans with fever，including immobility，fatigue and malaise.These were then matched to important immune （免疫） mechanisms inside the animals.
The research showed that natural fever offers an integrative response that not only activates defences against infection，but also helps curb it.The researchers found that fever helped to clear the fish of infection in about seven days—half the time it took for those animals not allowed to have fever.Fever also helped to shut down inflammation and repair damaged tissue. "Our goal is to determine how to best take advantage of our medical advances while continuing to control and use the benefits from natural mechanisms of immunity，" says Barreda.
12. What can be learned about the health benefit of natural fever to humans？ ______
A. It is impractical. B. It needs proving.
C. It has been frequently tested. D. It is useful in making medicine.
13. What does the underlined word "curb" in the last paragraph probably mean？ ______
A. Replace. B. Explore. C. Control. D. Observe.
14. How did natural fever help the fish？ ______
A. By shortening the infection time.
B. By improving their living conditions.
C. By sending warnings to their brain.
D. By extending their life.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text？ ______
A. Nature does what it should do.
B. Mild fever is self-resolving.
C. Animals share the mechanisms of fever.
D. Mild fever helps clear infections faster.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
The life of a student is busy.To ensure you have a healthy lifestyle，employ these tips in your daily routine.
Cut down on sugar
（ 1） ______ .That is to say，what you eat matters.Healthy eating results in youthful skin，boosts energy levels and enhances the immune system，which reduces diseases.An unhealthy body increases the risk of diseases.When you are unwell，you will miss classes，which in turn affects your academic performance.Avoiding meals containing processed sugar is the best way to live a healthy life.
Say no to stress
Due to the high expectations placed on students，many experience high levels of stress. （2） ______ .Chronic （长期的） stress eventually leads to depression，irritability，anxiety，inability to concentrate and an increase in risky behavior.
（ 3） ______
The phrase "too much of anything is poisonous" applies to the meals you eat.Eating more carbohydrates （碳水化合物） causes your blood sugar levels to get too high.Too much fat leads to obesity，and consuming excess proteins puts your kidneys at risk of failing.Avoid consuming too much of a specific meal by opting for a balanced diet.
Get an exercise partner
Although it's an essential part of a healthy lifestyle，working out regularly can be a struggle for most students with a busy schedule. （4） ______ .A workout partner comes in to keep you responsible，offer companionship and give you the push you need to make physical activity part of your routine.
Don't overcommit
If you frequently overcommit，you will stretch yourself too thin and eventually spend less time on things that really matter.If you find yourself saying yes to every invitation because you don't want to disappoint your friends，the result will be you dealing with burnout. （5） ______ .
A.Balance proteins，fat and carbohydrates
B.Make your spare time full and wonderful
C.A healthy lifestyle starts with a healthy diet
D.Even students who make it a New Year resolution often give up on the goal
E.So choose a healthy life and plan your time wisely to avoid overcommitting
F.Sugar doesn't play a big part in securing a healthy body
G.In fact，academic stress has become a lifestyle crisis affecting students at all levels
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
65-year-old Dee Harkrider had just finished a shopping trip at her local Walmart and didn't realize she'd left her wallet in a shopping cart.
Soon after she （1） ______ ， Delivontae Johnson，19，drove his car into the lot of the same Walmart in Forrest City，Arkansas ，in need of a （2） ______ tire after hitting a pothole （坑）.After he drove into a space，Johnson （3） ______ a black item in a cart：it was a wallet，containing Harkrider's driver's license，cash and bank cards.His immediate （4） ______ was， "I have to try to find out who this lady is and give her wallet back."
Johnson （5） ______ the driver's license to find her through Facebook.He sent the lady a （n）（6） ______ ， saying that he was driving north to her home in Wynne to （7） ______ the wallet.But at the same time，Harkrider was miles away in the （8） ______ direction，visiting a friend in Palestine. （9） ______ ， Johnson made a U-turn and the pair （10） ______ in a restaurant parking lot in Palestine. "I gave him a big hug，" Harkrider said. "I'm （11） ______ that we have young people out there like him."
