专题08 阅读理解专项训练——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末知识点精讲+训练学案（外研版2019）

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人际关系
专题08 单元主题阅读理解专项训练


（江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末学情调研测试英语试题）
Dear Mother and Dad,
My roommate Syd, may be a problem. He’s so careless. He whistles(吹口哨) real loud through this gap in his front teeth, too. Plus, urea he knocked over our lamp and broke it. Syd also wears a funny blue hat for good luck, but I don’t think it’s working.
Love,
Bryan
Dear Mom and Pop,
My roommate, Bryan, seems kind of jumpy, like our cat when you turn on the cleaner. He hung up a big poster of all the constellations(星座), so maybe he’ll teach me how to find them. I’m sure we’ll be best friends. Guess what? Our camp got a new lamp.
Love,
Syd
Dear Mother and Dad,
Syd invites trouble like my giant magnets attract paper clips. We went for a hike, and Syd stepped on a wasps’(黄蜂) nest. The wasps were not happy. He raced down the path, and the rest of us ran the other way. Poor Syd got stung (蛰) twice on his face. Now he has huge chipmunk cheeks. Of course, he can still whistle, but I don’t mind anymore.
Love,
Bryan
Dear Mom and Pop,
I plan to join the cross-country team. Today I ran half a mile in about three minutes. The wasps running after me probably helped a little. Did you know that some wasps make their nests on the ground? Dad, will you help me train for cross-country when I get home?
PS: I heard Bryan whistling along with me yesterday. Last night, he showed me the Big Dipper constellation. Then we made up a new constellation and named it Wasper. We laughed our heads off.
Love,
Syd
1． Why do Syd and Bryan write letters?
A．To update their parents B．To show the importance of making friends.
C．To share with their friends camp memories. D．To invite their parents to the camping activities.
2． What do we know about the two boys?
A．They knocked over a new lamp. B．They got seriously hurt by the wasps.
C．They argued when they first met at the camp. D．They enjoyed themselves studying constellations.
3． What will Bryan probably write about in the next letter?
A．How much he wants to go back home. B．How excited he is to find the wasps’ nest.
C．How happy he is to whistle together with Syd. D．How much he desires to train for cross-country.
【答案】A D C
【导语】本文是篇应用文。文章展示了两个舍友Bryan和Syd分别向各自的父母写的信件，信中给父母介绍自己的舍友，讲述了他们在一起相处的日常和趣事。
1． 推理判断题。根据信件的内容可知，Syd和Bryan在信中主要是给父母介绍了各自舍友的相关信息，讲述了他们在一起相处的有趣的事情，所以目的是让父母了解各自的近况和最新信息。故选A。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二封信中“He hung up a big poster of all the constellations(星座), so maybe he’ll teach me how to find them.”（他挂了一张所有星座的大海报，所以他可能会教我如何找到它们。）可知，他们都喜欢研究星座。故选D。
3． 推理判断题。根据第三封信中“Of course, he can still whistle, but I don’t mind anymore.”（当然，他还能吹口哨，但我不介意了。）和第四封信“I heard Bryan whistling along with me yesterday. ”（昨天我听到Bryan和我一起吹口哨。）可推知，Bryan在下封信中可能会写他要如何开心地和Syd一起吹口哨。故选C。

（湖南省衡阳市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末质量检测英语试题）
Communication And Public Relations (PR) For Business
The advertising and brand appearance of any organization must include communication skills. One of the really key tasks that could be done would be to interact healthily with customers. That is the meaning of the practice of public relations.
Data And Statistics To Support PR
People may now begin their own private analysis of businesses and their PR skills much more easily thanks to technology. Even if you’re faced with either a great or poor situation, always keep in mind that you should appear as honest as you can be in your PR. Establish a company PR skills using sound, reliable information and then use that information to support those efforts.
Benefits Of Public Relations Efforts
When you set up a new relationship, that individual might give you advice, help you in finding your potential customers, or help you get a promotion. Developing your reputation as a PR expert through networking is another benefit.
Additionally, people will want to cooperate with you if they know that you are employed by a company that provides high-quality work.
Where To Find PR Aid?
Experts can teach PR practices that work to any company. For example, a regularly updated blog post helps communication and improves growth and learning. You can find more information on this blog served for communication teams for large companies.
1． What is important when making private analysis?
A．Finish private analysis on your own. B．Make the analysis easily understood.
C．Use honest information to support. D．Remove the poor personal information.
2． Which is NOT the benefit of public relations efforts?
A．More potential consumers. B．Reputation as a PR expert.
C．Broader commercial cooperation. D．Offers from a high-quality company.
3． Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A website. B．A magazine. C．A textbook. D．A report.
【答案】C D A
【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了商业沟通和公共关系的益处并提供帮助的博客。
1． 细节理解题。根据第二段“People may now begin their own private analysis of businesses and their PR skills much more easily thanks to technology.  Even if you’re faced with either a great or poor situation, always keep in mind that you should appear as honest as you can be in your PR.  Establish a company PR skills using sound, reliable information and then use that information to support those efforts.(由于科技的发展，人们现在可以更容易地开始自己的企业分析和公关技能。即使你面临的是一个或好或坏的情况，永远记住，你应该在你的公关中表现得尽可能诚实。利用可靠的信息建立公司公关技能，然后用这些信息来支持这些努力。)”可知，在进行私人分析时，使用诚实可靠的信息来支持是重要的。故选C。
2． 细节理解题。根据第三段的“When you set up a new relationship, that individual might give you advice, help you in finding your potential customers, or help you get a promotion. Developing your reputation as a PR expert through networking is another benefit.(当你建立一段新的关系时，那个人可能会给你建议，帮助你找到潜在的客户，或者帮助你升职。另一个好处是通过人脉建立你作为公关专家的声誉。)”和第四段“Additionally, people will want to cooperate with you if they know that you are employed by a company that provides high-quality work.(此外，如果人们知道你受雇于一家提供高质量工作的公司，他们会愿意与你合作。)”可知，来自高质量的公司的工作提议不是公共关系努力的益处。故选D。
3． 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“You can find more information on this blog served for communication teams for large companies.(您可以在这个为大公司的沟通团队服务的博客上找到更多信息。)”可推断，这篇文章来自网络。故选A。

（浙江省衢州市2022-2023学年高一上学期2月期末英语试题）
Despite common concerns that the social is competitive, cooperation (合作) among strangers has gradually increased in the U.S. since the 1950s, according to the research published by the American Psychological Association.
“We were surprised by our findings that Americans became more cooperative over the last six decades because many people believe U.S. society is becoming less socially connected and less trusting,” said lead researcher Yu Kou, PhD, a professor of social psychology at Beijing Normal University.
The researchers analyzed 511 studies conducted in the United States between 1956 and 2017 with a total of more than 63,000 participants(参与者). Those studies included lab experiments measuring cooperation among strangers. The study found a small, gradual increase in cooperation across the 61-year period, which the researchers said may be linked to great changes in U.S. society. The increase in cooperation was related with increases in social wealth, income inequality and the number of people living alone.
Increased cooperation has been linked with market competitiveness and economic growth in former research. As more people live in cities and on their own, they may be forced to cooperate with strangers, said study co-author Paul Van Lange, PhD．He said, “U.S. society may have become more self-centered, but people have not.”
The researchers note that former studies have found that levels of cooperation do not differ by sex or race in the U.S. However, the studies were conducted in lab settings primarily with only college students as participants, so the findings may not be representative (代表性的) of real-life situations or of U.S. society as a whole.
1． How did the researchers draw the conclusion?
A．By doing street surveys. B．By conducting lab experiments.
C．By analyzing collected examples. D．By interviewing different strangers.
2． What can we learn about the study from paragraph 3?
A．The finding was predicted.
B．The data before 1956 could not be found.
C．The cause for the increase in cooperation was not clear at all.
D．Increase in cooperation was connected with many fields of society.
3． Where is text probably from?
A．A magazine. B．A newspaper. C．A diary. D．A website.
4． What might the researchers do next?
A．Conducting more experiments in the real-life situations.
B．Finding the period when cooperation among strangers increased.
C．Making sure levels of cooperation may be different by sex or race in the U.S.
D．Discovering the connection between increase in cooperation and changes in U.S. society.
【答案】B D A A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项研究发现，尽管人们普遍担心社交是竞争性的，但自20世纪50年代以来，美国陌生人之间的合作在逐步增加。
1. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“The researchers analyzed 511 studies conducted in the United States between 1956 and 2017 with a total of more than 63,000 participants(参与者). Those studies included lab experiments measuring cooperation among strangers.(研究人员分析了1956年至2017年间在美国进行的511项研究，共有63000多名参与者。这些研究包括测量陌生人之间合作的实验室实验。)”以及最后一段第二句“However, the studies were conducted in lab settings primarily with only college students as participants, so the findings may not be representative (代表性的) of real-life situations or of U.S. society as a whole.(然而，这些研究主要是在实验室环境中进行的，参与者只有大学生，因此研究结果可能不能代表现实生活中的情况或整个美国社会。)”可知研究人员通过实验室实验得出了结论。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers analyzed 511 studies conducted in the United States between 1956 and 2017 with a total of more than 63,000 participants(参与者). Those studies included lab experiments measuring cooperation among strangers. The study found a small, gradual increase in cooperation across the 61-year period, which the researchers said may be linked to great changes in U.S. society. The increase in cooperation was related with increases in social wealth, income inequality and the number of people living alone.(研究人员分析了1956年至2017年间在美国进行的511项研究，共有6.3万多名参与者。这些研究包括测量陌生人之间合作的实验室实验。研究发现，在61年的时间里，合作有一个小幅的逐步增加，研究人员说，这可能与美国社会的巨大变化有关。合作的增加与社会财富、收入不平等和独居人数的增加有关。)”可知，研究发现与社会财富、收入不平等和独居人数的增加有关，即合作的增加与社会的许多领域有关。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Despite common concerns that the social is competitive, cooperation (合作) among strangers has gradually increased in the U.S. since the 1950s, according to the research published by the American Psychological Association.(根据美国心理学会发表的研究, 尽管人们普遍担心社交是竞争性的，但自20世纪50年代以来，美国陌生人之间的合作逐渐增加。)”以及下文对此研究的详细介绍，可知这篇文章是介绍了心理学家对陌生人之间合作的研究发现，由此可推断，这篇文章最有可能来自心理学方面的期刊。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers note that former studies have found that levels of cooperation do not differ by sex or race in the U.S. However, the studies were conducted in lab settings primarily with only college students as participants, so the findings may not be representative (代表性的) of real-life situations or of U.S. society as a whole.(研究人员指出，以前的研究发现，在美国，合作的水平并没有因性别或种族而不同。然而，这些研究主要是在实验室环境中进行的，参与者只有大学生，因此研究结果可能不能代表现实生活中的情况或整个美国社会。)”可知，由于这些研究主要是在实验室环境中进行的，参与者只有大学生，因此研究结果可能不能代表现实生活中的情况或整个美国社会，由此可推断，研究人员下一步可能会在现实生活中进行更多的实验。故选A。

（浙江省台州市2022-2023学年高一上学期2月期末英语试题）
I work at a company that has a large number of employees. I can’t say that I know them all by name, but I know my fair share of them and almost all of them know me. I’d say that’s the reason I’ve been able to reach this far in my career. It’s all based on one simple principle: I believe that every single person should be recognized, however small or simple that greeting is.
When I was about ten years old, I was walking down the street with my mother. She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee while I was busy throwing a rock towards the stop sign. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, so I didn’t pay any attention to him. After we passed Mr. Lee, my mother stopped me and said something that has stuck with me from that day until now. She said, “Promise me this will be your last time to walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail when it passes you on the street.” That phrase sounds simple, yet influential enough to shape who I am.
At work, I always used to say hello to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. After a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him how far he thought I could go in his company. He said, “If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.”
Now I’ve become vice president, but that hasn’t changed the way I approach people. I still follow my mother’s advice. I speak to everyone I see, no matter where I am. I’ve learned that speaking to people creates a pathway into their world, and it lets them come into mine, too. The day you speak to someone who has their head down but lifts it up and smiles, you realize how powerful it is just to open your mouth and say, “Hello.”
1． Why did the author pay no attention to Mr. Lee?
A．He had rude manners. B．He could meet Mr. Lee regularly.
C．He was shy with adults. D．He focused on throwing a rock busily.
2． What did the mother’s words imply?
A．It was necessary to bring a dog. B．Never speak to strangers on the street.
C．It was worthwhile to befriend Mr. Lee. D．Never pass anybody without greetings.
3． What do the underlined words “this seat” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．An empty seat in the office. B．An important business deal.
C．The post of vice president on the board. D．The position of the founder of the company.
4． What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Power of Hello B．My Road to Success
C．The Influence from My Mom D．My Advice on Career
【答案】B D D A
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。作者听从妈妈的建议，通过时刻注意和人打招呼这个小小的举动，在工作中一路晋升，作者由此得出感悟：一声“你好”在人际交流时非常有力量。
1． 细节理解题。根据第二段“She stopped to speak to Mr. Lee while I was busy throwing a rock towards the stop sign. I knew I could see Mr. Lee any time around the neighborhood, so I didn’t pay any attention to him.  (当我正忙着向停车标志扔石头时，她停下来和李先生说话。我知道我随时都能在附近看到李先生，所以我没有注意他。)”可知，作者能经常见到李先生，所以光顾着玩，没有跟李先生打招呼。故选B项。
2． 推理判断题。根据第二段“She said, ‘Promise me this will be your last time to walk by somebody and not open up your mouth to speak, because even a dog can wag its tail when it passes you on the street.’ (她说：‘答应我，这将是你最后一次从别人身边走过而不张开嘴说话，因为即使是狗在街上经过你身边也会摇尾巴。’)”可知，作者的母亲希望作者以后每次见到别人能和人到招呼，不要不打招呼，这是基本礼仪。故选D项。
3． 词义猜测题。根据第三段“At work, I always used to say hello to the founder of the company and ask him how our business was doing. After a few years of passing by the founder, I had the courage to ask him how far he thought I could go in his company. He said, ‘If you want to, you can get all the way to this seat.’ (在工作中，我总是和公司的创始人打招呼，问他我们的生意做得怎么样。在与创始人擦肩而过几年后，我鼓起勇气问他，他认为我在他的公司能走多远。他说：‘如果你愿意，你可以一路走下去，坐到这个座位上。’)”，下文“Now I’ve become vice president, but that hasn’t changed the way I approach people. (现在我已经是副总裁了，但这并没有改变我与人打交道的方式)”可知，那位创始人认为，以作者的能力和交际能力，今后能做到他的那个位置，而作者一路晋升，目前已经到副总裁的位置了，依旧注意和人打招呼，还有晋升的潜能。由此可知this seat指公司创始人的职位。故选D项。
4． 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“I can’t say that I know them all by name, but I know my fair share of them and almost all of them know me. I’d say that’s the reason I’ve been able to reach this far in my career. It’s all based on one simple principle: I believe that every single person should be recognized, however small or simple that greeting is. (我不能说我知道他们所有人的名字，但我知道他们中相当一部分人，他们几乎都认识我。我想说，这就是我能在职业生涯中走得这么远的原因。这一切都基于一个简单的原则：我相信每个人都应该被认出来，不管问候是多么小或简单。)”，以及最后一段“The day you speak to someone who has their head down but lifts it up and smiles, you realize how powerful it is just to open your mouth and say, ‘Hello.’ (当你和一个低着头，抬起头微笑的人说话时，你就会意识到仅仅张开嘴说一声‘你好’是多么有力量。)”可知，文章通过作者在生活中时刻注意和人打招呼这个小小的举动，在工作中一路晋升，作者得出感悟：一声“你好”在人际交流时非常有力量。故The Power of Hello适合作为标题。故选A项。

（四川省内江市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
It’s always easier to say “Yes” because most of us want to please other people. Somebody asks you to go for a party but you have tests the next day, or to help them although you are busy at the moment, or to join the activities you have to interest in at all! Even though your heart is crying NO, you find the word “Yes“ coming out of your mouth. However, it usually results in anger-not only for the person who asked you, but also for yourself for not being strong enough.
Lisa Messenger, the Collective Hub CEO, said in her first few years of business, many people asked her to talk over a coffee. Actually, she usually ended up having 20 coffee meetings a week and that stopped her from doing business because she didn’t have time to do her own work.
Messenger finally learned to refuse like “No, I’m sorry, but I don’t have time. ”. She believes if you say “Yes”, you will regret later. Or your heart will be filled with guilt, fear or anger because you feel bad for agreeing to do something you never want to. So you need to be brave enough to say “No” when you’re asked at first.
Janine Garner, CEO of The LBD Group, believed we need to get very clear about our goals. Unless we work towards our goals, nobody else will care about our time. Garner said, “We may end up saying “Yes’ because we feel sorry for somebody who needs us. But we end up having that awful feeling in our heart. You can only achieve the best of you by stopping doing the things that take up your time and don’t add anything towards your goals. Take a good look at the time spent on others, which you really should spend on yourself. ”
1． How does the writer lead in the topic?
A．By giving examples. B．By telling a story. C．By making a survey. D．By asking questions.
2． What can we learn about Messenger?
A．She always agrees to help her workmates. B．She knows how to refuse others politely.
C．She likes drinking coffee in her work time. D．She feels angry when she can’t help others.
3． Which opinion would Janine Gamer probably agree with?
A．Offering help is the key to making friends. B．Helping others may make you successful.
C．You’d better say “No” bravely if necessary. D．People who need us will care about our time.
4． What’s the structure of the passage?
A． B． C． D．
【答案】A B C B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在人们交往的过程中，在必要的时候要勇敢的说“不”。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Somebody asks you to go for a party but you have tests the next day, or to help them although you are busy at the moment, or to join the activities you have to interest in at all! Even though your heart is crying NO, you find the word “Yes” coming out of your mouth.(有人要求你去参加一个聚会，但你第二天有考试，或者尽管你现在很忙，或者你要参加你很感兴趣的活动，你还是帮助他们！即使你的内心很想说“不”，你会发现“是”这个词却从你的嘴里说出来)”可知，作者举出很多与话题相关的例子来说明在别人请求帮助时总是难以说出“不”。故选A项。
2． 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Messenger finally learned to refuse like “No, I’m sorry, but I don’t have time.”(Messenger终于学会了拒绝，“不，对不起，我没有时间”)”可知，Messenger学会了委婉的拒绝对方，也就是礼貌的拒绝对方。故选B项。
3． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Garner 所说的“You can only achieve the best of you by stopping doing the things that take up your time and don’t add anything towards your goals. Take a good look at the time spent on others, which you really should spend on yourself.(你只是通过停止做占用你时间却不为你的目标增加任何东西的事情来实现最好的你。好好看看花在别人身上的时间吧，这些时间是应该花在自己身上的)”可知，Garner认为把本应该花在自己身上的时间却花在了别人的事情上是很不应该的，由此可见，他应该赞成的是“如果必要的话要大胆地说“不””。故选C项。
4． 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It’s always easier to say “Yes” because most of us want to please other people.(说“是”总是很容易，因为我们大多数人都想取悦别人)”可知，人们面对他人请求时总是回复“是”，并举例说明引出文章话题；根据第二段中的“Lisa Messenger, the Collective Hub CEO, said in her first few years of business, many people asked her to talk over a coffee.(Collective Hub首席执行官Lisa Messenger说，在她创业的头几年，很多人请她边喝咖啡边聊天)”与第三段中的“Messenger finally learned to refuse like “No, I’m sorry, but I don’t have time.”(Messenger终于学会了拒绝，“不，对不起，我没有时间。”)”可知这两段均是以Lisa Messenger为例来说明要学会拒绝；第四段中的“Janine Garner, CEO of The LBD Group, believed we need to get very clear about our goals. Unless we work towards our goals, nobody else will care about our time.(LBD集团首席执行官Janine Garner认为，我们需要非常明确我们的目标。除非我们朝着我们的目标努力，否则没有人会关心我们的时间)”是以Janine Garner为例来说明必要的时候要大胆说“不”，综合以上分析，文章的结构如图B所示。故选B项。

