专题10 语法填空专项训练——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末知识点精讲+训练学案（外研版2019）

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人际关系
专题10 单元主题语法填空专项训练


(2023秋·广西钦州·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Friendship is a kind of treasure in our lives. It is actually like a bottle of wine. The longer it___1___ (keep), the sweeter it will be. It is also like a cup of tea. When we are thirsty, it will be our best ___2___ (choose), but when we have enough time to enjoy ourselves, it is also the most fragrant drink.
However, in this fast-developing modern society, the reality is not that. More and more people forget ___3___ (enjoy) the beauty of life and the beauty of friendship; they work hard in order to gain a ___4___ (high) position in society and to earn more money for their work. Of course, we don’t deny that it is important to find a better place in our ___5___ (life), but we wish more and more people could pay a little more attention ___6___ themselves and their friends. All of us have to spare some time for personal lives. We have to find the chance to express our emotion and love. When ___7___ (stay) with our friends, we can release ourselves ___8___ (complete). We can do whatever we want, we can laugh together, talk together, ___9___ even cry together. I should say that being together with our best friends is the most wonderful moment of our lives.
As we know, we would feel lonely if we didn’t even have a friend, but it doesn’t mean we could depend on our friends all the time. There is ____10____famous motto saying that “A friend is like a quilt with cotton wadding, but the real thing that keeps you warm is your own temperature.”
【答案】
1．is kept 2．choice 3．to enjoy 4．higher 5．lives 6．to 7．staying 8．completely 9．and 10．a
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了友谊的重要性，并呼吁大家在竞争激烈的社会不忘关注友谊。
1．考查时态语态。句意：它保存的时间越长，就会越甜。主语it与keep构成被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is kept。
2．考查名词。句意：当我们渴了时，它是我们最好的选择。根据“our best”可知，此处需要名词choice，作表语，此处“最好的选择”指一个，应用单数。故填choice。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：越来越多的人忘记了享受生活的美好和友谊的美好；他们努力工作是为了在社会上获得更高的地位，并为他们的工作赚更多的钱。表示“忘记要做某事”短语为forget to do sth.。故填to enjoy。
4．考查比较级。句意：越来越多的人忘记了享受生活的美好和友谊的美好；他们努力工作是为了在社会上获得更高的地位，并为他们的工作赚更多的钱。根据后文more money以及句意“更高的”应用比较级higher。故填higher。
5．考查名词的数。句意：当然，我们不否认在我们的生活中找到一个更好的地方是很重要的，但是我们希望越来越多的人能多关注自己和他们的朋友。life为可数名词，由our可知应用复数形式。故填lives。
6．考查介词。句意：当然，我们不否认在我们的生活中找到一个更好的地方是很重要的，但是我们希望越来越多的人能多关注自己和他们的朋友。短语pay attention to sb./sth.，表示“关注，专注于”，符合题意。故填to。
7．考查省略句。句意：当我们和朋友在一起时，我们可以完全释放自己。在when引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，相当于省略了we are。故填staying。
8．考查副词。句意：当和朋友待在一起时，我们可以完全地释放自己。根据“release ourselves ”可知，此处需要副词修饰动词。故填completely。
9．考查连词。句意：我们可以做任何我们想做的事，我们可以一起笑，一起说，甚至一起哭。此处laugh、talk和cry为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
10．考查冠词。句意：有一句著名的格言说：“朋友就像裹着棉絮的被子，但真正让你温暖的是你自己的温度。”motto为可数名词，表泛指且famous是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。

(2023秋·河北石家庄·高一校考期末）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sometimes we have a fight ____1____ a friend. Many times, you find that you even forget what the fight was about. You just seem to be ____2____ (anger), and then stop ____3____ (talk) to each other. Time goes by and you realize that you miss ____4____ friendship, and wish you could talk to your friend again. And ____5____ (probable) your friend feels the same way as you do. So how can you get out of the fight without ____6____ (hurt) your feelings?
Leave the argument alone, and avoid communication. If you talk right after fight, you will say many words out of anger. However, do not wait too long. It will become hard ____7____ (make) up the relationship after too long waiting. So after the fight calms down, make sure you talk to the person before it is too late. Say sorry if you should take the ____8____ (responsible) for the fight.
Maybe it is your friend’s fault(过错) and you have done nothing wrong. In that case, wait until he ____9____ (say) he is sorry! And if he doesn’t, he’s not worth your time. You can spend the time with other friends ____10____ have great regard for your friendship.
【答案】
1．with 2．angry 3．talking 4．the 5．probably 6．hurting 7．to make 8．responsibility 9．says 10．that/who
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了和朋友吵架时，应该如何做。
1．考查介词。句意：有时候我们会和朋友吵架。have a fight with sb.固定搭配，意为“和某人打架”，故填with。
2．考查形容词。句意：你只是看起来很生气，然后就不跟对方说话了。此次应用形容词angry作表语，故填angry。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：你只是看起来很生气，然后就不跟对方说话了。stop doing sth.固定搭配，意为“停止做某事”，故填talking。
4．考查冠词。句意：随着时间的流逝，你意识到你错过了友谊，并希望你能再次与你的朋友交谈。此处特指上文提到的你和朋友之间的友谊，应用定冠词the来修饰，故填the。
5．考查副词。句意：也许你的朋友和你有同样的感觉。此处应用副词probably作状语，修饰整个句子，故填probably。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：那么你怎样才能在不伤害自己感情的情况下停止吵架呢？介词without后面应用动名词作宾语，故填hurting。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在等待太久之后，要弥补这段关系会变得很困难。it is+形容词+to do，意为“做某事是……”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故填to make。
8．考查名词。句意：如果你要为这场斗争负责，就说声对不起。此处应用名词作宾语，take the responsibility for sth.“为……承担责任”，故填responsibility。
9．考查时态。句意：这样的话，等他说对不起吧！空处在until引导的状语从句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，且主语为he，故填says。
10．考查定语从句。句意：你可以和其他非常重视你们友谊的朋友一起度过这段时间。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词friends，指人，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that/who，故填that/who。

(2023秋·湖南益阳·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tim and I talked a lot about his problems today, and I’m so glad that I could help my best friend. It also left me thinking about what it really means to be a “good friend”. In my opinion, the following qualities form___1___oasis of a friendship.
A good friend needs to be supportive. I always respect and support all the___2___(choose) he makes and encourage him___3___(take) action to get over difficulties. I can see that Tim___4___(make)great progress in balancing his project and his schoolwork since he came to high school. A good friend also needs to be selfless. Tim is the person_____5_____I should try my best to help, even if it means more work for me. When he’s struggling_____6_____his schoolwork, I____7____(definite)do all I can to help him become a more efficient learner. I’m sure that Tim would do the same for me. To me，a good friend brings out the best in a person. After____8____(chat) with Tim, I know that our friendship will grow_____9_____(strong) than ever. I’ll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure______10______(I) by these standards as our friendship develops.
【答案】
1．the 2．choices 3．to take 4．has made 5．who/whom/that 6．with 7．definitely 8．chatting 9．stronger 10．myself
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了蒂姆和作者深厚的友谊，以及真正好朋友的品质。
1．考查冠词。句意：在我看来，以下品质构成了友谊的绿洲。oasis此处特指友谊的绿洲应用定冠词。故填the。
2．考查名词。句意：我一直尊重和支持他所做的一切选择，并鼓励他采取行动克服困难。此处作宾语，且由all修饰，应用复数名词choices。故填choices。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我一直尊重和支持他所做的一切选择，并鼓励他采取行动克服困难。短语encourage sb. to do sth.表示“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to take。
4．考查时态。句意：我可以看到，自从蒂姆上高中以来，他在平衡他的项目和学业方面取得了很大的进步。根据后文since he came to high school可知用现在完成时。故填has made。
5．考查定语从句。句意：蒂姆就是那个我应该尽力帮助的人，即使这意味着我要做更多的工作。定语从句修饰先行词person，从句缺少宾语，指人，故填who/whom/that。
6．考查介词。句意：当他在学习上遇到困难时，我肯定会尽我所能帮助他成为一个更有效的学习者。短语struggle with表示“与……斗争”。故填with。
7．考查副词。句意：当他在学习上遇到困难时，我肯定会尽我所能帮助他成为一个更有效的学习者。修饰动词do应用副词definitely，作状语。故填definitely。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在和蒂姆聊天之后，我知道我们的友谊会比以往任何时候都更加牢固。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填chatting。
9．考查比较级。句意：在和蒂姆聊天之后，我知道我们的友谊会比以往任何时候都更加牢固。根据后文than ever可知应用比较级。故填stronger。
10．考查代词。句意：我会一直重视好朋友的这些品质，并在我们友谊发展的过程中，试着用这些标准来衡量自己。此处表示衡量“我自己”应用反身代词myself。故填myself。

(2023秋·山西朔州·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Even if all goes well for you in high school9 that time of life still can be tough. After all, there's so much for you to learn academically (学术上地) and ___1___(social), like getting along with classmates, and dealing with teachers. But of all the challenges, ___2___（make）good friends might be the most important.
According to a new study published in the journal Child Development, best friends likely had a significant influence on how you behave in your 20s. Researchers found that those with strong, close bonds (联系) with their friends at age fifteen ___3___(be) more likely to be healthy and happy later. Importantly, popularity, defined (定义) as lots of people liking you generally but not closely, wasn't found to have the same benefit as close friends.
The University of Virginia researchers who ____4____(run) the study followed 169 subjects aged 15 to 25 every year for ___5___ decade (十年). Then the researchers analysed (分析) the 10 years of information ___6___(understand) how people handled stress over time. They found that, compared to people with strong high school friendships, those __7__ were merely popular did much worse on several measures of mental health, such as self-worth, social acceptance ____8____ relaxation.
“Being liked by a large group of people cannot take the place of building deep, ___9___(support) friendships. So trying to build a close ____10____(connect) with a few people should be a priority (优先考虑的事情), ” wrote Joseph Allen, who coauthored the study.
【答案】
1．socially 2．making 3．were 4．ran 5．a 6．to understand 7．who 8．and/or 9．supportive 10．connection
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究发现，高中阶段交好友十分重要。
1．考查副词。句意：毕竟，在学术和社交方面，你有很多东西要学，比如如何与同学相处，如何与老师相处。根据并列连词and前的academically可知，用副词修饰动词learn，social的副词是socially，意为“在社交方面”。故填socially。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：但在所有的挑战中，结交好朋友可能是最重要的。此处是动名词作主语。故填making。
3．考查主谓一致。句意：研究人员发现，那些在15岁时和朋友关系密切的人，以后更有可能健康快乐。句子主语为复数those，根据前文found可知，事情发生在过去，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，主语those是复数，因此空格处用were。故填were。
4．考查时态。句意：弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员在10年的时间里，每年跟踪调查了169名年龄在15岁至25岁之间的受试者。根据followed可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填ran。
5．考查冠词。句意：弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员在10年的时间里，每年跟踪调查了169名年龄在15岁至25岁之间的受试者。a decade意为“十年”。故填a。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，研究人员分析了这10年的信息，以了解人们如何随着时间的推移处理压力。根据上文“the researchers analysed (分析) the 10 years of information”可知，空格处用不定式表示目的。故填to understand。
7．考查定语从句。句意：他们发现，与那些在高中时拥有深厚友谊的人相比，那些仅仅是受欢迎的人在自我价值、社会接受度和/或放松度等几项心理健康指标上表现得更差。分析可知，空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为those，指代人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。
8．考查连词。句意：他们发现，与那些在高中时拥有深厚友谊的人相比，那些仅仅是受欢迎的人在自我价值、社会接受度和/或放松度等几项心理健康指标上表现得更差。由“self-worth, social acceptance”和“relaxation”可知，前后表并列，用and或or连接。故填and/or。
9．考查形容词。句意：被一大群人喜欢并不能取代建立深厚的、相互支持的友谊。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词friendships，support的形容词是supportive，意为“支持的”。故填supportive。
10．考查名词。句意：因此，与少数人建立密切联系应该是优先考虑的事情。close是形容词，修饰名词，connect的名词是connection，意为“联系”，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填connection。

(2023秋·江西宜春·高一江西省丰城中学校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Plenty of kids let go of balloons, ___1___ accidentally or in hopes of sending a message and seeing where it ends up. This story begins just like any other, but ends in a ___2___ (surprise) way.
In 2001, a young girl in Staffordshire, England, took a balloon, wrote “Please return to Laura Buxton”, along with her address, on it, ___3___ let it go. The balloon traveled around 1.6 kilometers and ended up on a farm in Wiltshire, ___4___ a farmer found it — and realized the name on the balloon was familiar ___5___ him. One of his neighbors had a daughter named Laura Buxton. He brought the balloon to the Buxton family, and this Laura wrote to the first Laura’s address, which was on the balloon, ___6___ (explain) how she’d ended up with it. The Lauras’ parents eventually arranged for their daughters ___7___ (meet).
And strange discoveries ___8___ (keep) coming. The Lauras discovered that, in addition to their matching names, they were also ___9___ (near) the same age (one was 10, one was about to turn 10) and both had a pet black lab, a rabbit and a guinea pig. Seriously! After the girls met, they ended up developing a ____10____ (friend) and remained friends; they told their story together on a podcast in 2009. Pretty cool, right?
【答案】
1．either 2．surprising 3．and 4．where 5．to 6．explaining 7．to meet 8．kept 9．nearly 10．friendship
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个名叫Laura的女孩在气球上写下自己的地址后，放飞了气球。后来气球到了一个和她同名的女孩手里，她们见了面，成了朋友。
1．考查固定搭配。句意：很多孩子放飞了手中的气球，无意地或是希望传递某种信息，看看最终结果是怎样的。根据句子结构可知，此处表示“或者……或者……”，应使用固定搭配either A or B。故填either。
2．考查形容词。句意：这个故事的开头和其他故事一样，但以一种令人惊讶的方式结束。结合语境可知，设空处在名词way(表示抽象事物)之前，应用提示动词的-ing结尾形容词形式，充当定语。故填surprising。
3．考查连词。句意：2001年，英国斯塔福德郡的一个小女孩拿了一个气球，在气球上写着“请回到劳拉·巴克斯顿身边”和她的地址，然后放飞了它。结合语境可知，空格后的let it go与“took a balloon”及“wrote “Please return to Laura Buxton””为并列谓语动词，表动作的顺接。故填and。
4．考查定语从句。句意：气球飞行了大约1.6公里，最后停在威尔特郡的一个农场，一位农民发现了它，并意识到气球上的名字对他来说很熟悉。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为farm，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
5．考查介词。句意：气球飞行了大约1.6公里，最后停在威尔特郡的一个农场，一位农民发现了它，并意识到气球上的名字对他来说很熟悉。由句意可知，此处表示“（某物）对某人来说很熟悉”，应使用固定短语be familiar to，注意与形近短语be familiar with sth(某人对某物很熟悉)的区别。故填to。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他把气球带到巴克斯顿家，通过气球上写的地址，这个劳拉给第一个劳拉写了封信，解释她是如何得到它的。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语，应用非谓语动词形式；提示词与其逻辑主语this Laura之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作状语。故填explaining。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：劳拉夫妇的父母最终安排他们的女儿见面。根据句意可知，此处为固定搭配arrange for sb to do sth，意为“安排某人做某事”，且提示词与宾语之间为主动关系。故填to meet。
8．考查动词时态。句意：各种奇怪的发现接踵而至。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。结合句意可知，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，主语与提示词之间为主动关系。故填kept。
9．考查副词。句意：劳拉夫妇发现，除了名字相同之外，她们的年龄也几乎相同(一个10岁，一个即将10岁)，而且都养了一只黑色拉布拉多、一只兔子和一只豚鼠。此处应使用副词，修饰动词，作状语，表示“几乎；将近”。故填nearly。
10．考查名词。句意：这两个女孩相遇后，她们最终结成了一段友谊，并一直是朋友；2009年，他们在播客上一起讲述了自己的故事。根据句意及空格前的develop可知，此处应使用提示词的同根名词作宾语，表示“结下深厚的友谊”。故填friendship。

(2023秋·江苏徐州·高一沛县湖西中学校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The story goes that two friends were walking through the desert. During some point of the journey they had an ____1____(argue), and one friend slapped (掴) the other in the face.
The one who got slapped was hurt, but without ____2____(say) anything, he wrote in the sand: “Today my best friend slapped me in the face.” They kept on walking until they found an oasis (绿洲), where they decided ____3____(take) a bath. The one who had been slapped got ____4____(stick) in the mire (泥潭) and started sinking, but the friend saved him.
After he recovered ____5____ the trouble, he wrote on a stone: “Today my best friend saved my life.”
The friend who had slapped and saved his best friend asked him, “After I hurt you, you wrote in the sand and now you write on a stone. Why?”
____6____ other friend replied; “When someone hurts us, we should write it down in the sand where winds of forgiveness can erase it away. But when someone does something good for ____7____(we), we must engrave it in a stone ____8____ the wind can ever erase it.”
Learn to write your hurts in the sand and to carve your ____9____ (benefit) in the stone. They say it takes a minute to find a special person, an hour to appreciate them, a day to love them, ____10____ a whole life to forget them.
【答案】
1．argument 2．saying 3．to take 4．stuck 5．from 6．The 7．us 8．where 9．benefits 10．but
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文通过两位朋友的故事，歌颂了宽容这种美德。无论是对待朋友还是对待陌生人，我们都要记住别人对我们的帮助，而要忘记曾经受到的伤害。
1．考查名词。句意：途中，他们突然争吵起来，其中一个一巴掌扇在另一个人的脸上。分析句子，设空处应该使用argue的名词argument作宾语。其意为“争论”。故填argument。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：被扇的那个人受伤了，但他一句话也没说，只是在沙子上写道：“今天我最好的朋友扇了我一个耳光。”分析句子，设空处置于介词without之后，设空处应该使用say的动名词saying作宾语。故填saying。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们继续走，直到发现一片绿洲，他们决定洗个澡。句中decide to do为固定短语，意为“决定去做某事”。故填to take。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：被打的那个人陷在泥潭里，开始往下沉，但他的朋友救了他。句中get stuck in为固定短语，意为“陷入”。故填stuck。
5．考查介词。句意：他醒过来后，就在一块石头上写道：“今天我最好的朋友救了我的命。”句中recover from为固定短语，意为“从……恢复”。故填from。
6．考查冠词。句意：另一个朋友回答说：“当有人伤害了我们，我们应该把它写在沙子上，宽恕的风会把它抹去。”分析句子，此处表示“另外一个”用the other，其表示“两者当中的另一个”。同时，该空置于句首，首字母要大写。故填The。
7．考查代词。句意：但是当有人为我们做了好事，我们必须把它刻在石头上，这样风就不会把它抹去。分析句子，设空处置于for之后应该使用代词宾格作宾语。we的宾格为us。故填us。
8．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，表示“在石头上”。故填where。
9．考查名词。句意：学会把所受的伤害写在沙子上，把所受的恩惠刻在石头上。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作宾语。benefit为名词，意为“好处”，此处表示复数意义。故填benefits。
10．考查连词。句意：人们常说发现一个特别的人需要一分钟，欣赏一个人需要一个小时，爱上一个人需要一天，而忘记一个人却需要你一生的时间。分析句子，设空处使用连词，连接前后两个句子，同时此处表示转折关系。故填but。

