专题09 阅读表达专项训练——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末知识点精讲+训练学案（外研版2019）

这是一份专题09 阅读表达专项训练——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末知识点精讲+训练学案（外研版2019），文件包含专题09单元主题阅读表达专项训练解析版docx、专题09单元主题阅读表达专项训练原卷版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共42页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题09 单元主题阅读表达专项训练
（天津市河东区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末质量检测英语试卷）阅读短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。
The most wonderful thing that has come into my life is a Golden Retriever called Bonny. Bonny has been trained by an organization called Assistance Dogs for Independence, so she could help me become independent. I often rely on other people in my life, and it even keeps me from making my own decisions in most situations. Why? Because when you have to depend on others, the decision does not become totally yours.
I developed Cerebral Palsy(脑瘫) at the age of twelve months as a result of food poisoning(中毒). That made me physically disabled, making me totally rely on others. Because of that, I often felt sad. I considered myself to be useless and was often in a low mood.
My recent visit to the Spastic Centre with Bonny caused the therapists(治疗师) to notice the change in my attitude and mood. They always tried to help me become positive, but they said it was Bonny that had made such a difference. They were so impressed that they invited me to talk to Assistance Dogs for Independence about such dogs because they were sure that other people like me would also need the assistance of such a dog.
I totally agreed with them and decided to do that. The costs of carers who are paid to help people like me are very high. And family members have to spend a lot of time taking care of such people as me. With such a dog as Bonny, things could be much easier.
However, I will still need the carers’ help in areas where a dog can’t help. I just want to say such a dog is really helpful to such people as me.
1．Why can’t the author make his own decisions sometimes? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
2．How did the author develop Cerebral Palsy? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
3．What does the underlined word “assistance” in Paragraph 3 mean? (1 word)
___________________________________________________________________________
4．What does the author think of carers for such people as him? (No more than 5 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
5．What do you think of such dogs as Bonny after reading the text? Why? (No more than 20 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．Because he has to depend on others.
2．As a result of food poisoning.
3．Help.
4．The carers are vey expensive.
5．Such dogs are helpful. Because with the accompany and assistance of Bonny, the author has become positive.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一个脑瘫病人，拥有了一只叫邦尼的金毛猎犬，这只狗的陪伴和帮助，使作者逐渐开朗积极起来。同时，作者也乐意将这种经历分享给和他一样的人，希望其他像他一样的人也有这种狗的陪伴和帮助。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段内容“I often rely on other people in my life, and it even keeps me from making my own decisions in most situations. Why? Because when you have to depend on others, the decision does not become totally yours.(在我的生活中，我经常依赖别人，这甚至让我在大多数情况下无法自己做决定。为什么？因为当你不得不依赖他人时，决定并不完全是你的。)”可知，作者有时无法自己做决定的原因是作者不得不依赖别人。故答案为：Because he has to depend on others.
2．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段内容“I developed Cerebral Palsy at the age of twelve months as a result of food poisoning.(我在12个月大的时候因为食物中毒患上了脑瘫。)”可知，作者患上脑瘫是12月大时食物中毒导致的。故答案为：As a result of food poisoning.
3．考查词义猜测。分析语境可知，“such a dog”指的是像作者的狗邦尼一样的狗，根据第一段中“so she could help me become independent(这样她就可以帮助我变得独立)”以及划线单词所在句子上文“They always tried to help me become positive, but they said it was Bonny that had made such a difference.(他们总是努力帮助我变得积极，但他们说，是邦尼让我变得如此不同。)”可知，邦尼对作者起到的是帮助作用，由此可推知，“assistance”应是指狗带给作者的帮助，治疗师认为其他像作者一样的病人也需要这种狗的帮助。“assistance”即意为“help”。故答案为：Help.
4．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段内容“The costs of carers who are paid to help people like me are very high.(雇护工来帮助像我这样的人的费用非常高。)”可知，作者认为护工的费用很高。故答案为：The carers are vey expensive.
5．开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据文章第三段内容“My recent visit to the Spastic Centre with Bonny caused the therapists to notice the change in my attitude and mood. They always tried to help me become positive, but they said it was Bonny that had made such a difference.(我最近和邦尼一起去了痉挛中心，治疗师注意到了我态度和情绪的变化。他们总是努力帮助我变得积极，但他们说，是邦尼让我变得如此不同。)”可知，像邦尼这种狗对作者这样的人来说是有帮助的，因为它的陪伴让作者有了积极的情绪。故答案为：Such dogs are helpful. Because with the accompany and assistance of Bonny, the author has become positive.

（天津市武清区2022-2023英语高一上学期期末英语试卷）阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
In my early 30s, I struggled to find a dream job. One of my friends reminded me that I’d always loved beauty, and suggested I apply for a licence, which would give me the freedom to set up my own business.
However, the only problem was that tuition fees were $6,000, which was out of my budget. I knew that my salary wouldn’t cover all the fees, even if I worked extra hours every day. I’d seen others set up crowdfunding papers to help them achieve their goals. I thought I’d do the same. Then, on a Friday night, I received a large amount of money in my bank account, which made me really surprised. There had been some mistakes. I assumed it was an illegal trick.
It turned out to be a donation. The name on it is one I instantly recognized: Chrissy Teigen, my favorite TV host. She had left a note: “I’ve seen that this has been your dream for such a long time. I’m so happy to lend you a hand.” I called my mom immediately. I was crying and not making much sense. I just managed to say that Chrissy Telgen had made my dream come true.
The amount might have been a drop in the ocean for her, but it was life-changing for me. Lots of other people donated after her. Soon I paid all the fees for the course. I couldn’t have been happier. I’ve now set up my own business, and I always think about Chrissy’s generosity. I did thank her, and I still follow each other on Twitter. Hopefully, I will be able to give her a beauty treatment someday.
1．What prevented the author from setting up her own business? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
2．What was the author’s first reaction to the donation in her bank account? (No more than 15 words).
___________________________________________________________________________
3．Who donated the money to the author? (No more than 5 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
4．How do you understand the underlined part “a drop in the ocean”? (No more than 5 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
5．Write about someone who once helped you through difficult times. (No more than 25 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．She couldn’t afford tuition for a license.
2．She was really surprised and thought it was an illegal trick.
3．Her favorite TV host.或Chrissy Teigen.
4．A very small amount.
5．Open.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者30岁出头的时候，她努力寻找一份理想的工作。她的一个朋友建议作者申请执照，自由创业，但是学费超出了她的预算。最后，她最喜欢的电视主持人克丽丝·泰根慷慨地资助了她，帮她实现了的梦想，她对此充满感激。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“However, the only problem was that tuition fees were $6,000, which was out of my budget. I knew that my salary wouldn’t cover all the fees, even if I worked extra hours every day.(然而，唯一的问题是学费是6000美元，这超出了我的预算。我知道，即使我每天加班，我的工资也不足以支付所有的费用)”可知，作者付不起获得执照的学费，这阻碍了她自己创业。故填She couldn’t afford tuition for a license.
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Then, on a Friday night, I received a large amount of money in my bank account, which made me really surprised. There had been some mistakes. I assumed it was an illegal trick.(然后，在一个周五的晚上，我的银行账户里收到了一大笔钱，这让我很惊讶。有一些错误。我以为这是个非法的把戏)”可知，作者对她银行账户里的捐款的第一反应是很惊讶，认为这是一个非法的把戏。故填She was really surprised and thought it was an illegal trick.
3．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It turned out to be a donation. The name on it is one I instantly recognized: Chrissy Teigen, my favorite TV host.(结果是一笔捐赠。上面的名字我一眼就认出来了：克丽丝·泰根，我最喜欢的电视主持人)”可知，作者最喜欢的电视主持人克丽丝•泰根给她捐款了。故填Her favorite TV host.或Chrissy Teigen.
4．考查词句猜测。根据最后一段中的“The amount might have been a drop in the ocean for her, but it was life-changing for me.(这笔钱对她来说可能只是沧海一粟，但对我来说却改变了我的一生)”并结合上文可知，克丽丝·泰根给作者捐了一笔钱，此处的“沧海一粟”意为“一个非常小的金额”。故填A very small amount.
5．开放性试题。作答时，注意时态、人称、主谓一致及词数限制，避免语法错误。