（江苏省靖江高级中学2022~2023学年高一上学期期末英语调研测试）
You have everything you think you need for your dream job, but could something else be holding you back? You possess hard skills for the job, but you may lack soft skills. Hard skills are things that are measurable and technical. A master’s degree in business is a hard skill. The ability to speak Spanish is a hard skill. Many specific qualifications for a job are hard skills, such as years of work experience or proficiency (精通) with particular computer programs.
On the other hand, soft skills are harder to define. And they can’t be defined. And they can’t be measured. Soft skills covers a wide range of characteristics that you can work on for a lifetime but some of the most common and most necessary for success include being a good listener and speaker, a wise leader, a problem solver, a strong communicator or a team player. It’s also helpful if you can accept feedback, settle conflicts with others, deal with difficult people or be flexible. These soft skills are what many employers desire.
Soft skills benefit you in many ways. Being a good listener, for example, is very helpful if you’re a doctor. Being flexible, a team player and a problem solver help you succeed when dealing with deadlines.
Soft skills are something extra that help a particular person to succeed. Being able to show you possess them could make a difference in landing a job you’ll love, or being more successful in the job you already have. They make the difference between someone who is just OK at their job and someone who is outstanding, the person you always want on your team. In general, soft skills make you more likable and more competent.
Soft skills are what can set people apart from each other on resumés or in job interviews, but soft skills don’t come naturally.
1． Which of the following belongs to hard skills?
A．Having a good command of English. B．Communicating with others efficiently.
C．Being good at expressing oneself. D．Being able to solve problems.
2． Which of the following is TRUE about soft skills?
A．They are measurable and technical. B．They are taught in many universities.
C．They are desired by many employers. D．They are specific job qualifications.
3． What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Hard Skills Differ from Soft Skills B．Soft skills Can Be Learnt at School
C．Soft Skills Needed in Workplace D．Soft Skills Matter to Your Success at Work
4． What will be probably talked about following the last paragraph?
A．Why soft skills are important. B．How soft skills are developed.
C．Where soft skills are applied. D．What the key soft skills are.
【答案】A C D B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者阐述了“软技能”对于事业成功的重要性。
1． 推理判断题。根据第一段的“The ability to speak Spanish is a hard skill.(讲西班牙语是一项“硬”技能)”并结合选项推知，精通英语也属于“硬技能”。故选A。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二段的“These soft skills are what many employers desire.(这些软技能是许多雇主所渴望的。)”可知，很多雇主很渴望这些“软技能”。故选C。
3． 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“You possess hard skills for the job, but you may lack soft skills.(你拥有工作所需的硬技能，但可能缺乏软技能)”，第二段的“These soft skills are what many employers desire.(这些软技能是许多雇主所渴望的)”，第三段“Soft skills benefit you in many ways. (软技能在很多方面对你都有好处)”和第四段的“Soft skills are something extra that help a particular person to success. (软技能是帮助一个人成功的额外技能)”可知，本文主要讲述“软技能”在你的职场成功中发挥重要的作用。故D项“Soft Skills Matter to Your Success at Work(软技能对你的工作成功至关重要)”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选D。
4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Soft skills are what can set people apart from each other on resumes or in job interviews, but soft skills don’t come naturally.(软技能是使人们在简历或工作面试中脱颖而出的东西，但软技能不是与生俱来的)”可知，“软技能”并不是天生的，是需要培养的。由此可知，接下来作者可能会讲到如何培养“软技能”。故选B。

（北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末练习英语试卷）
When I was a young girl in 8th grade, my classmates told me how they met new friends and even chatted with celebrities on the Internet. I was intrigued and wanted to experience these exciting things. I opened an online account; this was the beginning of my journey through the virtual world. As time went by, I became accustomed to checking social media more frequently. I buried myself in social media, chatting with friends and sharing my life with them. Social media was a source of happiness and more so, it brought a sense of satisfaction, pain, and frustration.
My newfound interest started interfering (干扰) with my schoolwork. Instead of checking my school notes in time as usual, I checked social media more often to see what was happening with my friends’ lives. But I later discovered that by becoming more aware of other people’s lives, I became less in tune with myself. I was more focused on the illusions social media presented than the realities of my life. Thus, I started to sense depression, jealousy and hatred as a result of comparing my life with others. And I became much like what the people in the virtual world expected of me.
Luckily, my phone went missing and my mother refused to get me a new one. I felt sad and lonely. However, her refusal led to something more meaningful to my life. Within a month, I became less concerned about other people’s lives and more concerned about my courses. And I had more time to study and sleep.
Lack of social media also made me realize that social media had been interfering with my study habits and my private life. For example, I had no privacy. Anyone who had access to my social media profiles could easily find out where I lived. Moreover, I sometimes spent 15 hours browsing through social media without doing anything productive.
After examining my use of social media, I decided not to entirely quit social media, but to change the way I use them. I unfollowed sites that didn’t contribute to positive or educative aspects of my life. I only use social media to spread positive messages and connect with others. Social media is not inherently bad, but it becomes terrible when we are addicted to it.
1． After creating an online account, the author .
A．became less in harmony with herself B．showed no concern for her school work
C．lived a more exciting and satisfying life D．cared more about others and felt happier
2． Lack of social media made the author .
A．develop new hobbies B．focus more on her studies
C．forget how to access her account D．unfollow sites connected with her life
3． The author might agree that social media .
A．ruins people’s life and should be quit B．broadens people’s views of the world
C．challenges people’s self-control ability D．plays a primary role in people’s life
4． What is the passage mainly about?
A．A struggle in the days without phones. B．Ways to get rid of social media addiction.
C．A personal experience with the virtual world. D．Drawbacks of social media outweigh benefits.
【答案】A B C C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了一位八年级的女孩从沉迷于社交媒体失去自我到解脱回归正轨到理解社交媒体的真正意义并正确使用的过程。
1． 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But I later discovered that by becoming more aware of other people’s lives, I became less in tune with myself. (但后来我发现，通过更多地关注别人的生活，我变得越来越不适应自己。)”可知，在创建了一个在线账号后，作者对自己越来越不能认同。故选A。
2． 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Within a month, I became less concerned about other people’s lives and more concerned about my courses. (不到一个月，我就不再关心别人的生活，而是更关心我的课程。)”可知，没有社交媒体使作者更专注于她的学习。故选B。
3． 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Social media is not inherently bad, but it becomes terrible when we are addicted to it. (社交媒体本身并不坏，但当我们沉迷于它时，它就变得可怕了。)”可知，社交媒体容易让人沉迷，考验人的自制力。故选C。
4． 主旨大意题。根据第一段第三句“I opened an online account; this was the beginning of my journey through the virtual world. (我开了一个网上账户；这是我虚拟世界之旅的开始。)”以及第三段首句“Luckily, my phone went missing and my mother refused to get me a new one. (幸运的是，我的手机不见了，我妈妈拒绝给我买一个新的。)”以及末段末句“Social media is not inherently bad, but it becomes terrible when we are addicted to it. (社交媒体本身并不坏，但当我们沉迷于它时，它就变得可怕了。)”可知，本文讲述了作者从沉迷于社交媒体到解脱到理解社交媒体的真正意义的过程。故选C。

（北京市石景山区2022-2023学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题）
The first time I heard about my classmates engaging with social media was in the fourth grade. A lot of my friends and classmates had excitedly jumped onto platforms like Instagram at such a young age. On the other hand, I hesitated. I only knew the basics, but was foreign to some words on social media.
All throughout middle school, I stuck with the same thinking. And now, as a freshman in college, I am looking back and wondering why I, unlike my classmates, have never been naturally interested in social media.
Scanning Instagram, you ought to find dozens of pictures of people in beautiful countries, taking part in exciting activities, and spending time with friends and family, among many other things. The thought of doing this has never related to me. I respect and understand those who do believe using social media allows them to express themselves and share aspects of their lives with others. However, I have never had any interest in doing the same. In my eyes, when not shared with others, family gatherings and friend get-togethers are just as meaningful, if not more so.
Most people have experienced feeling insecure (不安全) and unconfident on social media. Images that are changed represent unrealistic beauty standards that can only be obtained through dangerous ways. Even without using social media, I knew that using apps like Instagram and Facebook would make me embarrassed about all the aspects that make me a unique individual. I’ve never wanted to look at a post on social media and immediately compare myself and my life.
I constantly observe my classmates getting easily distracted (使分心) by social media.While trying to complete their homework, they have a powerful urge to open up Instagram or Facebook to see if there are any new messages. With homework and after-class activities consuming the majority of my day, I cannot wait to finish every task on my to-do list, so I can finally spend time with my family or have some time for myself to relax from my busy day.
1． What can we know from the first two paragraphs?
A．Social media are popular in schools. B．Young pupils suffer from social media.
C．The author has no access to social media. D．Social media contribute to students’ study.
2． From paragraph 3, we can know that ________.
A．students get easily distracted by social media
B．pictures of people taking part in exciting activities are not real
C．family gatherings are not meaningful if not shared with others
D．the author never shares aspects of his lives with others on social media
3． Why do people using social media might feel insecure?
A．They post their images on social media.
B．They follow other people’s beauty standards totally.
C．Social media change the way they look at themselves.
D．Social media encourage them to be a unique individual.
4． What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．A to-do list can stop people using social media.
B．Social media can waste people’s valuable time.
C．Spending time with family always enjoys first priority.
D．Students pay more attention to social media than to study.
【答案】A D C B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要从作者对自己不喜欢社交媒体的这一心理的反思入手，针对社交媒体对当下人们的影响进行思考和论述。
1． 推理判断题。文章前两段讲述了作者身边的人及作者本人对社交媒体平台的态度，结合第一段前两句“The first time I heard about my classmates engaging with social media was in the fourth grade. A lot of my friends and classmates had excitedly jumped onto platforms like Instagram at such a young age.(我第一次听说同学们使用社交媒体是在四年级的时候。我的很多朋友和同学在很小的时候就兴奋地登上了Instagram这样的平台)”可知，在四年级的时候，作者的朋友和同学就纷纷参与到社交媒体平台，由此可推知，社交媒体很受学生欢迎。故选A项。
2． 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The thought of doing this has never related to me. I respect and understand those who do believe using social media allows them to express themselves and share aspects of their lives with others. However, I have never had any interest in doing the same. In my eyes, when not shared with others, family gatherings and friend get-togethers are just as meaningful, if not more so. (我从来没想过要这么做。我尊重并理解那些相信使用社交媒体可以让他们表达自己并与他人分享生活的人。然而，我从来没有兴趣做同样的事情。在我看来，家庭聚会和朋友聚会在不与人分享的情况下，同样有意义，甚至更有意义)”可知，作者从来没有在社交媒体上分享自己与朋友和家人共度时光的照片。故选D项。
3． 推理判断题。根据第四段“Most people have experienced feeling insecure and unconfident on social media.   Images that are changed represent unrealistic beauty standards that can only be obtained through dangerous ways.   Even without using social media, I knew that using apps like Instagram and Facebook would make me embarrassed about all the aspects that make me a unique individual. I’ve never wanted to look at a post on social media and immediately compare myself and my life.(大多数人在社交媒体上都有过不安全感和缺乏自信的经历。被改变的照片代表着不切实际的美丽标准，只有通过危险的方式才能获得。即使不使用社交媒体，我也知道使用Instagram和Facebook等应用程序会让我在所有方面都感到尴尬，而这些方面却会让我成为一个独一无二的人。我从来都不想在看到社交媒体上的帖子后，立即将自己和自己的生活与其进行比较)”可知，社交媒体平台上的图片等内容可能是经过编辑的，一些美丽标准是不容易实现的。且这些社交媒体容易让人产生对比心理，阅读者往往将博主的生活和自己的生活进行对比，使自己对自己的看法产生变化，而作者不同于他人，作者是不想这样去对比的。由此可推知，使用社交媒体的人之所以会感到不安全是因为社交媒体使人们之间产生对比，改变了人们看待自己的方式。故选C项。
4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“I constantly observe my classmates getting easily distracted by social media. While trying to complete their homework, they have a powerful urge to open up Instagram or Facebook to see if there are any new messages.(我经常观察到我的同学很容易被社交媒体分心。在努力完成家庭作业的同时，他们有一种强烈的冲动，想打开Instagram或Facebook，看看是否有新消息)”可知，社交媒体会影响完成作业的进度，使得人们浪费宝贵的时间去关注社交动态。故选B项。

（宁夏回族自治区银川市宁夏六盘山高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试题）
America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, and share their holidays and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality(好客)easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides for our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at home, but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
For the Americans, it is often considered friendlier to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!
1． The writer of this passage must be________.
A．an American B．a Chinese C．a professor D．a student
2． What does the underlined phrase “ generous with our time ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ?
A．Willing to spend time. B．Serious about time.
C．Careful with time. D．Strict with time.
3． When we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will be________.
A．warmly welcomed at the airport B．offered a ride to his home
C．treated kindly at his home D．treated to dinner in a restaurant
4． What is the best title for this passage ?
A．Friendships between Chinese
B．Friendships between Americans
C．Americans’ hospitality
D．Americans’ and Chinese people’s different views on friendship
【答案】B A C D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了中国人和美国人对待友谊的不同观点和方式。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.(这对我们中国人来说是很难理解的，因为我们之间的友谊花得比较慢，但可能会变成一生的感情，有时会深入到两个家庭。)”和第三段“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.(我们中国人理解美国人的另一个难点是，尽管他们在日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果这需要大量的时间，他们就不会对我们表现出礼貌。)”可知，这篇文章的作者一定是一个中国人。故选B。
2． 词句猜测题。根据划线词前一句“although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country(尽管美国人在他们的日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果需要花费大量的时间，他们就不会表现出他们的礼貌。这通常与我们国家的做法相反)”可知，在中国，我们可能会慷慨地花时间。由此可以猜测，generous with our time意思为“在时间上很慷慨，愿意付出很多时间”。故选A。
3． 细节理解题。根据第三段“The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at home, but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine. (然而，美国人通常是在家里表示欢迎，但在日常生活之外确实抽不出大量时间来接待客人。)”和“Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably. (一旦我们到达他们的家，欢迎将是充分的，热情和真实的。我们会受到热情款待。)”可知，当我们到美国去拜访一位美国朋友时，我们会在他家受到亲切的接待。故选C。
4． 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别根据第一段“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.(这对我们中国人来说是很难理解的，因为我们之间的友谊花得比较慢，但可能会变成一生的感情，有时会深入到两个家庭。)”和第三段“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.(我们中国人理解美国人的另一个难点是，尽管他们在日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果这需要大量的时间，他们就不会对我们表现出礼貌。)”可知，文章说明了美国人和中国人对友谊方面的不同观点和做法。文章标题应为“Americans’ and Chinese people’s different views on friendship(美国人和中国人对友谊的不同观点)”。故选D。