(2023秋·安徽芜湖·高一芜湖一中校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Teenagers develop in many ways, including their physical changes like gaining weight, growing taller, getting ___1___(deep) voices, and gaining weight.
As to mental changes, they feel lonely as if nobody could understand ___2___(they). On one hand, some teenagers struggle to be ___3___(independence) of their parents, take responsibility, and make their own ___4___(decision). On the other hand, they still need their parents’ love and support, and want to be a part of the group. As ___5___result, a broken relationship often happens between teenagers and parents, ___6___(lead) to a lot of tensions. So ___7___(deal) with such problems, they should communicate more with each other regularly and ___8___(honest).
Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress ___9___ parent-child tensions create. The good news is that the growing pains don’t last long and in the end everything ____10____(turn) out all right.
【答案】
1．deeper 2．them 3．independent 4．decisions 5．a 6．leading 7．to deal 8．honestly 9．which/ that 10．will turn
【分析】这是一篇说明文。青少年在身体和心理上都会发生变化。文章介绍了青少年精神上的变化以及和父母关系的变化。
1．考查比较级。句意：青少年有很多方面的发展，包括他们的身体变化，比如体重增加，长高，声音变低沉，体重增加。根据上文“growing taller”可知表示“更低沉”应用比较级deeper。故填deeper。
2．考查代词。句意：至于精神上的变化，他们感到孤独，好像没有人能理解他们。作动词understand宾语，应用代词them。故填them。
3．考查形容词。句意：一方面，一些青少年努力独立于父母，承担责任，做出自己的决定。根据上文be可知应填形容词independent，作表语。故填independent。
4．考查名词的数。句意：一方面，一些青少年努力独立于父母，承担责任，做出自己的决定。decision为可数名词，根据上文their可知数量大于一，应用复数。故填decisions。
5．考查冠词。句意：因此，青少年和父母之间的关系经常破裂，导致很多紧张。根据句意表示“因此”短语为as a result。故填a。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，青少年和父母之间的关系经常破裂，导致很多紧张。分析句子结构可知lead在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语 a broken relationship构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填leading。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，为了处理这些问题，他们应该更多地定期和诚实地相互交流。分析句子结构可知deal在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，故应用不定式。故填to deal。
8．考查副词。句意：因此，为了处理这些问题，他们应该更多地定期和诚实地相互交流。修饰动词communicate应用副词honestly，作状语。故填honestly。
9．考查定语从句。句意：只要记住，与父母与孩子之间的紧张关系所造成的压力作斗争是完全正常的。此处为定语从句修饰先行词stress，先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/ that。
10．考查动词时态。句意：好消息是，成长的痛苦不会持续太久，最终一切都会好起来的。表示将来的动作应用一般将来时。故填will turn。

服务他人


(2023秋·广西贵港·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you heard of community fridges? These are spaces ____1____ locals can share food with one another and save fresh food ____2____ going to waste.
The Community Fridge Network ____3____(connect) 300 community fridges across the UK. It offers guidance to people ____4____(look) to set up their own fridges, and support to groups running fridges. The fridges are open to everyone. Of course, there are some ____5____(rule) for what can and cannot be shared in order to keep things safe. But otherwise, you’re welcome ____6____(take) what you need, and leave anything that might otherwise end up in the waste bin.
According to ____7____ survey by the Food Foundation, in April 2022, 15. 5 percent of UK households were food insecure, meaning that they ate ____8____(little) than normal or went a day without food because they could not access, ____9____ afford food.
The benefit of community fridges has never been clearer. In difficult times, as all costs are increasing ____10____(significant), it is known that communities are coming together and helping each other as much as they can.
【答案】
1．where 2．from 3．connects 4．looking 5．rules 6．to take 7．a 8．less 9．or 80．significantly
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了什么是社区冰箱，以及社区冰箱的好处。
1．考查定语从句关系词。句意：在这些空间里，当地人可以互相分享食物，节省新鲜食物，避免浪费。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句中结构完整，应用关系副词引导，先行词是spaces在从句中做地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
2．考查介词。句意：在这些空间里，当地人可以互相分享食物，节省新鲜食物，避免浪费。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定短语：save...from...意为“使免遭”。故填from。
3．考查主谓一致。句意：社区冰箱网络连接了全英国300个社区冰箱。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以connect做本句谓语，主语是The Community Fridge Network，为第三人称单数，描述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时。故填connects。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：它为想要安装自己冰箱的人提供指导，并为经营冰箱的团体提供支持。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词offer，所以look应该用非谓语形式，look与逻辑主语people是主动滚下，应该用现在分词做后置定语。故填looking。
5．考查名词。句意：当然，为了保证安全，有一些规则规定什么可以分享，什么不能分享。分析句子可知，空处填名词作主语，some可修饰名词复数，rule为可数名词。故填rules。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：但除此之外，欢迎你拿走你需要的东西，留下任何否则会被扔进垃圾桶的东西。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词are，所以此处是固定搭配：be welcome to do sth.意为“欢迎做某事”。故填to take。
7．考查冠词。句意：根据在2022年4月15日食品基金会的一项调查5%的英国家庭食物不安全，这意味着他们吃得比平时少，或者一天没有食物，因为他们无法获得或负担得起食物。分析句子结构可知，survey是可数名词，句中用的单数，根据句意表示泛指，应该用不定冠词修饰，为辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
8．考查形容词。句意：根据在2022年4月15日食品基金会的一项调查5%的英国家庭食物不安全，这意味着他们吃得比平时少，或者一天没有食物，因为他们无法获得或负担得起食物。分析句子结构可知，根据空后的than可知，此处应该用比较级。故填less。
9．考查连词。句意：根据在2022年4月15日食品基金会的一项调查，5%的英国家庭食物不安全，这意味着他们吃得比平时少，或者一天没有食物，因为他们无法获得或负担得起食物。分析句子结构可知，access和afford两者在句子成分上是并列关系，应该用连词连接，又本句是否定句，表选择，应该用or。故填or。
10．考查名词。句意：在困难时期，几乎所有的成本都大大增加，众所周知，社区正在团结起来，尽可能地互相帮助。修饰动词increasing用副词作状语，故填significantly。

(2023秋·广东茂名·高一统考期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Small Friends Pet Shelter was started by a group of high school students and ____1____(them) parents when they started to see many pets that were left behind after their families ____2____(move) away. Today, there are about 70 cats, 50dogs, three rabbits, and a few turtles ____3____(live) at the shelter. The young people ____4____run the shelter work hard ____5____(keep) the place clean, take care of the animals, and advertise the animals so that they can be adopted.
They have already helped to find ____6____(home) for nearly 200 animals. It is hard work, but ____7____young people working at the shelter think it is worth it.
So if you find a pet that ____8____(lose), call the young people ____9____Small Friends Pet Shelter! And if you want to help out, go and volunteer your time and love. That is what the animals _____10_____(real) need most.
【答案】
1．their 2．moved 3．living 4．who/that 5．to keep 6．homes 7．the 8．is lost 9．at 90．really
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了“小朋友宠物收容所”是由一群高中生和他们的父母创办的，因为他们开始看到许多宠物在他们的家人搬走后被留在了家里。如今，大约有70只猫、50只狗、3只兔子和一些乌龟住在这个庇护所里。管理收容所的年轻人努力工作，保持地方清洁，照顾动物，为动物做广告，这样它们就可以被收养。
1．考查代词。句意：“小朋友宠物收容所”是由一群高中生和他们的父母创办的，因为他们开始看到许多宠物在他们的家人搬走后被留在了家里。修饰名词parents应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
2．考查时态。句意：“小朋友宠物收容所”是由一群高中生和他们的父母创办的，因为他们开始看到许多宠物在他们的家人搬走后被留在了家里。根据上文were可知为一般过去时。故填moved。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，大约有70只猫、50只狗、3只兔子和一些乌龟住在这个收容所里。分析句子结构可知live与逻辑主语70 cats, 50dogs, three rabbits, and a few turtles构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填living。
4．考查定语从句。句意：管理收容所的年轻人努力工作，保持地方清洁，照顾动物，为动物做广告，这样它们就可以被收养。定语从句修饰先行词people，在从句中作主语，指人，故填who/that。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：管理收容所的年轻人努力工作，保持地方清洁，照顾动物，为动物做广告，这样它们就可以被收养。此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to keep。
6．考查名词的数。句意：他们已经帮助近200只动物找到了家园。home为可数名词，根据后文for nearly 200 animals可知用复数形式。故填homes。
7．考查冠词。句意：这是一项艰苦的工作，但在收容所工作的年轻人认为这是值得的。此处特指在收容所工作的年轻人，应用定冠词。故填the。
8．考查固定短语。句意：所以，如果你发现一只走失的宠物，请找“小朋友宠物收容所”的年轻人！表示“走失”应用be lost，结合上文find可知为一般现在时，定语从句谓语与先行词pet保持一致，用单数。故填is lost。
9．考查介词。句意：所以，如果你发现一只走失的宠物，请找“小朋友宠物收容所”的年轻人！call sb at somewhere表示“短暂登门拜访（找）某人”，故填at。
10．考查副词。句意：这是动物们最需要的。修饰动词need应用副词really，作状语。故填really。

(2023秋·吉林·高一校联考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the southern Turkish city of Antakya, a pregnant woman under the rubble (碎石) of a collapsed building ____1____ (pull) out to safety by Chinese and local rescue teams on Thursday, three days after the catastrophic magnitude-7.7 earthquake and its aftershocks ____2____ (strike) the country and northern Syria.
People who lost their homes looked for temporary shelter and food in freezing winter weather and waited by piles of rubble ____3____ family and friends might still lie ____4____ (bury). The death toll in Türkiye ____5____ (rise) to 14,351 so far.
The Chinese rescue team, consisting of 82 members rushed to one of the worst-hit ____6____ (area) in Türkiye as soon as they landed at the Adana international airport on Wednesday.
____7____ (arrive) at the scene, the Chinese rescuers immediately joined their Turkish partners to carry out ____8____ rescue plan and saved the woman, according to Zhao Yang, deputy leader of the Chinese rescue team.
The team sent by the Chinese government set to join the international rescue effort. As of midday Thursday, 10 Chinese civilian teams ____9____ places including south China’s Shenzhen and Wenzhou have already departed for or arrived in Türkiye _____10_____ (help) with the rescue work.
【答案】
1．was pulled 2．struck 3．where 4．buried 5．has risen 6．areas 7．Arriving 8．a 9．from 10．to help
【分析】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国救援队援驰土耳其地震灾区的事情。
1．考查谓语动词。句意：星期四，在土耳其南部城市安塔基亚，一名孕妇在倒塌的建筑废墟下被中国和当地救援队救出安全地带，三天前，灾难性的7.7级地震及其余震袭击了该国和叙利亚北部。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，句子主语a pregnant woman和动词pull是被动关系，所以谓语用一般过去时的被动结构。主语是a pregnant woman，be动词用was。故填was pulled。
2．考查谓语动词。句意：见第1题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时。故填struck。
3．考查定语从句。句意：失去家园的人们在寒冷的冬天寻找临时住所和食物，在成堆的废墟旁等待，他们的家人和朋友可能仍然被埋在地下。分析句子结构和意思可知，family and friends might still lie 　　4　　 (bury).是定语从句，先行词piles of rubble在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：见第3题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词bury和被修饰的名词family and friends是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，作伴随状语。故填buried。
5．考查谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，土耳其的死亡人数达到14351人。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话有so far作时间状语，所以谓语用现在完成时，主语是The death toll，助动词用has。故填has risen。
6．考查名词的数。句意：周三，由82名队员组成的中国救援队在阿达纳国际机场降落后，立即赶往土耳其受灾最严重的地区之一。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里要用名词的复数形式，表示泛指。one of+名词复数，意为“...之一”。故填areas。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：据中国救援队副队长赵阳介绍，中国救援人员抵达现场后，立即与土耳其合作伙伴一起实施了一项救援计划，并救出了这名女子。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词arrive是句子主语the Chinese rescuers主动发出的动作，和谓语动词joined几乎同时发生，所以用现在分词形式，表示主动和同时。故填Arriving。
8．考查冠词。句意：见第7题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里的名词plan是表示泛指，“一个”的意思，空格后rescue的第一个音素是辅音音素，所以用a。故填a。
9．考查介词。句意：截至周四中午，来自中国南部深圳和温州等地的10支中国民间救援队已经出发或抵达土耳其，协助救援工作。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词from，意为“来自于……”。故填from。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：见第9题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help。

(2023秋·四川雅安·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On the football field, it doesn’t always matter what team people are on. When a player is ____1____ need, everyone answers the call.
A Pennsylvania high school football team and ____2____ (they) coaches showed a great act of kindness for a member of the opposing (对手的) team after a recent game. The game was ____3____ (real) a fight to the finish, but these people came together to provide encouragement for a greater fight ahead.
____4____ two teams are Avon Grove High School and Coatesville High School. During a Friday night game, both teams turned up at midfield with the purpose of ____5____ (give) Gavin Picard balloons and a gift. Gavin, ____6____ plays for Avon Grove, was recently diagnosed (诊断) with cancer.
Rachel Taylor Wilson, one of Gavin’s ____7____ (classmate), shared her thoughts about the support for Gavin on the social media. “____8____ (show) Gavin Picard the kind support, Coatesville players and coaches came up to our team after the game. There ____9____ (be) not very many dry eyes on the field because everyone there was so ____10____ (move). Football is more than wins and losses. It’s a brotherhood. These football members and other people have proved that,” she wrote.
【答案】
1．in 2．their 3．really 4．The/These 5．giving 6．who 7．classmates 8．To show 9．were 10．moved
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了在一场宾夕法尼亚的高中足球比赛中，两个队的球员在比赛过程中用他们的实际行动展示了对患了癌症的队友加文·皮卡尔的支持。
1．考查介词。句意：当球员需要时，每个人都会应召。be in need“需要”。故填in。
2．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：宾夕法尼亚州一支高中足球队及其教练在最近的一场比赛后对对方队员表现出了极大的善意。根据空后的coaches可知，空处需要形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词，指“宾夕法尼亚州一支高中足球的教练们”。故填their。
3．考查副词。句意：这场比赛真的是一场战斗到底，但这些人聚集在一起，为未来更大的战斗提供了鼓励。空处修饰动词，需要副词。故填really。
4．考查冠词。句意：这两支球队分别是Avon Grove高中和Coatesville高中。空处特指这两个足球队，可用定冠词the或者these。故填The/These。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：在周五晚上的比赛中，两队都出现在中场，目的是送给加文·皮卡尔气球和礼物。空处作介词of的宾语，所以用动名词。故填giving。
6．考查定语从句。句意：为雅芳格罗夫效力的加文最近被诊断患有癌症。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Gavin。先行词指人，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。
7．考查可数名词复数。句意：雷切尔·泰勒·威尔逊是加文的同班同学之一，她在社交媒体上分享了她对加文支持的想法。one of“...之一”，后加可数名词的复数形式。故填classmates。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了向加文·皮卡尔表示善意的支持，科茨维尔的球员和教练在比赛结束后来到了我们的球队。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。故填To show。
9．考查主谓一致。句意：在场上很多人眼睛都很湿润，因为在场上的每个人都非常感动。根据空后的many dry eyes可知，there be句型中的be动词用复数形式。结合上下文可知，句子为一般过去时。故填were。
10．考查形容词。句意：在场上很多人眼睛都很湿润，因为在场上的每个人都非常感动。空处为形容词作表语。根据句意可知，在场的每一个人都很感动。move的形容词moved“感动的”，符合句意。故填moved。

(2023秋·广东江门·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I met an artist in the park today. At that moment, a piece of art ____1____(make)by her and some local school children. The images on the artwork, of happy families with their pets, were so ____2____ (interest)!
Her next project in the coming month is ____3____ (create) a large painting that will cover an entire wall at the Children’s Hospital. Again, she plans to work together____4____ children from the neighbourhood.
What ____5____heartwarming idea! Children getting well will be creating the artwork for children ____6____ are sick. The children who work so hard on it will be overjoyed with ____7____ (excite) to show what they will have created. And the children waiting to see the painting will be equally excited to see what is behind the curtain. And ____8____ (final) cheers will be all around! Children help children to be happy.
I was daydreaming when the artist ____9____ (wake) me up and said, “I will need a lot of _____10_____ (volunteer) to help with this project!” I told her to count me in! I would be happy to help make this dream come true!
【答案】
1．was being made 2．interesting 3．to create 4．with 5．a 6．who/that 7．excitement 8．finally 9．woke 10．volunteers
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述一位艺术家通过和孩子们共同创造作品的方式来帮助孩子们恢复健康，获得快乐。
1．考查时态语态。句意：那时，她和当地学校的一些孩子正在制作一幅作品。根据主语“a piece of art ”可知，此处需要用谓语动词。主语和“make”之间是被动关系，时间状语是“At that moment”，故用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being made。
2．考查形容词。句意：艺术品上画着的是幸福的家庭和他们的宠物，非常有趣。根据“were so”可知，此处需要填形容词。interesting表示“令人感兴趣的，有趣的”符合句意。故填interesting。
3．考查动词不定式。句意：她下个月的下个项目是创作一幅能覆盖儿童医院整面墙壁的大型绘画。分析题干可知，句中已有谓语动词“is ”，故空处需要填非谓语动词。“create”这一动作还未发生，表将要，故用动词不定式作表语。故填to create。
4．考查介词。句意：而且，她计划和附近的孩子一起创作。根据“work together”和后文“children”，可知，此处表示“和孩子一起工作”，故用介词with。故填with。
5．考查冠词。句意：这是一个多么感人的想法！根据“heartwarming idea”可知，此处需要用冠词,a heartwarming idea泛指“一个感人的想法”符合句意。故填a。
6．考查定语从句。句意：身体康复的孩子将为生病的孩子创作艺术品。分析题干可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词是“ children”，故用关系代词that或who引导定语从句。故填who 或that。
7．考查名词。句意：努力创作的孩子将欣喜若狂地展示他们创作好的作品。根据“be overjoyed with”可知，此处需要填名词。excitement表示“激动，兴奋”，表示抽象含义时，是不可数名词。故填excitement。
8．考查副词。句意：最后欢呼声将无处不在。根据“cheers will be all around”可知，此处需要用副词修饰整个句子，故填finally。
9．考查时态。句意：我正在做着白日梦，这时艺术家唤醒了我，说道：“我需要许多志愿者去帮助完成这个项目。”根据“and said”可知，时间状语从句中并列的动词也用一般过去式。故填woke。
10．考查名词。句意：我正在做着白日梦，这时艺术家唤醒了我，说道：“我需要许多志愿者去帮助完成这个项目。”根据“a lot of ”可知，此处需要用不可数名词或名词复数，volunteer是可数名词，表示“志愿者”。故填volunteers。