（北京市石景山区2022-2023学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Adilah was 10 years old when she started reading newspaper stories. One story was about sharks. They had plastic in their stomachs. Adilah knew she needed to do something. First, she joined a group. It organized clean-up activities in Dubai, her home city. “The group helps me understand what a person can do and how I can really make a difference.” she says.
Then Adilah created Kids for a Better World. Its goal is to fight climate change. It has brought together nearly 10, 000 youths. They come from all over the world. Kids for a Better World is for people aged 8 to 16. It teaches them about what they can do to deal with climate change. They can grow food or plant trees. They can collect recyclables. “This is the information which can help change our future.” Adilah says.
Dubai is a desert big city. Growing up there has made Adilah understand the need for action. Her city faces the risks of rising temperatures and less water supply. She believes young people can bring attention to these environmental challenges.
Adilah is all about small actions. But she has big plans. She’d like to go to college in California. While she’s there, she’ll continue being an activist. She wil1 also be running Kids for a Better World. She hopes to encourage others to fight for a greener planet.
1．Where is Adilah’s home city?
___________________________________________________________________________
2．What risks does Adilah’s city face?
___________________________________________________________________________
3．Please underline the false part in the following statement and explain why.
➢Adilah created Kids for a Better World, whose goal is to teach youths how to grow food or plant trees.
___________________________________________________________________________
4．Among Adilah’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why? (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．It’s in Dubai.
2．It faces the risks of rising temperatures and less water supply.
3．Adilah created Kids for a Better World, whose goal is to teach youths how to grow food or plant trees. Because according to the statement in paragraph 2 of the passage “Its goal is to fight climate change”, we can know that the goal of Kids for a Better World is to fight climate change.
4．Being ambitious is important. Because according to the last paragraph, we can learn that she is ambitious as she has big plans, which can help her to organize and encourage youths to fight for a greener planet.
【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个名叫Adilah的女孩，为了保护家乡的环境，应对不断变化的气候而做出的努力。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“It organized clean-up activities in Dubai, her home city. ”（它在迪拜、她的家乡组织了清洁活动。）可知，Adilah的家乡城市在迪拜。故答案为：It’s in Dubai.
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Her city faces the risks of rising temperatures and less water supply. ”（她所在的城市面临着气温上升和供水减少的风险。）可知，Adilah的城市面临着气温上升和供水减少的风险。故答案为：It faces the risks of rising temperatures and less water supply.
3．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Then Adilah created Kids for a Better World. Its goal is to fight climate change. ”（然后Adilah创造了儿童更美好的世界，其目标是对抗气候变化。）可知，Adilah创建的Kids for Better World的目标对抗气候变化，而不是种植食物或树木，所以题目中所给句子中的“grow food or plant trees”（种植食物或树木）是错误的，为划线部分；用英语解释原因，答案为：Because according to the statement in paragraph 2 of the passage “Its goal is to fight climate change”, we can know that the goal of Kids for a Better World is to fight climate change.
4．开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据最后一段“But she has big plans. ”（但她有远大的计划）和“she’ll continue being an activist. She wil1 also be running Kids for a Better World. She hopes to encourage others to fight for a greener planet.”（她会继续做一个积极分子，她还将运营Kid for a Better World，她希望鼓励其他人为绿色地球而奋斗。）并结合全文可知，她是个有雄心壮志的人，这一点可以帮助组织并鼓励青少年们为保护环境、建造绿色家园而努力，对我们是很重要的。故答案为：Being ambitious is important . Because according to the last paragraph, we can learn that she is ambitious as she has big plans, which can help her to organize and encourage youths to fight for a greener planet.

（天津市红桥区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末英语试题）阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
Aesha Ash spent most of her life ballet (芭蕾舞) dancing and even turned it into a career as a member of the New York City Ballet. As much as she loved to dance, she found the weight of her responsibility heavy because she was often the only African American ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) in her classes and company.
After retiring (退休) from ballet in 2007, Aesha enjoyed the quiet life for more than ten years before she decided to come back to ballet, but in a completely new way. She started The Swan Dreams Project that helps kids in poor areas get into the world of ballet.
Aesha set up a one-week camp that invited kids to not only learn the basics of ballet, but also get an introduction to French (since she says it is “the language of ballet”).
Her first camp was in 2018 in a poor neighborhood in New York. When she arrived she was greeted by dozens of students, most of whom were African Americans. She wanted to help kids who otherwise might not have ever had the chance to live in the world of ballet.
On the final day of camp, after a week of learning, the students put on a final performance for their family and friends. Before the performance, Aesha said she was nervous that it would be less of a performance and more of a mess, since the campers were all between 8 and 11 years old. Much to her surprise, it turned out to be perfect. She said, “When we went out to our first circle and the kids began counting in French and performing the steps they had just learned, my heart melted.”
Aesha continues to do whatever she can to help kids learn ballet. She found a way to turn that seemingly unbearable weight she once carried around into something good for kids, as well as for the world of ballet.
1．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 probably mean? (1 word)
___________________________________________________________________________
2．When did Aesha decide to start The Swan Dreams Project? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
3．Where was Aesha’s one-week camp first held? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
4．Why was Aesha surprised on the final day of her first camp? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
5．What kind of person is Aesha? Please explain or give an example. (No more than 20 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．Duty.
2．About ten years after her retirement.
3．In a poor neighborhood in New York.
4．Because the campers gave a good final performance.
5．She is a responsible woman full of love. She started a camp to help kids in poor areas.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Aesha Ash是一名非裔美国芭蕾舞演员，非常热爱芭蕾舞，退休十年后，决定以一种全新的方式重新回到芭蕾舞界。她发起了“天鹅梦计划”，帮助贫困地区的孩子们进入芭蕾舞的世界。
1．词义猜测题。根据下文“because she was often the only African American ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) in her classes and company.( 因为她经常是班里和舞团中唯一的非裔美国芭蕾舞演员)”前后两句为因果关系，所以可推断上文意思是她发现自己责任重，有压力，故猜测“responsibility”意为“责任，职责”。故答案为Duty.。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“After retiring (退休) from ballet in 2007, Aesha enjoyed the quiet life for more than ten years before she decided to come back to ballet, but in a completely new way. She started The Swan Dreams Project that helps kids in poor areas get into the world of ballet. ( 2007年从芭蕾舞界退休后，Aesha享受了十多年平静的生活，之后她决定以一种全新的方式重新回到芭蕾舞界。她发起了“天鹅梦计划”，帮助贫困地区的孩子们进入芭蕾舞的世界)”由此可知，是在她退休十年后发起的这个计划、故答案为About ten years after her retirement.。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Her first camp was in 2018 in a poor neighborhood in New York. (她的第一个营地是2018年在纽约的一个贫困社区)”由此可知，她的第一个营地是在纽约的一个贫困社区。故答案为In a poor neighborhood in New York.。
4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Much to her surprise, it turned out to be perfect. She said, “When we went out to our first circle and the kids began counting in French and performing the steps they had just learned, my heart melted.” (令她大为惊讶的是，它竟然是完美的。她说:“当我们第一次出去玩时，孩子们开始用法语数数，并表演他们刚刚学会的舞步时，我的心都融化了。”)”由此可知，Aesha在第一个营地的最后一天感到惊讶是因为她担心的并没有出现，露营者们最后给了她一个完美的演出。故答案为Because the campers gave a good final performance.。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“As much as she loved to dance, she found the weight of her responsibility heavy because she was often the only African American ballerina (芭蕾舞女演员) in her classes and company.(尽管她很喜欢跳舞，但她发现自己责任的重量很重，因为她经常是班里和舞团中唯一的非裔美国芭蕾舞演员)”和第二段“After retiring (退休) from ballet in 2007, Aesha enjoyed the quiet life for more than ten years before she decided to come back to ballet, but in a completely new way. She started The Swan Dreams Project that helps kids in poor areas get into the world of ballet. ( 2007年从芭蕾舞界退休后，Aesha享受了十多年平静的生活，之后她决定以一种全新的方式重新回到芭蕾舞界。她发起了“天鹅梦计划”，帮助贫困地区的孩子们进入芭蕾舞的世界)”可推断出Aesha是一个有责任感的充满爱心的人。她发起了“天鹅梦计划”，帮助贫困地区的孩子们进入芭蕾舞的世界也证明了这一点。故答案为She is a responsible woman full of love. She started a camp to help kids in poor areas.。