（2023届河南省开封市高三第一次模拟考试英语试题）
A recent study by a group of researchers found that there is a link between happiness and a term that the researchers coined called “relational diversity.”
Using public data from sources like the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the World Health Organization, the researchers were able to analyze data sets and survey responses from people who had shared their daily habits, schedules and interactions. They noticed a clear relationship between relational diversity and overall levels of satisfaction.
Hanne Collins, a Harvard Business School doctoral student who co-authored the study, says that relational diversity is composed of two elements: richness and evenness.
Richness measures relationship categories, or how many kinds of people you interact with in a day. That could be your romantic partner, a family member, a neighbor or a stranger. “The more relationship categories they talk to in a day and the more even their conversations are across those categories, the happier they are. And we find this in a large sample across many countries,” Collins said.
Evenness relates to the distribution of conversations among those different relationship categories. Some people may find themselves interacting with colleagues at work more than, say, their family members. “If you have a few conversations with colleagues, a few with friends, a few with a romantic partner or a couple chats with strangers, thats going to be more even across these categories,” Collins explained.
Ultimately, Collins says, the study gives insight to the idea that humans are social creatures at heart. Having a support system is important, but it goes beyond your inner circle. “Its about this mix. Its about connecting with people who are close to you, who are maybe less close to you, who connect you with other people, who provide different kinds of support,” she said. “Essentially, the idea is that the more diverse your social portfolio (社交档案), the happier you are and the higher your well-being.”
Next time you consider striking up a conversation with a stranger in line at the grocery store or while waiting at the coffee shop, keep in mind that it might be beneficial to your well-being.
1． How does the author explain the term “relational diversity”?
A．By listing statistics. B．By making comparison.
C．By giving definitions and examples. D．By describing the process.
2． Who is the happiest according to the study?
A．A person who interacts most with his family members.
B．A person who communicates frequently with his friends.
C．A person who seldom strikes up conversations with strangers.
D．A person who has ever conversations with many different people.
3． Which of the statements about the study is true?
A．Researchers came up with a new concept.
B．It shows that a support system is not necessary.
C．Researchers collected data by conducting experiments.
D．It was led by a doctoral student from Harvard Business School.
4． What is the writers attitude towards the result of the study?
A．Neutral. B．Skeptical. C．Opposed. D．Approving.
【答案】C D A D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究人员分析了美国劳工统计局和世界卫生组织等来源的公开数据，并调查了被调查者所分享的日常习惯、日程安排和互动，发现幸福和社会关系多样性之间存在联系，所以作者鼓励大家要多和陌生人交流。
1． 推理判断题。根据第三段“Hanne Collins, a Harvard Business School doctoral student who co-authored the study, says that relational diversity is composed of two elements: richness and evenness. (该研究的合著者、哈佛商学院的博士生汉娜·柯林斯说，人际关系的多样性由两个因素组成：丰富性和均匀性)”，第四段“Richness measures relationship categories, or how many kinds of people you interact with in a day. That could be your romantic partner, a family member, a neighbor or a stranger. (丰富度衡量的是关系类别，也就是你每天与多少种人打交道。可能是你的恋人、家庭成员、邻居或陌生人)”，第五段“Evenness relates to the distribution of conversations among those different relationship categories. Some people may find themselves interacting with colleagues at work more than, say, their family members. “If you have a few conversations with colleagues, a few with friends, a few with a romantic partner or a couple chats with strangers, thats going to be more even across these categories,” Collins explained.(均匀性与这些不同关系类别之间的对话的分布有关。有些人可能会发现自己在工作中与同事的交流比与家人的交流更多。“如果你和同事聊几句，和朋友聊几句，和恋人聊几句，或者和陌生人聊几句，这些类别的情况会更平均，”柯林斯解释说)”可推知，作者对“人际关系的多样性”作了定义，并举例说明其丰富性和均匀性。故选C项。
2． 推理判断题。根据第四段“Richness measures relationship categories, or how many kinds of people you interact with in a day. That could be your romantic partner, a family member, a neighbor or a stranger. “The more relationship categories they talk to in a day and the more even their conversations are across those categories, the happier they are. And we find this in a large sample across many countries,” Collins said.(丰富度衡量的是关系类别，也就是你每天与多少种人打交道。可能是你的恋人、家庭成员、邻居或陌生人。“他们一天中谈论的关系类别越多，而且谈话跨越这些类别的次数越多，他们就越快乐。我们在许多国家的大样本中发现了这一点，”柯林斯说)”可推知，研究表明，一个与许多不同的人交谈过的人是最幸福的。故选D项。
3． 细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study by a group of researchers found that there is a link between happiness and a term that the researchers coined called “relational diversity.” (一组研究人员最近的一项研究发现，幸福和一个研究人员创造的术语“关系多样性”之间存在联系)”可知，这个研究组在研究中，创造了新词 relational diversity；第六段的第一句“Ultimately, Collins says, the study gives insight to the idea that humans are social creatures at heart. (最终，柯林斯说，这项研究让人们深刻认识到，人类本质上是社会生物)”以及最后一句“Essentially, the idea is that the more diverse your social portfolio (社交档案), the happier you are and the higher your well-being. (从本质上讲，这个观点是你的社交档案越多样化，你就越快乐，你的幸福感就越高)”可知，研究人员提出了一个新的概念：幸福和社会关系多样性之间存在联系。故选A项。
4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Next time you consider striking up a conversation with a stranger in line at the grocery store or while waiting at the coffee shop, keep in mind that it might be beneficial to your well-being. (下次当你想在杂货店排队或在咖啡店等的时候和陌生人搭讪时，请记住这可能对你的幸福有益)”可知，作者认同这项研究结果，鼓励大家多和陌生人交谈，增加幸福感。故选D项。

服务他人


（甘肃省酒泉市普通高中2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
Twenty years ago, Zhang Guimei encountered (碰到)a teenage girl sitting in a daze (发呆) on the side of a road in Huaping county, Yunnan Province, with a broken straw basket at her side. Zhang, a local high school teacher, asked what was wrong.
The girl told Zhang that she wanted to go to school, but her family was too poor to afford it. Zhang went to the 14-year-old girl’s home in an attempt to persuade her parents to allow their daughter to continue schooling. However, they directly refused her. Unable to help, Zhang left. With the teenager always on her mind, Zhang was trying to figure out how to help the local girls.
She came up with the idea of building a girls-only high school, where students wouldn’t have to pay anything. In 2007 Zhang attended the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. She spoke, through mass media, to the public about her long cherished dream. With the financial support from the local government and warm-hearted people, Huaping Girls’ High School was opened in 2008. On the first day of the new school year, 100 students enrolled in the school. Most of the girls were from mountainous areas. Several had physical disabilities or were orphans (孤儿) or children of single parents.
Since she started the school more than 10 years ago, Zhang Guimei has visited more than 1, 600 households, traveled more than 110. 000 kilometers, and walked to many places to encourage parents to send their daughters to school, so the girls could improve their education to change their fates.
Due to Zhang’s efforts to help the students improve their studies, many of them were able to take college entrance examinations and get offers from universities. Rooted in poverty-stricken areas for several decades, Zhang Guimei worked silently helping more than 1, 800 girls in poor mountainous areas realize their dreams, blocking the intergenerational transmission (代际传递) of poverty with education, and illuminating (照亮) the dream of these country girls with love and wisdom.
1． What do we know about the teenage girl?
A．She was given up by her parents. B．She had severe physical disabilities.
C．She was not interested in studying. D．She had no access to school education at first.
2． How did Zhang Guimei improve the local givls’ education?
A．She helped establish a free high school for girls.
B．She inspired teachers to work in mountainous areas.
C．She donated money to support country girls’ families.
D．She walked to remote villages to teach local girls at their home.
3． What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Zhang’s efforts to help teenagers. B．Zheng’s contributions to education.
C．Zhang’s methods to improve girls’ studies. D．Zhang’s ways of realizing her childhood dream.
4． Which words best describe Zhang Guimei?
A．Determined and devoted. B．Humorous and creative.
C．Demanding and talented. D．Strong-minded and calm.
【答案】D A B A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了华坪女子高中校长张桂梅的先进事迹。
1． 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The girl told Zhang that she wanted to go to school, but her family was too poor to afford it.(女孩告诉张，她想去上学，但她的家庭太穷了，负担不起。)”可知，女孩想上学但却上不起，由此可知，她开始没有接受教育的机会。故选D项。
2． 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She came up with the idea of building a girls-only high school, where students wouldn’t have to pay anything.(她提出了建立一所女子高中的想法，学生们不必支付任何费用。)”以及“With the financial support from the local government and warm-hearted people, Huaping Girls’ High School was opened in 2008.(在当地政府和热心群众的大力支持下，华坪女子中学于2008年正式开学。)”可知，张桂林提出建一所免费的女子学校，并于2008年在政府与热心人的资金帮助下建成并开学，所以张桂梅是通过为女孩子们建一所免费高中改善当地女孩子教育的。故选A项。
3． 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Due to Zhang’s efforts to help the students improve their studies, many of them were able to take college entrance examinations and get offers from universities.(由于张老师努力帮助学生们提高学习成绩，他们中的许多人都参加了高考，得到了大学的录取通知。)”可知，经过张桂梅的努力，很多女生考入大学，并结合下文介绍的1800多名山区的女生实现自己的梦想等可知，最后一段主要介绍的是张桂梅的教育贡献。故选B项。
4． 推理判断题。根据第四段“Since she started the school more than 10 years ago, Zhang Guimei has visited more than 1, 600 households, traveled more than 110. 000 kilometers, and walked to many places to encourage parents to send their daughters to school, so the girls could improve their education to change their fates.(自从十多年前创办这所学校以来，张桂梅已经走访了1600多户家庭，行走了110,000多公里。并步行到许多地方鼓励父母送女儿上学，这样女孩就可以改善她们的教育，改变她们的命运。)”可知，张桂梅自创校以来，走访上千家庭，行走十余万公里劝说鼓励家长送孩子到学校上学以改变自己的命运，由此可知，张桂梅校长是坚定而又忠于自己的工作。故选A项。

（浙江省湖州市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末调研测试英语试题）
Tongai Matandirotya, who works at Brass Bell Restaurant near Cape Town, left behind his own safety to dive into the cold Atlantic ocean to rescue a mother and daughter swept off the pier (长堤) by a sudden wave.
It was a relatively calm day in the fishing village of Kalk Bay. Several people were walking by the window of Brass Bell looking out to the water. Then the scene changed.
“I saw this wave come over the harbor and cover the people, dragging them into the ocean. I immediately ran outside, undressed myself, and dived into the water because I saw a child go in as well.” Tongai said.
37-year-old Clair Gardiner and her 8-year-old daughter Arya were the people swept away by the wave. Gardiner knew they were being pulled into the water as soon as the wave rushed over them, and she managed to wrap her arms around little Arya.
By now Tongai had dropped the drink he was pouring, taken off his belt and jumped into the water—followed by a tourist unnamed by the news reports. By then the ferocious waves, even just a few meters from shore, had pulled Gardiner and Arya apart. Tongai used his belt to rescue Arya who wasn’t able to stay afloat by herself.
“I recently went to the restaurant to thank him,” Gardiner told local news. “My daughter recognized him immediately, and we all embraced each other. We are so thankful to Tongai and the tourist man who risked their lives to save ours; we’ll forever be grateful to them.”
Tongai noticed he had been badly scratched up by the concrete wall of the pier, but he didn’t care about it. Brass Bell congratulated their man on Facebook, saying they were “so proud” of him, with several comments adding reminders to “tip him well”.
1． What can we learn from the passage?
A．Brass Bell Restaurant rewarded Tongai with some tips.
B．Tongai did the rescue perfectly without getting any scratch.
C．Gardiner succeeded in wrapping the belt around little Arya.
D．Gardiner went specially to the restaurant to express her appreciation.
2． What does the underlined word “ferocious” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Distant. B．Light. C．Wild. D．Peaceful.
3． Which of the following words can best describe Tongai?
A．Warm-hearted and confident. B．Outgoing and optimistic.
C．Quick-thinking and courageous. D．Talkative and determined.
4． Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．An Act of Kindness B．A Heroic Deed by the Sea
C．A Sudden Wave to Humans D．An adventure by the Sea
【答案】D C C B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在开普敦附近的Brass Bell餐厅工作的Tongai Matandirotya不顾自己的安全，跳进冰冷的大西洋去救一对被突然袭来的海浪冲下码头的母女的事迹。
1． 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的““I recently went to the restaurant to thank him,” Gardiner told local news.(“我最近去了餐厅感谢他，”Gardiner告诉当地新闻)”可知，Gardiner专门到那家餐馆去表达了她的谢意。故选D。
2． 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“even just a few meters from shore, had pulled Gardiner and Arya apart.(即使离海岸只有几米远，也把Gardiner和Arya拉开了距离)”可推知，当时的海浪非常凶猛。由此可知，划线词ferocious与wild(狂暴的)意思接近。故选C。
3． 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I immediately ran outside, undressed myself, and dived into the water because I saw a child go in as well.(我立刻跑到外面，脱下衣服，跳入水中，因为我看到一个孩子也进去了)”和倒数第二段中的“We are so thankful to Tongai and the tourist man who risked their lives to save ours; we’ll forever be grateful to them.(我们非常感谢Tongai和那个冒着生命危险拯救我们的游客；我们将永远感激他们)”可知，当时营救过程非常凶险，但是Tongai第一时间下水去营救。由此可知，Tongai思维敏捷，勇敢无畏。故选C。
4． 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Tongai Matandirotya, who works at Brass Bell Restaurant near Cape Town, left behind his own safety to dive into the cold Atlantic ocean to rescue a mother and daughter swept off the pier (长堤) by a sudden wave.(在开普敦附近的Brass Bell餐厅工作的Tongai Matandirotya不顾自己的安全，跳进冰冷的大西洋去救一对被突然袭来的海浪冲下码头的母女)”及下文陈述可知，文章主要讲述了Tongai Matandirotya不顾自己的安全，跳进冰冷的大西洋去救一对被突然袭来的海浪冲下码头的母女的事迹。由此可知，A Heroic Deed by the Sea(海边的英雄事迹)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。

（辽宁省锦州市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
A librarian, whose name is Raden Roro Hendarti in Indonesia’s Java island, is lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect in a special way to clean up the environment and get the kids to read more.
Each weekday Raden Roro Hendarti fills up her three-wheeler with books, and then she rides it to Muntang village. There she exchanges books with the children for plastic cups, bass and other waste that she carries back. She told Reuters she is helping develop reading in the kids as well make them aware of the environment. As soon as she shows up, little children, many accompanied by their mothers, surround her “Trash Library” and exchange for the books.
They are all carrying trash bags and Raden’s three-wheeler quickly fills up with them as the books fly out. She’s happy the kids are going to spend less time on online games as a result. “Let us build a culture of reading from young age to mitigate the harm of the online world,” Raden said.
She collects about 100 kg of waste each week, which is then sorted out by her colleagues and sent for recycling or sold. She has 6,000 books to lend and wants to take the mobile service to neighbouring areas as well. She hopes that more and more people can do something to help protect the environment.
1． Why is Raden lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect?
A．To collect trash and fight against climate change.
B．To teach children to save the earth by reading books.
C．To protect the environment and help children read more.
D．To introduce her books on protecting the earth to children.
2． What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Replace. B．Prevent. C．Destroy. D．Reduce.
3． Which of the following word can best describe Raden?
A．Curious. B．Responsible. C．Hard-working. D．Positive.
4． From the text we can know that ______.
A．the service is popular only among adults B．Raden exchanges books two days a week
C．Raden may take the service to neighbouring areas D．the waste will be sorted out after recycling or sold
【答案】C D B C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了印尼爪哇岛一位名叫Raden Roro Hendarti的图书管理员将书籍借给孩子们，以换取他们以特殊方式收集的垃圾，以清洁环境，让孩子们多读书。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段“A librarian, whose name is Raden Roro Hendarti in Indonesia’s Java island, is lending books to children in exchange for trash they collect in a special way to clean up the environment and get the kids to read more.(印尼爪哇岛一位名叫Raden Roro Hendarti的图书管理员将书籍借给孩子们，以换取他们以特殊方式收集的垃圾，以清洁环境，让孩子们多读书)”可知，Raden把书借给孩子们换取他们收集的垃圾是为了保护环境，帮助孩子多读书。故选C。
2． 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“She’s happy the kids are going to spend less time on online games as a result.(她很高兴孩子们花在网络游戏上的时间会减少)”以及后文“the harm of the online world”可知，孩子们花在网络游戏上的时间减少了，即减少了网络世界的危害。由此可知，划线词意思是“减少”。故选D。
3． 推理判断题。根据第三段“She’s happy the kids are going to spend less time on online games as a result. “Let us build a culture of reading from young age to mitigate the harm of the online world,” Raden said.(她很高兴孩子们花在网络游戏上的时间会减少。“让我们从小就建立一种阅读文化，以减轻网络世界的危害，”Raden说)”并结合Raden通过让孩子收集垃圾的方式保护环境，让孩子多读书可推知，Raden很负责。故选B。
4． 细节理解题。根据最后一段“She has 6,000 books to lend and wants to take the mobile service to neighbouring areas as well.(她有6000本书可以出借，还想把移动服务推广到邻近地区)”可知，Raden可以把服务带到邻近地区。故选C。