(2023秋·浙江温州·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
All open fires of the mountain fires in Chongqing have ____1____(final) been put out on Friday. Under the continuous serious heat and drought environment, putting out wildfires faces great difficulties. ____2____ it only took less than 10 days for Chongqing to put out the fire, which is not easy to achieve. In this process, “heroic spirit” is the most popular keyword ____3____ social media.
Mountain fires are a serious problem for people living in Chongqing, which has encouraged the people ____4____(protect)their homes. Firefighters, police officers, soldiers and medical workers were on the front line. Behind them, there ____5____(be) strong support from volunteers—with a man delivering supplies by riding a motorcycle, as well as those cooking meals. Among the ____6____(hero)were soldiers and ordinary people from all walks of life. In the face of the wildfire, their forces have come together.
At ____7____ same time, on the internet, voices of “Come on, Chongqing” could ____8____(hear)repeatedly, and social media was filled with countless ____9____(touch)moments. What really touches people is that these ordinary and brave people shine with their courage, will and unity _____10_____ are shared by Chinese people in the face of disasters.
【答案】
1．finally 2．But 3．on 4．to protect 5．was 6．heroes 7．the 8．be heard 9．touching 10．which/that
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了重庆山火扑灭背后的努力和故事。
1．考查副词。句意：周五，重庆山火的明火全部被扑灭。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰谓语动词，作状语，应用副词；final的副词形式为finally，表示“最终”。故填finally。
2．考查连词。句意：但重庆仅用了不到10天的时间就扑灭了大火，实现起来并不容易。分析句子可知，设空处在句中连接一个完整的句子，应用连词；上文“Under the continuous serious heat and drought environment, putting out wildfires faces great difficulties.”提到了在持续的严重高温干旱环境下，扑灭山火面临很大困难；下文“it only took less than 10 days for Chongqing to put out the fire”提到了重庆仅用了不到10天的时间就扑灭了大火。前后之间存在转折关系，应用but连接，设空处位于句首，需首字母大写。故填But。
3．考查介词。句意：在这个过程中，“英雄精神”是社交媒体上最流行的关键词。分析句子可知，设空处前后均为名词短语，此处应用介词连接；结合句意可知，此处表示“在社交媒体上”，常用on social media，此处应用介词on，表示“在……上面”。故填on。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：山火对于生活在重庆的人们来说是一个严重的问题，这鼓励人们保护自己的家园。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式；结合句意可知，此处表示“鼓励某人做某事”，encourage sb to do sth为固定搭配，此处to do不定式作宾语补足语。故填to protect。
5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在他们身后，有志愿者的大力支持——一名男子骑着摩托车运送物资，还有那些做饭的人。分析句子可知，此处是一个there be句型，结合上下文可知，此处是在描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时；主语为strong support from volunteers，单数形式，故be动词也用单数形式。故填was。
6．考查名词。句意：英雄中有士兵，也有来自各行各业的普通人。分析句子可知，此处是一个表系主的倒装结构，主语为后面的soldiers and ordinary people from all walks of life，设空处在句中作表语，应用名词；结合前面的be动词were可知，此处表示复数，故hero也用复数形式。故填heroes。
7．考查固定短语。句意：与此同时，在互联网上，“重庆加油”的声音不绝如耳，社交媒体上也充斥着无数动人的瞬间。at the same time为固定短语，表示“与此同时”。故填the。
8．考查动词语态。句意：与此同时，在互联网上，“重庆加油”的声音不绝如耳，社交媒体上也充斥着无数动人的瞬间。分析句子可知，设空处与前面的could一起作谓语，主语为voices of “Come on, Chongqing”，与动词hear之间为被动关系，应用被动语态be done结构；设空处位于情态动词could后，用动词原形。故填be heard。
9．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，在互联网上，“重庆加油”的声音不绝如耳，社交媒体上也充斥着无数动人的瞬间。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰后面的名词moments，作定语，应用形容词；touch的形容词形式有touched和touching，touched表示“感到感动的、受感动的”，多修饰人；touching表示“令人感动的、动人的”，多修饰物。此处修饰moment，应用touching。故填touching。
10．考查定语从句。句意：真正让人感动的是，这些平凡而勇敢的人在灾难面前闪耀着中国人民共有的勇气、意志和团结。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的并列名词courage, will and unity，这是一个定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词表示物，可用that或which引导。故填that或which。

(2023秋·重庆·高一重庆八中校考期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The activity “The Window of China” took place on Tuesday, with an online book donation (捐赠) ceremony from China’s Jinling Library to Malta Libraries.
The online event ____1____ (hold) at the Central Public Library in Floriana, Malta. More than 200 books were donated by Jinling Library, ____2____ cover fields such as ancient Chinese literature and art, history, culture, and food.
Books are important for the cultural exchange ____3____ two countries and will ____4____ (far) strengthen cooperation. ____5____ (hopeful), the donated books will open a new window of understanding of Chinese culture, history and social development for the Maltese people.
The books ____6____ (donate) on Tuesday not only provide a chance of ____7____ (promote) Chinese culture and tourism, but are also ____8____ wonderful gift of friendship from the people of Nanjing to the Maltese people.
Jinling Library has always focused on using books as a bridge to understanding of Chinese culture for ____9____ (foreigner). Jinling Library, founded in 1927, organized ______10______ (it) first “The Window of China” overseas in Nigeria in 2013. There will be more in the future.
【答案】
1．was held 2．which 3．between 4．further 5．Hopefully 6．donated 7．promoting 8．a 9．foreigners 10．its
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍南京金陵图书馆与马耳他图书馆“中国图书之窗”赠书仪式在线成功举办。
1．考查时态和语态。句意：这次在线活动在马耳他弗洛里亚纳的中央公共图书馆举行。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。主语The online event与谓语动词hold之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词也用复数形式。故填was held。
2．考查定语从句。句意：金陵图书馆捐赠了200多册图书，涉及中国古代文学艺术、历史、文化、饮食等领域。句中先行词为books，在定语从句作主语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
3．考查短语。句意：图书是两国文化交流的重要载体，将进一步加强两国间的合作。根据句意，表示“两国间的交流”用介词between，构成介词短语between two countries作后置定语，意为“两国之间的”。故填between。
4．考查比较级。句意：图书是两国文化交流的重要载体，将进一步加强两国间的合作。结合句意可知，表示“进一步加强两国间的合作”，用副词的比较级形式。故填further。
5．考查副词。句意：希望这些书籍为马耳他人民了解中国文化、历史和社会发展打开一扇新的窗口。句中用副词形式作状语，修饰整个句子。故填Hopefully。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：周二捐赠的图书不仅为推广中国文化和旅游提供了机会，也是南京人民送给马耳他人民的一份美好的友谊礼物。分析句子可知，“(donate) on Tuesday”作后置定语修饰名词The books，donate是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词表被动。故填donated。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：周二捐赠的图书不仅为推广中国文化和旅游提供了机会，也是南京人民送给马耳他人民的一份美好的友谊礼物。介词of后接动名词形式作宾语。故填promoting。
8．考查冠词。句意：周二捐赠的图书不仅为推广中国文化和旅游提供了机会，也是南京人民送给马耳他人民的一份美好的友谊礼物。名词gift为可数名词，泛指，且wonderful发音为辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
9．考查名词的数。句意：金陵图书馆一直致力于将书籍作为外国人了解中国文化的桥梁。名词foreigner为可数名词，泛指“众多外国人”，所以用复数形式。故填foreigners。
10．考查代词。句意：金陵图书馆成立于1927年，2013年在尼日利亚举办了第一次“中国图书之窗”海外展。修饰名词，用形容词性物主代词。故填its。

(2023秋·广东·高一广东广雅中学校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
David Jones Jr. loves outdoor activities. One day, he____1____ (fish) when he heard screams coming from the river. Within seconds, he found a boy floating in the middle of the river. “I had that sense of urgency that I needed to drop ____2____ I was doing and kayaked (划⽪艇) over there,” said David.
____3____ was David’s experience in law enforcement (执⾏) that helped him to stay calm and make the proper decision during the serious situation. He quickly saved the child and took him back to ____4____ (safe) 300 yards away. In an interview, David said, “That kid is really strong and should ____5____ (praise). For him, to scream as loudly as he could in that matter allowed him ____6____ (get) help.”
The boy later told the policeman that he got separated ____7____ his dad’s sailboat and drifted (漂流) away. And he had ____8____ (confident) told his parent before that he would swim back to shore, but he was not able to do so due to the ____9____ (power) wind and waves. He hoped other swimming _____10_____ (lover) could learn a lesson from his experience.
【答案】
1．was fishing 2．what 3．It 4．safety 5．be praised 6．to get 7．from 8．confidently 9．powerful 10．lovers
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了英勇救人的故事：大卫在钓鱼的时候听到尖叫。他前去查看 发现一个男孩飘在湖中间，急忙去救了他。
1．考查时态。句意：有一天，他正在钓鱼的时候听到从河里传来的尖叫声。考查固定句型sb was/were doing when……译为“某人正在干某事这时……”；主语为单数，故助动词be使用三单形式was。故填was fishing。
2．考查关系代词。句意：大卫说：“我有一种紧迫感，即我需要停下我正在做的事，划皮艇去那儿。”。分析句意可知，此处动词drop“停止”后接宾语从句，宾语从句中缺宾语，所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
3．考查强调句。句意：大正是大卫法律执行的经历帮助了他能够保持冷静，并且能在严重情况时做出适当的决定。分析句意可知，包含了句型it was +被强调部分+that+其他成分的强调句句型，故句首需要使用it。故填It。
4．考查名词。句意：他很快地救下了孩子，并把他带到了大概300米开外的安全场所。分析句意可知，形容词safe“安全的”需要使用名词形式，因为介词to后需要接名词作宾语。故填safety。
5．考查被动语态。句意：大卫说：“那个孩子真的很坚强，应该被表扬”。分析句意可知，动词praise“表扬”需要被动语态，因为他和主语that kid“那个孩子是被动关系”，且在情态动词后，故be动词使用原形即可。故填be praised。
6．考查不定式。句意：对他而言，在这件事发生时尽最大可能尖叫使得他获得帮助。分析句意可知，动词get“获得”需要使用不定式形式，因为动词allow“使能够”的搭配为allow sb. to do sth.“使得某人做某事”。故填to get。
7．考查介词。句意：后来那个男孩告诉警察他和他爸爸的帆船分开了，然后飘走了。分析句意可知，此处包含搭配be separated from“与……分离”。故填from。
8．考查副词。句意：之前他自信地告诉他的父母他将游回岸边，但是因为强风和浪花，他没能那样做。分析句意可知，形容词confident“自信的”需要使用副词形式confidently，用于修饰动词told“告诉”。故填confidently。
9．考查形容词。句意：之前他自信地告诉他的父母他将游回岸边，但是因为强风和浪花，他没能那样做。分析句意可知，名词power“力量”需要改为形容词形式powerful“强有力的”，作定语修饰名词wind “风”。故填powerful。
10．考查名词复数。句意：他希望其他的游泳爱好者能够从他的经历中吸取教训。分析句意可知，名词lover“爱好者”需要复数形式，因为空格前有修饰词other“其他的”表示复数概念。故填lovers。

(2023秋·河南洛阳·高一校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After college I wanted to make a difference in the world, so I became a volunteer teacher and ___1___ (send) to Namibia. Honestly my first choice wasn’t Africa, but I am extremely grateful that I had the chance. So with a group of ___2___ (equal) eager young graduates, I went on my journey.
Schools were quite bare, and the students ___3___ (have) tiring days, walking miles to get to school, often barefoot. With their mountains ___4___ work at home, few ___5___ (possession) and little opportunity, these children were joyful, which I admired.
This was my first time ___6___ (live) abroad in a different culture and simply getting used to the living conditions ___7___ (be) big adjustment. I had no electricity, running water, phone or the Internet. Imagine no air-conditioning at a place ___8___ the temperature often goes beyond 38 degrees Celsius! Some days it was just too hot to move.
However, I could end each day with a ___9___ (glory) African sunset. And at night, I had a light-pollution-free view of the entire Milky Way. Before Namibia, I never thought I would survive in such an environment. My experience awakened me to not only the limitations ____10____ (place) on ourselves, but also our amazing ability to adapt. Stepping out of your comfort zone in another culture will certainly make your life worthwhile.
【答案】
1．was sent 2．equally 3．had 4．of 5．possessions 6．to live 7．was 8．where 9．glorious 10．to place
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在大学毕业后被派往纳米比亚成为一名志愿教师的经历和感想。
1．考查时态语态。句意：所以我成为了一名志愿教师，被派往纳米比亚。根据“After college I wanted to make a difference in the world, so I became a volunteer teacher”可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，且send和主语I是逻辑动宾关系，表示“被派往”，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was sent。
2．考查副词。句意：于是，我带着一群同样热心的年轻毕业生，踏上了我的旅程。此处修饰形容词eager，应用副词equally，作状语。故填equally。
3．考查动词时态。句意：学校里光秃秃的，学生们整天都很累，步行几英里去上学，常常光着脚。根据语境可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填had。
4．考查介词。句意：在家里工作堆积如山，财产很少，机会很少，这些孩子很快乐，我很钦佩。固定短语mountains of“大量的”。故填of。
5．查名词复数。句意：在家里工作堆积如山，财产很少，机会很少，这些孩子很快乐，我很钦佩。表示“财产”，常用名词复数possessions。故填possessions。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是我第一次在不同的文化中生活，仅仅适应那里的生活条件就需要很大的调整。序数词+名词，后跟不定式，作后置定语，故填to live。
7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是我第一次在不同的文化中生活，仅仅适应那里的生活条件就需要很大的调整。根据语境可知，句子描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时态，主语为动名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填was。
8．考查定语从句。句意：想象一下在一个温度经常超过38摄氏度的地方没有空调！此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是a place，关系词作定语从句中的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
9．考查形容词。句意：然而，我可以以一个辉煌的非洲日落来结束每一天。此处修饰名词African sunset，应用形容词glorious，作定语。故填glorious。
10．考查不定式。句意：我的经历不仅唤醒了我们对自身的局限性，也唤醒了我们惊人的适应能力。作the limitations的定语，常用动词不定式。故填to place。

(2023秋·重庆·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was walking into one of my favorite lunch spots today____1____a homeless man asked me if I would get him a sandwich.
I told him sure and asked what he would like. I went inside and ordered both of our ____2____ (lunch). He came in and____3____(sit) at a table while we waited. The woman behind the counter looked him funny, perhaps____4____(think) he shouldn’t be in there. I walked back over and talked with him so she knew he was____5____ paying customer.
He is a Native American from Flagstaff, about two hours away____6____ car. We had a nice conversation about some of the challenges he had faced as ____7____ as all of the events going on in the world these days.
It was nice____8____(see) him smile as he opened his sandwich and soda. He thanked me for my treat ____9____ (grateful). I smiled hoping this would make _____10_____(he) day a little brighter today.
【答案】
1．when 2．lunches 3．sat 4．thinking 5．a 6．by 7．well 8．to see 9．gratefully 10．his
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者帮助一个无家可归人的故事。
1．考查连词。句意：今天我走进我最喜欢的一个午餐地点，一个无家可归的人问我是否可以给他买一个三明治。be doing…when…正在做某事的时候，突然……。故填when。
2．考查名词的数。句意：我走进去，点了我们俩的午餐。名词lunch为可数名词，根据our可知，用名词的复数形式。故填lunches。
3．考查时态。句意：他走了进来，在我们等的时候坐在一张桌子旁。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。故填sat。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：柜台后面的女人看着他很奇怪，也许觉得他不应该在那里。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语The woman与think之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填thinking。
5．考查冠词。句意：我走过去和他说话，这样她就知道他是付费顾客。名词customer为可数名词，泛指，且paying发音为辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
6．考查介词。句意：他是来自弗拉格斯塔夫的印第安人，开车大约两小时车程。此处表示“乘坐汽车”，介词用by。故填by。
7．考查短语。句意：我们就他所面临的一些挑战以及这些天世界上正在发生的所有事件进行了愉快的交谈。as well as也，以及。故填well。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：很高兴看到他打开三明治和苏打水时微笑着。it is +形容词+ to do sth.意为“做某事……”，it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故填to see。
9．考查副词。句意：他感激地感谢我的款待。修饰动词treat，用副词形式。故填gratefully。
10．考查代词。句意：我笑了，希望这能让他今天过得更愉快一些。make one’s day让某人开心。故填his。

(2023秋·广东·高一校联考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is a____1____ (move) story between Zhong Jing, a doctor, and the villagers in Longhe Village, Longchang Town, Qianxinan Bouyei and Miso Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province.
Before Zhong’s arrival, there was no clinic in the village. If villagers had to see ____2____ doctor when they suffered from serious health problems, they had no ____3____ (choose) but to go to the hospital in town which is more than four ____4____ (hour) walk away. Since Zhong set up the only small clinic (诊所) there with all her life savings at the time, things have changed.
With her excellent medical skill and selfless devotion for a long time, she ____5____ (final) won the locals’ heart. She often makes calls to some with diseases such as high blood pressure. “I need to remind them ____6____ (come) to have their blood pressure and blood sugar tested,” she says. If they can’t make it, Zhong will visit them. For the past two years, Zhong ____7____ (make) more house calls to her patients so that they needn’t move around during the COVID-19 times.
Thanks to the guidance of Zhong, the local villagers increasingly develop a ____8____ (strong) health awareness than before. The number of patients ____9____ visit the clinic has been becoming less in recent years. Zhong says, “I’m glad that I’m not only a doctor in the village now. It feels great to be of some help and be trusted _____10_____ them.”
【答案】
1．moving 2．a 3．choice 4．hours’ 5．finally 6．to come 7．has made/has been making 8．stronger 9．who/that 10．by
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了钟静（音译）在贵州省黔西南布依族米索自治州龙场镇龙河村帮助村民提供医疗服务的故事。
1．考查形容词。句意：这是一个发生在贵州省黔西南布依族米索自治州龙场镇龙河村的医生钟静和村民之间的感人故事。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰后面的名词story，此处应填形容词。根据句意可知，此处表示“令人感动的故事”，应用形容词moving。故填moving。
2．考查冠词。句意：如果村民有严重的健康问题必须去看医生，他们别无选择，只能去镇上的医院，步行需要4个多小时。此处表示“看医生、就诊”为固定短语see a doctor。故填a。
3．考查名词。句意：如果村民有严重的健康问题必须去看医生，他们别无选择，只能去镇上的医院，步行需要4个多小时。设空处在句中作宾语，位于形容词no后，应用名词；choose的名词形式为choice，表示“选择”。have no choice but to do sth.“别无选择只能做某事”。故填choice。
4．考查名词所有格。句意：如果村民有严重的健康问题必须去看医生，他们别无选择，只能去镇上的医院，步行需要4个多小时。根据句意可知，此处表示“步行四小时”，其结构可用“数词+复数名词的所有格+被修饰名词”或“数词+连字符+单数名词+被修饰名词”，即four hours’ walk或four-hour walk。结合句中结构可知，句中没有连字符，此处应填名词所有格形式。故填hours’。
5．考查副词。句意：凭借精湛的医术和长期无私的奉献，她终于赢得了当地人的心。设空处在句中修饰谓语动词won，应用副词；final的副词形式为finally，表示“最后、最终”。故填finally。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：我要提醒他们来测血压和血糖。根据句意可知，此处表示“提醒某人做某事”，常用固定结构remind sb to do sth，故设空处需填to do不定式，作宾语补足语。故填to come。
7．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的两年里，钟静为她的病人提供了更多的上门服务，这样他们就不用在新冠肺炎疫情期间四处走动了。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词；其主语为Zhong，与动词make之间为主动关系；结合时间状语for the fast two years可知，此处表示动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，应用现在完成时have / has done结构，或者也可用现在完成进行时have / has been doing结构，因为她现在还在做这件事，并极有可能继续下去；主语为第三人称单数，故谓语也用第三人称单数形式。故填has made或has been making。
8．考查形容词比较级。句意：在钟静的指导下，当地村民的健康意识比以前更强了。根据后面的than before可知，此处是在把现在与过去作对比，应用形容词的比较级。故填stronger。
9．考查定语从句。句意：近年来，来这家诊所看病的病人越来越少。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的名词patients，这是一个定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词表示人，应用who或that引导。故填who或that。
10．考查被动语态结构。句意：能帮到他们和获得他们的信任感觉很好。分析句子可知，此处表示“被他们信任”，由介词by引出动作的发出者。故填by。