Despite the （12） ______ difference，Harkrider has befriended Johnson and his family，who live in Forrest City.Meanwhile，Johnson，in school to earn his commercial driving license，is heartened by what's grown out of his（13） ______ .
"People nowadays have a lot of bad things to say about teenagers，" Johnson says. "My（14） ______ was to give back the wallet to whoever it belonged to.And I think that is the right thing for me to do.I feel （15） ______ now."
21. A. turned up B. pulled over C. drove off D. hung out
22. A. new B. big C. cheap D. fixed
23. A. accepted B. selected C. placed D. spotted
24. A. challenge B. reaction C. suggestion D. mission
25. A. discovered B. compared C. checked D. reported
26. A. invitation B. certificate C. contract D. message
27. A. return B. search C. claim D. recognize
28. A. given B. opposite C. wrong D. right
29. A. Frequently B. Occasionally C. Immediately D. Actually
30. A. met B. argued C. parted D. competed
31. A. worried B. calm C. confused D. grateful
32. A. income B. age C. national D. racial
33. A. judgment B. plan C. kindness D. wish
34. A. concern B. opportunity C. regret D. occupation
35. A. lucky B. strong C. unique D. joyful
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
China will soon ship a series of aids to three developing nations（1） ______ （assist） them in strengthening their capabilities to deal with climate change，according to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
"In moves to carry out its plan to increase South-South Cooperation on climate change，China will provide 5，000 sets of solar power generation systems for household use （2） ______ 300 metric tons of cement for seawall construction for the Pacific island nation of Kiribati，" the ministry（3） ______ （announce） in a media release on Tuesday.
A mobile ground system （4） ______ can receive and process data from satellites will arrive in Botswana，the release said.The system will support the African nation in environmental monitoring，agricultural production and the （5） ______ （prevent） of extreme weather disasters.
It also said China will send six electric buses（6） ______ Costa Rica to facilitate the nation's endeavor on a green，low-carbon transition in its transportation sector.
" （7） ______ （current），the production of all aids in the three programs has been completed，" the ministry said. "All the materials will（8） ______ （deliver） for shipment soon."
"China has always strived，as its capacity allows，to help other developing nations enhance their capabilities on tackling climate change， "the ministry stressed.
To date，China has reached numerous（9） ______ （agreement） on climate cooperation with 38 developing countries.It has also offered training programs to some 2，300 officials and technicians （10） ______ （devote）themselves to climate-related positions in over 120 developing nations.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 上周，你校举办了关于"二十四节气"（the 24 solar terms）的讲座。请你写一篇报道，向校英文报投稿。内容包括：
（1）讲座情况；
（2）你的收获。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
______
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Andy loved to read.Even when he was a baby，his mother would hold him on her lap and show him picture books.The best part was when his mom or dad tucked him into bed and read to him.
Wherever he went，he always took along a book.When he went to his big brother's baseball game，everyone watched the players.Not Andy!He sat on the benches and looked at his books.
Everywhere Andy went，he carried a blue and white backpack.All of his friends put water，a snack or games in their backpacks.Not Andy!He put in books-lots and lots of books.There were so many books，and his backpack was so heavy that sometimes he couldn't even stand up straight!
His dad figured out a way to help Andy.Together，they built a little cart.They worked very hard on this and had lots of fun doing this together.It was the perfect size to carry all of his books.They painted the cart blue，and in big white letters，they wrote， "ANDY'S AMAZING BOOKS".His friends helped him decorate the cart with bright and colorful designs.They all thought it was so cool，which made Andy feel so proud.
Mrs.Rivera，his teacher，allowed Andy to leave his cart in the back of the classroom.When the children finished their work，they were allowed to go to see what books were in the cart for that day.There were usually books about space，soccer，animals，children from around the world，and many more.