（广西桂林市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（含听力））
When asking for money, teens usually spend money in eating and having fun. But Garland Benson, a 14-year-old boy in Austin, Texas, asks for money to help his sister, Christiane.
Garland is trying to raise ＄l million to help cover the cost of starting a clinical trial (临床试验) to develop a treatment for Batten disease that can cause blindness. Christiane was found having Batten disease at age 5,and she was 15 in 2018.
“It’s $1 million that I’m going to raise by myself,” Garland told KXAN.  “My first goal was to get 100,000 people to give $10 each, and I can do that by spreading it on social media, getting people to donate (捐赠) ＄10 until 10 people and then keep going like that and finally I’ll get there．”
Garland’s $1 million plan, called “Be a Hero!”, started in February, 2017. He has nearly reached his goal and he has raised $869,525. He has used school projects and even at school-based group of brothers called “Brothers for Batten“ who do things like garage sales to raise the money.
Christiane hasn’t allowed Batten disease to keep her from experiencing life. She still goes skiing with her family, rides horses and is a part of her school’s cheerleading squad (啦啦队).
Garland and Christiane’s parents, Charlotte and Craig, started the Beyond Batten Disease Foundation in 2008 in the hope of funding a clinical trial for treatments that may slow the progress of Batten disease. Mom Charlotte is proud of both her kids for doing what they can to help each other and others with Batten disease.
1． Why does Garland Benson want to raise $1 million?
A．To pay for his sister’s schooling. B．To help fight his sister’s disease.
C．To collect money for his daily fun. D．To do a research on a deadly disease.
2． What can we know about Garland Benson’s “Be a Hero!”?
A．It has nearly succeeded. B．It is a school-based group of brothers.
C．It helps slow the progress of Batten disease. D．It is a website designed for people with Batten disease.
3． Which of the following best describes Christiane?
A．Cheerful and brave. B．Clever but depressed
C．Unfortunate but positive. D．Active and hard-working.
4． What can we learn about Christiane’s mother?
A．She takes pride in her children.
B．Her efforts to fund a clinical trial failed.
C．She is proud of her children’s achievement in study.
D．She once turned to the Beyond Batten Disease Foundation.
5． Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A Little Girl Fights Against Disease. B．A Great Project Treats Volunteers.
C．Batten Disease Can Cause Blindness. D．A Boy Raises Money To Help His Sister.
【答案】B A C A D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的14岁男孩加兰德·本森筹集资金帮助他的妹妹克里斯蒂安治疗巴顿病。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But Garland Benson, a 14-year-old boy in Austin, Texas, asks for money to help his sister, Christiane.”（但是，德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的14岁男孩加兰·本森 (garland Benson) 却要钱来帮助他的妹妹克里斯蒂安(Christiane)。）以及第二段“Garland is trying to raise ＄l million to help cover the cost of starting a clinical trial to develop a treatment for Batten disease that can cause blindness. Christiane was found having Batten disease at age 5,and she was 15 in 2018.”（加兰正试图筹集100万美元，用于启动一项临床试验，以开发一种治疗可导致失明的巴顿病的方法。克里斯蒂安在5岁时被发现患有巴顿病，2018年她15岁。）可知，加兰·本森想要筹集100万美元是因为帮助他妹妹对抗疾病。故选B项。
2． 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Garland’s $1 million plan, called “Be a Hero! ”, started in February,2017. He has nearly reached his goal and he has raised $869,525.”（加兰的100万美元计划名为“做一个英雄！”，始于2017年2月。他几乎达到了他的目标，他已经筹集了869,525美元。）可知，关于加兰·本森的“做一个英雄！”计划，我们能知道它几乎成功了。故选A项。
3． 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Christiane hasn’t allowed Batten disease to keep her from experiencing life. She still goes skiing with her family, rides horses and is a part of her school’s cheerleading squad.”（克里斯蒂安没有让巴顿病阻止她体验生活。她仍然和家人一起滑雪、骑马，还是学校拉拉队的一员。）可推知，克里斯蒂安虽然不幸但很积极乐观。故选C项。
4． 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Mom Charlotte is proud of both her kids for doing what they can to help each other and others with Batten disease.”（妈妈夏洛特为她的两个孩子感到骄傲，因为他们尽自己所能帮助彼此和其他患有巴顿病的人。）可知，关于克里斯汀的母亲我们能了解到她为自己的孩子感到骄傲。故选A项。
5． 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“But Garland Benson, a 14-year-old boy in Austin, Texas, asks for money to help his sister, Christiane.”（但是，德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的14岁男孩加兰·本森 (garland Benson) 却要钱来帮助他的妹妹克里斯蒂安(Christiane)。）可知，文章主要讲的是德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的14岁男孩加兰德·本森筹集资金帮助他的妹妹克里斯蒂安治疗巴顿病。故文章最适合的标题是“一个男孩筹集资金帮助他的妹妹。”故选D项。

（湖南省益阳市2022-2023学年高一上学期2月期末英语试题）
One night, during the first of my eldest son’s three basketball games, we happened to be sitting next to a lady with a young son. The little boy looked slightly younger than my youngest son. At one point in the game, the little guy looked over to my son, and said, “Wanna be my friend?” My husband leaned over to tell me what he heard. I spent the next 20 minutes taking pictures of my oldest son on the court, and my youngest son, with his new buddy, playing games two seats down from where I sat. It was a heart-warming scene and reminded me how easy it can be to make new friends.
A few hours earlier, we went to a downtown cafe for an afternoon treat. There were no free tables for four, so we took a table for two, and crowded into the small space, each taking a bite of everyone else’s order. We were loud. We were likely annoying the college students with open laptops, drinking coffee and working hard to finish midterm papers. One such young lady came over to our table and said, “I have more room at my table. I am happy to trade with you guys so you can spread out.” It was a simple act but it showed a selfless heart. We politely refused her offer, but her kindness stuck with me for hours after it happened.
These are just two examples of everyday kindnesses I often take for granted. I could name so many more. Although often overlooked, these small acts of service, friendliness and human care are what it takes to make the world go round.
1． What heart-warming scene did the author see?
A．Her little son made a new friend. B．Her eldest son played basketball well.
C．Her husband leaned over to warm her. D．The college students worked hard in the cafe.
2． Why did the young lady in the cafe came over to the author’s table?
A．To take a bite of her ordered food. B．To exchange her table with the author’s.
C．To invite the author to join her at her table. D．To ask the author to help her with her papers.
3． What does the underlined word “overlooked” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Acquired. B．Advanced. C．Improved. D．Ignored.
4． What does the author try to express?
A．Making friends is not a difficult thing.
B．Remember those who helped you out.
C．Acts of everyday kindnesses make the world better.
D．Small acts of service mean little to people in need.
【答案】A B D C
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者的儿子交了新朋友以及在咖啡馆陌生人的善举，告诉我们这些小小的服务、友好和关怀是让世界运转的要素。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I spent the next 20 minutes taking pictures of my oldest son on the court, and my youngest son, with his new buddy, playing games two seats down from where I sat. It was a heart-warming scene and reminded me how easy it can be to make new friends.(在接下来的20分钟里，我给我的大儿子在球场上拍照，我的小儿子和他的新朋友在离我两个座位的地方玩游戏。这是一个温暖人心的场景，提醒我结交新朋友是多么容易)”可知，作者看到的暖心的场景是她的小儿子交了一个新朋友。故选A。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One such young lady came over to our table and said, “I have more room at my table. I am happy to trade with you guys so you can spread out.” It was a simple act but it showed a selfless heart. We politely refused her offer, but her kindness stuck with me for hours after it happened.(一位这样的年轻女士走到我们桌旁说：“我的桌子还有空位。我很乐意和你们交易，这样你们就可以散开坐了。”这是一个简单的行为，但它显示了一颗无私的心。我们礼貌地拒绝了她的提议，但她的好意在事情发生后的几个小时里我一直记得)”可知，咖啡馆里的年轻女士走到作者的桌旁是为了把她的桌子和作者的桌子交换。故选B。
3． 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“these small acts of service, friendliness and human care are what it takes to make the world go round”以及although引导让步状语从句，可知虽然经常被忽视，但这些小小的服务、友好和关怀是让世界运转的要素。故画线词意思是“忽视”。故选D。
4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段“These are just two examples of everyday kindnesses I often take for granted. I could name so many more.(这只是我经常认为理所当然的日常善意的两个例子。我还能说出很多)”结合文章通过作者的儿子交了新朋友以及在咖啡馆陌生人的善举，告诉我们这些小小的服务、友好和关怀是让世界运转的要素。可推知，作者试图表达每天的善举让世界更美好。故选C。

（河北省邢台市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
When Alice became a primary school teacher in Detroit, Michigan, she wanted her students to fall in love with reading. But early on, she realized that some kids had few chances to get books.
She said that she had figured out which books each child in the class liked to read at the end of the first day of school. To Alice, the solution was simple: Give kids books. In 2018, she gave away about one thousand second-hand children’s books over three days. Most people were satisfied with the charity event.
But she wanted to do more. So she set a new goal for herself: Give away one million books. She got to work at once, first by persuading friends to donate books or money to buy books. Before long, as the news of Alice’s project spread, strangers started to send her piles of books. As quickly as receiving the books, Alice gave them to local schools free of charge, and supplied many books to little free libraries around the city. She also hosted a book club for the local prisoners.
In the four years, Alice has been doing all this. She has given away more than seventy thousand books, but her goal is far more than that. She is not slowing down. She decides to work harder to achieve her goal. It is too important for kids with few choices. “Reading can take you anywhere,” she says. “You can travel in time and space. If you can read, you can learn almost anything.”
1． What problem did some of Alice’s students face according to paragraph 1?
A．They could not read at all. B．They disliked going to school.
C．They lacked interest in reading. D．They had limited access to books.
2． What did Alice do in 2018?
A．She called on adults to read. B．She held a book charity event.
C．She bought some books in a project. D．She solved the problem of the kids’ schooling.
3． What is Alice like?
A．Proud and cold. B．Selfish and awkward.
C．Outgoing and humorous. D．Selfless and hard-working.
4． What can be the best title for the text?
A．A Book Giver B．A Book Seller
C．The Best Teacher D．The Recent Choice
【答案】D B D A
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述为了让孩子们获得读书的机会，爱丽丝为此做出了很多的努力。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段“But early on, she realized that some kids had no chance to get books. (但在早期，她意识到有些孩子没有机会得到书。)”可知，爱丽丝的学生们获得书籍的途径有限。故选D。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二段“In 2018, she gave away about one thousand second-hand children’s books over three days. Most people were satisfied with the charity event. (2018年，她在三天内赠送了约1000本二手儿童书。大多数人对慈善活动感到满意。)”可知，2018年，爱丽丝举办了一场捐书的慈善活动。故选B。
3． 推理判断题。根据第三段“But she wanted to do more. So she set a new goal for herself: Give away one million books. She got to work at once, first by persuading friends to donate books or money to buy books. Before long, as the news of Alice’s project spread, strangers started to send her piles of books. As quickly as receiving the books, Alice gave them to local schools free of charge, and supplied many books to little free libraries around the city. She also hosted a book club for the local prisoners. (但她想做更多。所以她为自己设定了一个新目标：赠送一百万本书。她立刻开始工作，首先说服朋友捐书或捐钱买书。不久，随着爱丽丝项目的消息传开，陌生人开始给她寄来成堆的书。收到这些书后，爱丽丝立即将它们免费送给当地学校，并向城市周围的小型免费图书馆提供了许多书。她还为当地囚犯举办了一个读书会。)”可知，爱丽丝很无私并且很努力。故选D。
4． 主旨大意题。根据第二段“To Alice, the solution was simple: Give kids books. (对爱丽丝来说，解决办法很简单：给孩子们书。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述为了让孩子们获得读书的机会，爱丽丝为此做出了很多的努力。故选A。

（辽宁省铁岭市某校2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
I was riding my special motorbike this past weekend and stopped at a store. As I was getting my wheelchair off the back, a man watched me from his car and I noticed a wheelchair in his back seat. We spoke for a moment and I asked him about the wheelchair. He answered that it was for his daughter. “Well, do you think she would like to go for a ride on my motorbike with me?” I asked. He seemed amazed that a total stranger would ask him this. He thought about it for a second and said, “OK, as long as I can follow you.”
He introduced me to Amy and he sat her on my back seat. Her father followed me for a few miles and she talked non-stop about what she wanted for Christmas.
As we came back to the store she said, “This ride is the best Christmas present I could ever receive. I have been in a wheelchair my whole life and didn’t know I could do this.” Then she turned to him and said, “Oh Daddy, I’m going to be OK. Mr. Bryant does all kinds of things — and I will, too.” Her father hugged me and said, “I was sitting here praying for a gift for Amy that would encourage her. She often felt that her life was boring compared to other children. God answered my prayer (祷告) just now. Now I pray that God will bless you for your gift to Amy today.” Being kind and thoughtful to others, we can be an answer to prayer.
1． How did the father feel at first when the author invited his daughter for a ride?
A．Anxious. B．Embarrassed (尴尬的).
C．Surprised. D．Moved.
2． What can we know about the author?
A．He was a disabled man. B．He usually drove too fast.
C．He worked in a store. D．He often helped people in trouble.
3． According to the passage, the girl ________.
A．was not allowed to do some sports B．used to be a completely healthy person
C．was unwillingly to communicate with a stranger D．usually felt sad about life because of her disability
4． What was the author’s gift according to the girl’s father?
A．The motorbike. B．The wheelchair. C．The ride. D．The prayer.
【答案】C A D C
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。身患残疾的作者得知男子的女儿也残疾，便邀请她一起骑他的摩托车兜风，使原本因残疾而对生活感到悲伤的女孩心态有所改变，作者能做的事她也能做，这位父亲感谢作者的这份圣诞礼物。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段“‘Well, do you think she would like to go for a ride on my motorbike with me?’ I asked. He seemed amazed that a total stranger would ask him this. He thought about it for a second and said, ‘OK, as long as I can follow you.’ (‘那么，你认为她愿意和我一起骑我的摩托车去兜风吗？’我问。一个完全陌生的人会问他这个问题，他似乎很惊讶。他想了一会儿，说：‘好吧，只要我能跟上你就行。’)”可知，当作者邀请他的女儿一起骑他的摩托车时，这位父亲很吃惊。故选C项。
2． 推理判断题。根据第一段“ As I was getting my wheelchair off the back, a man watched me from his car and I noticed a wheelchair in his back seat. (当我把轮椅从后面拿下来时，一个男人从他的车里看着我，我注意到他的后座上有一把轮椅)”可推知，作者有轮椅，应该是一个残疾人。故选A项。
3． 推理判断题。根据第三段“I have been in a wheelchair my whole life and didn’t know I could do this.(我一生都在轮椅上，不知道我能做到这一点)”以及“As we came back to the store she said, “This ride is the best Christmas present I could ever receive. I have been in a wheelchair my whole life and didn’t know I could do this.” (她的父亲拥抱着我说：‘我坐在这里祈祷给艾米一份能鼓励她的礼物。她经常觉得自己的生活和其他孩子比起来很无聊。’)”可知，这个女孩需要鼓励，因为她残疾而情绪低落，常对生活感到悲伤。故选D项。
4． 推理判断题。根据第一段“‘Well, do you think she would like to go for a ride on my motorbike with me?’ I asked. (‘那么，你认为她愿意和我一起骑我的摩托车去兜风吗？’我问)”，最后一段“As we came back to the store she said, ‘This ride is the best Christmas present I could ever receive....’ (当我们回到商店时，她说：“这段行程是我收到过的最好的圣诞礼物……)”以及“I was sitting here praying for a gift for Amy that would encourage her. She often felt that her life was boring compared to other children. God answered my prayer (祷告) just now. Now I pray that God will bless you for your gift to Amy today. (我坐在这里祈祷给艾米一份能鼓励她的礼物。她经常觉得自己的生活和其他孩子比起来很无聊。上帝刚刚回应了我的祷告。现在我祈祷上帝保佑你今天给艾米的礼物)”可知，这个父亲认为作者邀请他女儿一起乘坐摩托车这事是一个圣诞礼物。故选C项。

（四川省遂宁市2022-2023学年高一上学期末考试英语试题）
Emily Bhatnagar has always loved reading. “Growing up, I was really shy, so I always turned to books,” she said. “They became my best friends when I didn’t have one.”
In 2019, when Emily was in her second year of high school, her dad suffered from cancer. The news was difficult for the family. Books became an even bigger comfort, and she started thinking about families in similar situations. When her father recovered, she came up with a plan to help others. “The idea came from the fact that there were kids who were facing the same problem,” she said.
Then, Emily started the book drive in her hometown, Gaithersburg, Maryland. The goal was to collect books and give them to kids being treated for cancer in local hospitals. Her father was not surprised by this plan. “She always wants to do things for the neighborhood,” he said. Since the start of the book drive, which she calls For Love & Buttercup, Emily has collected more than 10,000 books.
Emily had no idea how much attention her work would get. She started by posting on social media, asking people in her area to donate. “I was expecting maybe two or three neighbors to do it,” she said. “But it ended up blowing up,” especially when newspapers began reporting it.
The Children’s Inn is one of the places where Emily has donated books. “Donations like Emily’s share a piece of the world with kids and families that they may not experience,” said its director, Aisha Campbell. Emily continues to run the book drive with her parents’ help. She hopes to one day make it reach more kids. The memory of the first time she visited children who’d received her books sticks with her. “It was the best day of my life,” she said. “I realized I wanted to do this type of work forever.”
1． What made Emily come up with the book drive?
A．Her father’s illness. B．Her care for others.
C．Her habit of reading. D．Her own shyness.
2． What did Emily’s For Love & Buttercup want to do?
A．Help her father defeat cancer. B．Give her father a surprise.
C．Comfort other kids in need. D．Collect books for hospitals.
3． How did Emily feel about the book drive at first?
A．Uncertain. B．Surprised. C．Proud. D．Disappointed.
4． What is Emily’s future plan?
A．Getting more help from her parents. B．Starting another book drive very soon.
C．Making her program benefit more kids. D．Writing books about her experiences.
【答案】B C A C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女孩Emily Bhatnagar从书籍中找到了一种将消极情绪转化为积极情绪的方法。她决定收集书籍并将它们分发给在当地医院接受癌症治疗的孩子们。她希望通过捐书活动，安慰更多的孩子们。
1． 推理判断题。根据第二段“When her father recovered, she came up with a plan to help others. ‘The idea came from the fact that there were kids who were facing the same problem,’ she said.(当她父亲康复后，她想出了一个帮助他人的计划。她说：“这个想法来自于有很多孩子也面临着同样的问题。”)”可推知，对别人的关心让艾米丽想到了募书活动。故选B。
2． 细节理解题。根据第三段“The goal was to collect books and give them to kids being treated for cancer in local hospitals. Her father was not surprised by this plan. ‘She always wants to do things for the neighborhood,’ he said. Since the start of the book drive, which she calls For Love & Buttercup, Emily has collected more than 10,000 books.(他们的目标是收集书籍，并将它们送给当地医院接受癌症治疗的孩子们。她父亲对这个计划并不感到惊讶。“她总是想为社区做点什么，”他说。这场名为“献给爱与金凤花”的募书活动开始以来，艾米丽已经收集了一万多本书。)”可知，艾米丽的“献给爱与金凤花”活动想要安慰有需要的孩子们。故选C。
3． 推理判断题。根据第四段“Emily had no idea how much attention her work would get. (艾米丽不知道她的工作会得到多少的关注。)”可知，她一开始对捐书工作不太确定。故选A。
4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She hopes to one day make it reach more kids. (她希望有一天能让更多的孩子接触到它。)”可推知，艾米丽的未来计划是让她的项目受益更多孩子们。故选C。