（天津市部分区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末练习英语试题）阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
When I was 10, my friend Sydney suffered from a brain cancer. Sydney fought against it, but the cancer did not respond to the treatment, and could not be removed. Sydney died at the age of 11.
After her death, I felt sad and discouraged. I decided to turn these negative emotions into positive actions. When I was 15 years old, I founded the Pink Polka Dots Guild (PPD) with two friends. My goal is to raise enough money to find a cure for brain cancer, which is the second most common cancer in children.
Over the years, PPD had held fundraisers (募捐活动) across the city. The first Pink Polka Dots Guild event, a garage sale, just raised $900, but our latest fundraiser, the 2012 golf tournament, brought in over $73,000. In the past five years, we have raised almost a million dollars to help do a research on removing brain cancer.
I’ve been shocked by the public recognition that PPD has earned. It received an award from President. This great honour raised awareness and money for our cause.
The efforts that we have made has truly helped cancer research. PPD has provided start-up funding for scientific discoveries, such as “Tumor Paint”, which illuminates (照射) cancerous cells so that doctors can remove them with amazing accuracy. The discovery appeared in Time Magazine. I was very proud to have helped fund the research of this life-saving technology.
Pink Polka Dots has inspired me to be an activist. My experience has taught me that with devotion, it is possible to make a difference in the world. The determination that Pink Polka Dots set off in me has carried over to all aspects of my life, making me a competitive speaker and a devoted volunteer.
1．What happened to Sydney when she was 11? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
2．What does PPD aim to do? (No more than 14 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
3．What does the underlined word “removing” in Paragraph 3 mean? (No more than 5 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
4．Why did the author feel proud according to Paragraph 5? (No more than 15 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
5．What can we learn from the author’s experience according to the passage? (No more Than 25 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．Sydney died at the age of 11.
2．PPD aims to raise money to help do a research on removing brain cancer.
3．Cut off.
4．Because he found PPD, which has helped fund the research of life-saving technology.
5．We have learned that it is possible to make a difference in the world with devotion.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述在作者11岁的时候，他的朋友Sydney因为脑癌去世，因此他15岁的时候和朋友成立PPD募捐活动，募集资金帮助寻找脑癌的治疗方法。PPD募捐活动得到公众的认可，并且为一些科学发现提供了启动资金，作者的经验告诉我们只要付出，就有可能改变世界。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“When I was 10, my friend Sydney suffered from a brain cancer. Sydney fought against it, but the cancer did not respond to the treatment, and could not be removed. Sydney died at the age of 11. (在我10岁的时候，我的朋友Sydney患了脑癌。Sydney与癌症作了斗争，但是癌症对治疗没有反应，也不能切除。Sydney 11岁时就去世了。)”由此可知，Sydney在11岁时由于脑癌去世了。故答案为Sydney died at the age of 11.
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Over the years, PPD had held fundraisers (募捐活动) across the city. The first Pink Polka Dots Guild event, a garage sale, just raised $900, but our latest fundraiser, the 2012 golf tournament, brought in over $73,000. In the past five years, we have raised almost a million dollars to help do a research on removing brain cancer. (多年来，PPD在整个城市举办募捐活动。第一次PPD公会活动，一场车库甩卖，刚刚筹集了900美元，但我们最新的筹款活动，2012年的高尔夫锦标赛，筹集了超过73000美元。在过去的五年里，我们已经筹集了近一百万美元来帮助进行一项移除脑癌的研究。)”以及第五段“The efforts that we have made has truly helped cancer research. PPD has provided start-up funding for scientific discoveries (我们所做的努力确实帮助了癌症研究。PPD为一些科学发现提供了启动资金)”可知，PPD活动旨在筹集资金帮助移除脑癌的研究。故答案为PPD aims to raise money to help do a research on removing brain cancer.
3．考查词句猜测。根据第二段“When I was 15 years old, I founded the Pink Polka Dots Guild (PPD) with two friends. My goal is to raise enough money to find a cure for brain cancer, which is the second most common cancer in children. (当我15岁的时候，我和两个朋友一起创建了PPD。我的目标是筹集足够的资金来找到脑癌的治疗方法，脑癌是儿童中第二常见的癌症。)”再根据划线处后面的brain cancer，可知是找到治疗方法消除或者切除脑癌，所以推断removing意为“消除，移除，切除”。故答案为Cut off.
4．考查推理判断。根据第五段“The efforts that we have made has truly helped cancer research. PPD has provided start-up funding for scientific discoveries, such as “Tumor Paint”, which illuminates (照射) cancerous cells so that doctors can remove them with amazing accuracy. The discovery appeared in Time Magazine. I was very proud to have helped fund the research of this life-saving technology. (我们所做的努力确实帮助了癌症研究。PPD为一些科学发现提供了启动资金，比如“肿瘤染色”，它能照亮癌细胞，这样医生就能以惊人的准确性切除它们。这一发现刊登在《时代》杂志上。我很自豪能够资助这项拯救生命的技术的研究。)”由此可推断出，作者创立的PPD为一些科学发现提供了资金，为这些研究提供了帮助，所以作者感到很自豪。故答案为Because he found PPD, which has helped fund the research of life-saving technology.
5．考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Pink Polka Dots has inspired me to be an activist. My experience has taught me that with devotion, it is possible to make a difference in the world. The determination that Pink Polka Dots set off in me has carried over to all aspects of my life, making me a competitive speaker and a devoted volunteer. (PPD激励我成为一名积极分子。我的经验告诉我，只要付出，就有可能改变世界。PPD带给我的决心影响了我生活的方方面面，使我成为一名有竞争力的演讲者和一名敬业的志愿者。)”可知我们能从作者经历中学习到只要付出，就有可能改变世界。故答案为 We have learned that it is possible to make a difference in the world with devotion.

（天津市红桥区2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）阅读下面短文,并根据短文内容完成下列各题。
Are you aged between 14 and 19 years old? Do you care about your local environment? Would you like to help make the area you live in better, cleaner, safer and friendlier? If your answers are ‘yes’, ‘yes’ and ‘yes’, then read on! A local organization is carrying out a project, giving money to groups of teenagers who want to become active citizens. Here are a few easy things you could do to get started.
Meeting the neighbors. Everybody needs good neighbors. Knock on people’s doors and find out what they would like to improve in your area. Set a date for a meeting and then make some plans together. If you don’t want to go round to their houses, then you could always put a note through their doors.
Neighborhood watch. It is very popular in the UK. If you go away on holiday and leave your house, it’s very nice to know that a neighbor is keeping an eye on it. It’s a good way to make the area you live in safer.
Lending a hand. There are often elderly people living in the neighborhood who may not be able to do the things that you can. Offer to do their shopping once a week, look after their gardens for them or maybe walk their dogs!
No littering. Nobody likes picking up other people’s rubbish, but a clean street can make all the difference. Go out once or twice a week and see what you can find. You never know, one day you might find something valuable!
Just tell us what you want to do. Then we’ll send you more information.
1．What is the aim of the project? （No more than 12 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
2．Who is asked to take part in the project? （No more than 6 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
3．What does “lending a hand” mean? （No more than 6 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
4．How often are the teenagers advised to get around and pick up rubbish? （No more than 5 words）
___________________________________________________________________________
5．What will you do if you become a member of the project? Why? （No more than 25words）
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．To make the area people live in better, cleaner, safer and friendlier.
2．Teenagers from 14 to 19.
3．Helping someone who needs help. Or: Offering help.
4．Once or twice a week.
5．I will care for neighbors, watch neighborhood, help others and don’t litter. Because by doing so our community can become better, cleaner, safer and friendlier.
【导语】本文是说明文。这篇短文主要介绍了如果你为改善社区环境作出了贡献，那么你就可能获得奖励。该规划为人们提供了许多为改善社区环境能做的事情。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Would you like to help make the area you live in better, cleaner, safer and friendlier? If your answers are ‘yes’, ‘yes’ and ‘yes’, then read on! A local organization is carrying out a project, giving money to groups of teenagers who want to become active citizens.( 你愿意帮助你居住的地区变得更好、更干净、更安全、更友好吗？如果你的答案是“是”、“是”和“是”，那么继续读下去吧！一个当地组织正在开展一项项目，向那些想要成为积极公民的青少年群体提供资金。)”可知，这个项目的目的是让人们居住的地区更好，更干净，更友好，根据词数限制，故答案为To make the area people live in better, cleaner, safer and friendlier.
2．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Are you aged between 14 and 19 years old? Do you care about your local environment?(你的年龄在14到19岁之间吗？你关心当地的环境吗)”和“A local organization is carrying out a project, giving money to groups of teenagers who want to become active citizens.(一个当地组织正在开展一项项目，向那些想要成为积极公民的青少年群体提供资金。)”可知，14到19岁的青少年被要求参加这个项目，根据词数限制，故答案为Teenagers from 14 to 19.
3．考查词句猜测。根据Lending a hand中的“There are often elderly people living in the neighborhood who may not be able to do the things that you can do. Offer to do their shopping once a week, look after their gardens for them or maybe walk their dogs! (附近经常住着老年人，他们可能不能做你能做的事情。每周帮他们购物一次，帮他们照看花园，或者帮他们遛狗。)”可推断，Lending a hand就是帮助需要帮助的人或者提供帮助，根据词数限制，故答案为Helping someone who needs help. Or: Offering help.
4．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Nobody likes picking up other people’s rubbish, but a clean street can make all the difference. Go out once or twice a week and see what you can find.(没有人喜欢捡别人的垃圾，但一个干净的街道可以使一切不同。每周出去一两次，看看你能发现什么。)”可知，青少年们被建议一周出去一两次捡垃圾，根据词数限制，故答案为Once or twice a week.
5．考查归纳总结。根据文章提到的“Here are a few easy things you could do to get started.(下面是一些你可以开始做的简单的事情)”以及下文给出的建议，如果我成为这个项目的一员，我可以做一个好邻居，守望社区，帮助他人，拒绝垃圾，因为这样作会让我们的社区成为更好、更干净、更安全、更友好的地方。故参考答案为I will care for neighbors, watch neighborhood, help others and don’t litter. Because by doing so our community can become better, cleaner, safer and friendlier.