Saturday was Andy's favorite day of the week.That was the day that he went to the public library with his parents.He couldn't wait to visit the library to see Mrs.Hamilton，the librarian.She was so friendly and helpful.She always showed him the new books in the children's section.After filling the cart，he asked his mom， "Can I get a library card today？" "Not yet!You are only one month from being 5 years old，" she replied.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Andy asked his mother， "On which Saturday am I going to get my very own library card？"
_______
When Andy woke up that Saturday morning，he was all excited to have his birthday party.
_______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段They and their mother are forced to move from their comfortable London home to a simple cottage in the country where their mother writes books to make ends meet.（他们和母亲被迫从伦敦舒适的家搬到乡下一所简陋的小屋，母亲在那里写书以维持生计。）可知，《铁路孩子》中的母亲是通过写作养家。A．By starting her writing career通过写作；B．By selling the comfortable house通过卖房子；C．By working at the railway通过在铁路工作；D．By washing clothes for the rich通过为富人洗衣服。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段In this book，the mother，Mrs March，is the glue that holds the family together through the Civil War as we follow the lives of her daughters，Jo，Meg，Amy and Beth.Their father is away serving as a Chaplain in the war and having lost their fortune，their mother must use all her resources to keep the family together，which she does remarkably well.（在这本书中，母亲马奇太太是南北战争期间维系家庭的粘合剂，我们跟随她的女儿乔、梅格、艾米和贝丝的生活。他们的父亲在战争中担任牧师，失去了财产，他们的母亲必须利用她所有的资源来维持家庭的团结，她做得非常好。）可知，《小妇人》是以战争时期为背景的。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Sometimes garrulous，rude and materialistic，yet strangely likeable，Mrs Bennet leads her five daughters，Jane，Elizabeth，Mary，Kitty and Lydia，to suitable marriages.Nothing will stand in her way although sometimes her rather full-on approach does scare away suitable suitors.Sometimes touching and at other times funny，it never fails to make me smile.（班纳特太太有时喋喋不休、粗鲁无礼、物质至上，但却出奇地讨人喜欢。她带领她的五个女儿--简、伊丽莎白、玛丽、基蒂和莉迪亚--找到了合适的婚姻。没有什么能阻挡她的脚步，尽管有时她全力以赴的方式确实吓跑了合适的追求者。有时感人，有时有趣，它总是让我微笑。）可知，《傲慢与偏见》是关于婚姻的。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四本书的情况。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】D、C、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段的many would say that it's normal for people at her age，Joan knew there had to be a better way. （很多人会说这对她这个年纪的人来说很正常）可知，人们通常认为琼的病对70多岁的人来说很常见。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段的Joan watched her mom take medication after medication，and she didn't want to end up that way.（琼看着妈妈一次又一次地服药，她不想以这种方式结束。） 可知，文中提到了琼的母亲是为了说明琼做出改变的动机。故选C。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段的Joan began with small changes，including walking，practicing yoga，and lifting weights.After six months of hard work，Joan was able to shed 45 pounds.Ever since she started working out and eating more healthily in 2017，this tough woman has managed to lose a total of 50 pounds!Her routine involves hitting the gym five days a week，doing weightlifting，and doing 15 to 30 minutes of sports.（琼开始做一些小的改变，包括散步、练习瑜伽和举重。经过六个月的努力，琼瘦了45磅。自从2017年开始锻炼并吃得更健康以来，这位坚强的女人已经成功地减掉了50磅！她的日常活动包括每周五天去健身房，举重，以及15到30分钟的运动。）可知，第四段主要讲述的是琼为获得健康所做的努力。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段的Now，Joan is inspiring women of all ages worldwide by proving to them that it's never too late to change.Her advice to other women who want to make a change but don't know how to is "to believe that it is possible!Even though you can't turn back the clock，you can wind it up again."