（云南省昆明市第一中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
Jose Alberto Gutierrez’s life would never be the same again after finding a copy of Anna Karenina 20 years ago. It happened that he was driving his garbage truck through wealthier neighborhoods and seeing books thrown away by the rich. It inspired him to start rescuing books from the trash. Eventually, he turned his book collection into a community library.
In Colombia’s capital city of Bogota, libraries tend to be far away from poorer communities. The choice of buying new books is non-existent for poor families and having access to a library of books is a luxury. Gutierrez grew up poor, and his family could not afford to educate him beyond primary school. But his mother was a passionate reader and read stories to him every night. Her love for books left a deep impression on Gutierrez, who never let a lack of formal education stop him.
Today, his community library, “The Strength of Words”, occupies most of his home and is piled from floor to ceiling with fiction and non-fiction titles. Everything from school textbooks to storybooks can be found in his collection of over 20,000 books! The Strength of Words library is open every weekend, and children in Gutierrez’s neighbourhood are allowed to look through the book collection. Adults are also welcome to expand their vision and develop new skills for a better life.
Today, the Gutierrez family doesn’t only want to start libraries in neighbourhoods. They want to create more safe spaces for school children to spend their time reading. This is important for kids living in Bogota where many young people waste time in the streets.
Gutierrez’s journey to give treasure back to his local community is an amazing example of how every one of us can improve the lives of those around us by identifying needs, investing time and finding a simple solution. We can take a leaf out of Gutierrez’s book and act the same way.
1． Where might Gutierrez find a copy of Anna Karenina?
A．In the trash. B．In a community library.
C．In a rich man’s house. D．In his garbage truck.
2． What do we know about Gutierrez’s library?
A．It aims to recycle and reuse the garbage. B．It is supported by wealthier communities.
C．It is in the charge of his passionate mother. D．It makes knowledge accessible to poor kids.
3． What does the underlined sentence in the last paragragh mean ?
A．We should value Gutierrez’s spirit of paying back.
B．We can follow Gutierrez’s example to help others.
C．We should go to visit Gutierrez’s library personally.
D．We can donate deserted books to Gutierrez’s library.
4． Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．From Trash to Treasure B．The Books of Gutierrez
C．From Home to Community D．The Strength of Reading
【答案】A D B A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述古铁雷斯通过从垃圾堆里收集书籍，在穷人社区里建立图书馆，改善了穷人们的阅读条件，这些图书是一笔巨大的知识财富。
1． 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句和第三句“Jose Alberto Gutierrez’s life would never be the same again after finding a copy of Anna Karenina 20 years ago.It happened that he was driving his garbage truck through wealthier neighborhoods and seeing books thrown away by the rich. It inspired him to start rescuing books from the trash.(20年前，何塞·阿尔贝托·古铁雷斯发现了一本《安娜·卡列尼娜》，从此他的生活从此改变。有一次他开着垃圾车经过富人区，看到富人把书扔掉。这激励他开始从垃圾堆里捡书。)”可推断，古铁雷斯可能是在垃圾桶里找到一本《安娜·卡列尼娜》的。故选A。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“In Colombia’s capital city of Bogota, libraries tend to be far away from poorer communities. The choice of buying new books is non-existent for poor families and having access to a library of books is a luxury.(在哥伦比亚首都波哥大，图书馆往往远离贫困社区。对于贫困家庭来说，购买新书是不存在的选择，而能够进入图书馆读书是一种奢侈。)”和第三段倒数第二句“The Strength of Words library is open every weekend, and children in Gutierrez’s neighbourhood are allowed to look through the book collection.(“文字的力量”图书馆每个周末都开放，古铁雷斯所在社区的孩子们可以翻阅这些藏书。)”可知，古铁雷斯的图书馆让贫穷的孩子也能接触到知识。故选D。
3． 词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“Gutierrez’s journey to give treasure back to his local community is an amazing example of how every one of us can improve the lives of those around us by identifying needs, investing time and finding a simple solution.(古铁雷斯将财富回馈当地社区的旅程是一个惊人的例子，说明我们每个人都可以通过确定需求、投入时间和找到简单的解决方案来改善周围人的生活。)”和最后一句中的“and act the same way(并以同样的方式行动)”可知，此处是指我们可以以古铁雷斯为榜样去帮助其他人。故选B。
4． 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“It inspired him to start rescuing books from the trash. Eventually, he turned his book collection into a community library.(这激励他开始从垃圾堆里捡书。最后，他把他的藏书变成了一个社区图书馆。)”和最后一段第一句“Gutierrez’s journey to give treasure back to his local community is an amazing example of how every one of us can improve the lives of those around us by identifying needs, investing time and finding a simple solution.(古铁雷斯将财富回馈当地社区的旅程是一个惊人的例子，说明我们每个人都可以通过确定需求、投入时间和找到简单的解决方案来改善周围人的生活。)”可知，文章主要是讲古铁雷斯通过从垃圾堆里收集书籍，在穷人社区里建立图书馆，改善了穷人们的阅读条件的故事，这些被扔掉的图书变成了一笔巨大的知识财富。因此推断A项“变废为宝”为最佳标题。故选A。

（河南省南阳市2022-2023学年高一上学期2月期末英语试题）
Milo is a rescue dog, adopted (收养) by 20-year-old Makayla Swift. But the beagle (猎犬)is also a rescuer.
One morning in November 2021, Swift opened her front door in Silver Spring, Maryland, and Milo took off running. Milo ran to the house across the street. He seemed unsatisfied with this house, so he ran to the one next door, Swift on his tail. “He started scratching on the front door, ” Swift says, “I’m thinking, ‘Why is he literally trying to break into her house?’”
She felt uneasy. Not everyone wants a strange dog on their house. But as she tried to drag Milo away, she could hear a sound coming through an open upstairs window. It was a voice yelling “Help!”
Hours earlier, around 4 a. m., Sherry Starr had risen from her bed. “All of a sudden, standing there between the toilet and the tub, I slipped,” she says. "I went down—hard— on the tile(瓷砖) floor!" Starr is 85. She was stuck.
“I could not move at all,” says Starr, who was stuck between the toilet and the tub. Starr was scared. “I’m thinking: I’m just going to die here.” she says. Her best bet, she decided, was to listen for the letter carrier in the afternoon and scream at the top of her lungs. For the next few hours, Starr practiced yelling: “Help! Help! Help!”
“Her voice was very weak,” says Swift, “You had to be right at the front door to hear Starr yell for help.” Milo the beagle, apparently heard Starr the instant Swift opened her own front door. Swift called 911. Paramedics (医护人员) thought they’d have to remove the toilet to pull Starr, but they gave one last pull—and out she popped. Though bruised (擦伤), Starr declined a trip to the hospital.
Swift has known her share of distress. Two years ago, her mother died. She says Milo has helped her with her grief. “That dog is a blessing.” she says.
1． Why did Swift feel uneasy?
A．Scratching on a stranger’s door was impolite. B．She was following Milo.
C．Milo had broken into the house. D．She adopted Milo.
2． What did Sherry Starr hope for?
A．She rose from the bed at 5 a. m. B．She could move slightly.
C．She wished the letter carrier to help her out. D．Her voice was heard by the letter carrier.
3． What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A．Milo opened the front door himself.
B．The toilet was removed in order to pull Star.
C．Swift was no longer feeling sad about her mother’s death.
D．Milo heard Starr’s voice earlier than he got to her house.
4． What is the main idea of this passage?
A．All dogs are helpful to humans. B．A rescue dog saves an old woman.
C．The elders should be taken good care of. D．Waiting for help is the only thing we can do when in danger.
【答案】A C D B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述狗狗Milo救了老太太Starr的经过。
1． 细节理解题。根据第二段““He started scratching on the front door, ” Swift says, “I’m thinking, ‘Why is he literally trying to break into her house?’”(他开始抓前门，”斯威夫特说，“我在想，‘他为什么真的要闯进她家？’”)”和第三段“Not everyone wants a strange dog on their property.(不是所有人都希望陌生狗涉足他们的房屋)”可知，Milo抓陌生人家门的行为是不礼貌的，故选A。
2． 细节理解题。根据第五段“Her best bet, she decided, was to listen for the letter carrier in the afternoon and scream at the top of her lungs.(她说，她决定，最好的办法就是在下午倾听送信人的声音，然后声嘶力竭地尖叫。)”可知，她希望邮递员的到来，帮她脱困。故选C。
3． 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Her voice was very weak, ”says Swift, “You had to be right at the front door to hear Starr yell for help. ”Milo the beagle, apparently heard Starr the instant Swift opened her own front door. (“她的声音非常微弱，” Swift说，“你必须站在前门才能听到Starr的呼救声。”Swift打开她前门的瞬间，小猎犬Milo，显然听到了斯塔尔声音。)”可知，Swift一开前门，Milo就听到了Starr的呼救声。因此，在Milo进入Starr家之前，就听到了她的声音。故选D。
4． 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Milo is a rescue dog, adopted (收养) by 20-year-old Makayla Swift. But the beagle (猎犬)is also a rescuer. (Milo是一只救援犬，被20岁的Makayla Swift收养。但小猎犬也是一个救援者。)”可知文章讲了狗狗Milo救了老太太Starr一事。故选B。

科技发展


（江苏省盐城市大丰中学、盐城一中等六校2022-2023学年高一上学期期末联考英语试卷）
In the animal kingdom, killer whales (虎鲸) are social stars: they travel in different family groups, care for grandchildren, and even imitate human speech. Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships. A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that is a sign of strong friendship.
Some ocean animals maintain social structures — including male dolphins (海豚) that learn the “names” of their close friends. But there is little proof about wild killer whales. That’s where drone (无人机) technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his workmates to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales. That was high enough not to trouble the whales, marking the first time drones have been used to study friendly physical contact in whales.
The researchers recorded over 800 examples of physical contact between individuals. Those included slippery hugs, back-to-back and nose-to-nose touches between pairs of whales. Other whales playfully threw young whales into the air, letting them fall into the water. Besides, the drone pictures showed clear preferences among individuals, usually for one “best friend” of the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for example. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there communicating with each other,” Weiss says.
The young led most of these interactions, rather than the older females or males. Older males in particular were less important. “The young individuals really seem to be the glue (胶水) holding the groups together, Weiss says. As individuals age, this gradual loss of “centrality” is known in many social mammals, including humans. That finding is “especially appealing” to biological anthropologist Stacey Tecot, who didn’t join in the study. “Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new proofs, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss.
1． What does the underlined word “rival” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Rise to. B．Be equal to.
C．Benefit from. D．Depend on.
2． What is new about Weiss’ research?
A．The research method. B．The size of the research team.
C．The target of the research. D．The time spent on the research.
3． What did Weiss find about J49 and J51?
A．They have a long-lasting friendship. B．Their communication is difficult to understand.
C．Their communicating ways change frequently. D．They prefer playing with young female whales.
4． What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．More researchers will take part in the study.
B．Other scientists take a negative attitude to the research.
C．Researchers will get more proofs to study killer whales.
D．Researchers will uncover the social aging trend in animals soon.
【答案】B A A C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了行为生态学家团队开展了新的研究，发射无人机观察虎鲸之间友好的身体接触，研究发现虎鲸的社交能力中包括快速建立友谊。
1． 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships. A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that is a sign of strong friendship.”（现在，科学家们又增加了一种行为：快速建立友谊。一项新的研究表明，在“社交接触”这一强烈友谊标志上，虎鲸可以与黑猩猩和猕猴（一种猴子）等动物rival，甚至可以与人类相媲美。）可知，科学家们对于虎鲸的社交能力有了新的发现，它们具有很强的建立友谊的能力，可推知这种能力甚至达到可以和黑猩猩、猕猴，甚至人类的水平。rival意为“与……相匹敌”，与be equal to意思相近。与故选B项。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But there is little proof about wild killer whales. That’s where drone (无人机) technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his workmates to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales.”（但是关于野生虎鲸的证据很少。这就是无人机技术的用武之地。行为生态学家Michael Weiss和他的同事们一起发射无人机，让它们在一群虎鲸上空30到120米的地方飞行。）可知，Weiss使用了无人机进行研究，收集相关数据，也就是他的研究方法是新颖的。故选A项。
3． 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for example. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there communicating with each other,” Weiss says.”（以J49和J51为例，它们是9岁和6岁的远亲年轻雄性动物。Weiss说：“每当你看到一群鲸鱼时，它们就在那里相互交流。）可知，J49和J51之间联系紧密，总是在交流，所以它们之间有长久的友谊。故选A项。
4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new proofs, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss.”（她说:“科学家们长期以来一直在观察动物的这种社会老龄化趋势，但仍有许多未解之谜。”这当然在研究人员的关注范围内。“我们已经在用更先进的设备收集新的证据，”Weiss说。）可知，虎鲸群体中的社会老龄化趋势有待进一步研究，研究人员也正在用新的设备收集证据。由此推知，研究人员将会有更多的证据来研究虎鲸。故选C项。

（湖南省娄底市新化县2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
In the last 50 years the media influence has grown increasingly with the advance of technology.
First there was the telegraph, then the radio, the newspaper, the television and now the Internet. We live in a society that depends on information and communication to keep moving in the right direction and do our daily activities.
In our daily life, we rely on the media to get the current news and facts about what is important and what we should be aware of. We have put our trust on the media as an authority to give us news, entertainment and education. However, the influence of mass media on our kids, teenagers and society is so big that we should know how it really works.
Of all the media distribution channels, the most influential has been the television. We are constantly exposed to thousands of images of violence, advertising, celebrities and much more. But who owns the media, which are the companies or people that shape our values, beliefs and decisions? In America, the media is basically dominated by some major companies. They own the major entertainment theme parks, entertainment movie studios, television and radio broadcast networks and programming, video news and sports entertainment. They also own integrated telecommunications, wireless phones, video games softwares, electronic media, music industry and more.
Years ago there was more diversity in companies, but they have merged(融入) so now they are just a few and they have the power to shape the opinions and beliefs of us and our kids. So it’s important to be aware of what your kids are exposed to every day and you should also try to look at things from different perspectives(角度) and not just from the one the media gives you.
1． In the author`s opinion, which media is the most influential?
A．Newspaper. B．TV. C．Radio. D．Telegraph.
2． What does the underlined word “dominated” mean?
A．Replaced. B．Overlooked. C．Controlled. D．Sold.
3． What has happened since mass media companies merged?
A．They have more power to shape our opinions and beliefs
B．We know more about what our kids are exposed to.
C．We can look at things in various perspectives.
D．A lot of money can be saved and spent on other projects.
4． What is the best title of the passage?
A．What mass media is B．Influence of TV on the masses
C．The harm of media D．Mass media influence
【答案】B C A D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述在过去的50年里，随着技术的进步，媒体的影响力越来越大。
1． 细节理解题。根据第四段“Of all the media distribution channels, the most influential has been the television. (在所有媒体分销渠道中，最具影响力的是电视)”可知，依作者来看最具影响力的媒体是电视。故选B。
2． 词句猜测题。根据第四段“But who owns the media, which are the companies or people that shape our values, beliefs and decisions? In America, the media is basically dominated by some major companies. (但谁拥有媒体，是哪些公司或人塑造了我们的价值观、信仰和决策？在美国，媒体基本上由一些大公司dominated。)”可知，这里讲述媒体对人们的影响，所以dominated的意思应该是“主导，控制”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。
3． 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Years ago there was more diversity in companies, but they have merged(融入) so now they are just a few and they have the power to shape the opinions and beliefs of us and our kids. (几年前，公司有更多的多样性，但它们已经合并了，所以现在它们只是少数，它们有能力塑造我们和孩子的观点和信念。)”可知，大众传媒公司有能力塑造我们和孩子的观点和信念。故选A。
4． 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the last 50 years the media influence has grown increasingly with the advance of technology. (在过去的50年里，随着技术的进步，媒体的影响力越来越大。)”和最后一段“Years ago there was more diversity in companies, but they have merged(融入) so now they are just a few and they have the power to shape the opinions and beliefs of us and our kids. So it’s important to be aware of what your kids are exposed to every day and you should also try to look at things from different perspectives(角度) and not just from the one the media gives you. (几年前，公司有更多的多样性，但它们已经合并了，所以现在它们只是少数，它们有能力塑造我们和孩子的观点和信念。因此，重要的是要意识到你的孩子每天都会接触到什么，你也应该试着从不同的角度看待事情，而不仅仅是从媒体给你的角度。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述媒体对人们的影响。故选D。