(2023秋·广东广州·高一铁一中学校联考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Stewart stepped outside a store and spotted a homeless man sitting against the building with a small dog ___1___ (seat) in his lap. Stewart, a vet, noticed its scratched-off fur — signs of an allergic reaction to fleas (跳蚤). He approached the man and offered to bring flea medication for the dog, a gift the man ___2___ (ready) accepted.
When returning one and a half ___3___ (week) later, Stewart happily found that the dog's hair was coming back, and the rash (疹子) was gone.
Stewart has his own practice in town, yet he still finds time for street pets. He ___4___ (help) about 400 animals since 2011. There's ___5___ desperate need for his help. About 25% of Modesto's homeless population own a pet, ___6___ there are few health-care options available. To fill that blank, Stewart can often ___7___ (find) wandering anywhere the homeless might be. He carries his medical bag, ___8___ contains treatments for the cases he encounters.
There are some people ___9___ (question) whether the homeless should have pets. However, Stewart thinks the homeless, more than anybody, need a pet. Because, the owner is the pet's home. There's one more pressing reason for the homeless ___10___ (have) their pets: their animals are their reason for getting up in the morning.
【答案】
1．seated 2．readily 3．weeks 4．has helped 5．a 6．but 7．be found 8．which 9．questioning 10．to have
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了Stewart 帮助流浪动物的事情。
1．考查非谓语。句意：Stewart 走出一家商店，看到一个无家可归的人靠着大楼坐着，腿上坐着一只小狗。固定搭配be seated in“坐在某处”，seat在这句话中作非谓语，故填seated。
2．考查副词。句意：他走近这名男子，提出给狗带去跳蚤药，这名男子欣然接受了。accept“接受”是动词，副词可以修饰动词。故填readily。
3．考查名词。句意：一周半后，当Stewart 回来时，他高兴地发现狗毛又回来了，皮疹也消失了。此空前是one and a half“一个半”修饰可数名词的复数。故填weeks。
4．考查现在完成时。句意：自2011年以来，他已经帮助了大约400只动物。时间状语since 2011，该句的谓语需要用现在完成时，句子的主语是he是第三人称。故填has helped。
5．考查冠词。句意：非常需要他的帮助。此处的need“需要”是可数名词，desperate “急切的”是以辅音音素开头的形容词。故填a。
6．考查转折连词。句意：大约百分之二十五的Modesto的无家可归者有一只宠物，但几乎没有医疗保健选择。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系。故填but。
7．考查被动语态。句意：为了填补这一空白，Stewart经常被发现在无家可归者可能在的任何地方游荡。Stewart和find是被动关系，又因空前由情态动词can。故填be found。
8．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他带着他的医疗包，里面装着他遇到的病例的治疗方法。先行词是 his medical bag，从句里缺少主语。故填which。
9．考查非谓语。句意：有些人质疑无家可归者是否应该养宠物。在there be句型当中，question与其逻辑主语some people是主动关系。故填questioning。
10．考查非谓语。句意：无家可归者养宠物还有一个更紧迫的原因：他们的动物是他们早上起床的理由。在there be 句型中不定式作所修饰名词的后置定语。故填to have。

科技发展


(2023秋·湖南娄底·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 is scheduled to kick off in Qatar on Sunday. ____1____ the Chinese national football team won’t be playing, Chinese manufacturing(制造业)looks set to shine(大放异彩) on the stage of the ____2____ (globe) football extravaganza(盛会). China-made products ranging from ____3____ (bus) to stadium and even air conditioners are well represented at the event, making it ____4____ excellent stage to showcase(展示) Chinese manufacturing. In addition, Lusail Stadium, the main venue(会场) for this year’s World Cup, ____5____ (construct) by the China Railway Construction Corporation in the past. It is the first time a Chinese company ____6____ (build) a World Cup venue. Doha’s first ever Panda House ____7____(official) opened to the public on Thursday. Located at AI Khor Park near the Al Bayt Stadium, the Panda House is home ____8____ Chinese giant pandas, three-year-old female Si Hai and four-year-old male Jing Jing. It is a universal ____9____ (promote) of China’s own brands, and it will help _____10_____ (increase)universal trust in Chinese manufacturing.
【答案】
1．Though/Although/While 2．global 3．buses 4．an 5．was constructed 6．has built 7．officially 8．to 9．promotion 10．to increase
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是2022年卡塔尔世界杯中中国制造的产品。
1．考查状语从句。句意：虽然中国国家足球队不会参加比赛，但中国制造业似乎将在这场全球足球盛会的舞台上大放异彩。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此空处所在的句子与下文内容为让步关系，所以使用though或although或while，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Though/Although/While
2．考查形容词。句意：虽然中国国家足球队不会参加比赛，但中国制造业似乎将在这场全球足球盛会的舞台上大放异彩。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词短语football extravaganza，globe的形容词为global意为“全球的”符合句意。故填global。
3．考查名词。句意：中国制造的产品，从公共汽车到体育场，甚至空调，都在此次活动中有很好的代表，使其成为展示中国制造的绝佳舞台。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，bus为可数名词，空前无限定词，所以使用名词复数表示泛指。故填buses。
4．考查冠词。句意：中国制造的产品，从公共汽车到体育场，甚至空调，都在此次活动中有很好的代表，使其成为展示中国制造的绝佳舞台。分析句子结构可知，名词stadium为可数名词单数，其前无限定词，所以此处应使用冠词，结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，所以应使用不定冠词，excellent的首个音素为元音，所以使用不定冠词an。故填an。
5．考查谓语动词。句意：此外，今年世界杯的主会场——鲁塞尔体育场，也是过去由中国铁路建设总公司承建的。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语in the past可知，此处应使用一般过去时态，与主语Lusail Stadium之间为被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was constructed。
6．考查谓语动词。句意：这是中国公司首次建造世界杯场馆。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，在固定句型“It is the first time+主语+谓语+……”中，从句中的谓语动词使用现在完成时态，build与主语a Chinese company之间为主动关系，主语是第三人称单数。故填has built。
7．考查副词。句意：多哈首个熊猫馆于周四正式向公众开放。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰动词opened，official的副词为officially意为“正式地”符合句意。故填officially。
8．考查介词。句意：熊猫馆位于阿尔贝特体育场附近的艾霍尔公园，是中国大熊猫三岁的雌性“思海”和四岁的雄性“晶晶”的家。分析句子结构可知，此处应为固定短语“be home to”意为“是……的家园”符合句意。故填to。
9．考查词性转换。句意：这是对中国自主品牌的普遍推广，将有助于增加对中国制造业的普遍信任。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作表语，promote的名词为promotion，空前有不定冠词a，所以此处应为名词单数。故填promotion。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：这是对中国自主品牌的普遍推广，将有助于增加对中国制造业的普遍信任。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾语，根据help to do sth.意为“有助于做某事”可知，此处应为不定式形式，结合句意，此处表示主动意义。故填to increase。

(2023·全国·高一期末）语法填空。
Two boys were rescued by a brand new lifesaving drone (无人机) in Australia while lifeguards were still training to use ____1____ device. The ____2____(swim), aged 15-17, had got into difficulties off the coast of Lennox Head, New South Wales (NSW).
A man walking along the beach spotted the teenagers ____3____(struggle) in heavy waves about 700 metres offshore. Lifesavers instantly sent the drone ____4____(drop) an inflatable rescue pod (救援舱), and the boys made their way ____5____(safe) to the shore. The rescue was considered to be historic, because it was the first time that a drone ____6____(equip) with a flotation (漂浮) device had been used to rescue swimmers like that.
Lifeguard supervisor Jai Sheridan was piloting (领航) the device when the alarm ____7____(raise). He described the experience as a(n) ____8____ (real) and unbelievable one.
“The drone certainly proved ____9____(it) today. It is an amazingly efficient lifesaving device,” he told the local newspaper. It took just a minute _____10_____ two to launch the drone, fly it to the rescue site, and drop the pod. However, before that, reaching the teenagers could easily have taken three times as long.
【答案】
1．the 2．swimmers 3．struggling 4．to drop 5．safely 6．equipped 7．was raised 8．unreal 9．itself 10．or
【分析】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述在澳大利亚，两名男孩被一架全新的救生无人机救起的故事。
1．考查冠词。句意：在澳大利亚，两名男孩被一架全新的救生无人机救起，当时救生员仍在训练使用这台设备。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里的名词device指代上文提到的a brand new lifesaving drone，是特指，用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
2．考查名词的数。句意：这两名游泳者是15岁至17岁，在新南威尔士州伦诺克斯黑德海岸遇到了困难。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词swimmer作主语，指上文提到的两个男孩，所以用复数形式。故填swimmers。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：一名男子在海滩上行走，发现这些青少年在离岸700米的巨浪中挣扎。分析句子结构和意思可知，空处应填非谓语动词作宾补，teenagers和struggle之间是逻辑主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词形式。故填struggling。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：救生员立即派出无人机降落一个充气救援舱，男孩们安全地前往岸边。send sb./sth. to do“派某人/某物去做某事”是固定短语。故填to drop。
5．考查副词。句意：见第4题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词作状语，修饰动词短语made their way。故填safely。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：这次救援被认为是历史性的，因为这是第一次使用配备漂浮装置的无人机来营救这样的游泳者。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词equip和被修饰的名词drone是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填equipped。
7．考查时态和语态。句意：警报响起时，救生员主管Jai Sheridan正在驾驶该设备。空处为状语从句的谓语动词，描述过去的动作，主语alarm和动词raise是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was。故填was raised。
8．考查形容词。句意：他把这次经历描述为一次不真实的和难以置信的经历。分析句子结构可知，这里需要形容词作定语，结合下文unbelievable可知，空处意为“不真实的”。故填unreal。
9．考查反身代词。句意：无人机今天确实证明了它自己。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要反身代词作宾语，意为“它自己”。故填itself。
10．考查连词。句意：发射无人机、将其飞往救援现场并放下吊舱只花了一、两分钟。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里指“一、两分钟”的意思，a minute和 two是选择的关系。故填or。

(2023秋·云南大理·高一统考期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Plant-based meat filling dumplings___1___(introduce) to China by Beyond Meat in earlier this month. Both boiled dumplings and___2___(fry) dumplings were launched with two different ___3___(fill) separately. The plant-based beef celery (芹菜) and wood ear mushroom filling is juicy and___4___(satisfy). The fillings are wrapped in delicate dumpling skins made___5___flour from the Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia autonomous region. The dumplings are rich, “meaty” and chewy, a taste that is___6___(common) seen in the handmade dumplings of northern China.
Jeremy Yeo, ___7___is Beyond Meat’s acting general manager in China, said they are excited to expand___8___product portfolio (系列产品) in China with their new Beyond Dumplings line. “With this launch, we are proud to make plant-based protein more accessible to local consumers by enabling them___9___(enjoy) a traditional and ubiquitous (普遍存在的) Chinese dish without___10___(have) to sacrifice on taste or nutrition,” Yeo said.
【答案】
1．were introduced 2．fried 3．fillings 4．satisfying 5．from 6．commonly 7．who 8．the 9．to enjoy 10．having
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了Beyond meat公司将植物肉馅饺子引入中国，让消费者能够享受到传统的、无处不在的中国菜肴，而不必牺牲味道和营养。
【详解】1.考查时态语态。句意：本月初，Beyond meat公司将植物肉馅饺子引入中国。分析句子成分可知，空处因为谓语动词。时间状语为“this month”，故谓语动词用一般过去时；主语为“dumplings”为动作承受者，为复数，故谓语动词用被动语态，复数。故填were introduced。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：水饺和煎饺分别推出了两种不同的馅料。分析句子成分可知，空处应为过去分词作定语修饰名词“dumplings”，且“and”前后形式保持一致。故填fried。
3.考查名词。句意：水饺和煎饺分别推出了两种不同的馅料。空前为数词和形容词“two different”，故空处应为名词，且用复数。filling在表示馅的类别时可数。故用fillings。
4.考查形容词。句意：植物牛肉芹菜和木耳蘑菇馅汁多，令人满意。“and”前后形式保持一致，且主语为物，故用satisfying，修饰物。故填satisfying。
5.考查介词。句意：馅料包在精致的饺子皮里，饺子皮是用内蒙古河套平原出产的面粉制成的。be made from“由……制成”，看不出原材料。故填from。
6.考查副词。句意：这种饺子口感丰富，“多肉”，有嚼劲，这是中国北方手工饺子的常见味道。空处应为副词修饰谓语动词“is seen”。故填commonly。
7.考查连词。句意：Beyond Meat在中国的代理总经理Jeremy Yeo说，他们很高兴能通过新的Beyond Dumplings系列在中国扩大系列产品。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非限制性定语从句，从句缺乏主语，先行词“Jeremy Yeo”指人。故填who。
8.考查冠词。句意：Beyond Meat在中国的代理总经理Jeremy Yeo说，他们很高兴能通过新的Beyond Dumplings系列在中国扩大系列产品。空后为名词，故空处应为冠词。又因这个新产品是特指前文题到过的植物肉饺子。故填the。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意：杨荣文说：“通过这次推出，我们很自豪地让当地消费者更容易获得植物性蛋白质，让他们能够享受到传统的、无处不在的中国菜肴，而不必牺牲味道和营养。”固定搭配enable sb.to do sth.  “允许某人做某事”。故填to enjoy。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意：杨荣文说：“通过这次推出，我们很自豪地让当地消费者更容易获得植物性蛋白质，让他们能够享受到传统的、无处不在的中国菜肴，而不必牺牲味道和营养。”空前是介词“without”，后接doing做宾语。故填having。

(2023秋·辽宁营口·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s new “sky train”
China has shown its first maglev line built with permanent magnets (永久磁铁), which engineers claim can keep a “sky train“ afloat even without a power supply. The experimental track, known as the Red Rail, is located in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province. It uses powerful magnets ____1____ (produce) a force strong enough to lift a train with 88 passengers into the air, according to a report in the South-China Morning Post.
Unlike most existing maglev ____2____ (line), the rail operates about 33 feet above the ground. There is no physical contact with the rail as the train moves beneath it silently at a speed of up to 50mph.
The use of permanent magnets means that only a small amount of electricity ____3____ (need) to start the train. Also, ____4____ (compare) with a underground, the track is ____5____ (cheap) to build, according to researchers at Jiangxi University of Science and Technology.  
The technological success is possible due to the large quantity of rare earth elements (稀土元素)in China, ____6____ are needed to make the train’s permanent magnets. Adding rare earth elements to magnets ____7____ (significant) increases their lifespan. Neodymium, for instance, can reduce the ____8____ (lose) of magnetism to less than 5 percent in a century. China is home to nearly 40 percent of ____9____ entire world’s known reserves of rare earth elements.
Local transport authorities are currently testing the Red Rail on the half-mile stretch of track in Xingguo, but they are planning to increase this _____10_____ 4.7 miles when initial tests are complete.
【答案】
1．to produce 2．lines 3．is needed 4．compared 5．cheaper 6．which 7．significantly 8．loss 9．the 10．to
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国第一条由永久磁铁驱动的磁悬浮线路在江西省兴国县开始试运行。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：南华早报报道，它使用强力磁铁产生足够的力量，把乘坐着88名乘客的列车悬浮在空中。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中不作谓语，应使用非谓语动词形式，根据句意，空白处表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填to produce。
2．考查名词。句意：和大部分目前的磁悬浮线路不同的是，这条线路在距离地面33英尺的高度运行。根据上文“most existing maglev(大多数现存的磁悬浮线路)”可知目前我国磁悬浮线路有多条，应使用名词的复数形式，故填lines。
3．考查时态和语态。句意：使用永久磁铁意味着发动列车仅需要一少部分的电能。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做谓语，且与主语之间为被动关系，需使用被动语态形式，又因主语electricity 为单数，故填is needed。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：还有，据江西科技大学研究人员所说，和地铁比起来，磁悬浮线路造价便宜。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中不做谓语，需使用非谓语动词形式，因与其逻辑主语the track 之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词形式，故填compared。
5．考查形容词。句意：还有，据江西科技大学研究人员所说，和地铁比起来，磁悬浮线路造价便宜。根据上文“compare with a underground(和地铁比起来)”可知磁悬浮线路比地铁线路造价更便宜，应使用形容词的比较级形式，故填cheaper。
6．考查定语从句。句意：由于中国有大量的制造列车的永久磁铁需要的稀土元素，这一科技得以大获成功。分析句子结构，本句为复合句，从句为定语从句。因空白处在定语从句中做主语，应使用关系代词引导定语从句，因定语从句的先行词为rare earth elements，指物，排除who或whom，又因that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。
7．考查副词。句意：把稀土元素添加进磁铁极大地延长了它们的使用寿命。分析句子结构，空白处要修饰后面的动词increase，需使用副词形式，故填significantly。
8．考查名词。句意：比如，钕元素可以在一个世纪时间里使磁性损失少于百分之五。分析句子结构，根据空白处前面的冠词the可知空白处应填名词，故填loss。
9．考查冠词。句意：中国拥有全球已知稀有元素储量的近40%。根据冠词的用法，world 前面需使用定冠词，故填the。
10．考查介词。句意：地方交通局目前在兴国县半英里长的轨道上测试红轨，但是他们计划于首次测试结束后，将线路延长4.7英里。分析句子结构，increase… to 为固定搭配，含义为：延长……为……，与句子表达的含义一致，故填to。