（ 现在，琼正在激励全世界所有年龄段的女性，向她们证明改变永远不会太迟。她给其他想做出改变但不知道如何改变的女性的建议是"相信这是可能的！你无法让时钟反转，但你能重新上发条。"）可知，我们能从琼的故事看得出有志向的人能够实现目标，即B项（心之所愿，无所不成）。A．Where there is life，there is hope.哪里有生命，哪里就有希望；B．Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.心之所愿，无所不成；C．The good seaman is known in bad weather.坏天气下才知道好水手；D．All things are difficult before they are easy.万事开头难。故选B。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了70岁的琼•麦克唐的健康状况逐渐恶化，但她积极地做出改变激励了成千上万的人。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】A、C、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段…solitary dolphins are becoming more common.This can be a cause for concern because dolphins are naturally sociable creatures.（独自生活的海豚正变得越来越普遍。这可能是一个令人担忧的原因，因为海豚天生就是善于交际的生物。）可知，越来越多的海豚变得独自生活，这会让人担心。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段so if they are isolated from other dolphins，they may turn their attention to human interaction（所以如果它们与其他海豚隔离，它们可能会将注意力转向与人类进行互动） 及第三段的"Dolphins can become dependent on humans for food"（海豚会变得依赖人类获取食物）可知，海豚被隔离后可能依靠人类获取食物。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段Twenty-eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium，NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain，creating a barrier that would guide the dolphin out of the creek.（来自克利尔沃特海洋水族馆、NOAA和FWC的28名生物学家聚集在一起，组成了一个人链，创造了一个屏障，将海豚引导出小溪。）可知，人链的功能是引导海豚离开浅水区。所以"D．Guiding the dolphin out of the shallow water.引导海豚离开浅水区。"正确。故选D。
（4）段落大意题。根据倒数第二段Rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica said， "The goal was to just be a barrier that was novel to the animal，so we wanted to create a physical barrier as well as an auditory barrier.We had somebody behind us that was banging on a boat，setting off their engine and then we were splashing water and moving forward towards the animal，so we were giving the animal the option to swim through the bridge on its own."（ 救援生物学家Brittany Baldrica说，"我们的目标是成为一个对动物来说新颖的屏障，所以我们想创造一个物理屏障和听觉屏障。我们身后有人在敲船，启动他们的发动机，然后我们泼水，朝着动物前进，所以我们让动物可以选择自己游过大桥。"）可知，布列塔尼的话主要讲的是海豚获救的方式。所以"C．The way the dolphin was rescued.海豚获救的方式。"正确。故选C。
文章介绍了一只海豚在佛罗里达州的溪流中被发现后，海洋生物学家们组成了人类链条来营救它。文章指出，海豚通常会成群结队地旅行，但孤独的海豚越来越普遍，这可能会导致它们对人类的互动产生依赖，从而对海豚和人类都有危险。因此，当看到这只海豚已经孤独了几天，并且附近有潜在的人类干扰时，NOAA渔业服务决定采取行动。28名生物学家组成了人类链条，成功地将海豚引导出溪流。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】B、C、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段第二句The health advantages of natural fever to humans still have to be confirmed through research，but the researchers say because the mechanisms （机制） driving and sustaining fever are shared among animals，it is reasonable to expect that similar benefits are going to happen in humans. （自然发热对人类健康的好处还需要通过研究来证实，但研究人员表示，由于动物之间驱动和维持发烧的机制是相同的，因此有理由期待类似的好处也会发生在人类身上。）可知，关于自然发热对人类的健康益处还需要证明。故选B。
（2）词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句The research showed that natural fever offers an integrative response that not only activates defences against infection，but also helps curb it.（研究表明，自然发热提供了一种综合反应，不仅可以激活对感染的防御，还可以帮助抑制感染。）可知，划线词意思是"抑制"。结合选项A．Replace.替换；B．Explore.探索；C．Control.控制；D．Observe.观察。分析可知，C项与划线词意思最接近。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句The researchers found that fever helped to clear the fish of infection in about seven days—half the time it took for those animals not allowed to have fever. （研究人员发现，发烧可以帮助鱼在大约7天内清除感染，这是那些不允许发烧的动物所需时间的一半）可知，自然发热帮助鱼类缩短感染时间。