（山东省德州市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
Is it likely that a person who originally has no language ability is cheerfully discussing the World Cup with you? The answer is yes.
In a paper published in Nature Communications on November 8, 2022, researchers have successfully changed the brain waves of an aphasic (失语症) paralyzed person into sentences, which are displayed on the computer screen and can “say” thousands of words, as is intended.
This participant is 30 years old. A decade ago he was aphasic due to stroke, his arms and legs unable to move. He depended on a pole pinned on the baseball cap to click the letters on the screen to communicate with people. It's quite inconvenient.
Last year researchers from the University of California used the latest technology to implant (植入) a device into the speech motor area of his brain and connect it with a neural (神经的) instrument to monitor brain wave patterns when he expressed different words. They used computer programs to build a language model with a vocabulary of 50 words for him. When he used these words to “speak” in his mind, his brain wave movement was turned into complete sentences and shown on the screen. For months the team recorded his neural activity when he “spoke”, used AI to identify various patterns and linked them to the words. Once a researcher asked on the screen, “Do you want some water?” And he answered, “No. I'm not thirsty.”
“The spelling speed of the device reaches 29.4 characters per minute. The character error rate is only 6.13%. The offline test results show it can be expanded to a large vocabulary containing 9000 words, maintaining a low character error rate-8.23%,” said Sean Metzger, the lead author of the paper. “Aphasic people like to use this device as it makes communication convenient. Anything is possible.”
More aphasic people are needed to participate in the test, which is still a long way from promotion. Experts warn although the study results are impressive, electrode implantation is risky.
1． What is the purpose of the research?
A．To assist aphasic patients to talk. B．To better people's communication.
C．To cure those incapable of speaking. D．To improve patients' language skills.
2． What does paragraph 4 focus on?
A．The practical application of the findings. B．A disadvantage of the language model.
C．The working process of the implanted device. D．A supporting evidence for the research results.
3． What can be inferred from Sean Metzger's words?
A．The device may have a promising future
B．The device can do anything for aphasic group.
C．Further research will centre on avoiding errors.
D．Further research will face many new challenges.
4． Which word best describes the author's attitude to the device?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Objective.
【答案】A C A D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究，研究人员成功地将失语症瘫痪者的脑电波转换成句子，这些句子显示在电脑屏幕上，可以像预期的那样“说出”数千个单词。
1． 推理判断题。根据第二自然段“In a paper published in Nature Communications on November 8, 2022, researchers have successfully changed the brain waves of an aphasic (失语症) paralyzed person into sentences, which are displayed on the computer screen and can “say” thousands of words, as is intended. (在2022年11月8日发表在《自然通讯》上的一篇论文中，研究人员成功地将失语症瘫痪者的脑电波转换成句子，这些句子显示在电脑屏幕上，可以像预期的那样“说出”数千个单词。)”可知，该研究的目的是帮助失语症患者说话。故选A。
2． 主旨大意题。根据第四自然段“Last year researchers from the University of California used the latest technology to implant (植入) a device into the speech motor area of his brain and connect it with a neural (神经的) instrument to monitor brain wave patterns when he expressed different words. They used computer programs to build a language model with a vocabulary of 50 words for him. When he used these words to “speak” in his mind, his brain wave movement was turned into complete sentences and shown on the screen. For months the team recorded his neural activity when he “spoke”, used AI to identify various patterns and linked them to the words. (去年，加州大学的研究人员使用最新技术将一种设备植入他的大脑言语运动区域，并将其与神经仪器连接，以监测他表达不同单词时的脑电波模式。他们使用计算机程序为他建立了一个词汇为50个单词的语言模型。当他用这些词在脑海中“说话”时，他的脑电波运动被转化为完整的句子并显示在屏幕上。几个月来，该团队记录了他“说话”时的神经活动，使用人工智能识别各种模式，并将其与单词联系起来。)”可知，第4段重点介绍了植入装置的工作过程。故选C。
3． 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Aphasic people like to use this device as it makes communication convenient. Anything is possible. (失语症患者喜欢使用这种设备，因为它可以方便沟通。任何事情都有可能。)”可知，从Sean Metzger的话中可以推断出，该设备可能有一个充满希望的未来。故选A。
4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段“More aphasic people are needed to participate in the test, which is still a long way from promotion. Experts warn although the study results are impressive, electrode implantation is risky. (需要更多的失语症患者参加测试，这离推广还有很长的路要走。专家警告说，尽管研究结果令人印象深刻，但电极植入是有风险的。)”可知，作者对该设备的态度是客观的。故选D。

（广东省广州市越秀区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末联考英语试卷）
Never play games with a robot. It will find a way to cheat if it can. A team from Open AI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artificially intelligent robots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hide-and-seek. The robots also learned how to use basic tools and learned to play against the laws of physics in order to win.
In April, 2019, a team of robots known as the Open AI Five beat the human world champions at the team-based video game Dota 2. The hide-and-seek robots use similar laws to learn, but the simpler game allows for more creative play.
Bowen Bakerat Open AI and his colleagues wanted to see if the team-based learning ability of the Open AI Five could be used to create skills that could one day be useful to humans. The researchers set their robots in an environment filled with fixed walls and movable boxes and left them to play team games of hide-and-seek millions of times. The robots each had their own view of the world and couldn’t communicate with each other directly. At first, the hiders simply ran away. However, they soon worked out that they could find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view. For example, they learned that boxes could be used to block doorways and build simple hiding places. The seekers learned that they could move a ramp around and use if to climb over walls. The robots then discovered that being a team player was the quickest way to win.
The hiders also learned to sabotage the other team such as hiding the ramp before hiding themselves so that the other team can`t make use of the ramp. “Once one team learns a new strategy. it creates this pressure for the other team to adapt,” says Baker.
Such tricks show that AIs are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker. “Maybe they’ll even be able to solve problems that humans don’t yet know how to,” However, there’s still a long way to go from online hide-and-seek to real problem-solving.
1． What is the Open AI Five?
A．It is a science team that managed to win Dota 2.
B．It is an AI lab designed to play hide-and-seek.
C．It is a science lab founded to do creative play
D．It is a team of Al robots at the game Dota 2.
2． What can be learned from the game hide and seek in the passage?
A．The robots solve fewer problems than humans.
B．The robots are able to create tools in the game.
C．The robots learned new ways to solve problems.
D．The robots are quick to discover game winners.
3． What does the underlined word “sabotage” mean in paragraph 4?
A．To prevent on purpose. B．To shoot at once.
C．To win at last. D．To adapt on time.
4． What is the author’s opinion in the last paragraph?
A．AI will improve themselves and it won’t take long B．There are ways for AI to solve real problems.
C．There are still limitation of Al applications. D．AI finds more solutions than humans do.
【答案】D C A C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了来自旧金山人工智能实验室Open AI的一个团队开发出了人工智能机器人，这些机器人通过玩捉迷藏来自学合作。机器人还学会了如何使用基本工具，并学会了为了获胜而违反物理定律。
1． 细节理解题。根据第二段“In April, 2019, a team of robots known as the Open AI Five beat the human world champions at the team-based video game Dota 2.( 2019年4月，在以团队为基础的电子游戏《Dota 2》中，被称为Open AI Five的机器人团队击败了人类世界冠军)”可知，Open AI Five是Dota 2游戏中的人工智能机器人团队。故选D。
2． 细节理解题。根据第一段“The robots also learned how to use basic tools and learned to play against the laws of physics in order to win.(机器人还学会了如何使用基本工具，并学会了为了获胜而违反物理定律)”以及最后一段“Such tricks show that AIs are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker.(Baker说，这些技巧表明人工智能能够找到人类错过的解决方案)”可知，机器人学会了解决问题的新方法。故选C。
3． 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“such as hiding the ramp before hiding themselves so that the other team can`t make use of the ramp”可知，隐藏者在隐藏自己之前隐藏斜坡，这样其他队伍就不能利用斜坡，说明学会了故意阻止其它队伍的方法。由此可知，划线词意思是“故意阻止”。故选A。
4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Such tricks show that AIs are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker. “Maybe they’ll even be able to solve problems that humans don’t yet know how to,” However, there’s still a long way to go from online hide-and-seek to real problem-solving.( Baker说，这些技巧表明人工智能能够找到人类错过的解决方案。“也许它们甚至能够解决人类还不知道如何解决的问题。”然而，从网上捉迷藏到真正解决问题还有很长的路要走)”可推知，最后一段作者的观点是人工智能的应用仍有局限性。故选C。

（内蒙古赤峰市红山区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末质量检测英语试卷）
Reading people’s minds seems to be a superpower that only exists in movies. But scientists have now made it possible to translate people’s brain waves!
Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco developed a new device. It can turn brain waves into words on a screen in front of the user. In the study, they tested it with a paralyzed (瘫痪) man.
“To our knowledge, this is the first successful demonstration of direct decoding of full words from the brain of someone who is paralyzed and cannot speak.” said Edward Chang, the senior author of the study. Each year, thousands of people lose the ability to speak due to accidents or diseases. With up to 93 percent accuracy, the new device shows “strong promise” to let these people fully communicate in the future.
One problem with such mind-reading machines, however, is that they have to put electrodes into people’s brains. It’s inconvenient and has health risks. But scientists from the University of Texas, US, have taken steps to change this. They tried to translate people’s thoughts without even touching their heads, reported Live Science.
The new brain scanning technique is called FMRI, or functional magnetic resonance imaging. It’s a safer way of “reading” brain activity. Active brain cells have more oxygen. By tracking this, scientists can translate brain activity.
The team asked participants to listen to 16 hours of radio shows while scanning their brains. Then they used a computer algorithm (算法) to create a story based on the FMRI recording. It matched the radio shows pretty well.
In other tests, the algorithm could basically explain the story of a silent movie that the participants watched. It could even retell a story that the participants imagined in their heads. Although it’s not a word-for-word translation, the technique provides many possibilities.
1． What do the words “strong promise” mean?
A．The device has high accuracy. B．The device can make a promise.
C．The device makes no mistakes. D．The device makes a paralyzed man speak.
2． How does FMRI “read” people’s minds?
A．It puts electrodes into people’s brains.
B．It tracks the oxygen of brain cells.
C．It makes predictions based on people’s habits.
D．It guesses people’s thoughts randomly.
3． What’s the advantage of FMRI compared to the first device mentioned in the story?
A．It’s safer. B．It’s cheaper. C．It’s smaller in size. D．It’s more accurate.
4． Which is TRUE about FMRI?
A．It can only record what participants hear.
B．It can record every detail of participants minds.
C．Its recordings can be used to retell what participants had seen and heard.
D．It is accurate because it can tell imagination from fact.
【答案】A B A C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们现在已经使翻译人们的脑电波成为可能。FMRI装置具有极高的精确度，通过追踪脑细胞的氧气“读取”人们的思想，甚至可以用来复述参与者的所见所闻。
1． 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“With up to 93 percent accuracy (新设备的准确率高达93%)”可知，此处的“strong promise”表示的意思是“精确度高”。由此可知，“strong promise”的意思是该装置具有高精度。故选A。
2． 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Active brain cells have more oxygen. By tracking this, scientists can translate brain activity.(活跃的脑细胞有更多的氧气。通过追踪这一点，科学家可以转换大脑活动)”可知，FMRI通过追踪脑细胞的氧气“读取”人们的思想。故选B。
3． 推理判断题。根据三段中的“One problem with such mind-reading machines, however, is that they have to put electrodes into people’s brains. It’s inconvenient and has health risks (然而，这种读心机的一个问题是，它们必须将电极插入人的大脑。这既不方便又有健康风险)”以及“They tried to translate people’s thoughts without even touching their heads, reported Live Science. (据《现场科学》报道，他们试图翻译人们的想法，甚至不用触摸他们的头)”可推知，与故事中提到的第一种设备相比，FMRI的优势是更安全。故选A。
4． 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It could even retell a story that the participants imagined in their heads.(它甚至可以复述参与者在脑海中想象的故事)”可知，FMRI的录音可以用来复述参与者的所见所闻。故选C。

（浙江省湖州市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末调研测试英语试题）
Robots used to be found only in science fiction. In the 1960s, the animated (动画的) space-age family the Jetsons had a robotic maid who could do household chores. In the 2014 movie Big Hero 6, the robot Baymax could diagnose and heal illnesses instantly. In real life robots function in many manufacturing and household situations. In the field of medicine, robot patients help train doctors and nurses by pretending they have a variety of health conditions. Now robots are finding a home in the food service industry.
The global pandemic and resulting economic crisis have created a lack of restaurant workers. Since restaurants don’t have enough workers, the remaining staff must work harder. Regardless, customers face longer wait times, fewer menu choices and higher prices. Some businessmen are lending a robotic hand in the form of server robots. These robots are not exactly modeled after Rosey, the Jetsons’ robotic household servant, but they are pretty clever.
Server robots come in several different varieties. Many have a design that looks like a rolling cart. One model named Bella even has a cute cat-like face. Many are fairly short and shaped like R2D2 of Star Wars fame. They, designed to deliver dishes, are also just the right height for customers to easily reach them. Restaurant owners are finding server robots ideal for performing repetitive tasks, however many there are. They can not only deliver delicious food to hungry customers, but also fetch back dirty dishes at the end of the meal.
Perhaps you’re wondering about issues such as the cost and safety factors. Concerning the price, a server robot costs from a few thousand to several thousand dollars. And in 2021, a restaurant even rented one for as low as $15 per day. Regarding safety, special sensors on the robots keep them from crashing into customers. Because there aren’t enough restaurant workers, filling positions with these robotic servers is easy. Don’t be surprised if you see one rolling up to your table soon.
1． What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To give some examples. B．To make comparisons.
C．To state the development. D．To introduce the topic.
2． What’s the main reason for the lack of restaurant workers?
A．The rise of labor costs. B．The hard work in the restaurant.
C．The influence of the pandemic. D．The drop of food service industry.
3． What can we infer about server robots from paragraph 3?
A．Customers will be satisfied with the server robots’ service.
B．A server robot may look like a rolling cart with an ugly face.
C．Server robots are not qualified for doing many repetitive tasks.
D．Server robots will help clean dirty dishes at the end of the meal.
4． What’s the writer’s attitude towards the use of robotic servers?
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Worried. D．Objective.
【答案】D C A B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智能机器在现代餐饮服务行业的应用。
1． 推理判断题。根据第一段“Robots used to be found only in science fiction. In the 1960s, the animated (动画的) space-age family the Jetsons had a robotic maid who could do household chores. In the 2014 movie Big Hero 6, the robot Baymax could diagnose and heal illnesses instantly. In real life robots function in many manufacturing and household situations. In the field of medicine, robot patients help train doctors and nurses by pretending they have a variety of health conditions.(机器人过去只出现在科幻小说中。在20世纪60年代，太空时代的动画家庭杰森一家有一个可以做家务的机器人女佣。在2014年的电影《超能陆战队》中，机器人大白可以立即诊断并治愈疾病。在现实生活中，机器人在许多制造业和家庭环境中发挥作用。在医学领域，机器人病人通过假装自己有各种健康状况来帮助培训医生和护士)”介绍了以往的机器人的情况，是为了引出本文主题句“Now robots are finding a home in the food service industry.(现在机器人在食品服务行业找到了归宿)”，由此推知，第一段的作用是引出本文话题——餐饮服务行业中机器人的应用。故选D项。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二段“The global pandemic and resulting economic crisis have created a lack of restaurant workers.(全球疫情大流行和由此引发的经济危机导致餐馆员工短缺)”可知，目前餐馆员工不足是由于受全球疫情所影响。故选C项。
3． 推理判断题。根据第三段“One model named Bella even has a cute cat-like face. Many are fairly short and shaped like R2D2 of Star Wars fame. They, designed to deliver dishes, are also just the right height for customers to easily reach them.(许多设计看起来像一个滚动的推车。一位名叫贝拉的模型甚至有一张可爱的猫脸。许多都相当矮，形状像《星球大战》中的R2D2。它们是用来端菜的，高度也刚好让顾客可以轻松够到)”可知，这些机器人设计的形状很可爱，高度正合适食客们轻松够到，使用了cute，just the right height等肯定的说法，由此推测，顾客应该对这些服务机器人比较满意。故选A项。
4． 推理判断题。第二段“... but they are pretty clever.(但它们非常聪明)”及第三段也表示这些机器人可以使顾客满意，使用了“cute，ideal，just the right height”等正面描述性词汇，最后一段“Concerning the price, a server robot costs from a few thousand to several thousand dollars. And in 2021, a restaurant even rented one for as low as $15 per day. Regarding safety, special sensors on the robots keep them from crashing into customers. Because there aren’t enough restaurant workers, filling positions with these robotic servers is easy. (至于价格，一个服务器机器人的价格从几千到几千美元不等。2021年，一家餐厅甚至以每天15美元的低价租了一辆。在安全方面，机器人身上的特殊传感器可以防止它们撞到顾客。因为没有足够的餐厅工作人员，用这些机器人服务员填补职位很容易)”讲到价格也不贵，也很安全，市场也有需求。由此推测，作者对餐饮业服务机器人的使用持积极肯定的态度。故选B项。

（江苏省淮安市2022-2023学年高一上学期2月期末英语试题）
After years of efforts, China’s space station has been fully operational.
Over the past 19 years, from China’s first manned space mission Shenzhou V to the latest Shenzhou XV launch, the nation’s space projects have progressed from a single-astronaut mission to the long-term stay of several astronauts in space, and the length of time the astronauts stay in space has expanded from just 23 hours to six months.
After the Shenzhou XV spacecraft docked (对接) with the Tiangong space station, the three astronauts handed it over to the three new arrivals before returning to Earth. During the week-long transition (过渡) period there were six astronauts living in the space station. That’s really a huge step forward. Actually, China’s space progress has been advancing. It took eight years to go from Shenzhou V to the Tiangong I space lab, and five years from Tiangong I to the more advanced spacelab Tian gong II.
With the arrival of the Shenzhou XV spacecraft and it screw (全体工作人员) , the Chinese space station is opening a new chapter for China’s space program, as the astronauts will conduct a series of scientific experiments in space. More than 40 space science and technology experiments will be conducted by the Shenzhou XV astronauts. And with more scientific research equipment to be sent to the space station, it will be equal to having a world-class university laboratory in space.
Besides, requests have been received from several countries to send astronauts to take part in the space station experiments, and China is coordinating (协调) with them and actively preparing for the training of foreign astronauts.
The International Space Station has conducted over 3,000 experiments during its time in service, and the Chinese space station won’t waste a minute in this regard. As the only space station after the ISS is retired, it will continue to expand human’s understanding of space. That is worth looking forward to.
1． What can we know from Paragraph 2?
A．Shenzhou V could only take one astronaut to space.
B．Shenzhou V is China’s first man-made spacecraft.
C．Shenzhou XV is China’s first space station.
D．Shenzhou XV stayed in space for just 23 hours.
2． What will happen after the arrival of the Shenzhou XV and it screw?
A．An advanced university laboratory will be sent to Tiangong.
B．Foreign astronauts will probably work in Tiangong in the near future.
C．The International Space Station will be replaced by Tiangong.
D．Crews from Shenzhou XV has done many experiments in space.
3． What’s the author’s attitude towards Tiangong Space Station?
A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．In different. D．Positive.
4． Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Tiangong space station is open to the world.
B．Shenzhou crews meet in Tiangong space station.
C．Tiangong space station and its functions.
D．Shenzhou XV and its advanced techniques.
【答案】A B D A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经过多年努力，中国的空间站已经全面运行，作为国际空间站退役后唯一的空间站，它将继续拓展人类对太空的认识。
1． 细节理解题。根据第二段“Over the past 19 years, from China’s first manned space mission Shenzhou V to the latest Shenzhou XV launch, the nation’s space projects have progressed from a single-astronaut mission to the long-term stay of several astronauts in space, and the length of time the astronauts stay in space has expanded from just 23 hours to six months.”（在过去的19年里，从中国首次载人航天任务神舟五号到最新的神舟十五号发射，中国的航天项目已经从单一宇航员任务发展到多名宇航员长期在太空停留，宇航员在太空停留的时间从仅23小时扩大到6个月。）可知，从第二段我们可以知道神舟五号只能搭载一名宇航员进入太空。故选A项。
2． 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Besides, requests have been received from several countries to send astronauts to take part in the space station experiments, and China is coordinating with them and actively preparing for the training of foreign astronauts.”（此外，已收到多个国家派遣宇航员参加空间站实验的请求，中国正在协调并积极准备培训外国宇航员。）可知，神舟十五号到达后，在不久的将来，外国宇航员可能会在天宫工作。故选B项。
3． 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The International Space Station has conducted over 3,000 experiments during its time in service, and the Chinese space station won’t waste a minute in this regard. As the only space station after the ISS is retired, it will continue to expand human’s understanding of space. That is worth looking forward to.”（国际空间站在其服役期间已经进行了3000多项实验，中国空间站在这方面不会浪费一分钟。作为国际空间站退役后唯一的空间站，它将继续拓展人类对太空的认识。这是值得期待的。）可推知，作者对天宫空间站的态度是积极肯定的。故选D项。
4． 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第四段中“And with more scientific research equipment to be sent to the space station, it will be equal to having a world-class university laboratory in space.”（随着更多的科研设备被送往空间站，它将相当于在太空中拥有一个世界一流的大学实验室。）、倒数第二段“Besides, requests have been received from several countries to send astronauts to take part in the space station experiments, and China is coordinating with them and actively preparing for the training of foreign astronauts.”（此外，已收到多个国家派遣宇航员参加空间站实验的请求，中国正在协调并积极准备培训外国宇航员。）和最后一段中“As the only space station after the ISS is retired, it will continue to expand human’s understanding of space. That is worth looking forward to.”（作为国际空间站退役后唯一的空间站，它将继续拓展人类对太空的认识。这是值得期待的。）可知，文章主要讲的是经过多年努力，中国的空间站已经全面运行，作为国际空间站退役后唯一的空间站，它将继续拓展人类对太空的认识。故文章最适合的标题是“天宫空间站向世界开放”。故选A项。