（山西省太原市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
The population of monarchs passing the winter in Mexico appears to have fallen. Now, the good news for Illinois’ state insects: The Field Museum in Chicago is trying to figure out what makes a successful monarch garden in the city, and it’s proper to start preparing for this summer.
The Field Museum project involves citizens reporting on spaces that researchers can’t walk into every day, like backyards. Participants sent in weekly reports, including the makeup of their garden, and development of eggs and caterpillars. The more successful gardens had more milkweed(乳汁草)and blooming plants，multiple milkweed species， and tended to be larger plots. But Klinger, an expert at the Field Museum,said one participant with a single plant watched eggs transform all the way to chrysalises(蛹). So，she said，“You just need one plant.”
In 2020,during the second season of the study, the number of caterpillars dropped even though the number of participants in the study more than doubled.
Chicago saw a hot, dry summer——its warmest on record, and Klinger said that may have affected the health of the milkweed plants. The reports out of Mexico noted this season’s eastern population drop followed an increase in forest loss, which was 4 times what it was a year ago, primarily from illegal tree cutting, as well as trees hit by wind and drought. But they also said spring and summer weather conditions were tough for milkweed blossoms and egg development in the southern US, which is largely responsible for limiting reproduction.
“But now is the optimum time to start planning to plant some milkweed. The best thing to do is what you can do. One milkweed plant in a pot on your balcony(阳台)is doing something，” Klinger said.
1．What’s the intention of the Field Museum project?
___________________________________________________________________________
2．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2?
___________________________________________________________________________
3．Why was there an increase in the forest loss?
___________________________________________________________________________
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the Field Museum project?
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．To figure out how to make a successful urban monarch garden.
2．An introduction to the Field Museum project.
3．Because of the illegal tree cutting as well as trees hit by wind and drought.
4．Positive / Approving / Optimistic.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了菲尔德博物馆研究发现，一种称为马利筋的植物是使帝王花园成功的原因。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Now, the good news for Illinois’ state insects: The Field Museum in Chicago is trying to figure out what makes a successful monarch garden in the city,and it’s proper to start preparing for this summer.(现在，伊利诺伊州昆虫的好消息是：芝加哥的菲尔德博物馆正试图弄清楚是什么造就了这座城市成功的帝王花园，现在开始为今年夏天做准备是合适的。)”可知，菲尔德博物馆想弄清楚是什么使得该城市的帝王花园取得成功的。故答案为To figure out how to make a successful urban monarch garden.。
2．考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“The Field Museum project involves citizens reporting on spaces that researchers can’t walk into every day,like backyards. Participants sent in weekly reports,including the makeup of their garden,and development of eggs and caterpillars.(菲尔德博物馆项目涉及公民报告研究人员无法每天走进的空间，如后院。参与者每周发送报告，包括花园的组成，以及卵和毛毛虫的发育。)”可知，菲尔德博物馆项目参与者要报告自己的发现，由此可知，该段的主题是介绍菲尔德博物馆的项目。故答案是An introduction to the Field Museum project.。
3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“The reports out of Mexico noted this season’s eastern population drop followed an increase in forest loss,which was 4 times what it was a year ago, primarily from illegal tree cutting,as well as trees hit by wind and drought.(墨西哥的报告指出，本季东部人口下降之前，森林损失增加，是一年前的4倍，主要是由于非法砍伐树木以及受风和干旱袭击的树木。)”可知，森林减少的量是一年前的4倍，基本上源于非法砍伐，以及自然灾害造成的森林数量减少。故答案是Because of the illegal tree cutting as well as trees hit by wind and drought.。
4．考查推理判断。根据首段中的“Now, the good news for Illinois’ state insects: The Field Museum in Chicago is trying to figure out what makes a successful monarch garden in the city,and it’s proper to start preparing for this summer.(现在，伊利诺伊州昆虫的好消息是：芝加哥的菲尔德博物馆正试图弄清楚是什么造就了这座城市成功的帝王花园，现在开始为今年夏天做准备是合适的。)”可知，作者在讲述这一研究时，用到了good news，由此可以推断，作者认为菲尔德博物馆项目是积极乐观的。故答案是Positive / Approving / Optimistic.。

（天津市河北区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末英语试卷）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Did you ever wonder where Legos come from? A box? A toy store? A factory? Yes. But where did they first come from? Who invented them? What was that person’s story? When you learn about the Lego story, you will be surprised!
Like many great inventions, the story is not just one of the great ideas, but of a ton of hard work, perseverance and courage. The story starts off in Denmark. Ole Kirk Christiansen was a carpenter who was struggling with his business. Then his wife, the mother of his 4 boys, died. This was very hard for everyone. He was looking for new ways to make money and to make his kids happy.
So, he started making wood toys. They were of great quality. His 4 sons helped him with his business and, soon, word spread and big orders started coming in. But then the toys did not sell very well. He decided his toys needed a new name. He chose the name “Lego”, which in Danish means “play well”.
Then, a few years later, his workshop was burned to the ground. Everything was destroyed. Ole almost gave up. But he decided it was very important to support his employees and kids.
Not long after, he started to make a few plastic toys. He then got the idea to create a ‘system’ of toys that would build kids’ imagination and creativity. He built a village to test the idea. And the idea caught on quick! Soon sales were pouring in. Then they figured out how to connect the pieces to each other. Soon they decided to stop making wood toys and focus only on the connected plastic toys.
Then they started to build more and more kinds of models. Each one had to be of the highest quality. Lego’s motto is “only the best is good enough.”
Thanks to the perseverance of Ole and his sons, kids around the world can enjoy Lego toys, movies, amusement parks, clothing and much more.
1．Why did Ole start making wood toys? (No more than 15 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
2．What does the new name “Lego” mean? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
3．Why did Ole start to make plastic toys after the fire? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
4．How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 5? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
5．What can you learn from the Lego story? Please explain. (No more than 20 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．Because he wanted to make money and make his kids happy.
2．Play well.
3．Because he wanted to support his employees and kids/Because he was responsible for his employees and kids.
4．The toys were popular and sold well.
5．I learned that hard work, perseverance and courage contribute to our success because they are three qualities for success.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍的是Lego的创始人Ole Kirk Christiansen的坎坷经历，通过不懈努力最终取得成功。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Ole Kirk Christiansen was a carpenter who was struggling with his business. Then his wife, the mother of his 4 boys, died. This was very hard for everyone. He was looking for new ways to make money and to make his kids happy.(Ole Kirk Christiansen是一名木匠，他的生意很艰难。然后他的妻子，他的4个儿子的母亲，去世了。这对每个人来说都很难。他正在寻找赚钱和让孩子们快乐的新方法。)”和第三段首句“So, he started making wood toys. (于是，他开始制作木制玩具。)”可知，Ole Kirk Christiansen生意惨淡，家庭出现变故，但是为了赚钱，为了让孩子们高兴，他开始制造木制玩具。故答案是Because he wanted to make money and make his kids happy.。
2．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“He chose the name “Lego”, which in Danish means “play well”.(他选择了“Lego”这个名字，在丹麦语中的意思是“好好玩”。)”可知，Lego的意思是“play well”。故答案是Play well。
3．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Everything was destroyed. Ole almost gave up. But he decided it was very important to support his employees and kids.(一切都被摧毁了。Ole几乎放弃了。但他认为养活他的员工和孩子非常重要。)”可知，在发生火灾后，Ole Kirk Christiansen出于对员工和孩子的责任心使他继续坚持下去，也就开始制造塑料玩具。故答案是Because he wanted to support his employees and kids./Because he was responsible for his employees and kids.。
4．考查句意猜测。根据上文中的“And the idea caught on quick!(这个想法很快就流行起来了！)”以及下文中的“Then they started to build more and more kinds of models.(然后他们开始构建越来越多的模型。)”可知，这种想法很快火了起来，而且他们还建造越来越多的玩具模型，结合划线句子本身的意思是“很快，销售量一拥而上”，由此可推测该句的意思是Lego玩具销售量很好，很受欢迎。故答案是The toys were popular and sold well.。
5．开放型题目。根据第二段中的“Like many great inventions, the story is not just one of the great ideas, but of a ton of hard work, perseverance and courage.(像许多伟大的发明一样，这个故事不仅仅是伟大的想法之一，而是大量的辛勤工作、毅力和勇气。)”可知，一些成功的发明创造需要的是勤奋，毅力和勇气。故答案是I learn that hard work, perseverance and courage contribute to our success because they are three qualities for success.。