故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。根据全文内容，结合文章第二段Researchers found that untreated mild fever helped fish clear their bodies of infection rapidly，control inflammation （炎症） and repair damaged tissue. "We let nature do what nature does，and in this case it is very much a positive thing，" says Daniel Barreda，lead author on the study. （研究人员发现，未经治疗的轻度发烧有助于鱼类迅速清除体内的感染，控制炎症，修复受损组织。该研究的主要作者丹尼尔•巴雷达说："我们让大自然顺其自然，在这种情况下，这是一件非常积极的事情。"）可知，文章主要说明了研究发现轻度发烧有助于鱼类迅速清除体内的感染，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。结合选项A．Nature does what it should do.自然会做它应该做的事；B．Mild fever is self-resolving.轻度发烧可自行消退；C．Animals share the mechanisms of fever.动物也有发烧的机制；D．Mild fever helps clear infections faster.轻度发烧有助于更快清除感染。分析可知，D选项符合文章的主旨。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现轻度发烧有助于鱼类迅速清除体内的感染，解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】C、G、A、D、E
【解析】（1）联系下文题。根据后文That is to say，what you eat matters.Healthy eating results in youthful skin，boosts energy levels and enhances the immune system，which reduces diseases.An unhealthy body increases the risk of diseases.When you are unwell，you will miss classes，which in turn affects your academic performance.Avoiding meals containing processed sugar is the best way to live a healthy life. （也就是说，你吃什么很重要。健康的饮食使皮肤年轻，提高能量水平，增强免疫系统，从而减少疾病。不健康的身体会增加患病的风险。当你身体不舒服时，你会缺课，这反过来会影响你的学习成绩。避免含有加工糖的食物是健康生活的最佳方式。）可知，本段主要是关于健康的饮食对健康生活方式的重要性，故C．A healthy lifestyle starts with a healthy diet（健康的生活方式始于健康的饮食）。符合语境，故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据上文Due to the high expectations placed on students，many experience high levels of stress. （由于对学生的高期望，许多人经历了高水平的压力。）以及后文Chronic （长期的） stress eventually leads to depression，irritability，anxiety，inability to concentrate and an increase in risky behavior. （慢性压力最终会导致抑郁、易怒、焦虑、无法集中注意力和危险行为的增加。）可知，上文提到了学生的压力来源，后文则说明了压力的危害，G选项中students对应上文students。故G．In fact，academic stress has become a lifestyle crisis affecting students at all levels（事实上，学业压力已经成为一种影响各级学生的生活方式危机）。符合语境，故选G。
（3）段落标题题。根据本段内容The phrase "too much of anything is poisonous" applies to the meals you eat.Eating more carbohydrates （碳水化合物） causes your blood sugar levels to get too high.Too much fat leads to obesity，and consuming excess proteins puts your kidneys at risk of failing.Avoid consuming too much of a specific meal by opting for a balanced diet. （"任何东西吃多了都是有毒的"这句话适用于你吃的食物。吃更多的碳水化合物会导致你的血糖水平过高。过多的脂肪会导致肥胖，摄入过多的蛋白质会使你的肾脏有衰竭的风险。选择均衡的饮食，避免某一餐吃得太多。）可知，本段主要说明了吃过了碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的危害，即要平衡这三者。故A．Balance proteins，fat and carbohydrates（平衡蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物）。符合语境，故选A。
（4）细节理解题。根据上文Although it's an essential part of a healthy lifestyle，working out regularly can be a struggle for most students with a busy schedule.（尽管这是健康生活方式的重要组成部分，但对于大多数日程繁忙的学生来说，定期锻炼可能是一件困难的事情。）以及后文A workout partner comes in to keep you responsible，offer companionship and give you the push you need to make physical activity part of your routine. （健身伙伴会让你有责任感，提供陪伴，给你推动力，让你把体育锻炼变成日常生活的一部分。）可知，上文提到了对学生来说定期锻炼的困难性，故本句继续说明其困难的具体表现：即使是把它作为新年决心的学生也经常放弃这个目标。故D．Even students who make it a New Year resolution often give up on the goal（即使是把它作为新年决心的学生也经常放弃这个目标）。