（吉林省长春市实验中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末英语试题）
Jason Barnes is a young musician who lives in Georgia. Eight years ago, Jason lost his right arm just below his elbow in an accident. Jason got a prosthetic (假体的) arm. But this arm could only do a few things. Jason still wanted to play music. So he went to see Gil Weinberg, who makes musical robots. To play the piano, Jason needed five fingers that could move just the way he wanted. This was a big challenge.
Living arms move when muscles respond to commands from the brain. When you think “open fingers”, your brain sends electrical signals along nerves. Some prosthetic arms use sensors (传感器) to try to read these nerve signals. But they don’t work very well. Nerves are tiny, and their signals are faint. Sensors might be able to tell that you want to move a finger. But they aren’t very good at telling which finger you want to move.
Jason doesn’t have his hand anymore, but he still has the arm muscles that move his fingers. When Jason thinks about moving his fingers, those muscles still move. To read the muscles inside Jason’s arm, the team used ultrasound (超声波). The roboticists taught a computer to read the ultrasound sensor as Jason thought about moving his fingers. The computer learned which muscles moved when Jason wanted his fingers to move in a certain way. Thinking about moving his fingers makes the muscles in his upper arm move. The computer sees the moving muscles and tells the motors in Jason’s robotic fingers to move the right way.
The team hopes the “Skywalker hand”, their prosthesis, will someday work as well as a real hand. The sensors, motors, and computers inside the hand are not complex. But they need to get smaller and cheaper before lots of these hands can be made. Weinberg and his team are working on this right now. Soon, they hope that anyone who loses a hand will be able to get a new robotic one with five fingers that they can move just by thinking.
1． Why did Jason visit Weinberg?
A．To save his own life. B．To learn to play music.
C．To study musical robots. D．To replace his prosthetic arm.
2． What does the underlined word “faint” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Specific. B．Weak. C．Stable. D．Predictable.
3． What makes the invention of the robotic hand possible?
A．Moving muscles are simpler to spot than nerves.
B．Nerve searching techniques have developed fast.
C．Ultrasound sensors vary from finger to finger.
D．Motors are much quicker to operate.
4． What do Weinberg and his team expect of the Skywalker hand?
A．It’ll be easy to make. B．It’ll be customer-friendly.
C．It’ll be better than real hands. D．It’ll be controlled by computers.
【答案】D B A B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了温伯格和他的团队研发机器手的工作，简述了原理并展望了前景。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Jason still wanted to play music. So he went to see Gil Weinberg, who makes musical robots. To play the piano, Jason needed five fingers that could move just the way he wanted.(杰森仍然想玩音乐。所以他去见了制作音乐机器人的Gil Weinberg。 为了弹钢琴，杰森需要五根手指，可以按照他想要的方式移动。)”可知，Jason想继续从事音乐，所以求助制作音乐机器人的Gil Weinberg。由此可知，他拜访Gil Weinberg是为了让这个团队给换一个假肢。故选D项。
2． 词义猜测题。根据上文中的“Some prosthetic arms use sensors (传感器) to try to read these nerve signals. But they don’t work very well. Nerves are tiny…(一些假肢使用传感器来尝试读取这些神经信号。但它们的效果不是很好。神经很小……)”可知，传感器是用来读取神经信号的，但是由于神经极小，传导信号效果不佳，才导致工作不顺畅，由此可知，该单词意思是“微弱”。故选B项。
3． 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The computer sees the moving muscles and tells the motors in Jason’s robotic fingers to move the right way.(计算机看到运动的肌肉，并告诉杰森机器人手指中的马达以正确的方式移动。)”可知，电脑能够看到移动的肌肉，然后告知机器人手指中的马达马上移动，结合第二段中的“Sensors might be able to tell that you want to move a finger. But they aren’t very good at telling which finger you want to move.(传感器可能能够分辨出您想要移动手指。但他们不太擅长判断你想移动哪根手指。)”可知，比起神经来肌肉的移动更容易看见，这使得机器手的发明成为可能。故选A项。
4． 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“But they need to get smaller and cheaper before lots of these hands can be made. Weinberg and his team are working on this right now. Soon, they hope that anyone who loses a hand will be able to get a new robotic one with five fingers that they can move just by thinking.(但在制造大量这样的手之前，它们需要变得更小、更便宜。温伯格和他的团队现在正在研究这个问题。很快，他们希望任何失去一只手的人都能得到一只新的机器人手，它有五个手指，他们只需要思考就可以移动)”可知，Weinberg以及他的团队向往假肢更加便宜，更小，而且操作起来更便利，能够有更多失去手臂的人使用。由此可以推断，他们希望产品更加有利于消费者。故选B项。

（湖南省邵阳市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
It is presently harvest(收获)season for Christian Nacht Wey, who operates an apple farm, or orchard, in the western German town of Gelsdorf. Besides apples, Nacht Wey’s farm also produces a second harvest：electricity. Many of the farm’s trees grow under solar panels(太阳能电池板)that have been producing power during this year’s unusually sunny summer. Putting solar equipment on the same land as crops is becoming increasingly popular in Europe and North Ameri-ca. Farmers are finding that this method can make the most of their land, while creating a second way to earn money.
But getting the right mix of crop and solar is difficult. Most fruit requires specific growing conditions. Even small changes in the environment can harm crops and cause money losses. Even if the fruit survives(幸存), it might turn the wrong color or be less sweet and may be difficult to sell.
For these reasons, Nacht Wey is working with researchers to test which kinds of apples do well under a solar cover. For testing purposes, Nacht Wey covered some of his trees with a traditional netting material. It is normally used to Protect sensitive(敏感的)crops from serious weather events.
Juergen Zimmer is an expert with the area’s agricultural services department. He told the AP that apples grown under the solar covers were a little less sweet this year than those under the nets. But almost no solar-shaded apples got damaged(损害)in the strong sunlight that hit the ar-ea on July 24. In the non-shaded group, about 18 percent of apples suffered sun damage that day, Zimmer said. Researchers hope the tests will show that fruit crops perform well under solar panels. This could help prevent renewable energy production from competing for valuable agricultural land. That competition has become an increasing question as the need for renewable energy increases to fight climate change and rising food prices.
1． What does the author try to tell us in paragraph 2?
A．The method of the test. B．The disadvantage of solar panels.
C．The difficulty of growing crops. D．Some reasons for the test in the farm.
2． What are netting materials usually used to do?
A．Test what apples are suitable for a solar cover.
B．Examine why some crops are sensitive to heat.
C．Keep some crops from being damaged by terrible weather.
D．Speed up the growth of apples.
3． What is Juergen Zimmer’s attitude to using the solar covers?
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unclear. D．Uncaring.
4． What is the main idea of the text?
A．German Farmer Grows Fruit under Solar Power Equipment.
B．Researchers Find Out New Way to Produce Renewable Energy.
C．Solar Energy Could Play Big Part in Valuable Agricultural Land.
D．Increasingly Popular Way of Operating Orchard Among German Farmers.
【答案】D C B A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了德国农民在太阳能设备下种植水果。
1． 推理判断题。根据第二段“But getting the right mix of crop and solar is difficult. Most fruit requires specific growing conditions. Even small changes in the environment can harm crops and cause money losses. Even if the fruit survives, it might turn the wrong color or be less sweet and may be difficult to sell.”（但是要把农作物和太阳能正确地结合起来是很困难的。大多数水果都需要特定的生长环境。即使环境的微小变化也会损害作物并造成经济损失。即使水果存活下来，它也可能会变成错误的颜色或不那么甜，可能很难出售。）以及第三段中第一句“For these reasons, Nacht Wey is working with researchers to test which kinds of apples do well under a solar cover.”（出于这些原因，Nacht Wey正在与研究人员合作，测试哪种苹果在太阳能罩下生长得更好。）可推知，作者在第二段想告诉我们在农场进行测试的一些原因。故选D项。
2． 细节理解题。根据第三段中“For testing purposes, Nacht Wey covered some of his trees with a traditional netting material. It is normally used to Protect sensitive(敏感的)crops from serious weather events.”（为了测试目的，Nacht Wey用传统的网状材料覆盖了他的一些树木。它通常用于保护敏感作物免受恶劣天气事件的影响。）可知，网状材料通常用来防止一些农作物被恶劣天气破坏。故选C项。
3． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He told the AP that apples grown under the solar covers were a little less sweet this year than those under the nets. But almost no solar-shaded apples got damaged(损害)in the strong sunlight that hit the ar-ea on July 24. In the non-shaded group, about 18 percent of apples suffered sun damage that day, Zimmer said. Researchers hope the tests will show that fruit crops perform well under solar panels.”（他告诉美联社，今年在太阳能罩下生长的苹果比在网下生长的苹果不那么甜。但在7月24日的强烈阳光照射下，几乎没有苹果受到损害。齐默说，在没有遮阳的那一组中，大约18%的苹果当天受到了阳光的伤害。研究人员希望这些测试将表明水果作物在太阳能电池板下表现良好。）可推知，于尔根·齐默对使用太阳能罩的态度是支持的。故选B项。
4． 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“It is presently harvest season for Christian Nacht Wey, who operates an apple farm, or orchard, in the western German town of Gelsdorf.    Besides apples, Nacht Wey’s farm also produces a second harvest：electricity. Many of the farm’s trees grow under solar panels that have been producing power during this year’s unusually sunny summer.”（对于克里斯蒂安·纳赫特·韦(Christian Nacht Wey)来说，现在是收获的季节，他在德国西部的盖尔斯多夫镇经营着一家苹果农场。除了苹果，Nacht Wey的农场还收获了第二种东西:电力。农场的许多树木都生长在太阳能电池板下，在今年异常晴朗的夏天，太阳能电池板一直在发电。）可知，文章主要讲的是德国农民在太阳能设备下种植水果。故选A项。

（广东省湛江市2022-2023学年高一上学期2月期末英语试题）
I had heard about VR (虚拟现实) being used in the classroom but didn’t think I’d ever try it. I actually got a VR headset (耳机) as a New Year present from my friend and started searching for apps online to see whether it could be useful in my classroom. I soon found a free app through Google Cardboard and knew I had a lesson!
To use VR in the classroom, you need two things: a smartphone that can download the app or video, and a headset. To find the actual videos we’d be watching, I searched through free VR apps like Orbulus, Trench Experience VR and Cardboard. I also found hundreds of videos on YouTube. The key is to find videos made with the 360 cameras. While they don’t give the kids a 3-D experience like the apps, they are still amazingly immersive ( 沉浸式虚拟现实的) when viewed through the headsets.
So far we’ve had three lessons. I first used the headsets with my seventh grade U. S. History class. The Trench app allows students to “walk” through a trench (战壕) during World War I and learn about many of the tools used during that time. My second activity was working with the sixth grade Geography class. They used the headsets strictly as viewers to watch a 360 video taking them through a rocky landscape. My final activity was the most interesting one, according to the reactions (反应) of my eighth grade Civics students. I was able to find a White House 360 tour that was made a few years ago.
For the rest of this year, I plan to continue using apps and 360 videos in my classes. Next year I’m going to write to my boss asking for a 360 video camera so that I can begin to create my own VR field trips for the students.
1． When did the author get the idea of trying VR in her classroom?
A．When she was searching for apps online.
B．After she received a VR headset as a gift.
C．When she was having a conversation with her friend.
D．After she heard about VR being used in the classroom.
2． What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The kids. B．The apps.
C．The videos. D．The headsets.
3． Which VR lesson was the most popular one among students?
A．The Civics lesson. B．The Science lesson.
C．The Geography lesson. D．The U.S. History lesson.
4． What will the author do next year?
A．Buy a 360 video camera.
B．Create 360 videos by herself.
C．Take her students on more field trips.
D．Try new teaching methods in her classes.
【答案】B C A B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者用VR为学生提供沉浸式课堂并受到学生的欢迎的故事。
1． 推理判断题。根据首段第一二句“I had heard about VR (虚拟现实) being used in the classroom but didn’t think I’d ever try it. I actually got a VR headset ( 耳机) as a New Year present from my friend and started searching for apps online to see whether it could be useful in my classroom. (我听说过虚拟现实在课堂上使用，但没想到自己会能尝试。实际上，我从朋友那里得到了一个VR耳机作为新年礼物，我开始在网上搜索应用程序，看看它是否能在我的课堂上有用。)”可知，作者收到了一个VR耳机作为礼物后想到在课堂上尝试虚拟现实的运用。故选B。
2． 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The key is to find videos made with the 360 cameras. While they don’t give the kids a 3-D experience like the apps, they are still amazingly immersive ( 沉浸式虚拟现实的) when viewed through the headsets. (关键是找到360度摄像头拍摄的视频。虽然他们不像应用程序那样给孩子们提供3D体验，但通过耳机观看时，它们仍然具有惊人的沉浸感。)”和指代关系可知，指示代词they指的是前文中360度摄像头拍摄的“videos”。故选C。
3． 细节理解题。根据第三段第六句“My final activity was the most interesting one, according to the reactions (反应) of my eighth grade Civics students. (根据八年级公民学课的学生反应，我的最后一个活动是最有趣的。)”可知，在学生中最受欢迎的VR课堂是公民学课。故选A。
4． 细节理解题。根据末段末句“Next year I’m going to write to my boss asking for a 360 video camera so that I can begin to create my own VR field trips for the students. (明年我打算写信给我的老板，要一台360度摄像机，这样我就可以开始为学生们创作VR参观体验的视频了。)”可知，作者明年要自己制作360度视频。故选B。


艺术杰作


（福建省福州市四县（区）一中2022-2023学年高三上学期期中联考英语科试卷）
Pieter Bruegel’s 1565 realistic painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. “The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are,” Ghent University biologist Ive De Smet says. “Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see wheat is about knee-high, which is a consequence of selective breeding (培育) from the second half of the 20th century.” De Smet says he’s teaming up with art historian David Vergauwen of Amarant to look at things where they can spot differences in shape, in color, and in size. Wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can help track the transformation of food crops over time.
Friends since childhood, they took interest in plants in artwork and began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum in Russia — where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting by Flemish artist Frans Snyders.
“So if you think of a watermelon, you cut it through, it should be dark red on the inside. But that one appeared to be pale and white.” De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But Vergauwen said, “This is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he paints it like that, that’s the way it must have been.” Other paintings showed that both red and white watermelons were raised during the 17th century.
The team hopes to set up an online research database of historical plant artwork. They create a social media hashtag (主题标签) for it. Anyone could send pictures of relevant artwork and details of plants when they visit a museum or exhibit through the hashtag. But, they add, the sources need to be realistic. “If you’re going to use, for example, Picasso to understand how a pear looked, you might be misled.”
1． What can we learn from De Smet’s words in paragraph 1?
A．Humans have mainly fed on wheat since 1565.
B．Wheat has gone through great changes in height.
C．The scene in The Harvesters may be unbelievable.
D．Selective breeding affects agricultural structure.
2． What is Vergauwen’s attitude to the watermelon painted by Frans Snyders?
A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Favorable. D．Curious.
3． Why is the social media hashtag created?
A．To encourage people to focus on art. B．To collect more paintings for their database.
C．To advertise their research database. D．To share some historical plant artwork.
4． What is the text mainly about?
A．Ancient paintings focused on food crops. B．Two men create a database of plant artwork.
C．Plants today are different from their ancestors. D．Old art reveals agricultural information.
【答案】B C B D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以在大都会艺术博物馆展出的一幅1565年的绘画作品“The Harvesters”为例，结合其它艺术作品，说明了可以通过过去的艺术作品了解当时的农业情况。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段“The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are,(这幅作品描述的是农民割几乎和他们一样高的麦子)”和“Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see wheat is about knee-high, which is a consequence of selective breeding from the second half of the 20th century.(如今，如果你走过一块麦田，你基本上会看到小麦大约有膝盖那么高，这是20世纪下半叶选择性育种的结果)”可知，小麦的高度由一人高变成齐膝高，在高度上经历了很大的变化。故选B。
2． 推理判断题。根据第三段“But Vergauwen said, “This is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he paints it like that, that’s the way it must have been.”(但Vergauwen说：“这是那个时代最好的画家之一。所以如果他把它画成那样，那就一定是那样的。”)”可知，Vergauwen认为Frans Snyders画的西瓜是真实的，表示支持。故选C。
3． 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The team hopes to set up an online research database of historical plant artwork. They create a social media hashtag (主题标签) for it.(该团队希望建立一个历史植物艺术品的在线研究数据库，他们为此创建了一个社交媒体标签)”和“ Anyone could send pictures of relevant artwork and details of plants when they visit a museum or exhibit through the hashtag.(任何人在参观博物馆或展览时都可以通过这个标签发送相关艺术作品的图片和植物的细节)”可知，社交媒体标签被创建是为了收集更多的与植物有关的绘画作品，建立一个在线数据库，提供研究资源。故选B。
4． 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can help track the transformation of food crops over time.(小麦只是历史艺术作品如何帮助追踪粮食作物随时间而变化的一个例子)”并结合全文内容可知，本文通过在大都会艺术博物馆展出的一幅1565年的绘画作品“The Harvesters”，看到了小麦的变化，反映了当时的农业情况；并结合其它艺术作品，说明过去的艺术作品可以展现当时的农业情况。故选D。