（北京市昌平区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末英语试题）阅读下面短文, 根据文章内容及题目要求回答问题。
Is it the future worrying me? Did I hurt someone by mistake? Am I expecting too much from life? We are often stuck in these unnecessary thoughts, causing anxiety and making us weak.
The escape from my sadness and depressed thought has been cooking for the past few months. I read through quick recipes, find the ones that I can connect to, and search up for materials in the kitchen. Every time I cut a vegetable, it is like I am cutting off my problems. All of this not only brings me great joy, but it leads me to discover something I am good at, which I might have never tried otherwise.
Cooking can work as a treatment, which has received some scientific explanations. Mental health experts have talked about the benefits cooking and baking provides for people struggling with poor mental health. Through cooking, these people can get back control of their lives. They can bring back the feeling of joy and excitement that has been long gone from their daily lives. Julia Ohana, an active expert in culinary therapy, talked about the significance cooking holds in terms of time control, communication, and problem-solving ability. She believes all these skills combined help people become less depressed and more satisfied.
The excitement when you work on a recipe is unexplainable. You look forward to what you are going to create from your own hands. You have the power to make something great, only depending on the direction you take and your cooking skills.
1．What might be the result if we are caught in unnecessary worries?
___________________________________________________________________________
2．According to the experts, what benefits will cooking bring to people with poor mental health?
___________________________________________________________________________
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author chooses to cook when he feels sad because he wants to comfort himself with a good meal and the cooking process also brings him happiness.
___________________________________________________________________________
4．Please briefly present some other ways to get rid of unnecessary worries.  (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．Causing anxiety and making us weak.
2．Bring back the feeling of joy and excitement.
3．The author chooses to cook when he feels sad because he wants to comfort himself with a good meal and the cooking process also brings him happiness.
4．First, I often take exercises to remove the unnecessary worries. For example, practicing yoga is a good way for me to get rid of my stress and worries and find some inner peace. The other way for me to relax is to listen to the music. Music makes me feel easy and comfortable.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述烹饪和烘焙可以消除生活中不必要的烦恼。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Is it the future worrying me? Did I hurt someone by mistake? Am I expecting too much from life? We are often stuck in these unnecessary thoughts, causing anxiety and making us weak. (我担心的是未来吗?我是不是误伤了人?我是否对生活期望过高?我们经常陷入这些不必要的想法，引起焦虑，使我们软弱)”可知，如果我们陷入不必要的担忧，就会引起焦虑并且使我们软弱，故答案为Causing anxiety and making us weak.。
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段“Cooking can work as a treatment, which has received some scientific explanations. Mental health experts have talked about the benefits cooking and baking provides for people struggling with poor mental health. Through cooking, these people can get back control of their lives. They can bring back the feeling of joy and excitement that has been long gone from their daily lives. ( 烹饪可以作为一种治疗方法，这已经得到了一些科学解释。心理健康专家谈到了烹饪和烘焙给心理健康状况不佳的人带来的好处。通过烹饪，这些人可以重新掌控自己的生活。他们可以找回从日常生活中消失已久的快乐和兴奋的感觉) ” 根据专家的说法，烹饪会给心理健康状况不佳的人带来快乐和兴奋的感觉。故答案为Bring back the feeling of joy and excitement.。
3．考查推理判断。根据第二段“The escape from my sadness and depressed thought has been cooking for the past few months. I read through quick recipes, find the ones that I can connect to, and search up for materials in the kitchen. Every time I cut a vegetable, it is like I am cutting off my problems. All of this not only brings me great joy, but it leads me to discover something I am good at, which I might have never tried otherwise. (在过去的几个月里，我一直在逃避悲伤和沮丧的想法。我阅读快速食谱，找到我能联系到的，并在厨房里寻找材料。每次我切蔬菜的时候，就好像我在切掉我的问题。所有这一切不仅给我带来了巨大的快乐，而且还让我发现了我所擅长的，否则我可能从未尝试过的事情)”可知作者选择做饭，不是作者用一顿好饭来安慰自己，而是做饭给作者带来了快乐，发现了自己所擅长的，所以中间划线部分是错误的。故答案为The author chooses to cook when he feels sad because he wants to comfort himself with a good meal and the cooking process also brings him happiness.。
4．本题可有多种答案，仅供参考。这是我经常用来消除烦恼的两种方法：First, I often take exercises to remove the unnecessary worries. For example, practicing yoga is a good way for me to get rid of my stress and worries and find some inner peace. The other way for me to relax is to listen to the music. Music makes me feel easy and comfortable.