符合语境，故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据标题Don't overcommit （不要过度投入），以及上文If you frequently overcommit，you will stretch yourself too thin and eventually spend less time on things that really matter.If you find yourself saying yes to every invitation because you don't want to disappoint your friends，the result will be you dealing with burnout. （如果你经常过度投入，你就会把自己拉得太紧，最终在真正重要的事情上花的时间就会变少。如果你发现自己因为不想让朋友失望而答应了每一个邀请，那么你就会感到精疲力竭。）可知，本段的主旨是避免过度投入，E选项中overcommitting对应上文overcommit。故E．So choose a healthy life and plan your time wisely to avoid overcommitting（因此，选择健康的生活方式，明智地规划你的时间，避免过度投入）。符合语境，故选E。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了保持健康生活方式的建议。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~35.【答案】C、A、D、B、C、D、A、B、C、A、D、B、C、A、D
【解析】（1）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.turned up出现；B.pulled over靠边停车；C.drove off开车离开；D.hung out闲逛，消磨时间。根据下文But at the same time，Harkrider was miles away in the direction，visiting a friend in Palestine.可知，Harkrider购物后，开车离开（drove off）超市后去拜访一个朋友。故选C项。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.new新的；B.big大的；C.cheap便宜的；D.fixed固定的。根据下文after hitting a pothole可知，车子轮胎出了问题，需要换一个新的（new）。故选A项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.accepted接受；B.selected选择；C.placed放置；D.spotted发现。根据上文65-year-old Dee Harkrider had just finished a shopping trip at her local Walmart and didn't realize she'd left her wallet in a shopping cart.可知，Harkrider把钱包落在了购物车里，而Johnson正好来到了这个停车场，发现（spotted）了购物车里的钱包。故选D项。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.challenge挑战；B.reaction反应；C.suggestion建议；D.mission任务。根据下文My （14）was to give back the wallet to whoever it belonged to.And I think that is the right thing for me to do.可知，发现钱包以后，Johnson立马想到要找到失主，reaction符合语境。故选B项。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.discovered发现；B.compared比较；C.checked检查；D.reported报告。根据下文He sent the lady a （n） （6），saying that he was driving north to her home in Wynne to （7）the wallet.可知，Johnson可以在Facebook上找到对方，并留言，是因为他检查了对方的驾照信息，checked符合语境。故选C项。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.invitation邀请；B.certificate证书；C.contract合同；D.message留言。根据下文But at the same time，Harkrider was miles away in the（8）direction，visiting a friend in Palestine.（9），Johnson made a U-turn and the pair （10）in a restaurant parking lot in Palestine.以及本句中的引号内的内容，可知，Johnson在Facebook上给Harkrider留了言（message），进行了互动交流。故填D项。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.return返回；B.search搜索；C.claim声称；D.recognize识别。根据上文His immediate （4）was， "I have to try to find out who this lady is and give her wallet back.句中的give…back与return同义，说明他要归还钱包。故选A项。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.given指定的；B.opposite相反的；C.wrong错误的；D.right正确的。根据上文Johnson （5）the driver's license to find her through Facebook.He sent the lady a （n）（6），saying that he was driving north to her home in Wynne to （7）the wallet.下文（9），Johnson made a U-turn and the pair （10）in a restaurant parking lot in Palestine.可知，Johnson本来正前往Harkrider家，现在要掉头，说明Harkrider在相反的方向。故选B项。
（9）考查副词及语境理解。A.Frequently经常；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Immediately立即；D.Actually实际上。根据上文He sent the lady a （n） （6），saying that he was driving north to her home in Wynne to （7）the wallet，Harkrider was miles away in the （8）direction，visiting a friend in Palestine.可知，通过Facebook的信息交流，Johnson知道Harkrider不在家，而是去拜访朋友了，所以立刻（Immediately）掉头去找她。故选C项。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.met相遇；B.argued争吵；C.parted分手；D.competed竞争。根据上文He sent the lady a （n） （6），saying that he was driving north to her home in Wynne to （7）the wallet.可知，约翰逊要还钱包就得与对方见面（met）。故选A项。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.worried忧虑的；B.calm冷静的；C.confused困惑的；D.grateful感恩的。根据上文He sent the lady a （n） （6），saying that he was driving north to her home in Wynne to （7）the wallet.9），Johnson made a U-turn and the pair （10）in a restaurant parking lot in Palestine.可知，Johnson不辞辛苦地把钱包送还给了Harkrider，所以她很感恩（grateful）。故选D项。