(2023秋·吉林通化·高一梅河口市第五中学校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Is there a Chinese soccer team at the Qatar 2022 World Cup? No. But one can’t miss Chinese elements in and around the stadiums in this desert state. One can take a nap in a “mobile hotel” built by Chinese engineers, drink water from ponds ____1____ (dig) by Chinese engineers and take a shuttle imported from China to move ____2____ hotels and stadiums. Did we forget something? Yes, even some stadiums are built by Chinese construction companies, while the souvenirs one can buy there, too, ____3____ (make) in China.
That’s ____4____ China has participated in this World Cup, and may do so in the upcoming ones too: by providing products and services to the athletes and audiences alike, thus ____5____ (impress) the world with its technology and products.
While “Made in China” has left its stamp on ____6____ (early) soccer World Cups and other sports event, what makes the Qatar World Cup unique ____7____ (be) the kind of technology China is providing. For example, the Stadium 974, built by Chinese ____8____ (enterprise), can recycle rainwater for future use and ferment(发酵) the garbage collected from the stadium into fertilizer. Besides, China has built ____9____ 800 MW photovoltaic(光伏的) station that _____10_____ (constant) turns the abundant sunshine in the Middle East into electricity for the stadium.
【答案】
1．dug 2．between 3．are made 4．how 5．impressing 6．earlier 7．is 8．enterprises 9．an 10．constantly
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是虽然2022年卡塔尔世界杯没有中国足球队出征。但在这个沙漠之州，人们不能错过体育场内和周围的中国元素。
1．考查非谓语动词。 句意：人们可以在中国工程师建造的“移动酒店”里打盹，喝中国工程师挖的池塘里的水，乘坐从中国进口的穿梭车往返于酒店和体育场之间。此处考查过去分词短语作后置定语，pond 和 dig 之间为被动关系。故填dug。
2．考查固定短语。句意：同上。表示“在……之间”用between…and。故填between。
3．考查动词。句意：是的，甚至一些体育场馆都是由中国建筑公司建造的，而人们在那里买到的纪念品也是中国制造的。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示客观事实，故使用一般现在时。同时souvenirs与make之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are made。
4．考查表语从句。句意：这就是中国参加本届世界杯的方式，也可能会在即将到来的世界杯上这样做：为运动员和观众提供产品和服务，从而用中国的技术和产品给世界留下深刻的印象。分析句子，设空处引导的是表语从句，此处意为“如何，怎样”用how。故填how。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用现在分词作结果状语。impress意为“使印象深刻”。故填impressing。
6．考查形容词。句意：虽然“中国制造”在之前的足球世界杯和其他体育赛事上留下了印记，但卡塔尔世界杯的独特之处在于中国提供的技术。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，修饰名词soccer World Cups。此处表示“更早之前”，故使用比较级。故填earlier。
7．考查动词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，同时句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句中的主语为what makes the Qatar World Cup unique，主语从句作主语为单数，故be动词用is。故填is。
8．考查名词。句意：例如，由中国企业建造的974体育场可以回收雨水以备将来使用，并将从体育场收集的垃圾发酵成肥料。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，enterprise为可数名词，意为“企业家”，此处表示复数意义。故填enterprises。
9．考查冠词。句意：此外，中国还修建了一座800兆瓦的光伏电站，不断将中东地区丰富的阳光转化为体育场所需的电力。分析句子，句中800 MW photovoltaic station为单数名词，此处表示泛指，同时“ 800”首个音素为元音音素，应该使用不定冠词an。故填an。
10．考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用constant的副词constantly修饰动词turns作状语，意为“持续不断地”。故填constantly。

(2023秋·上海·高一上海交大附中校考期末）Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs.
Dr Stewart Adams, the man who discovered ibuprofen (布洛芬，退烧药), died on January 30, 2019, at the Queen’s Medical Centre in Nottingham. He was 95. The following was taken from an interview with him about how his discovery of ibuprofen came about.
It was about 2:30 pm on Tuesday December 19, 1961, ___1___ there was a knock on the door. A technician entered the office of Dr Stewart Adams at Boots’ research laboratories in Nottingham with the latest data from ongoing trials. It was just ___2___ he wanted to see. The compound being tested against others, including aspirin, had successfully reduced or eliminated signs of any inflammation (炎症). This was the first indication ___3___ the research, begun five years earlier, might pay off.
The year 1956 ___4___(be) the beginning of the search for a drug that would relieve rheumatoid arthritis (类风湿关节炎), traditionally treated with large doses of aspirin. Dr Adams had a hunch (直觉，预感) about ___5___ compounds to test and narrowed them down over five years.
A group of compounds called carboxyls (羧基) ___6___(prove) particularly interesting to Dr Adams’ team. His colleague, John Nicholson, found a number, but one caught their attention. Dr Adams said: “Of several hundred, we picked out the best, sent it for clinical trial — but it wasn’t active in rheumatoid arthritis.”
It was a major setback for Dr Adams and his colleagues, but they were undiminished in their determination. The researchers made a slight chemical modification to the compounds and moved into a new group of compounds, propionics (丙酸), ___7___ were discovered by Boots.
Of all the compounds, Compound 1472 had produced little or no inflammation during a test carried out. A similar test ___8___(run) two days later using the same compound, 1472. As modest doses were stepped up, there was still no or reduced inflammation. Drug development takes time and is expensive. It was 30 months ___9___ ibuprofen became a product candidate at Boots.
During the 1970s Boots tested ibuprofen for further properties and it was marketed for dental pain, period pain and headaches. In 1983, it became the first drug to move from prescription only to over-the-counter. The big smile arrived when ibuprofen was approved for sale over-the-counter by the Food and Drug Agency in the United States _____10_____ the need for a doctor’s prescription. It was to rank alongside aspirin and paracetamol (对乙酰氨基酚) for its properties as an analgesic (止痛) and is regarded as more effective.
【答案】
1．when 2．what 3．that 4．was 5．which 6．proved 7．which 8．was run 9．before 10．without
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了布洛芬被发明的故事。
1．考查定语从句。句意：1961年12月19日星期二下午2点30分左右，有人敲门。分析句子结构和意思可知，　　1　　 there was a knock on the door是定语从句，先行词2:30 pm on Tuesday December 19, 1961在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。
2．考查表语从句。句意：那正好是他想要看到的。分析句子结构和意思可知，　　2　　 he wanted to see是表语从句，从句中缺少动词see的宾语，指物，“什么”的意思，用连接词what引导。故填what。
3．考查同位语从句。句意：这是五年前开始的这项研究可能获得回报的第一个迹象。分析句子结构和意思可知，　　3　　 the research, begun five years earlier, might pay off是同位语从句，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
4．考查动词时态。句意：1956年是寻找缓解类风湿关节炎药物的开始，传统上用大剂量阿司匹林治疗。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时。主语是The year 1956，be动词用was。故填was。
5．考查宾语从句。句意：亚当斯博士预感到要测试哪些化合物，并在五年内缩小了范围。分析句子结构和意思可知，　　5　　 compounds to test是宾语从句，从句中缺少定语，修饰后面的名词compounds，意为“哪些”，用which引导。故填which。
6．考查动词时态。句意：亚当斯博士的团队对一组叫做羧基的化合物特别感兴趣。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时。故填proved。
7．考查定语从句。句意：研究人员对这些化合物进行了轻微的化学修饰，并加入了一组新的化合物，即布茨发现的丙酸。分析句子结构和意思可知，　　7　　 were discovered by Boots是非限制性定语从句，先行词propionics在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8．考查动词语态。句意：两天后使用相同的化合物1472进行了类似的测试。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时。句子主语A similar test和动词run是被动的关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态结构，主语是A similar test，be动词用was。故填was run。
9．考查时间状语从句。句意：30个月后，布洛芬才成为Boots的候选产品。分析句子结构和意思可知，　　9　　 ibuprofen became a product candidate at Boots是时间状语从句，需要表示“在……之前”的意思，用连接词before引导。故填before。
10．考查介词。句意：当布洛芬被美国食品和药物管理局批准在非处方药中销售而无需医生处方时，人们露出了灿烂的笑容。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示“没有”对应的介词without。故填without。

(2023秋·广东广州·高一广州市花都区邝维煜纪念中学校考期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first C919 large passenger aircraft was delivered to its first customer, China Eastern Airlines, on December 9th. It is ___1___ first time for China’s civil aviation transport market ___2___ (have) an indigenously-developed (本土开发的) mainline jetliner. “The world’s first C919” is printed on the jet’s body. Its registration number is B-919A．“B” means it is a Chinese jet; “919” ___3___ (match) the model; “A” represents it being the first of its kind in the world. At Shanghai Pudong ___4___ (Internation) Airport, C919’s manufacturer Commercial Aircraft Corp of China, delivered the aircraft sales certificate and the commemorative key ___5___ China Eastern. The Civil Aviation Administration of China issued the airworthiness certificate to the airline. ___6___ took a short flight from Pudong Airport to Hongqiao Airport, both in Shanghai, to mark the historic moment. The 164-seater aircraft has a two-class cabin layout ___7___ consists of business class ___8___ economy class. After delivery, it will undergo more than 100 hours of empty aircraft verification test flights, with ___9___(stop) including Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou. The aircraft ____10____ (expect) to be put into commercial use in the spring of 2023.
【答案】
1．the 2．to have 3．matches 4．International 5．to 6．It 7．that/which 8．and 9．stops 10．is expected
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了首架C919大型客机于12月9日交付给其第一个客户中国东方航空公司。同时该飞机预计将于2023年春季投入商业使用。
1．考查冠词。句意：这是中国民航运输市场首次拥有自主研发的干线客机。分析句子，设空处置于first之前，故使用定冠词the。故填the。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。句中it is the first time for sb to do sth为固定句式，该结构中不定式结构为真正的主语，it为形式主语。故填to have。
3．考查动词。句意：“B”表示这是一架中国飞机；“919”型号匹配；“A”代表它是世界上第一个。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示客观事实，故使用一般现在时。句子的主语为“919”其为第三人称单数。match意为“匹配”。故填matches。
4．考查形容词。句意：在上海浦东国际机场，C919的制造商中国商用飞机有限责任公司向中国东方航空公司交付了飞机销售证书和纪念钥匙。分析句子，设空处应该使用Internation的形容词international作定语，修饰名词。其为专有名词，故首字母大写。故填International。
5．考查介词。句意：同上。句中deliver …to…为固定短语，意为“交付，转交”。故填to。
6．考查代词。句意：C919飞机从浦东机场到虹桥机场的短途飞行，都在上海，以纪念这一历史性时刻。分析句子，设空处使用代词作主语，此处指代前文的C919飞机，故用it。同时该空置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填It。
7．考查定语从句。句意：这架飞机有164个座位，设有商务舱和经济舱。分析句子，设空处引导限定性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a two-class cabin layout，其为物，故用that或者which。故填that或which。
8．考查连词。句意：同上。分析句子，句中business class 和economy class构成并列结构，应该用连词and。故填and。
9．考查名词复数。句意：交付后，它将进行100多个小时的空机验证试飞，停留地点包括上海、北京和广州。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，stop为可数名词，意为“站点”，此处表示复数意义。故填stops。
10．考查动词语态。句意：该飞机预计将于2023年春季投入商业使用。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中be expected to do为固定短语，意为“预计”，句子主语为单数，故be动词用is。故填is expected。

(2023秋·重庆长寿·高一重庆市长寿中学校校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Over 100 million bicycles ___1___ (make) each year, according to the website Bicycle History, and about 1 billion bicycles are now being used all around the world.
A person who walks into a bicycle store today is faced with many___2___(choose). Frames(框架)are designed and made from different materials ___3___(base) on where the bicycle might be ridden. They might be made from steel, aluminum(铝)or sometimes even out of such ___4___ material as bamboo. Wheels come in plenty of sizes and thicknesses for rolling over___5___ (variety) surfaces: from rocky mountain roads to smooth, paved city streets. Seats may be short and narrow for races, ___6___wide and soft seats for comfortable rides.
And some modern bicycle designs differ so ___7___(great) from the former ones that they would probably be unrecognizable as bicycles to an early ___8___(invent). Today, bicycles can fold up ___9___ (make) traveling or storage easier. Some have no seats and look like elliptical(椭圆的) machines ____10____might be found at the gym; other bikes have added strollers(手推车) for cycling with young children , and some even come with electric motors.
【答案】
1．are made 2．choices 3．based 4．a 5．various 6．or 7．greatly 8．inventor 9．to make 10．that/which
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自行车的演变和现代自行车的特征。
1．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据自行车历史网站的数据，每年生产的自行车超过1亿辆。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词；主语为bicycles，与make之间为被动关系，应用被动语态be done结构；结合时间状语each year可知，此处表示经常发生的事，用一般现在时，主语为复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。故填are made。
2．考查名词。句意：今天，一个人走进一家自行车店面临着许多选择。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作宾语，应用名词，结合前面的many可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填choices。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：车架的设计和制作材料根据自行车的使用地点而定。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为前面的materials，二者之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填based。
4．考查冠词。句意：它们可能由钢、铝制成，有时甚至由竹子这样的材料制成。分析句子可知，设空处在形容词such后，名词material前，为可数名词单数，结合句意可知，此处表示“这样一种材料”，表泛指，应用不定冠词，material为辅音音素发音的词，应用a。故填a。
5．考查形容词。句意：车轮有很多尺寸和厚度，可以在各种表面上滚动。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰后面的名词surfaces，应用形容词，variety的形容词形式为various，表示“各种各样的”。故填various。
6．考查并列连词。句意：座位可能短而窄，这是给比赛用的，或者宽而软，这种乘坐起来很舒适。分析句子可知，设空处后面的wide and soft seats for comfortable rides与前面的short and narrow for races为并列结构，此处应用并列连词，结合句意可知，此处表示“座位可能短而窄，或宽而软”，表示选择关系，应用or。故填or。
7．考查副词。句意：一些现代自行车的设计与以前的自行车有很大的不同，以至于对于早期的发明来说，它们可能认不出是自行车。分析句子可知，设空处在句中修饰前面的动词differ，作状语，应用副词形式，great的副词形式为greatly，表示“很大的、巨大的”。故填greatly。
8．考查名词。句意：一些现代自行车的设计与以前的自行车有很大的不同，以至于对于早期的发明来说，它们可能认不出是自行车。分析句子可知，设空处位于形容词early后，应填名词，invent的名词形式为invention，表示“发明”。故填invention
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，自行车可以折叠起来，使旅行或收纳更容易。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式；结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用to do不定式。故填to make。
10．考查定语从句。句意：有些自行车没有座位，看起来就像健身房的椭圆机。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的名词machines，这是一个定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词表示物，可用which或that引导。故填which或that。

(2023·河北石家庄·高一校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists at the University of Liverpool (UL) have developed a robot that can run experiments on its own. It’s not new for labs to use robots. But earlier robots usually stayed in one place and ____1____ (do) one job over and over again. The UL robot is different. It’s able to ____2____ (easy) move around in the same kind of space as humans do. It uses a special system called LIDAR to guide ____3____ (it). With one long arm which can turn in almost any direction, the robot can use several different kinds of lab equipment and carry out ____4____ variety of tasks.
The scientists says it took a lot of work ____5____ (program) the robot so that it could do things without ____6____ (make) mistakes. Once the programming is done, though, the robot makes ____7____ (few) mistakes than a human.
To test their robot, the scientists gave it a task: find a material ____8____ was able to produce hydrogen (氢) from water. The robot was programmed to understand the basic methods for the experiment, but it ____9____ (give) 10 different things it could change which could influence the results. That meant that the robot could choose from around 98 million different mini-experiments. Over the next 8 days, the robot ran 688 experiments, always choosing its next experiment based ____10____ the results of the last one.
【答案】
1．did 2．easily 3．itself 4．a 5．to program 6．making 7．fewer 8．which/ that 9．was given 10．on/ upon
【分析】这是一篇说明文。利物浦大学(UL)的科学家已经开发出一种可以自己进行实验的机器人。文章对此进行了介绍。
1．考查一般过去时。句意：但早期的机器人通常呆在一个地方，反复做一项工作。根据“stayed in one place”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填did。
2．考查副词。句意：它可以很容易地在和人类一样的空间里移动。修饰动词move应用副词。副词easily意为“容易地”。故填easily。
3．考查反身代词。句意：它使用一种叫做激光雷达的特殊系统来引导自己。此处宾语和主语相同，所以应用反身代词。故填itself。
4．考查不定冠词和固定搭配。句意：机器人的长臂几乎可以向任何方向转动，它可以使用几种不同的实验室设备，并执行各种任务。a variety of意为“各种各样的”，为固定搭配。所以此处应用不定冠词a。故填a。
5．考查to do不定式。句意：科学家们表示，为机器人编程花费了大量工作，这样它就可以在做事时不犯错误。“it takes...to do sth”意为“做某事花费……”，为固定句式，此处to do不定式为真正的主语，it为形式主语。故填to program。
6．考查动名词。句意：科学家们表示，为机器人编程花费了大量工作，这样它就可以在做事时不犯错误。在介词without后应用动名词作宾语。故填making。
7．考查形容词比较级。句意：然而，一旦编程完成，机器人犯的错误就比人类少。根据“than a human”可知，此处应用形容词比较级。故填fewer。
8．考查定语从句。句意：为了测试他们的机器人，科学家们给了它一个任务：找到一种能够从水中产生氢的材料。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为material，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填which/ that。
9．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：机器人被编程从而理解实验的基本方法，但它被给了10种不同的可以改变的东西，这可能会影响结果。根据“The robot was programmed to understand the basic methods for the experiment”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词give意为“给”，和主语it构成被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was given。
10．考查介词和固定搭配。句意：在接下来的8天里，机器人进行了688次实验，总是根据上一次实验的结果来选择下一次实验。be based on/upon意为“根据”，为固定搭配。所以此处应用介词on或upon。故填on/ upon。