（天津市宝坻区第九中学2021-2022学年高一下学期期中练习英语试题）阅读表达
Irregular bedtime may influence healthy brain development of young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both got worse on mental tasks than children who had fixed bedtime, researchers found.
The effect was most striking in three-year-olds, where boys and girls scored lower on reading, maths and spatial skill tests than children of the same age who kept to a more strict schedule. Scientists said the lack of routine might weaken early development by disturbing the body clock, or through sleep deprivation (剥夺), which affects the brain’s ability to remember and learn new information.
“If a child is having irregular bedtime at a young age, they’re not synthesizing all the information around them at that age, and they will get a harder job to do when they are older”, said Amanda Sacker, one of the researchers. Irregular bedtime throughout childhood appeared to have accumulative effect, leading to greater problems later on.
Sacker and her colleagues drew on information in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a long-term record of UK children who are now in or approaching their early teenage years. They looked at how the children’s performance were on tests at various ages, and whether bedtime had any impact. Parents who took part in the MCS were asked whether their children went to bed at a regular time on weekdays. Those who answered “always” or “usually” were put in the regular bedtime group in Sacker’s study, while those who answered “sometimes” or “never” were put in the irregular bedtime group.
Sacker suggests that irregular bedtime affects the brain’s ability to store and learn new information. Early child development has deep influences on health and wellbeing across the life course. Therefore, reduced sleep, especially if it occurs at key times in development, could have important impacts on health throughout life.
1．Who are influenced more by irregular bedtime between boys and girls? (No more than 2 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
2．What does the underlined word “striking” mean? (1 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
3．According to Amanda Sacker, what is the future influence of early irregular bedtime on adults? (No more than 10 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
4．In their study, how did the researchers group the participants (参与者)? (No more than 15 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
5．If you are a parent with a young child, what should you do when your child don’t go to bed at a regular time? (No more than 20 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．Girls.
2．Obvious. / Serious.
3．They will have a harder work to do.
4．According to their bedtime.
5．I will tell him / her the importance of regular bedtime and the harm of irregular time, trying to provide him / her a comfortable sleeping environment.
或I will urge him / her to go to bed at a regular time and tell him the importance of it.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验研究讲述不按时睡觉对儿童的消极影响。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both got worse on mental tasks than children who had fixed bedtime, researchers found. (研究人员发现，每晚在不同的时间上床睡觉对女孩的影响比男孩更大，但男孩和女孩在脑力任务上都比固定就寝时间的孩子更糟糕。)”可知，不规律的睡觉时间对女孩的影响大于男孩，故答案为Girls。
2．考查词义猜测。根据第二段“Scientists said the lack of routine might weaken early development by disturbing the body clock, or through sleep deprivation (剥夺), which affects the brain’s ability to remember and learn new information. (科学家表示，缺乏惯例可能会通过扰乱生物钟或通过剥夺睡眠来削弱早期发育，这会影响大脑记忆和学习新信息的能力。)”可知，睡觉时间不规律对3岁的孩子有明显的，严重的影响。故推知striking表示“明显的，不寻常的”，故答案为Obvious. / Serious。
3．考查细节理解。根据第三段““If a child is having irregular bedtime at a young age, they’re not synthesizing all the information around them at that age, and they will get a harder job to do when they are older”, said Amanda Sacker, one of the researchers. (研究人员之一的Amanda Sacker说：“如果一个孩子在很小的时候就寝时间不规律，他们就不会在那个年龄综合周围的所有信息；当他们长大后，他们工作起来会更难”。)”可知，Amanda Sacker认为小时候就寝时间不规律，长大成年后，他们工作起来会更难，故答案为They will have a harder work to do。
4．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Parents who took part in the MCS were asked whether their children went to bed at a regular time on weekdays. Those who answered “always” or “usually” were put in the regular bedtime group in Sacker’s study, while those who answered “sometimes” or “never” were put in the irregular bedtime group. (参加MCS的父母被问及他们的孩子在工作日是否按时上床睡觉。在Sacker的研究中，那些回答“总是”或“通常”的人被安排在常规的就寝组，而那些回答“有时”或“从不”的人被放在不规则的就寝时间组中。)”可知，在他们的研究中，研究人员根据他们的就寝时间对参与者进行分组。故答案为According to their bedtime。
5．考查开放性试题。文章主要通过实验研究讲述不按时睡觉对儿童的消极影响。故答案为I will tell him / her the importance of regular bedtime and the harm of irregular time, trying to provide him / her a comfortable sleeping environment.
或I will urge him / her to go to bed at a regular time and tell him the importance of it。

（北京市密云区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末英语试题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
There is a saying, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Although eating properly is important, being kind to others is also good for your health. Recent studies show that people who do kind acts are more relaxed, happier, and healthier than other people.
In one study at Arizona State University, researchers found that many volunteers experienced a sudden feeling of joy, followed by a long period of calmness, after doing a kind act. This feeling, called “a helper’s high”, may actually help reduce stress as the body produces natural painkillers.
Stress can cause serious health problems. It can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease, and it can also lead to overeating and sleeping problems. However, the study found that volunteers had fewer stress-related health problems when they did helpful things for other people.
The study also found that people who did nice things for others felt better about themselves as well. They had higher self-respect, and were happier. Many believe this is because volunteers spend more of their time with other people. People who are more outgoing are often healthier.
Another study at the University of Michigan’s Survey Research Center confirmed the health benefits of volunteering. A ten-year study of 2,700 men in Michigan showed that people who volunteered lived longer than those who didn’t. Although you shouldn’t need a reason to be helpful, it is nice to know that kindness may help you live longer.
1．According to Paragraph 1, what do recent studies show?
___________________________________________________________________________
2．According to the passage, what serious health problems can stress cause?
___________________________________________________________________________
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>When volunteers did helpful things for other people, they had fewer stress-related health problems, felt better about others and respected others more.
___________________________________________________________________________
4．Besides the benefits mentioned in this passage, what do you think are some other benefits of volunteering? Why? (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．Recent studies show that those who are ready to help others are happier and healthier.
2．Stress can not only lead to/contribute to/cause high blood pressure and heart disease, but it also relates to overeating and sleeping problems.
3．When volunteers did helpful things for other people, they had fewer stress-related health problems, felt better about others and respected others more. Because the study also found that people willing to help others out felt better about themselves and develop higher self-respect.
4．Volunteering builds up your social skills. While volunteering, you can meet people of different personalities. You must constantly adjust and update your social skills to get tasks done. Through these experiences, you can truly understand to how to work with anyone.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论证了善意行为对人们健康的好处。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段内容“Recent studies show that people who do kind acts are more relaxed, happier, and healthier than other people. (近期的一些研究表明，乐善好施的人往往生活更惬意、更快乐并且更健康)”可知，经常乐于助人的人生活更安乐，身体也更健康。故答案为Recent studies show that those who are ready to help others are happier and healthier.
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段“It can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease, and it can also lead to overeating and sleeping problems. (压力可能导致高血压、心脏病。它是暴饮暴食和睡眠问题的诱因)”可知，压力可能导致心脏病、高血压，同时也会诱发过度肥胖及睡眠方面的亚健康状态，故答案为Stress can not only lead to/contribute to/cause high blood pressure and heart disease, but it also relates to overeating and sleeping problems。
3．考查细节理解。When volunteers did helpful things for other people, they had fewer stress-related health problems, felt better about others and respected others more.根据第四段“The study also found that people who did nice things for others felt better about themselves as well. They had higher self-respect, and were happier. (该项研究还发现，乐于助人的人往往自我满意度更高，而且自尊心更强，更健康)”可知，乐于助人的人通过志愿服务，能够培养更健康的心理，向内修行，更懂得自尊再爱，且自我感觉更好。故答案为Because the study also found that people willing to help others out felt better about themselves and develop higher self-respect。
4．开放性试题。Volunteering builds up your social skills. While volunteering, you can meet people of different personalities. You must constantly adjust and update your social skills to get tasks done. Through these experiences, you can truly understand to how to work with anyone.

（北京市朝阳区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末英语试卷）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
For many people, one of the best examples of creative genius was Albert Einstein, the physicist who came up with the Theory of Relativity (相对论). However, what they don’t know is that Einstein had specific techniques he used to develop his ability to think creatively and freely.
The main approach Einstein took was “possibility thinking”. It means getting away from our familiar thoughts and trying to imagine many other possible things, no matter how unbelievable they might seem. Einstein had a special technique to do this, and he called it “the thought experiment”, which is simply an experiment you do inside your own head. The most famous thought experiment is the one Einstein used to get himself on the path towards the Theory of Relativity. Einstein was interested in light and the speed of light and its relationship to time, and he often imagined himself riding on a line of sunlight. He said using his imagination like this allowed him to understand some of the relationships between light and time.
Basically, how we experience time depends on where we are and what we are doing. Einstein explained it as follows: “When you’re talking to a pretty girl, an hour seems like a minute. If you sit on a hot fire, a minute seems like an hour. That’s relativity.” But in order to make possibility thinking effective, we have to give ourselves opportunities to practice it. Many people say their “thinking time” is when they’re taking a bath, or when they’re on the bus to work or school. But Einstein believed it’s important to devote certain time every day to “creative thinking”: whatever problem or idea it is that interests you, set aside some time every day to thinking about it.
Einstein also believed in thinking about a problem for a long time and not giving up: as he once said, “I think and think for months and years. Ninety-nine times, the conclusion is false. The hundredth time I am right.”
1．How did Einstein get himself on the path towards the Theory of Relativity?
___________________________________________________________________________
2．According to this passage, what does “the relativity of time” mean?
___________________________________________________________________________
3．What did Einstein believe in as being important for thinking?
___________________________________________________________________________
4．What do you think of “creative thinking”? Explain why. (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1． Einstein got himself on the path towards the Theory of Relativity by “the thought experiment”
2． “the relativity of time” means how we experience time depends on where we are and what we are doing.
3．Thinking about a problem for a long time and not giving up
4．I think I think “creative thinking” is a long-term process.I agree with Einstein.It’s important to devote certain time every day to “creative thinking”: whatever problem or idea it is that interests you, set aside some time every day to thinking about it.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了爱因斯坦相对论的提出过程。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Einstein had a special technique to do this, and he called it “the thought experiment”, which is simply an experiment you do inside your own head. The most famous thought experiment is the one Einstein used to get himself on the path towards the Theory of Relativity.(爱因斯坦有一种特殊的技术来做这个，他称之为“思想实验”，这只是一个你在自己的头脑里做的实验。最著名的思想实验是爱因斯坦用来使自己走上相对论之路的实验。)”可知，爱因斯坦是通过“思想实验”走上相对论道路的。故答案为Einstein got himself on the path towards the Theory of Relativity by “the thought experiment”。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Basically, how we experience time depends on where we are and what we are doing. Einstein explained it as follows: “When you’re talking to a pretty girl, an hour seems like a minute. If you sit on a hot fire, a minute seems like an hour. That’s relativity.” (基本上，我们如何体验时间取决于我们在哪里以及我们在做什么。 爱因斯坦是这样解释的：“当你和一个漂亮的女孩说话时，一小时就像一分钟。 如果你坐在火炉上，一分钟就像一小时。 这就是相对论。” )”可知，“时间的相对性”是指我们如何体验时间取决于我们在哪里和我们在做什么。故答案为“the relativity of time” means how we experience time depends on where we are and what we are doing。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Einstein also believed in thinking about a problem for a long time and not giving up: as he once said, “I think and think for months and years. Ninety-nine times, the conclusion is false. The hundredth time I am right.”(爱因斯坦还相信要对一个问题进行长时间的思考，而不是放弃：正如他曾经说过的，“我想了几个月，甚至几年。九十九次，结论都是错的。这是我第一百次说对了。”)”可知，爱因斯坦认为“考虑一个问题很长时间，不放弃”对思考是重要的。故答案为Thinking about a problem for a long time and not giving up
4．开放性试题。文章第三段“But Einstein believed it’s important to devote certain time every day to “creative thinking”: whatever problem or idea it is that interests you, set aside some time every day to thinking about it.(但爱因斯坦认为，每天花一定的时间进行“创造性思考”是很重要的：无论你感兴趣的是什么问题或想法，每天都留出一些时间来思考。 )”提到了爱因斯坦的观点，可以参考此观点作答。故答案为I think I think “creative thinking” is a long-term process.I agree with Einstein.It’s important to devote certain time every day to “creative thinking”: whatever problem or idea it is that interests you, set aside some time every day to thinking about it.