（12）考查名词/形容词及语境理解。A.income收入；B.age年龄；C.national国民的；D.racial种族的。根据第一段65-year-old Dee Harkrider had just finished a shopping trip at her local Walmart and didn't realize she'd left her wallet in a shopping cart.第二段Soon after she （1），Delivontae Johnson，19，drove his car into the lot of the same Walmart in Forrest City，Arkansas ，in need of a （2）tire after hitting a pothole （坑）.可知，俩人分别是65岁和19岁，年龄（age）不同。故选B项。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.judgment判断；B.plan计划；C.kindness善行；D.wish愿望。根据上文Despite the （12）difference，Harkrider has befriended Johnson and his family，who live in Forrest City.以及'People nowadays have a lot of bad things to say about teenagers，' Johnson says. 'My （14）was to give back the wallet to whoever it belonged to.And I think that is the right thing for me to do.I feel （15）now.可知，尽管很多人对部分青少年有微词，Johnson通过做这样一件善事（kindness），与Harkrider成了朋友，所以做好事令他开心。故选C项。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.concern关心的事；B.opportunity机会；C.regret遗憾；D.occupation职业。根据上文His immediate （4）was， 'I have to try to find out who this lady is and give her wallet back.' 可知，发现钱包以后，Johnson立马设法找失主，这是他的关心的事（concern）。故选A项。
（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.lucky幸运的；B.strong强的；C.unique独特的；D.joyful快乐的。根据上文'I gave him a big hug，' Harkrider said. 'I'm （11）that we have young people out there like him.' 以及'People nowadays have a lot of bad things to say about teenagers，' Johnson says. 'My （14）was to give back the wallet to whoever it belonged to.And I think that is the right thing for me to do.可知，Johnson得到了Harkrider的肯定和感激，所以很开心（joyful）。故选D项。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了19岁的Johnson在超市停车场发现了购物车里的钱包后，立马根据钱包里的驾照信息在Facebook上联系到失主，65岁的Dee Harkrider，亲自交到她手里，得到了老人的肯定。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。
36.【答案】【小题1】to assist
【小题2】and
【小题3】announced
【小题4】that/which
【小题5】prevention
【小题6】to
【小题7】Currently
【小题8】be delivered
【小题9】agreements
【小题10】devoting
【解析】（1）考查动词不定式。句意：据生态环境部表示，中国将很快向三个发展中国家提供一系列援助，以帮助他们加强应对气候变化的能力。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to assist。
（2）考查连词。句意："为了实施其在气候变化问题上加强南南合作的计划，中国将为太平洋岛国基里巴斯提供5000套家用太阳能发电系统和300吨用于海堤建设的水泥，"该部周二在一份媒体发布会上宣布。分析可知，5，000 sets of solar power generation systems for household use与300 metric tons of cement for seawall construction for the Pacific island nation of Kiribati之间为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
（3）考查时态。句意："为了实施其在气候变化问题上加强南南合作的计划，中国将为太平洋岛国基里巴斯提供5000套家用太阳能发电系统和300吨用于海堤建设的水泥，"该部周二在一份媒体发布会上宣布。根据后文时间状语on Tuesday可知，句子是在叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填announced。
（4）考查定语从句关系词。句意：一个可以接收和处理卫星数据的移动地面系统将抵达博茨瓦纳。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a mobile ground system，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
（5）考查不可数名词。句意：该系统将支持非洲国家进行环境监测、农业生产和预防极端天气灾害。分析可知，此处应用名词prevention"预防"作介词in的宾语，prevention为抽象名词，不可数。故填prevention。
（6）考查介词。句意：它还表示，中国将向哥斯达黎加发送六辆电动公交车，以促进该国在交通运输领域向绿色、低碳转型的努力。根据句意表示"把……发往……"，应用send sth.to…。故填to。
（7）考查副词。句意："目前，这三个项目的所有辅助设备都已完成生产。"外交部表示。分析可知，此处应用副词currently作状语，修饰后文整个句子，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Currently。