艺术杰作


(2023秋·辽宁本溪·高一校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What is painting? Painting is a centuries-old form of fine art that involves ___1___(careful) spreading paint on a canvas (画布) to create a picture. As mentioned above, a painter applies paint to a canvas to create a scene. However, painting is often much more than simply ___2___ (create) pictures. Artists often use their paintings ___3___a means of self- expression, for example. Nearly every painting they create is meant ___4___ (show) certain feelings or emotions.
People who are interested in becoming a painter should earn a college degree in fine arts. During ___5___course of their schooling, these people usually take a number of painting and art ___6___ (lesson) to develop their talent and to learn about different painting styles and techniques. Some art-learning students aim to be artists specializing in fixing___7___ (damage) old paintings. Before they are trusted with very ___8___ (value) paintings, they must usually complete an apprenticeship (学徒期), in ___9___they will learn how to fix old paintings from an experienced artist. If these art-learning students can gain enough skills in their apprenticeship, possibly they _____10_____(get) a job in the museums or galleries to help protect masterpieces (杰作) by other artists.
【答案】
1．carefully 2．creating 3．as 4．to show 5．the 6．lessons 7．damaged 8．valuable 9．which 10．will get
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍什么是绘画以及有兴趣成为画家的人怎样获得大学美术专业学位。
1．考查副词。句意：绘画是一种拥有几个世纪历史的美术形式，它涉及到在画布上小心地涂抹颜料来创造一幅画。设空处修饰动词短语spreading paint，应用副词作状语，故填carefully。
2．考查动名词。句意：然而，绘画往往不仅仅是简单地创作图案。设空处接在介词than后，应用动名词形式作宾语，故填creating。
3．考查介词。句意：例如，艺术家经常把他们的绘画作为一种自我表达的手段。分析可知，设空处为介词，意为“作为”，故填as。
4．考查不定式。句意：他们创作的几乎每一幅画都是为了表现某种感觉或情绪。短语be meant to do，意为“应做，有意做”，符合句意，应用不定式，故填to show。
5．考查冠词。句意：在他们的学习过程中，这些人通常会参加一些绘画和艺术课来开发他们的天赋，学习不同的绘画风格和技巧。设空处特指学习的过程，应用定冠词the修饰名词，故填the。
6．考查名词。句意：同上。设空处应为名词作宾语，根据句意和语境应用复数形式，故填lessons。
7．考查形容词。句意：一些学艺术的学生的目标是成为专门修复受损旧画的艺术家。设空处修饰名词，应用形容词形式，表示“受损的、被损坏的”，故填damaged。
8．考查形容词。句意：在他们被托付给非常有价值的画作之前，他们通常必须完成学徒期，在此期间，他们将向有经验的艺术家学习如何修复旧画。设空处修饰名词，应用形容词形式作定语，故填valuable。
9．考查定语从句。句意：同上。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词apprenticeship，关系代词在从句中做介词in的宾语，应用which，故填which。
10．考查时态。句意：如果这些学习艺术的学生能在学徒期间获得足够的技能，他们可能会在博物馆或画廊找到一份工作，帮助保护其他艺术家的杰作。设空处为主句谓语，if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句一般现在时，故填will get。

(2023秋·福建三明·高一统考期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Straw patchwork (麦秆画) is a well-known Chinese art and____1____(have) a history of over 2,000 years. It traces its roots to folk art, starting as handicrafts used by local governments to show respect to emperors during the Sui Dynasty.
Straw patchwork is handmade and takes full advantage of the straw’s natural glow and____2____(it) material to describe landscapes, flowers, animals and human figures. The visual images and wonderful handicrafts are not only a good reflection of deep____3____(tradition) Chinese culture, but also a wonderful artwork used as decorations.
____4____artistic techniques used in straw patchwork draw on many other art forms such as paper cut, print, painting, etc. Each patchwork requires a process____5____includes more than ten steps long. The process____6____(clever) combines a variety of techniques to show skilled workmanship, including polishing, steaming, ironing, pressing, and cutting of materials. All these techniques bring a rich___7___ (express) to the straw artwork,____8____(make) it a simple and elegant art form.
Straw patchwork owes its popularity to its bright colors which does not fade and its simple, lifelike designs. With its excellent details, the straw patchwork____9____(enjoy) and appreciated by both the Chinese and Westerners. I is used to decorate and beautify homes and offices and is often given_____10_____gifts.
【答案】
1．has 2．its 3．traditional 4．The 5．that/which 6．cleverly 7．expression 8．making 9．is enjoyed 10．as
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麦秆画这种艺术形式以及其特点。
1．考查主谓一致。句意：麦秆画是中国著名的艺术，有两千多年的历史。根据上文is可知，为一般现在时，主语为Straw patchwork，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
2．考查代词。句意：麦秆画是手工制作的，充分利用稻草的自然光泽和材料来描绘风景、花朵、动物和人物形象。修饰后文名词material，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
3．考查形容词。句意：视觉形象和精彩的手工艺品不仅很好地反映了深厚的中国传统文化，也是一个美妙的艺术品用作装饰。修饰名词culture，应用形容词traditional，作定语。故填traditional。
4．考查冠词。句意：麦秆画的艺术手法借鉴了剪纸、版画、绘画等多种艺术形式。此处techniques为特指，应用定冠词，句首单词首字母要大写。故填The。
5．考查定语从句。句意：每个画都需要一个包括十多个步骤的过程。此处是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词process，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导。故填that或which。
6．考查副词。句意：该工艺巧妙地结合了各种技术，以显示熟练的工艺，包括抛光，蒸，熨烫，压制和切割材料。修饰动词combine，应用副词cleverly，作状语。故填cleverly。
7．考查名词。句意：这些手法使麦秆画呈现出丰富的表现力，使麦秆画成为一种简洁优雅的艺术形式。作宾语，应用名词expression，不定冠词提示，用单数。故填expression。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些手法使麦秆画呈现出丰富的表现力，使麦秆画成为一种简洁优雅的艺术形式。此处作结果状语，与上文构成主动关系，故用现在分词，作状语。故填making。
9．考查时态语态。句意：麦秆画以其出色的细节，受到中国人和西方人的喜爱和欣赏。主语与谓语构成被动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is enjoyed。
10．考查介词。句意：它被用来装饰和美化家庭和办公室，也经常作为礼物赠送。后跟名词作宾语，表示“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。

(2023·广东广州·高一执信中学校考期末）按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（正确形式可使用两个词或以上）。
Yu Rong, a famous artist, thinks of a new way to introduce the ancient story of Hua Mulan in her picture book. In the book, I Am Hua Mulan, she tells the story by____1____ (combine) paper cutting with international artistic styles. She places paper-cuts over western-style pencil sketches (素 描) ____2____ (create) a typical presentation of Chinese elements, which turns out to be a____3____ (success) and impressive breakthrough.
Hua Mulan, ____4____ story has been told by generations in China, was a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). As ____5____ devoted daughter, she dressed herself as a man to serve in the army ____6____ place of her father. Mulan’s characteristics, such as courage, kindness and disinterest in fame and fortune, made____7____ (she) one of the most respected historical Chinese heroines. Mulan’s story has been adapted____8____ (wide) in the modern media. For example, in 1998, Disney produced a film named Mulan, which____9____ (consider) a great success by critics and the public at that time.
To better tell the story, Yu Rong draws inspiration from her several_____10_____ (visit) to sites of ancient battles and Henan Opera.
【答案】
1．combining 2．to create 3．successful 4．whose 5．a 6．in 7．her 8．widely 9．was considered 10．visits
【分析分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了艺术家Yu Rong通过把中国的剪纸和国际上流行的艺术形式结合在一起，创作了含有中国特色的图画书《我是花木兰》。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：句意：在她的作品《我是花木兰》中，她通过把剪纸和国际艺术风格结合的方式讲述这个故事。此处位于介词by之后，应用动名词，作宾语。故填combining。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：她把剪纸放在西方风格的铅笔素描上，创造出了一种中国艺术的典型代表，结果证明这是一个成功的，给人留下深刻印象的新突破。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to create。
3．考查形容词。句意：她把剪纸放在西方风格的铅笔素描上，创造出了一种中国艺术的典型代表，结果证明这是一个成功的，给人留下深刻印象的新突破。句中and连接设空处和形容词impressive，为并列结构，作名词breakthrough的定语，应用形容词successful。故填successful。
4．考查定语从句。句意：花木兰是一个来自北魏（386-534）的士兵，她的故事在中国代代相传。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Hua Mulan，指人，关系词在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
5．考查冠词。句意：作为一个孝顺的女儿，她男扮女装替父从军。此处泛指“一个孝顺的女儿”，应用不定冠词，devoted是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
6．考查介词。句意：作为一个孝顺的女儿，她男扮女装替父从军。固定短语in place of“代替”。故填in。
7．考查代词。句意：花木兰的性格，如勇敢，善良以及淡泊名利，使她成为中国历史上最受尊重的女英雄之一。此处作动词make的宾语，应用she的宾格形式。故填her。
8．考查副词。句意：花木兰的故事被现代媒体广泛改编。此处修饰动词has been adapted，应用副词，作状语。故填widely。
9．考查时态语态。句意：例如，1998年，迪斯尼制作的一部名为《木兰》的电影，当时被评论家和公众认为是一个巨大的成功。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，从句主语which指代Mulan这部电影，为单数，与动词consider之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，由in 1998可知，应用一般过去时。故填was considered。
10．考查名词复数。句意：为了更好地讲述这个故事，Yu Rong从参观古战场和河南省豫剧院得到了灵感。此处作介词from的宾语，应用名词，当visit表示“参观”时，为可数名词，句中有several修饰，应用复数形式。故填visits。

(2023秋·广东广州·高一广州市花都区圆玄中学校考期末）Have you ever been to London? Which famous sites did you visit? Or, if it is the first time that you ___1___(be) there, which one will you check out?
Some world famous ___2___(culture) sites may already be on your list: Buckingham Palace, Big Ben and the London Tower. However, a tour of London would be incomplete ___3___ checking out the London art scene. As a guidebook London’s Secrets: Museums & Galleries put it, London’s art is a lot like ___4___ city itself — “diverse, vast, and in a constant state of changes. From old masters to street art and everything in between, London has it all.”
In fact, according to The Telegraph, museums and galleries were the most ___5___(visit) attractions in Britain last year. The British Museum, ___6___ celebrated its 225th anniversary this year, had the most visitors, at 6,701,036.
According to The Art Newspaper, the British Museum’s increased ___7___(popular) is down to its exhibitions, particularly its Life and Death in Pompeii and Herculaneum show (March-September 2017).
There are more than 7 million artifacts(文物) in the British Museum. Not all of them are on display, but much of the collection ___8___(constant) rotates(轮换), so you’ll see something new with each visit. So, ___9___ you’re an art lover or just looking for a fun time, you’re sure __10__(find) inspiration in London.
【答案】
1．have been 2．cultural 3．without 4．the 5．visited 6．which 7．popularity 8．constantly 9．whether 10．to find
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文作者说明了伦敦之旅如果没有去伦敦的艺术现场将会变得不完整，并且作者对伦敦博物馆和艺术馆进行了介绍。
1．考查固定句型。句意：或者，如果这是你第一次去那里，你会去看哪一个？This/That/It is/was＋the＋序数词＋名词＋从句，为固定句型，表示“第几次做……”，从句中的时态要用完成时态；如前为is，则用现在完成时，如为was则用过去完成时，此处应用现在完成时，主语是you，故填have been。
2．考查形容词。句意：一些世界著名的文化景点可能已经在你的名单上: 白金汉宫、大本钟和伦敦塔。修饰名词sites，用形容词cultural，故填cultural。
3．考查介词。句意：然而，伦敦之旅没有去伦敦的艺术现场将会变得不完整。表示“没有……”，所以用without。故填without。
4．考查冠词。句意：正如一本名为《伦敦的秘密: 博物馆和画廊》的指南所说，伦敦的艺术与城市本身非常相似——“多样化、广阔，并且处于不断变化的状态。此处特指“这座城市”，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，据英国《每日电讯报》报道，博物馆和美术馆是去年英国最受欢迎的景点。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词attractions，且“旅行胜地”和“参观”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，故填visited。
6．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：今年是大英博物馆成立225周年，参观人数最多，为6701036人。“　　6　　 celebrated its 225th anniversary this year”是非限制性定语从句，修饰The British Museum，且关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
7．考查名词。句意：据《艺术报》报道，大英博物馆之所以越来越受欢迎，是因为它的展览，尤其是2017年3月至9月在庞贝和赫库兰尼姆举办的展览。作句子主语，用名词，所以用名词popularity，为不可数名词，故填popularity。
8．考查副词。句意：大英博物馆里有七百多万件文物。并不是所有的展品都会展出，但是大部分的收藏品都会不断轮换，所以每次访问都会看到一些新的东西。修饰动词rotates，用副词，故填constantly。
9．考查固定用法。句意：所以无论你是一名艺术爱好者还是出于娱乐目的而观赏，你一定会在伦敦找到灵感。Whether… or…是…还是…，是固定用法，故填whether。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以无论你是一名艺术爱好者还是出于娱乐目的而观赏，你一定会在伦敦找到灵感。be sure to do一定做某事；确定做，是固定句型，故填to find。

(2023秋·四川德阳·高一统考期末）阅读下面材料，根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式。
Listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2006, Qinqiang Opera has gradually seen a return ____1____ popularity in recent years. The revival (复兴) of Qinqiang Opera ____2____(attract) more young audience since then.
“Ten years ago, our audience ____3____ (be) mostly old people. We were afraid we would lose them one day. Now we have lots of young audience members ____4____ our performances are ____5____ (warm) welcomed,” said Hou Yanto China Daily.
The number of young ____6____ (performer) increased as well. The average age of Hou’s opera team is 30. “As we become more confident about our culture, more young people will like ____7____(tradition) culture as a fashionable trend and become promoters (推广者) of ____8____ (they) own culture,” Hou said to China Daily.
The revival of Qinqiang Opera in the past decades has reflected the country’s cultural development, ____9____ surprises the public. Hou’s attitude to her career has also changed. “As an opera actor, I’m very confident in our culture. I couldn’t imagine it decades ago. So I consider it our duty ____10____ (make) it well received.”
【答案】
1．to 2．has attracted
3．were 4．and 5．warmly 6．performers 7．traditional 8．their 9．which 10．to make
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了被列为国家级非物质文化遗产的秦腔在近几年重新流行起来。
1．考查介词。句意：2006年，秦腔被列为国家级非物质文化遗产，近年来，秦腔逐渐重新流行起来。a return to…“返回……，回归到”，固定搭配，故填to。
2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，秦腔的复兴吸引了更多的年轻观众。根据“since then”可知句子用现在完成时，主语revival是不可数名词，助动词用has，故填has attracted。
3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：十年前，我们的观众主要是老人。根据“Ten years ago”可知句子用一般过去时，主语audience表示复数意义，be动词用were，故填were。
4．考查连词。句意：“现在我们有了很多年轻的观众，我们的表演受到了热烈的欢迎，” Hou Yanto对《中国日报》说。结合句意可知，空前后是并列关系，应用连词and连接，故填and。
5．考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰动词welcomed，应用副词形式，故填warmly。
6．考查名词复数。句意：年轻演员的数量也有所增加。performer“表演者”，可数名词，the number of后接名词复数，表示“……的数量”，故填performers。
7．考查形容词。句意：Hou在接受《中国日报》采访时表示：“随着我们对自己的文化越来越自信，越来越多的年轻人将把传统文化作为一种时尚趋势，并成为自己文化的推动者。”空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词culture，traditional“传统的”，形容词。故填traditional。
8．考查形容词性物主代词。句意同上。空处应填形容词性物主代词，修饰名词culture，one’s own“某人自己的”，故填their。
9．考查定语从句。句意：过去几十年来，秦腔的复兴反映了国家文化的发展，这让公众感到惊讶。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是cultural development，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
10．考查动词不定式。句意：所以我认为我们有责任让它受到欢迎。it是形式宾语，空处应用动词不定式作真正的宾语，故填to make。

(2023秋·河南三门峡·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或者括号内单词的适当形式。
Ever since the arrival of a Hollywood film-making team, the capital of New Zealand ____1____(enjoy) an exciting week. Canadian director James Cameron and other ____2____(partner) will begin filming a new part to his science fiction movie Avatar.
____3____ project is among a handful of film productions as then at in reopens, following its successful COVID-19 control effort. The government hopes the film industry will help repair the economic damage ____4____ resulted from the health crisis. Officials said the virus has been ____5____(large) got rid of from the country, and New Zealand is among the first nations in the word ____6____(return) to normal.
Avatar producer Jon Landau posed a picture of ____7____(he) and d rector Cameron after landing last week. He said they would avoid contact with other people for 14 days.
With many people around the world ____8____(stick) at home, pressure is on film-makers and others. Movie industry experts said content creators were held back because of the lack ____9____ safe places to work. Now, New Zealand appears to be a good _____10_____(possible) for such work.
【答案】
1．has enjoyed/has been enjoying 2．partners 3．The 4．that/which 5．largely 6．to return 7．himself 8．stuck 9．of 10．possibility
【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍好莱坞电影制作团队抵达新西兰要拍摄新科幻电影《阿凡达》的事情。
1．考查谓语动词。句意：自从好莱坞电影制作团队抵达后，新西兰首都已经享受了激动人心的一周。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子有Ever since作时间状语，所以谓语用现在完成时，表示从过去到现在享受了激动人心的一周，或者，用现在完成进行时，表示从过去到现在享受了激动人心的一周，强调动作的持续性。主语是the capital，助动词用has。故填has enjoyed/has been enjoying。
2．考查名词的数。句意：加拿大导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆和其他合作伙伴将开始拍摄他的新科幻电影《阿凡达》。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前面有other修饰，名词用复数形式。故填partners。
3．考查冠词。句意：该项目是在成功控制新冠肺炎疫情之后，于当时重新开放的少数电影制作项目之一。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里指上文提到的filming a new part to his science fiction movie Avatar，表示特指，用定冠词the修饰，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填The。
4．考查定语从句。句意：政府希望电影业能够帮助修复健康危机造成的经济损失。分析句子结构和意思可知，　　4　　 resulted from the health crisis是限制性定语从句，先行词the economic damage在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
5．考查副词。句意：官员们表示，该病毒已基本从该县清除，新西兰是最早恢复正常的国家之一。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查副词，修饰动词got rid of。故填largely。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，名词nations前面有序数词the first修饰，后面用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to return。
7．考查反身代词。句意：《阿凡达》制片人Jon Landau在上周登陆后拍下了一张照片，照片中是他自己和导演卡梅伦。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要反身代词，作宾语，表示“他自己”。故填himself。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于世界各地有很多人被困在家里，电影制作人和其他人都承受着压力。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处是with复合结构，动词stick和被修饰的名词many people是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作宾语补足语。故填stuck。
9．考查固定短语。句意：电影行业专家表示，内容创作者受到阻碍是因为缺乏安全的工作场所。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语lack of，意为“缺少”。故填of。
10．考查名词。句意：现在，新西兰似乎很有可能从事这项工作。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作表语，前面有a，名词用单数。故填possibility。