（北京市海淀区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末英语试题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。

We often hear about the negative aspects of anxiety, but could there be any advantages or benefits that come from living with anxiety? Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry.
Many individuals with anxiety describe it as a feeling of nervousness and fear that can be distracting and all-consuming. It is typically experienced on many levels, affecting one’s emotions and leading to uncomfortable physical sensations, and negative thoughts. However, have you ever considered some of the possible positive effects that may come with having anxiety? Scientists have learned that some degree of stress or anxiety isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Good stress, something now referred to as eustress, keeps us motivated and excited about life. It appears that some degree of anxiety may have similar “silver linings”.
Anxiety may be just the warning sign you need to bring awareness to your current situation and make some necessary changes in your life. For example, you may find that you have a friendship that is no longer working, or perhaps your job is causing a great deal of stress. Your anxiety can be difficult to manage, but exploring and coping with your anxiety can be a real opportunity for self-growth.
Anxiety may help you feel more motivated and prepared when faced with challenges. Research has shown that students and athletes who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests or in competitive sports. For instance, perhaps your anxiety assists you in putting extra effort into work or personal tasks, making a good impression, or moving towards your goals.
People who have dealt with anxiety may be more sympathetic and understanding to the problems that others face. Having gone through personal struggles yourself, you may be more sensitive, loving, and accepting when friends and family members are dealing with personal challenges.
Even though there can be some potential benefits to experiencing anxiety, it is worthwhile to point that it can also become a real hindrance to many aspects of your life. If anxiety is preventing you from living the life you desire, then it may be time to get professional help.
1．What is anxiety according to the passage?
___________________________________________________________________________
2．What can eustress do to us?
___________________________________________________________________________
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Research has shown that students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests.
___________________________________________________________________________
4．How will you deal with anxiety in your life? (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry.
2．Eustress keeps us motivated and excited about life.
3．Research has shown that students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests. Because students and athletes who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests or in competitive sports.
4．In our daily life we can deal with high-pressure situations by accommodating more or removing the volume that was creating the most pressure. For example, when I feel stressed, I will go running to release the pressure in this way.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了焦虑的一些症状以及对人正反面的影响。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry.(焦虑是一种以强烈的恐惧和担忧为特征的感觉)”可知，焦虑是一种以强烈的恐惧和担忧为特征的感觉。故答案为Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry.
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Good stress, something now referred to as eustress, keeps us motivated and excited about life. It appears that some degree of anxiety may have similar “silver linings”.(好的压力，现在被称为正面压力，让我们对生活充满动力和激情。某种程度的焦虑似乎也有类似的“一线希望”)”可知，正面压力让我们对生活充满动力和激情。故答案为Eustress keeps us motivated and excited about life.
3．考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中“Anxiety may help you feel more motivated and prepared when faced with challenges. Research has shown that students and athletes who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests or in competitive sports.(在面对挑战时，焦虑会让你更有动力，更有准备。研究表明，经历某种焦虑的学生和运动员实际上在考试或竞技运动中表现得更好)”可知，错误部分为“students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests”，因为经历过焦虑的学生实际上在测试中表现得更好。故答案为Research has shown that students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests. Because students who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests.
4．开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：你将如何处理生活中的焦虑？可回答：在我们的日常生活中，我们可以通过容纳更多或移除产生最大压力的体积来处理焦虑。例如，当我感到焦虑的时候，我会去跑步，用这种方式来释放压力。故答案为In our daily life we can deal with anxiety by accommodating more or removing the volume that was creating the most pressure. For example, when I feel anxious, I will go running to release the pressure in this way.

（北京市房山区2021-2022学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
How AI Will Impact the Future of Work and Life
AI, or artificial intelligence, seems to be on the tip of everyone’s tongue these days. While I’ve been aware of this major trend in tech development for a while, I’ve noticed AI appearing more and more as one of the most in-demand areas of expertise for job seekers.
I’m sure that for many of us, the term “AI” conjures up sci-fi fantasies or fear about robots taking over the world. The depictions of AI in the media have run the gamut, and while no one can predict exactly how it will evolve in the future, the current trends and developments paint a much different picture of how AI will become part of our lives.
In reality, AI is already at work all around us, impacting everything from our search results, to our online dating prospects, to the way we shop. Data shows that the use of AI in many sectors of business has grown by 270% over the last four years.
But what will AI mean for the future of work? As computers and technology have evolved, this has been one of the most pressing questions. As with many technological developments throughout history, the advancement of artificial intelligence has created fears that human workers will become obsolete.
The reality is probably a lot less dire, but maybe even more complicated.
What is AI?
Before we do a deep dive on the ways in which AI will impact the future of work, it’s important to start simple: what is AI? A straightforward definition from Britannica states that artificial intelligence is “the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.”
“AI” has become a catchall term to describe any advancements in computing, systems and technology in which computer programs can perform tasks or solve problems that require the kind of reason we associate with human intelligence, even learning from past processes.
This ability to learn is a key component of AI. Algorithms, like the dreaded Facebook algorithm that replaced all our friends with sponsored content, are often associated with AI.
AI will probably not make human workers obsolete, at least not for a long time.
1．According to the passage, what is “AI”?
___________________________________________________________________________
2．How does AI affect our life?
___________________________________________________________________________
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
No one can predict exactly how AI will develop in the future, and the key component of it has not been found.
___________________________________________________________________________
4．Will AI replace the jobs of humans in the future? Please give your reasons. (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．Artificial intelligence is “the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.”
2．AI is already at work all around us, impacting everything from our search results, to our online dating prospects, to the way we shop.
3．No one can predict exactly how AI will develop in the future, and the key component of it has not been found.According to the passage, the ability to learn is a key component of AI.
4．I don’t think that AI will replace the jobs of humans. For example, empathy is one of the pillars which make humans. AI doesn’t possess such emotions. So no matter how developed AI becomes, it’ll not replace jobs which require high empathy, intricate human understanding, and managing emotions.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是人工智能以及人工智能将如何影响未来的工作和生活。
1．考查细节理解。根据倒数第四段中“A straightforward definition from Britannica states that artificial intelligence is “the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.”(《大英百科全书》对人工智能的一个直接定义是“数字计算机或计算机控制的机器人执行通常与智能生物有关的任务的能力”)”可知，人工智能是“数字计算机或计算机控制的机器人执行通常与智能生物有关的任务的能力”。故答案为Artificial intelligence is “the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.”
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“In reality, AI is already at work all around us, impacting everything from our search results, to our online dating prospects, to the way we shop.(事实上，人工智能已经在我们周围发挥作用，从搜索结果，到在线约会前景，再到我们的购物方式，影响着一切)”可知，人工智能已经在我们身边发挥作用，影响着从搜索结果到在线约会前景，再到购物方式的一切。故答案为AI is already at work all around us, impacting everything from our search results, to our online dating prospects, to the way we shop.
3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“This ability to learn is a key component of AI. Algorithms, like the dreaded Facebook algorithm that replaced all our friends with sponsored content, are often associated with AI.(这种学习能力是人工智能的关键组成部分。算法，比如可怕的Facebook算法，用赞助内容取代我们所有的朋友，通常与人工智能有关)”可知，错误的部分是“the key component of it has not been found”，因为学习能力是人工智能的关键组成部分。故答案为No one can predict exactly how AI will develop in the future, and the key component of it has not been found. According to the passage, the ability to learn is a key component of AI.
4．开放性题目。题干：人工智能在未来会取代人类的工作吗？请给出你的理由。可回答：我不认为人工智能会取代人类的工作。例如，同理心是人类形成的支柱之一。人工智能不具备这样的情感。因此，无论人工智能发展到何种程度，它都无法取代那些需要高度共情、复杂的人类理解和情绪管理的工作。故答案为I don’t think that AI will replace the jobs of humans. For example, empathy is one of the pillars which make humans. AI doesn’t possess such emotions. So no matter how developed AI becomes, it’ll not replace jobs which require high empathy, intricate human understanding, and managing emotions.