（8）考查语态。句意："所有的材料很快就会送到发货处。"分析可知，主语all the materials与谓语deliver之间为被动关系，结合上文will可知，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填be delivered。
（9）考查可数名词复数。句意：迄今为止，中国已与38个发展中国家达成多项气候合作协议。agreement在这里意为"协议"，是可数名词，根据修饰词numerous可知，此处应用其复数形式。故填agreements。
（10）考查现在分词。句意：它还为120多个发展中国家从事气候相关工作的约2300名官员和技术人员提供了培训项目。分析可知，此处应用非谓语形式作后置定语，动词devote与其逻辑主语officials and technicians之间构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语。故填devoting。
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国将很快向三个发展中国家提供一系列援助，以帮助他们加强应对气候变化的能力。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】To make students who love Chinese traditional culture have a deeper understanding of the 24 solar terms，our school organized a lecture given by an experienced expert last week.【高分句型一】（讲座目的）
To be honest，most students are lacking in specific knowledge of the 24 solar terms.The lecturer explained the origins of each term and what they stand for to the full length，winning tons of applause from the students present.（讲座情况）
What is most practical for me is the way each term is expressed in English，which is what I need badly.【高分句型二】I am sure it will serve me well in my study.（你的收获）
【解析】高分句型一：To make students who love Chinese traditional culture have a deeper understanding of the 24 solar terms，our school organized a lecture given by an experienced expert last week.
译文：为了让热爱中国传统文化的学生更深入地了解二十四节气，我校上周组织了一位经验丰富的专家的讲座。
分析：这句话使用了who引导的定语从句，given by an experienced expert last week是过去分词短语作定语。
高分句型二：What is most practical for me is the way each term is expressed in English，which is what I need badly.
译文：对我来说最实用的是每个术语的英语表达方式，这正是我迫切需要的。
分析：这句话中第一个what引导的主语从句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，第二个what引导的是表语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】 Andy asked his mother， "On which Saturday am I going to get my very own library card？" His mother explained that he had to wait until he was five years old.【高分句型一】She said， "Andy，we only have four more Saturdays to go." Andy couldn't wait to get his own library card!Soon，he would have it，and his name would be in big letters on the top.There were so many books in the children's section.How was he ever going to finish reading all of them？Andy's birthday was almost here.He invited his best friend，Terrell，to his party because they had so much fun together.【高分句型二】（描写Andy想尽快拿到借书证以及他邀请朋友来过生日。）
When Andy woke up that Saturday morning，he was all excited to have his birthday party.He was now five years old.When it was almost time，all of his friends came.They played games，had snacks and ate the birthday cake.A woman came through the door and it was Mrs.Hamilton，the librarian.Andy was so excited.She then gave Andy a white envelope that had his name on the front.Then all the children watched as Andy tore the envelope open and what a surprise：he received his very own library card with his name.Oh，how happy Andy was!（描写Andy和朋友过生日的场景以及Andy拿到借书证。）
【解析】 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Andy喜欢读书，无论走到哪里，他总是随身带着一本书。为此他爸爸想到了一个办法来帮助Andy，他们一起造了一辆小推车，老师还允许他把小推车放在教室后面，供同学们一起阅读各类书籍。Andy一直希望拿到自己的借书证，最后，在Andy满五岁这天终于拿到了自己的图书馆借书证。
高分句型一 His mother explained that he had to wait until he was five years old.
翻译：他的母亲解释说，他必须等到五岁。
分析：句中使用了that引导宾语从句。
高分句型二 He invited his best friend，Terrell，to his party because they had so much fun together.
翻译：他邀请他最好的朋友Terrell参加他的聚会，因为他们在一起玩得很开心。
分析：句中使用了because引导原因状语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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