(2023秋·辽宁·高一校联考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Peking Opera is one of the ____1____ (young) forms of traditional Chinese musical theater, though it ____2____ (hold) its place as a representative of traditional Chinese culture for over two hundred years. The art form is celebrated ____3____ its fancy costumes, striking makeup and larger-than-life performances. To achieve polished performance, a simple yet strict rule must ____4____ (follow): start young, train hard ____5____ master a list of skills.
Learners, as young as seven years old, devote ____6____ (they) to a daily practice that stretches and ____7____ (strengthen) their bodies. The process is as ____8____ (exhaust) as it is magical. Bit by bit, they become light on their feet, fast in their movement and in admirable control of their ____9____ (body). A repeated saying in the industry goes as follows: One minute on stage, 10 years off stage, _____10_____ is a reminder of the standards that ensure the impressive performance.
【答案】
1．youngest 2．has been holding/has held 3．for 4．be followed 5．and 6．themselves 7．strengthens 8．exhausting 9．bodies 10．which
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了京剧是中国传统音乐戏剧最年轻的形式之一，它是中国传统文化的代表。这种艺术形式以其华丽的服装、惊人的妆容和传奇的表演而闻名。
1．考查最高级。句意：京剧是中国传统音乐戏剧最年轻的形式之一，尽管它已经保持了其作为中国传统文化的代表二百多年。此处为“one of+最高级+可数名词复数形式”。故填youngest。
2．考查时态。句意：京剧是中国传统音乐戏剧最年轻的形式之一，尽管它已经保持了其作为中国传统文化的代表二百多年。根据后文for over two hundred years可知，此处可看作从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时，也可看作动作从过去开始持续到现在，并很有可能会继续，用现在完成进行时；主语为it，助动词用has。故填has been holding/has held。
3．考查介词。句意：这种艺术形式以其华丽的服装、惊人的妆容和传奇的表演而闻名。后跟名词作宾语，表示“因为，由于”应用介词for。故填for。
4．考查语态。句意：为了达到完美的表现，必须遵循一个简单而严格的规则：从小开始，努力训练，并掌握一系列技能。主语与谓语构成被动关系，must后跟动词原形。故填be followed。
5．考查连词。句意：为了达到完美的表现，必须遵循一个简单而严格的规则：从小开始，努力训练，并掌握一系列技能。此处start、train和master在句中为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
6．考查反身代词。句意：七岁的孩子就开始每天练习伸展和增强身体。此处为短语devote oneself to表示“致力于”，结合上文learners可知应用themselves。故填themselves。
7．考查主谓一致。句意：七岁的孩子就开始每天练习伸展和增强身体。根据上文“a daily practice that stretches and”可知，定语从句中谓语与先行词保持一致，应用第三人称单数形式。故填strengthens。
8．考查形容词。句意：这个过程既令人疲惫又充满魔力。作表语，主语为process应用形容词exhausting，故填exhausting。
9．考查名词的数。句意：一点一点地，他们的脚变得轻盈，动作迅速，对身体的控制能力也很好。body为可数名词，被their修饰应用复数形式。故填bodies。
10．考查定语从句。句意：“台上一分钟，台下十年”，这句话在业界反复出现，这句话提醒人们，要想取得令人印象深刻的成绩，必须有一个标准。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词saying，从句缺少主语，故填which。

(2023秋·河北保定·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I have been collecting the music of the Beatles from England for a long time. I first____1____(see) them on the television and I was____2____(entire) attracted at once by their great personalities and the fun they brought. Actually, it is funny in a way because my favorite song is Yesterday, ____3____is very sad. However, not all their songs are like that. Some are funny, others are cheerful and all express original____4____(idea) and have lovely tunes, which their fans are quite familiar____5____.
They were able to attach____6____(they) hopes and fears to their music. There is no doubt____7____their music is very popular and____8____(remember) many years from now on. They were____9____most famous band in the 1960s and it is still possible_____10_____(admire) their music even today.
【答案】
1．saw 2．entirely 3．which 4．ideas 5．with 6．their 7．that 8．will be remembered 9．the 10．to admire
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者喜欢英国甲壳虫乐队，介绍了其歌曲特色和成就。
1．考查动词时态。句意：我第一次在电视上看到他们，我完全被他们伟大的个性和他们带来的乐趣所吸引。根据后文I was可知，应用一般过去时。故填saw。
2．考查副词。句意：我第一次在电视上看到他们，我完全被他们伟大的个性和他们带来的乐趣所吸引。此处修饰动词attract，应用副词entirely，作状语。故填entirely。
3．考查定语从句。句意：事实上，这在某种程度上是有趣的，因为我最喜欢的歌是“昨天”，这是非常悲伤的。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Yesterday，指物，从句缺少主语，应用which引导。故填which。
4．考查名词复数。句意：有些有趣，有些欢快，都表达了原创的想法，有可爱的曲调，他们的粉丝都很熟悉。idea为可数名词，前文没有冠词，表示数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填ideas。
5．考查介词。句意：有些有趣，有些欢快，都表达了原创的想法，有可爱的曲调，他们的粉丝都很熟悉。固定短语be familiar with表示“熟悉”。故填with。
6．考查代词。句意：他们能够把他们的希望和恐惧与他们的音乐联系起来。此处修饰后文名词hopes and fears，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
7．考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，他们的音乐很受欢迎，许多年后人们还会记得他们。引导同位语从句，说明doubt的内容，从句不缺少成分句意完整，应用只起连接作用、无实意的引导。故填that。
8．考查时态语态。句意：毫无疑问，他们的音乐很受欢迎，许多年后人们还会记得他们。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文many years from now on可知，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be remembered。
9．考查冠词。句意：他们是20世纪60年代最著名的乐队，即使在今天，人们仍然可以欣赏他们的音乐。most famous是最高级，前面应用定冠词the。故填the。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们是20世纪60年代最著名的乐队，即使在今天，人们仍然可以欣赏他们的音乐。此处为固定句型it be adj. to do sth.，it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语。故填to admire。

(2023·全国·高一期末）语法填空
To me, life without music would not be _____1_____ (excite). I realise that this is not true for everybody. Many people get along quite well without _____2_____(go) to the concert or listening to the record. But music plays an important part _____3_____ everyone’s life, whether he _____4_____(realise) it or not. Now we have been speaking of music in its more common meaning — the kind of music we hear in the concert hall. We discover them in our everyday life too — in the rhythm of the sea, the melody of _____5_____ bird in the woods and so on. So music _____6_____ (sure) has meaning for everyone in some way or other. And of course, it has a special ____7____(mean) for those_____8_____ have spent all their lives _____9_____ (work) on playing or writing music. It is well said, “Through music a child enters a world of beauty, expresses_____10_____(him) from his heart, feels the joy of doing things alone, learns to take care of others, develops his mind and makes his body strong.’’
【答案】
1．exciting 2．going 3．in 4．realises 5．a 6．surely 7．meaning 8．who＃＃that 9．working 10．himself
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了音乐的功能和作用。
1．考查形容词。句意：对我来说，没有音乐的生活不会令人兴奋。根据“would not be”可知，空处需要填形容词作表语，excite是动词，表示“使激动”，形容词exciting表示“令人激动的”符合句意。故填exciting。
2．考查动名词。句意：许多人不去音乐会或者不听音乐也同样生活的很好。根据“without”可知，空处需要用动名词作宾语。故填going。
3．考查介词。句意：但是音乐在每个人的生活中都发挥重要作用，无论他是否意识到。play a part in...固定短语，表示“在……起作用”符合句意。故填in。
4．考查一般现在时。句意：但是音乐在每个人的生活中都发挥重要作用，无论他是否意识到。根据“whether he”可知，空处需要填谓语动词，描述现在的事情，用一般现在时。故填realises。
5．考查冠词。句意：我们在日常生活中也会发现它们，比如在大海的节奏里，在林中鸟儿的歌声中等等。根据“bird ”可知，空处需要填冠词，且bird首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
6．考查副词。句意：所以当然音乐在某种程度上对每个人都有意义。根据句意可知，此处需要副词来修饰动词，故填surely。
7．考查名词。句意：当然，对于那些毕生都致力于演奏或创作音乐的人来说，音乐有特殊的意义。根据“a special”可知，空处需要填单数名词。故填meaning。
8．考查定义从句。句意：当然，对于那些毕生都致力于演奏或创作音乐的人来说，音乐有特殊的意义。分析句子结构可知，“_____8_____have spent all their lives _____9_____ (work) on playing or writing music”是定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词是“those”指人，故用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，对于那些毕生都致力于演奏或创作音乐的人来说，音乐有特殊的意义。sb spend some time(in) doing sth固定短语表示“花费时间做某事”。故填working。
10．考查反身代词。句意：有句话说的很好——通过音乐，孩子进入了一个美丽的世界，能够发自内心地表达自己，感受独自做事的快乐，学会照顾别人并且能开拓思想，强健体魄。主语与宾语为同一个人时，宾语用反身代词，express oneself 表示“表达自己的思想”符合句意。故填himself。

(2023秋·安徽黄山·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Music, like mathematics, is a universal language. We can convey a variety of feelings and themes ___1___ touch the very depths of our soul with the ___2___(energy) movement of air through a trumpet (小号) or the gentle touch of fingers on a keyboard. Musicians are ___3___a unique advantage because they can have the opportunity___4___(communicate) universally and improve their brain health.
Recently, studies ___5___(show) that music training improves cognitive (认知的) abilities across our life span. Because ___6___(play) an instrument requires many different areas of the brain, it strengthens a variety of neuronal (神经元的) connections. Music training is ___7___(benefit) for overall health. A study that group musical activities are good___8___(way) to keep physical and psychological health has been proved. For example, a lowered risk of dementia (痴呆) has been associated with playing musical instruments.
In short, making music is ___9___(true) a whole-brain workout. Although those ____10____ begin music training at a young age seem to show the greatest benefits, research shows that it’s never too late to learn to play an instrument.
【答案】
1．which/that 2．energetic 3．at 4．to communicate 5．have shown 6．playing 7．beneficial 8．ways 9．truly 10．who
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍音乐不仅是一种世界通用的语言，而且是改善大脑健康的好方法。
1．考查定语从句。句意：我们可以通过小号充满活力的空气运动或手指在键盘上的轻柔触摸来传达各种各样的情感和主题，这些情感和主题触及我们的灵魂深处。句中先行词为feelings and themes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
2．考查形容词。句意：我们可以通过小号充满活力的空气运动或手指在键盘上的轻柔触摸来传达各种各样的情感和主题，这些情感和主题触及我们的灵魂深处。名词movement前用形容词修饰。故填energetic。
3．考查介词。句意：音乐家有一个独特的优势，因为他们有机会进行广泛的交流，并改善他们的大脑健康。at an advantage“处于有利地位；有利地”。故填at。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：音乐家有一个独特的优势，因为他们有机会进行广泛的交流，并改善他们的大脑健康。have an/the opportunity to do sth.“有做某事的机会”，不定式作后置定语。故填to communicate。
5．考查时态。句意：最近，研究表明，音乐训练可以提高我们一生的认知能力。分析句子可知，提示词是主句谓语动词，根据时间状语Recently可知，应用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数名词，助动词用have。故填have shown。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：因为演奏乐器需要大脑的许多不同区域，它加强了各种神经元的连接。分析句子结构可知，从句缺少主语，所以用动名词作主语。故填playing。
7．考查形容词。句意：音乐训练对整体健康有益。be beneficial for“对……有益”。故填beneficial。
8．考查名词的数。句意：一项研究证明，集体音乐活动是保持身心健康的好方法。名词way为可数名词，前无冠词，所以用名词的复数形式。故填ways。
9．考查副词。句意：简而言之，做音乐是真正的全脑锻炼。用副词形式在句中作状语，修饰系动词is。故填truly。
10．考查定语从句。句意：尽管那些从小就开始音乐训练的人似乎受益最大，但研究表明，学习一门乐器永远不会太迟。空格后是限制性定语从句，先行词为those，代指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。

自然灾害


(2023秋·云南楚雄·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Floods and landslides are hard ___1___ (avoid). However, to protect against them, people take a variety of measures. These could include passing various ___2___ (law)that prohibit(禁止) cutting down trees and building houses in these areas. Measures can ___3___ (take)at all levels so that no one is misusing or overusing their share of resources like water and food.
Areas ___4___ strong winds and tornadoes frequently happen need different precautionary(预防的) measures. Tornadoes and storms can be predicted(预测) to a degree in today’s world. Once one is predicted, ___5___ is important not to walk out without reason. Asking the kids to stay at home is another good measure. These areas usually have ___6___ (strong)built houses not to be damaged by extreme conditions. However, having a basement where you can stay and wait for the storm to pass ___7___ (be)not a bad idea. Make sure that the basement has ___8___ door that takes you directly out of the house in case that the house collapses(倒塌), you can get out of the basement.
To protect against natural disasters, safety measures need to be taken by governments. Communities need to have small plans in place because ___9___ the happening of a disaster. And the nearest people that can help you will be those ____10____ (live)in your neighborhood.
【答案】
1．to avoid 2．laws 3．be taken 4．where 5．it 6．strongly 7．is 8．a 9．of 10．living
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了预防各种灾害的措施。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：洪水和山体滑坡难以避免。“主语+be+形容词+动词不定式”，表示“……是怎样的”，此处表示洪水和山体滑坡难以避免。故填to avoid。
2．考查名词。句意：这些措施可能包括通过各种法律，禁止在这些地区砍伐树木和建造房屋。law为可数名词，此处表示“各种法律”，因此要用复数。故填laws。
3．考查被动语态。句意：可以在各级采取措施，使任何人都不会滥用或过度使用他们所拥有的资源，如水和食物。Measures与take之间构成被动关系, 所以此处用被动语态。故填be taken。
4．考查定语从句。句意：经常发生强风和龙卷风的地区需要采取不同的预防措施。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的关系词；从句中句子成分完整，因此需要填入关系副词，先行词为地点。故填where。
5．考查代词。句意：一旦被预言，重要的是不要无缘无故地退出。分析句子结构可知，句子真正主语为动词不定式，句子缺少形式主语，it+be+adj+to do sth.表示做某事怎么样的。故填it。
6．考查副词。句意：这些地区通常有坚固的房屋，不会被极端条件破坏。分析句子结构可知，此处位于动词之前修饰动词因此需要使用副词。故填strongly。
7．考查主谓一致。句意：然而，有一个地下室，你可以呆在那里等待风暴过去，这是个不错的主意。分析句子结构可知，从此处需要填入谓语动词，主语为“having a basement”，v-ing作主语谓语动词用单数。故填is。
8．考查冠词。句意：确保地下室有一扇门，可以直接带你出去，以防房子倒塌，你可以从地下室出来。分析句子结构可知，此处位于单数名词前，此处表示泛指，因此需要填入不定冠词。故填a。
9．考查介词。句意：为了防止自然灾害，政府需要采取安全措施。由于灾难的发生，社区需要有适当的小计划。根据句意可知此处表示“因为”，其后加的是动名词，所以需要用because of。故填of。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：离你最近的可以帮助你的人将是住在你附近的人。分析句子结构可知,此处需要填入非谓语动词， live与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系, 所以此处应该用ving作后置定语。故填living。

(2023春·甘肃白银·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A serious earthquake struck Indonesia’s Java Island last Monday, ____1____ (pull) down buildings and killing at least 162 people. ____2____ (hundred) of others were injured. The earthquake was centered near the town of Cianjur in West Java. It caused ____3____ great number of buildings to fall. At least 25 people ____4____ (stick) in destroyed buildings. Besides, more than 2,200 homes were damaged and more than 5,300 people became homeless.
The power cuts in the area were bad for some communication efforts. Many injured people were treated on the grounds of the main government hospital in Cianjur. Elsewhere, groups of people gathered outside buildings ____5____ had fallen down. Among many damaged buildings were an Islamic school, a hospital and other public buildings. The government was still working ____6____ (examine) the full level of damage. An official, Vidi Primadhania, was working in Jakarta when the quake happened, saying, “The quake felt so ____7____ (strength). My workmates and I decided to get out of our office on the ninth floor using the emergency stairs. Some workers who remained inside buildings took cover ____8____ their desks.”
In fact, the country ____9____ (regular) experiences earthquakes, volcanic activities and ocean waves. This is because Indonesia _____10_____ (sit) within the “Pacific Ring of Fire”, a collection of volcanoes and fault lines.
【答案】
1．pulling 2．Hundreds 3．a 4．were stuck 5．that/which 6．to examine 7．strong 8．under 9．regularly 10．sits
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚爪哇岛上发生的地震造成的损失并分析了该地区经常发生地震的原因。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意。上周一，印度尼西亚爪哇岛发生强烈地震，建筑物倒塌，造成至少162人死亡。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，pull与逻辑主语A serious earthquake之间为主动关系且与killing并列。故填pulling。
2．考查名词复数。句意：另有数百人受伤。固定短语hundreds of意为“成百上千的”，此处应为其名词复数。故填hundreds。
3．考查冠词。句意：它造成大量建筑物倒塌。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语a number of意为“许多的，大量的”，所以此处应为不定冠词，great的第一个音节为辅音音素，所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。
4．考查动词语态。句意：至少有25人被困在被毁的建筑物中。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，本文介绍的是过去的事情以及谓语动词caused等可知，此处应使用一般过去时，与主语at least 25 people之间为被动关系，主语是名词复数。故填were stuck。
5．考查定语从句。句意：其他地方，人们聚集在倒塌的建筑物外。分析句子结构可知，此处为限定性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词buildings，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：政府仍在努力检查受损程度。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示目的，所以应使用不定式形式，且表示主动意义。故填to examine。
7．考查形容词。句意：地震发生时，官员Vidi Primadhania正在雅加达工作，他说：“地震感觉很强烈。我和同事们决定从九楼的紧急楼梯离开我们的办公室。一些留在建筑物内的工人躲在桌子下面。”分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作表语，strength的形容词为strong意为“强烈的”符合句意。故填strong。
8．考查介词。句意：地震发生时，官员Vidi Primadhania正在雅加达工作，他说：“地震感觉很强烈。我和同事们决定从九楼的紧急楼梯离开我们的办公室。一些留在建筑物内的工人躲在桌子下面。”。分析句子结构可知，此处应为介词与空后名词构成介词短语作状语，根据句意可知，此处表示“在……下面”应为under。故填under。
9．考查副词。句意：事实上，这个国家经常经历地震、火山活动和海浪。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，修饰动词experiences，regular的副词为regularly意为“经常地”。故填regularly。
10．考查动词时态。句意：这是因为印度尼西亚位于“环太平洋火山带”，这是火山和断层线的集合。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据主句中的谓语动词is以及句意可知，此处描述的是客观事实，所以应使用一般现在时，与主语Indonesia之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填sits。