（北京市西城区2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷）阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。
Have you ever wondered why you feel very tired after an online meeting or classroom session, when you might not feel the same if the meeting was being held with everyone in the same room? This effect, nicknamed “Zoom fatigue”, is felt not just by students but by grown-ups as well, who are getting tired by video meetings as they work from home.
Now, a US scientist says he has identified four key reasons why video calls can be so exhausting. Jeremy Bailenson, from Stanford University in California, has spent more than 20 years looking at how different forms of online communication can affect people. He says the first reason video calls can feel tough is because people are constantly making eye contact with each other as they look down at their cameras. In normal meetings or classes, people are usually just looking at the speaker but during a video call everyone seems to be staring at everyone else. What’s more, they can often seem uncomfortably close.
A second reason for fatigue may be that people are spending a lot of time looking at themselves on camera. Bailenson compared this to being followed around a school or workplace by someone holding up a mirror. Previous studies have suggested that staring into mirrors can make people feel more critical about themselves and doubtful of their abilities.
Working from home also means that many people aren’t moving as much as they used to. Studies have shown that people can think more creatively while moving around but online meetings force people to sit still so they can stay on camera.
Bailenson’s final reason is that it is more difficult to understand people’s body language on a video call. With such a limited camera view, our brains have to work extra hard to interpret other people’s gestures and expressions, and that can be very tiring.
1．What is “Zoom Fatigue”? (不多于9个单词)
___________________________________________________________________________
2．How many reasons are identified for “Zoom Fatigue” in the passage? (1个单词)
___________________________________________________________________________
3．According to previous studies, how can staring into mirrors make people feel? (不多于9单词)
___________________________________________________________________________
4．In your opinion, how can one avoid “Zoom Fatigue”? (单词数不限)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．Feeling tired after an online meeting or classroom session.
2．Four.
3．More critical about themselves and doubtful of their abilities.
4．In my opinion, to avoid “Zoom Fatigue”, use your phone when necessary, allowing yourself to move around, doodle or sit outside in the sun.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们视频通话或会议时会感到极度疲劳的原因。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Have you ever wondered why you feel very tired after an online meeting or classroom session, when you might not feel the same if the meeting was being held with everyone in the same room? This effect, nicknamed “Zoom fatigue”, is felt not just by students but by grown-ups as well, who are getting tired by video meetings as they work from home.(你有没有想过，为什么在网上会议或课堂教学后你会觉得很累，而如果所有人都在同一个房间开会，你可能就不会有这种感觉了?这种被称为“极速疲劳”的效应不仅对学生有影响，对成年人也有影响，因为他们在家工作，视频会议让他们感到疲惫。)”可知，极速疲劳是指人们在线会议或课堂教学后感到疲倦。故答案为Feeling tired after an online meeting or classroom session.
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Now, a US scientist says he has identified four key reasons why video calls can be so exhausting. (现在，一位美国科学家表示，他发现了视频通话如此令人疲惫的四个关键原因。)”可知，文章中讲述了有4种原因导致了“极速疲劳”。故答案为Four.
3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Previous studies have suggested that staring into mirrors can make people feel more critical about themselves and doubtful of their abilities. (之前的研究表明，盯着镜子会让人对自己更加挑剔，对自己的能力更加怀疑。)”可知，盯着镜子使人们感觉对自己更挑剔，更怀疑自己的能力。故答案为More critical about themselves and doubtful of their abilities.
4．开放题。要求考生陈述怎样才能避免“极速疲劳”，言之有理即可。For example:In my opinion, to  avoid “Zoom Fatigue", use your phone when necessary, allowing yourself to move around, doodle or sit outside in the sun.

（北京市房山区2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Festivals are celebrated all around the world. They have a wide range of origins, such as the seasons of the year, famous figures, and important events. Every festival has its different customs and unique charms. However, no matter how different they may seem, all over the world, the spirit of sharing joy, gratitude, love, or peace is common in all festivals.
Of all the traditional festivals, the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food. In ancient Egypt, the harvest festival was celebrated during the springtime — the Egyptian harvest season. It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. Today, in some European countries, people decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and get together to celebrate over a meal. During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes.
Customs play a significant role in festivals, but sometimes they can change over time. With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established. One example is the typical Chinese Spring Festival custom of lighting firecrackers to drive away the evil spirits and celebrate the new year. Nowadays, many big cities have given up this custom in order to avoid air pollution. Another example is Halloween, which slowly became an exciting festival for children, in spite of its origins.
Festivals are becoming more and more commercial (商业化的), with business taking advantage of the celebrations. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. Although some believe festivals should not be commercialised, others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness.
Festivals are an important part of society. They reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and what to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
1．Why do people celebrate the harvest festival?
___________________________________________________________________________
2．How did some traditions change over time according to the passage?
___________________________________________________________________________
3．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Festivals are becoming more and more commercial. The festivals should not be commercialised because commercialisation is a totally negative development.
___________________________________________________________________________
4．What festivals do you celebrate with your family each year? Why do you celebrate them? (In about 40 words)
___________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1．People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food.
2．With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established.
3．Festivals are becoming more and more commercial. The festivals should not be commercialised because commercialisation is a totally negative development.
Commercialisation is a somewhat positive development. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones./ The increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness.
4．Every year, I celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Spring Festival with my family. There are many possible reasons to celebrate different festivals. One good reason is to have fun with friends and family. Another is to celebrate an event or a time of the year.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类节日的重要性，多样性，以及随着时间，它的变化和意义。
1．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food.(人们庆祝是为了表达他们对未来一年量食物的感激之情)”可知，人们庆祝收获节是为了表达他们对食物的感激之情。故答案为People celebrate to show that they are grateful for the year’s supply of food.
2．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，一些传统可能逐渐消失，其他传统可能建立)”可知，随着时间，一些传统会变得慢慢消失，新的传统会产生。故答案为With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade away and others may be established.
3．考查推理判断。根据文章第四段“others believe the increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness(其他人认为花费的增加有利于经济和大众的幸福)”可知，有人认为商业化也有有利之处，所以commercialisation is a totally negative development中totally negative，意思是“完全消极的”，该表述错误。故答案为Festivals are becoming more and more commercial. The festivals should not be commercialised because commercialisation is a totally negative development. Commercialisation is a somewhat positive development. Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones./ The increase in spending is good for the economy and public happiness.
4．开放性试题。答案为Every year, I celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Spring Festival with my family. There are many possible reasons to celebrate different festivals. One good reason is to have fun with friends and family. Another is to celebrate an event or a time of the year.