(2023秋·贵州黔东南·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Monday, May 12, 2008, an earthquake of magnitude 8.0___1___(strike) Wenchuan county, northwestern Sichuan Province, China.The earthquake caused great damage, killing over 80, 000 people, leaving many more  ___2___ (injure), and turning many towns and counties into___3___(ruin). The news on TV reported that the number of people who were killed in the earthquake___4___(be) more than 80, 000. People were___5___shock. It seemed as if the world were coming to___6___end. But hope was not lost.
The rescue work___7___followed was carried out by people from all over the country, even abroad. The army sent soldiers to Wen chuan___8___(dig)  out who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Now, more than 10 years on, the people suffered the earthquake are living a new life. The new towns have been___9___(creative) rebuilt by the government. With strong support from the government, the local people feel more____10____(confidence) about the future. Wenchuan has become a symbol of the Chinese spirit of never giving up.
【答案】
1．struck 2．injured 3．ruins 4．was 5．in 6．an 7．that/which 8．to dig 9．creatively 10．confident
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。介绍了汶川地震的状况以及救援和重建活动。
1．考查动词时态。句意：2008年5月12日，星期一，中国四川省西北部汶川县发生8.0级地震。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语“On Monday, May 12, 2008”可知应使用一般过去时。故填struck。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：地震造成了巨大的破坏，造成8万多人死亡，造成更多人受伤，许多城镇和县城变成了废墟。分析句子可知，空格处为宾语补足语，和宾语many more之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词。故填injured。
3．考查名词以及固定搭配。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处为介词的宾语， 构成固定短语turn sth into ruins“使……成为废墟”；ruin表示“废墟”常用复数形式。故填ruins。
4．考查时态及主谓一致。句意：电视上的新闻报道说，在地震中丧生的人数超过8万。分析句子可知，空格处为宾语从句系动词，主语是“the number of people”，谓语动词应使用单数形式，本文报道的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填was。
5．考查介词。句意：人们感到震惊。分析句子可知，空格处和名词shock构成固定介词短语in shock作表语，表示“震惊的”。故填in。
6．考查冠词及固定短语。句意：似乎世界到了末日。分析句子可知，空格处为固定短语come to an end“结束”。故填an。
7．考查定语从句。句意：随后的救援工作由来自全国各地，甚至国外的人员进行。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The rescue work，定语从句缺少主语，应使用关系代词that或者which引导该定语从句。故填that/which。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：军队派士兵到文川挖掘被困人员并埋葬死者。分析句子可知，空格处为目的状语，应使用不定式。故填to dig。
9．考查副词。句意：政府创造性地重建了这些新城镇。分析句子可知，空格处应使用副词creatively修饰动词rebuilt。故填creatively。
10．考查形容词。句意：在政府的大力支持下，当地人对未来更有信心。分析句子可知，空格处应使用形容词作表语，表示“有信心的”。故填confident。

(2023秋·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·高一统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Located in the north-cast of Italy, Venice is ____1____(know) as “The Floating City”. Venice is not a single island. It is made up of over 100 small islands, ____2____are connected by waterways and bridges. Even today, boats remain the most common way to travel around. Look anywhere in Venice, ____3____you will see ____4____(tradition) boats called “gondola”.
____5____(fortunate), water is also putting Venice in great danger. The Floating City is, in fact, sinking. But these floods could now be a thing of the past, thanks ____6____a new flood prevention project. Dozens of gates have been built to hold back the sea. Each of these gates ____7____(be) 20 meters wide, with the longest about 30 meters long, which will be raised to separate the city from the sea.
But only time will tell if this project is the right solution. The important thing is that action is being taken ____8____(protect) the city’s future ____9____(generation). And if it works, it means ____10____longer, drier future for Venice.
【答案】
1．known 2．which 3．and 4．traditional 5．Unfortunately 6．to 7．is 8．to protect 9．generations 10．a
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是水城威尼斯的现状及对它的保护措施。
1．考查过去分词。句意：威尼斯位于意大利北部，被誉为“漂浮的城市”。be known as意为“被称为”，固定搭配。故填known。
2．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：威尼斯不是一个单独的岛屿。它由100多个小岛组成，这些小岛由水路和桥梁连接。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为small islands，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
3．考查连词。句意：在威尼斯的任何地方，你都会看到被称为“贡多拉”的传统船只。此处为祈使句+and/or+简单句的结构，空前后意思为顺承关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
4．考查形容词。句意：在威尼斯的任何地方，你都会看到被称为“贡多拉”的传统船只。结合句意及空后的名词boats，可知应填形容词形式traditional，作定语，修饰名词boats。故填traditional。
5．考查副词。句意：不幸地是，水也使威尼斯处于极大的危险之中。结合句意空处应填副词形式，作状语，修饰整个句子，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Unfortunately。
6．考查介词。句意：但由于一项新的防洪工程，这些洪水现在可能成为过去。结合句意及空前的thanks可知应填介词to，短语thanks to意为“多亏；幸亏”，固定搭配。故填to。
7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这些门都是20米宽，最长的大约30米长，将被抬高，将城市与大海分开。空处为系动词，主语为Each，且此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式is。故填is。
8．考查不定式。句意：但只有时间才能证明这个项目是否是正确的解决方案。重要的是，我们正在采取行动保护这座城市的子孙后代。结合句意空处应填不定式的形式，作目的状语。故填to protect。
9．考查名词。句意：但只有时间才能证明这个项目是否是正确的解决方案。重要的是，我们正在采取行动保护这座城市的子孙后代。结合句意及空前的the city’s future 可知应填名词的复数形式generations，作宾语。故填generations。
10． 考查冠词。句意：如果这能奏效，就意味着威尼斯有一个更长久、更干燥的未来。结合句意可知此处应填冠词，表示“一个更长久、更干燥的未来”，为泛指，应用不定冠词，且longer的发音是辅音音素开头。故填a。

(2023秋·陕西宝鸡·高一统考期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The people ____1____ live in Wenchuan county will never forget the day 12 May, 2008.____2____8.0-magnitude earthquake that killed over 80,000 people and left many more ____3____(injure) turned many towns and counties into ruins. The rescue work that followed ____4____ (carry) out by people from all over the country, and even abroad.
Now, more than 10 ____5____ (year) on, the people who suffered the earthquake are living a new life. Many live in new towns that are earthquake-safe, in local communities that have been ____6____ (beautiful) rebuilt by the government. The people will never forget those who rescued them and helped them rebuild ____7____ (they) home. Out of gratitude, many young adults who were students during the earthquake have chosen to study medicine ____8____join the army in a wish to help more people. Wenchuan, the county was completely destroyed and then completely rebuilt, ____9____(become) a symbol of the Chinese spirit of never ____10____(give) up.
【答案】
1．who/that 2．The 3．injured 4．was carried 5．years 6．beautifully 7．their 8．or 9．has become 10．giving
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述2008年汶川遭受了严重的地震，十多年过去了，遭受地震的人们正在过着新的生活。汶川，这个被彻底摧毁后又完全重建的县城，已经成为中国永不放弃精神的象征。
1．考查定语从句。句意：生活在汶川县的人们永远不会忘记2008年5月12日。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是People，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。
2．考查定冠词。句意：这场8.0级地震造成8万多人死亡，更多的人受伤，许多城镇和县变成了废墟。此处特指“这场8.0级地震”，用定冠词the，首字母应大写。故填The。
3．考查形容词。句意同上。此处是“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，此处用形容词injured“受伤的”作宾补，表示宾语的状态。故填injured。
4．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：随后的救援工作是由来自全国各地，甚至国外的人进行的。句子是描述过去发生的事情，结合句意及“by people”可知，主语work和动词carry之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词用was。故填was carried。
5．考查名词复数。句意：现在，10多年过去了，地震灾民开始了新的生活。year年，是可数名词，由空前的“more than 10”可知应用复数形式。故填years。
6．考查副词。句意：许多人住在抗震的新城镇，当地社区已经被政府漂亮地重建了。此处修饰动词rebuilt，应用副词形式。故填beautifully。
7．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：人民永远不会忘记那些拯救他们、帮助他们重建家园的人。此处应用形容词性物主代词，修饰名词home。故填their。
8．考查连词。句意：出于感激，许多在地震中当过学生的年轻人选择学医或参军，希望帮助更多的人。结合句意可知，study medicine和join the army之间是选择关系，应用连词or。故填or。
9．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：汶川，这个县被彻底摧毁，然后完全重建，已经成为中国永不放弃精神的象征。结合句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语Wenchuan表示单数意义，助动词用has，故填has become。
10．考查动名词。句意同上。此处作介词of的宾语，应用动名词。故填giving。

(2023秋·广东汕尾·高一统考期末）阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chongqing—Since August 21, thousands of firefighters, armed police, and volunteers have been fighting the wildfire in Beibei, as the forest of Jinyun Mountain was burning for the ____1____ (five) day.
Due to the ____2____ (extreme) hot weather in recent days, Chongqing ____3____(fight) several forest fires around the mountains, ____4____ have drawn global attention.
Most of the sites have announced ____5____ (success) fire suppression (压制). Still, the fire is in a severe state.
Even though the road to the fire site ____6____ (block) due to safety concerns, warmhearted volunteers, mostly young people, still flooded in ____7____(offer) help. On the scene, the volunteer leaders used loudspeakers to organize volunteers to carry and move ____8____ (supply), mainly water and ice. Liu Zhongliang, 24 years old, came with a veteran (退伍军人) organization of more than ten members. ____9____ group was waiting at the campsite at the foot of the mountain for a call for assistance.
“We are a community,” said Liu. “Let’s get together ____10____ try to solve this problem.”
【答案】
1．fifth 2．extremely 3．has fought 4．which 5．successful 6．was blocked 7．to offer 8．supplies 9．The 10．and
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了重庆在极端高温条件下成功扑灭野火。
1．考查数词。句意：重庆消息，自8月21日以来，数千名消防员、武警和志愿者一直在与北碚区的野火进行战斗，因为缙云山的森林已经燃烧了第五天。根据从句用的是过去进行时，表示的是第五天依旧在燃烧，所以空处填序数词。故填fifth。
2．考查副词。句意：由于近日来极端炎热的天气，重庆周边山区已发生多起森林火灾扑救，引起全球关注。分析句子结构可知，空后是形容词hot，空处应用副词作状语修饰空后形容词，extreme的副词形式是extremely。故填extremely。
3．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：由于近日来极端炎热的天气，重庆周边山区已发生多起森林火灾扑救，引起全球关注。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以fight作本句谓语，根据时间状语in recent days，应该用现在完成时，主语是Chongqing，为第三人称单数。故填has fought。
4．考查定语从句关系词。句意：由于近日来极端炎热的天气，重庆周边山区已发生多起森林火灾扑救，引起全球关注。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句提到的事，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
5．考查形容词。句意：大部分现场都宣布成功扑灭了火灾。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词短语fire suppression，所以空处应填形容词作定语，success的形容词形式是successful。
6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：尽管出于安全考虑，通往火灾现场的道路被封锁，但以年轻人为主的热心志愿者仍然涌入提供帮助。分析句子结构可知，从句缺少谓语动词，所以block作从句谓语，从句主语是the road，为第三人陈单数，和从句谓语是被动关系，应该用被动语态，讲述的是过去发生的事，应该用一般现在时。故填was blocked。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管出于安全考虑，通往火灾现场的道路被封锁，但以年轻人为主的热心志愿者仍然涌入提供帮助。分析句子结构可知，主句已有谓语flooded in，所以offer应用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语是warmhearted volunteers，两者间是主动关系，此处表目的，应该用不定式形式。故填to offer。
8．考查名词。句意：在现场，志愿者领导用扩音器组织志愿者搬运物资，主要是水和冰。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词carry and move，后应接名词，构成动宾关系，supply意为“供给之物”时，是可数名词，此处应该用复数形式。故填supplies。
9．考查冠词。句意：这群人在山脚下的营地等待救援电话。分析句子结构可知，此处的group为上文提到的a veteran organization of more than ten members，上文提到的人或事，下文再提到时，前应加定冠词the，又位于句首，首字母应大写。故填The。
10．考查连词。句意：让我们一起努力解决这个问题。分析句子结构可知，“Let’s get together”和“try to solve this problem”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。

(2023秋·内蒙古巴彦淖尔·高一巴彦淖尔中学校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
On September 19, 2017, a deadly earthquake ____1____ (hit) Mexico, killing more than 300 people and ____2____ (destroy) many buildings in Mexico City. In the days that followed, rescue teams went out to search ____3____ people trapped by the earthquake. Among the humans digging through the ruins was a four-legged helper ____4____ (name) Frida.
Frida, ____5____ sniffer dog(嗅探犬), serves in the Mexican Navy(海军). She is a valuable member of her rescue team, often getting into spaces ____6____ humans can’t reach. According to the Navy, she has a “sixth sense” for finding humans, and that’s unlike any other dog they’ve ever trained before. ____7____ is her job to smell out people trapped by natural disasters. Frida has found 52 people after earthquakes and other disasters in Mexico and 12 of them were found alive and ____8____ (successful) rescued.
Since the Mexican Navy ____9____ (share) a picture of the rescue dog on the Internet, Frida has been considered a hero. Like the rest of rescue ____10____ (worker), she is a hero to the victims(受害者)and their loved ones.
【答案】
1．hit 2．destroying 3．for 4．named 5．a 6．that/which 7．It 8．successfully 9．shared 10．workers
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只叫做Frida的搜救犬，在地震等灾难过后，协助救援人员进行及时有效的搜救的故事。
1．考查一般过去时词。句意：2017年9月19日，墨西哥发生大地震，造成300多人死亡，墨西哥城许多建筑物被毁。根据句中时间状语“On September 19, 2017（2017年9月19）”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，因此谓语动词需使用一般过去时。故填hit。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年9月19日，墨西哥发生大地震，造成300多人死亡，墨西哥城许多建筑物被毁。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用非谓语动词作状语，并且与killing通过and构成并列关系，主语earthquake与destroy是主动关系，因此需要使用现在分词形式，故填destroying。
3．考查介词搭配。句意：在接下来的日子里，救援队外出搜寻被地震困住的人。search for...“寻找，搜救……”是固定短语。故填for。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：在废墟中挖掘的人中有一个名叫Frida的四条腿的帮手。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用非谓语动词作定语修饰名词helper，helper与name是被动关系，因此需要使用过去分词形式，故填named。
5．考查不定冠词。句意：Frida是一只嗅探犬，在墨西哥海军服役。dog是可数名词，此处表示泛指，即“一只嗅探犬”，且sniffer的发音是辅音音素开头，故填a。
6．考查定语从句。句意：她是救援队的重要成员，经常进入人类无法到达的空间。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用关系代词引导定语从句，修饰名词spaces，关系代词在从句中作reach的宾语，因此可使用that/which。故填that/which。
7．考查代词。句意：她的工作是嗅出被自然灾害困住的人。根据所给句子分析可知，句中“to smell out people trapped by natural disasters.”（嗅出被自然灾害困住的人）是句子真正的主语，所以此处需要使用it作为形式主语。故填it。
8．考查副词。句意：Frida在墨西哥地震和其他灾难后发现了52人，其中12人还活着，并成功获救。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用副词修饰rescued。故填successfully。
9．考查一般过去时。句意：自从墨西哥海军在互联网上分享了这只搜救犬的照片后，Frida就被视为英雄。根据句中时间状语连词since及主语谓语has been considered可知，此处谓语为一般过去时，表示自从过去的某一时间起，故填shared。
10．考查名词。句意：像其他救援人员一样，她是受害者和他们的亲人的英雄。根据所给句子分析可知，此处the rest of（剩余的）作定语修饰worker，表示复数，因此需使用名词复数形式，故填workers。

(2023秋·河北唐山·高一滦南县第一中学校考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
At 3:42 a. m., on 28 July 1976, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20 th century began in Tangshan. It seemed as if the world were coming to ____1____ end! Nearly everything in the city ____2____ (destroy). The number of people who were killed or badly injured ____3____ (be) more than 400,000, ____4____ (leave) thousands of children without parents. Then later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even ____5____ (many) buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard ____6____ (get). People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
But hope was not lost. Rescuers, including soldiers, doctors, nurses and workers came to help. The soldiers dug out the people who were trapped and buried the ____7____ (death).
Workers built shelters for those ____8____ had lost their homes. ____9____ (slow), the city began to breathe and revive itself. ____10____ strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built on the earthquake ruins.
【答案】
1．an 2．was destroyed 3．was 4．leaving 5．more 6．to get 7．dead 8．who 9．Slowly 10．With
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了1976年发生的唐山大地震的情况。
1．考查冠词。句意：好像世界末日要来了！come to an end固定搭配，意为“结束”，故填an。
2．考查时态和语态。句意： 城里几乎所有的东西都被毁了。空处在句中作谓语，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，主语Nearly everything和动词destroy是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动，主语是不不定代词，谓语动词应用单数，所以be动词应用was，故填was destroyed。
3．考查主谓一致和时态。句意：死亡或严重受伤的人数超过40万，使成千上万的儿童失去了父母。空处在主句中作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语是The number of people，the number of“……的数量”，谓语动词应用单数，故填was。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：死亡或严重受伤的人数超过40万，使成千上万的儿童失去了父母。句中有谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，表示自然而然的结果，故填leaving。
5．考查比较级。句意：甚至更多的建筑物倒塌了。由even和句意可知，此处表示“更多的建筑物”，应用比较级more作定语，修饰buildings，故填more。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：水、食物和电都很难得到。sth. be +形容词+to do意为“做某事是……”，其中do的宾语是主语sth.，所以此处应用不定式作主语补足语，故填to get。
7．考查形容词。句意： 士兵们挖出被困的人并埋葬了死者。根据句意可知，此处表示“死者”，“the +形容词”表示一类人，所以此处the dead表示“死者”，在句中作宾语，故填dead。
8．考查定语从句。句意：工人们为那些失去家园的人们建造了庇护所。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为those，指代那些人，且从句缺少主语，只能用who来引导，故填who。
9．考查副词。句意：慢慢地，城市开始呼吸和复苏。此处应用副词来修饰整个句子，作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Slowly。
10．考查介词。句意：由于政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上建成。根据句意可知，此处表示“由于”，应用介词with，和后面的短语一起在句中作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填With。

(2023秋·云南昆明·高一东川明月中学校考期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
California is burning! Wildfires have spread (传播) across the US state and smoke ___1___ (fill) its skies since Oct 23. Take the Kincade Fire in northern California for example. It forced 200,000 people ___2___ (escape) from its path within one week.
California has seen many ___3___ (wildfire) in recent years. Why is this? California has the perfect wildfire conditions, Park Williams, ___4___ is a US climate expert, told The New York Times. It has dry air and high temperatures from spring through late fall. At ___5___ same time, seasonal winds blow across the state every year, ___6___ (cause) the wildfires to spread quickly and last for weeks.
Global warming has also made the fires ___7___ (bad) than before. It has dried out the state’s trees and other plants, which makes them burn ___8___ (easy). There are also other causes for California’s wildfires. ___9___, it’s humans that have caused 90 percent of them, according____10____ the US National Park Service.
【答案】
1．has filled 2．to escape 3．wildfires 4．who 5．the 6．causing 7．worse 8．easily 9．However 10．to
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了加利福尼亚近些年发生的山火及其带来的影响，并且介绍了引起山火的原因。
1．考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是句子谓语动词，由上文的have spread判断为现在完成时，主语smoke不可数，故填has filled。
2．考查固定短语。分析句子可知，此处是短语force sb. to do sth.“强迫某人做某事”，故填to escape。
3．考查名词的数。根据many，判断此处应用复数名词作为see的宾语，故填wildfires。
4．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词Park Williams，在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词who，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填who。
5．考查冠词。此处是固定短语at the same time“同时”，故填the。
6．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语是前面的整个句子，它和cause之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填causing。
7．考查形容词比较级。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作宾补，再由than判断用比较级，故填worse。
8．考查副词。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词burn，故填easily。
9．考查副词。句意：然而，根据美国国家公园管理局的说法，是人类造成了其中的90%。根据句意可知，上下文是转折关系，句子第一个单词的首字母大写，故填However。
10．考查介词。此处考查固定短语according to“根据”，故填to。