（贵州省贵阳市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
Last week, trailers(预告片) dropped online the same day for three upcoming Hollywood blockbusters(票房大片) —Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny and Transformers: Rise of the Beasts.
Like other good movie trailers, these trailers are sure to make you excited and curious, and get you talking about them with your friends and family. But how do they do that?
There’s nothing that excites blockbuster audiences more than the promise of action. These trailers are full of it! We see car chases, fights and space battles!
While the trailers show plenty of action, the movies’ stories remain a mystery. But there’s plenty to keep us guessing. Will Indiana Jones travel back in time? Who are these new animal-like transformers and whom must they fight? Will our beloved Rocket Raccoon from Guardians die?
These trailers also dig into nostalgia(怀旧). In the new Indiana Jones movie, we hear the old movies’ iconic(标志性的) music, and Indiana Jones’ looks how he did in the first movie. The Guardians trailer plays a classic nostalgic song, too. Transformers brings in the Beast Transformers from the popular 1990’s animation: Transformers: Beast Wars.
All these things make trailers work and hit us right in the feels. I can’t wait to watch these movies coming out next year.
1． Which of the following was popular in the 1990’s?
A．Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3. B．Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny.
C．Transformers: Rise of the Beasts. D．Transformers: Beast Wars.
2． Which of the following can replace the underlined word “a mystery”?
A．an example B．a secret C．a limitation D．a problem
3． What does the three trailers have in common?
A．They show the movies’ stories. B．They play a classic nostalgic song
C．They bring back audiences’ old memories. D．They show future plans of the movie company.
4． What is the text mainly about?
A．The trailers of the three movies. B．A recall of the three movies.
C．The blockbuster audiences. D．An introduction of the characters.
【答案】D B C A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三部电影的预告片。
1． 细节理解题。根据第五段“Transformers brings in the Beast Transformers from the popular 1990’s animation: Transformers: Beast Wars. (《变形金刚》带来了20世纪90年代流行的动画《变形金刚：超能勇士》中的野兽变形金刚)”可知，《变形金刚：超能勇士》在20世纪90年代很流行。故选D。
2． 词句猜测题。根据划线词后句“But there’s plenty to keep us guessing. (但还有很多事情让我们猜测)”可知，电影的故事情节仍然是个谜。所以a mystery为“迷，秘密”之意。故选B。
3． 细节理解题。根据第五段“These trailers also dig into nostalgia(怀旧). In the new Indiana Jones movie, we hear the old movies’ iconic(标志性的) music, and Indiana Jones’ looks how he did in the first movie. The Guardians trailer plays a classic nostalgic song, too. Transformers brings in the Beast Transformers from the popular 1990’s animation: Transformers: Beast Wars. (这些预告片也深入挖掘了怀旧情怀。在新的印第安纳琼斯电影中，我们听到了老电影的标志性音乐，印第安纳琼斯看起来和他在第一部电影中的表现一样。《银河护卫队》预告片也播放了一首经典的怀旧歌曲。《变形金刚》带来了20世纪90年代流行的动画《变形金刚：超能勇士》中的野兽变形金刚)”可知，这三部预告片共同点是唤起观众的旧记忆。故选C。
4． 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Last week, trailers(预告片) dropped online the same day for three upcoming Hollywood blockbusters(票房大片) —Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3, Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny and Transformers: Rise of the Beasts. (上周，三部即将上映的好莱坞大片——《银河护卫队3》《夺宝奇兵:命运之盘》和《变形金刚：野兽的崛起》的预告片在同一天上线)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了三部电影的预告片。故选A。

（福建省泉州市2022-2023学年高一上学期2月期末英语试题）
In the concert celebrating the Tsinghua University’s 110th anniversary, Fang Jinlong, a master of the traditional Chinese instrument pipa, and three robots from the Tsinghua Moja Robot Band performed several Chinese music pieces. “I’m happy to see our performance can mix science and technology with traditional Chinese culture,” said Fang.
The robot band was founded in 2018. The band name “Moja” is from Mohism, one of many schools of thought before the Qin Dynasty. It is made up of three robot musicians, Yuheng, Yaoguang and Kaiyang, named after three stars. They played three kinds of traditional Chinese instruments: the bamboo flute, Chinese harp and paigu, a set of Chinese drums, at the concert. The team behind the band include students, teachers and graduates from Tsinghua University. They have professional backgrounds such as computing, mechanical engineering and music composition (作曲).
The team’s chief scientist Mi Haipeng is an associate professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Tsinghua. He took part in the research and development of a robot rock band when he studied in Japan. That experience inspired his dream to make a Chinese robot band.
Mi said traditional Chinese instruments’ sound and playing techniques are different from those of Western musical instruments. The focus is more on the artistic conception (概念) and expression of the players. This kind of non-quantitative (非定量的) control brings challenges to Moja robot development. “In our research, we continuously explore how to solve these problems so that the robots can maintain the Chinese traditional characteristics when playing music,” he added.
Mi said the music pieces in the concert were specially made for the robots to play. The robots’ stage clothes were made with 3D-printing technology. He added that there are more performance plans for Moja in the future, introducing new music pieces. The team, meanwhile, would improve the musical expression of the robots.
1． What is the performance like according to Fang Jinlong?
A．Traditional yet creative. B．Fancy and fashionable.
C．Virtual yet accessible. D．Unique and fast-paced.
2． What can we learn about the band?
A．It has a stable performing style. B．Its name came from online language.
C．It successfully mixes high-tech and tradition. D．Its performers play western musical instruments.
3． Where can you find the difficulty of the band’s development?
A．In paragraph 2. B．In paragraph 3.
C．In paragraph 4. D．In paragraph 5.
4． What will the developers do in the future?
A．Create more new robot musicians. B．Get the robots to practise more often.
C．Design new clothes for the robots. D．Improve the robots’ musical performance.
【答案】A C C D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清华大学的机器人乐队。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段的““I’m happy to see our performance can mix science and technology with traditional Chinese culture,” said Fang.(方说：‘我很高兴看到我们的表演能够将科学技术与中国传统文化相结合。’)”可知，Fang Jinlong说这次表演是传统与科技的结合。由此可知，他认为这次表演是传统且富有创造力的。故选A。
2． 细节理解题。根据第一段的““I’m happy to see our performance can mix science and technology with traditional Chinese culture,” said Fang.(方说：‘我很高兴看到我们的表演能够将科学技术与中国传统文化相结合。’)”和第二段的“It is made up of three robot musicians, Yuheng, Yaoguang and Kaiyang, named after three stars. They played three kinds of traditional Chinese instruments: the bamboo flute, Chinese harp and paigu, a set of Chinese drums, at the concert. The team behind the band include students, teachers and graduates from Tsinghua University. (它（乐队）由三位机器人音乐家组成，它们分别是玉衡、摇光和开阳，以三星的名字命名。它们在音乐会上演奏了三种中国传统乐器：竹笛、竖琴和牌鼓。乐队背后的团队包括清华大学的学生、教师和毕业生)”可知，该乐队成功地将高科技与传统结合在一起。故选C。
3． 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Mi said traditional Chinese instruments’ sound and playing techniques are different from those of Western musical instruments. The focus is more on the artistic conception (概念) and expression of the players. This kind of non-quantitative (非定量的) control brings challenges to Moja robot development.(Mi说，中国传统乐器的声音和演奏技巧与西方乐器不同。更注重的是演奏者的意境和表现。这种非定量控制给Moja机器人的发展带来了挑战)”可知，本段陈述了机器人乐队发展面临的困难。故选C。
4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段“He added that there are more performance plans for Moja in the future, introducing new music pieces. The team, meanwhile, would improve the musical expression of the robots.(他补充说，Moja未来还有更多的演出计划，推出新的音乐作品。与此同时，该团队将改进机器人的音乐表达)”推知，研发人员将改进机器人乐队的音乐表演。故选D。

（湖南省长沙市浏阳市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
Blockbuster films to watch in 2022
Belle
Bella received a 14-minite standing ovation(喝彩) when it first appeared at last May’s Cannes Film Festival—and it’s easy to see why. Manmora Hosoda’s impressive anime is a fairy tale romance, a high school soap opera, a superhero action and a science fiction mystery, all rolled into one. Its heroine is a Japanese schoolgirl who is too shy to sing in real life, but becomes a world-famous pop star in a virtual-reality community.
Released on 14 January in the US and Turkey, 20 January in Italy, and 4 February in the UK and Spain
Turning Red
Turning Red is a Pixar cartoon about the pains of growing up as a girl, but it is unique in lots of ways: this is Pixar’s first film to be directed solely by a woman, the first to be set in Canada, and the first with a heroine from an Asian family. The heroine is Meilin—or Mei—(Rosalic Chiang), a hardworking student who transforms into a huge, shaggy red panda whenever she is stressed. Turning Red appears to be drawn from the experiences of its writer, director, Domee Shi. Released internationally on 11 March
The Worst Person in the World
As a bitteresweet romantic comedy drama, this film follows Julie(Renate Reinsve) through her early adulthood in Oslo as she tries to decide which job and which man are right for her. According to viewers it is one of the Best Films in the world. It currently has a score of 100% on Rottten Tomatoes. Barack Obama included it on his list of favourite movies of 2021. Released in the US on 4 February 2022
Avatar 2
The new film returns to the planet of Pandora, where blueskinned Neytiri ( Zoe Saldana) and her human husband Jake( Sam Worthington) arc now parents, and Earthlings still haven’t solved the climate crisis. Most of the action takes place underwater and is shot in a 900,000 gallon tank. The Avatar sequels, Titanic and The Abyss, Cameron’s waterlogged hits, all turned out just fine. Released internationally on 16 December
1． What can readers know about Bella?
A．It was shown at the beginning of 2022.
B．It was set in an English-speaking country.
C．It could be watched all over the world at the same time.
D．Its hero lives a different life between the real world and the VR community.
2． Which film did Barack Obama like best?
A．Turning Red B．Belle
C．The Worst Person in the World D．Avatar 2
3． Which film will attract viewers interested in stories in a water disaster?
A．Belle B．Turning Red
C．The Worst Person in the World D．Avatar 2
【答案】A C D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几部2022年上映的热门电影。
1． 细节理解题。根据Belle中的“Released on 14 January in the US and Turkey, 20 January in Italy, and 4 February in the UK and Spain(该片于1月14日在美国和土耳其上映，1月20日在意大利上映，2月4日在英国和西班牙上映)”可知，Belle于2022年1月14日在美国和土耳其上映，1月20日在意大利上映，2月4日在英国和西班牙上映，由此可知，它是在2022年初上映的。故选A项。
2． 细节理解题。根据The Worst Person in the World中的“Barack Obama included it on his list of favourite movies of 2021.(巴拉克·奥巴马把它列入了他2021年最喜欢的电影名单。)”可知，奥巴马最喜欢The Worst Person in the World。故选C项。
3． 细节理解题。根据Avatar 2中的“The new film returns to the planet of Pandora, where blueskinned Neytiri ( Zoe Saldana) and her human husband Jake( Sam Worthington) arc now parents, and Earthlings still haven’t solved the climate crisis. Most of the action takes place underwater and is shot in a 900,000 gallon tank.(这部新电影回到了潘多拉星球，蓝皮肤的奈提莉（佐伊·索尔达娜饰）和她的人类丈夫杰克（萨姆·沃辛顿饰）现在已经为人父母，而地球人仍然没有解决气候危机。大部分的动作都是在水下进行的，并且是在一个900000加仑的水箱中拍摄的。)”可知，对水灾感兴趣的人可以去看阿凡达2，因为这部电影中，地球的气候危机仍然没有解决，而且电影大部分动作都是在水下进行的。故选D项。

（甘肃省定西市2022-2023学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题）
The National Gallery
Description:
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from the 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.
Layout (布局):
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses the 13th-to 15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.
The main West Wing houses the 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese.
The North Wing houses the 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.
The East Wing houses the 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.
Opening Hours:
The gallery is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm (Fridays 10 am to 9 pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.
Getting There:
Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).
1． Which subway station is the farthest from the National Gallery?
A．Charing Cross. B．Piccadilly Circus.
C．Leicester Square. D．Embankment.
2． Where are Van Gogh’s works shown?
A．In the East Wing. B．In the main West Wing.
C．In the Sainsbury Wing. D．In the North Wing.
3． What can we learn about the gallery?
A．It is open for eight hours every day except Saturday and Sunday.
B．You should pay to enter it and charges apply to all of the exhibitions.
C．It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of art worldwide.
D．You can have access to the more modern collections by a ground floor entrance.
【答案】B A D
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍英国国家美术馆的相关情况。
1． 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minutewalk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadily Circus (8-minute walk). (最近的地铁站：查令十字（步行2分钟）、莱斯特广场（步行3分钟）、堤岸（步行7分钟）和皮卡迪利广场（步行8分钟）。)”可知，最远的地铁站是皮卡迪利广场（步行8分钟）。故选B。
2． 细节理解题。根据Layout(布局)部分第四段“The East Wing houses the 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh. (东翼收藏了18世纪至20世纪初的画作，艺术家包括卡纳莱托、戈雅、特纳、康斯特布尔、雷诺阿和梵高。)”可知，梵高的作品在东翼。故选A。
3． 推理判断题。根据第一段“The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance. (画廊的旧藏品可以通过主入口到达，而东翼更现代的作品最容易通过一楼的入口从特拉法加广场到达。)”可知，可以通过一楼的入口进入更现代的收藏品区。故选D。
（Unit5 Listeningand Speaking期末复习通关练-2021-2022学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第二册）
Country singer Gary Allan has been making records since the mid-1990s. But his album, Set You Free, is his first to hit number one on Billboard’s top two hundred albums chart (排行榜).
The song Every Storm (Runs Out of Rain) is the lead single (单曲) from Gary Allan’s new copies and is number one on Billboard’s country music chart. It has risen faster than any other single in the California native’s career. Gary Allan says Every Storm is about hope, the common idea throughout the new album.
“You can expect a lot of songs about life. It’s going to roll you through a breakup and it’s going to roll you through the anger and the pain and make you as good as new. So what I think you can expect is something a little bit different musically out of this.”
Gary Allan says his favourite song on Set You Free is One More Time. He says he wrote it after his father died.
The country singer is supporting the album with concerts around the United States for most of the rest of the year. He says the shows are full of energy.
“We play hard and they have a very strong impact on the audience. I think that’s why people love to come and see us. We’re giving it everything that we have every night.”
Set You Free is Allan’s 9th album. In an interview with Broadway’s Electric Barnyard, Allan spoke about co-writing with women for the new album. It was the first time in his career he had done so, and he described it as an interesting experience.
1． What’s the topic of the passage?
A．Gary Allan’s new album Set You Free. B．The life of American singer Gary Allan.
C．The development of American country music. D．A young musician’s hard struggle for success.
2． Gary Allan likes One More Time most probably because ________ .
A．it’s different musically from his other songs B．it helped him find courage after failure
C．it was written in honour of his father D．it has sold more copies than any other single
3． What can we learn about Gary from the passage?
A．He lived an unhappy life in his childhood. B．He was born in the state of California.
C．He began music career in the late 1990s. D．His concerts are mostly made up of light music.
4． The album Set You Free marked the first time ________.
A．Gary had made a record in his music career
B．Gary had a word with Broadway’s Electric Barnyard
C．Gary’s albums had appeared on Billboard’s music chart
D．Gary had worked together with women in writing songs
【答案】A C B D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了乡村歌手Gary Allan第一张登上Billboard排行榜榜首的专辑，并介绍了里面的几首歌曲。
1． 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But his album, Set You Free, is his first to hit number one on Billboard’s top two hundred albums chart (排行榜). (但是Set You Free是他第一张登上Billboard百强专辑榜首的专辑。)”和最后一段“Set You Free is Allan’s 9th album. (Set You Free是Allan的第九张专辑。)”可知，本文主要介绍Gary Allan的专辑Set You Free，故选A。
2． 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Gary Allan says his favourite song on Set You Free is One More Time. He says he wrote it after his father died. (Gary Allan说他最喜欢的歌就是One More Time。在他父亲去世后，他写下了这首歌。)”可知，他在父亲去世后写下的歌是他最喜欢的。由此推知，他写这首歌是为了纪念他的父亲，故选C。
3． 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It has risen faster than any other single in the California native’s career. (在这位加州本地人的职业生涯里，它的传播速度比任何其他单曲都快。)”可知，他是加州本地人，因此他出生在加利福利亚，故选B。
4． 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Set You Free is Allan’s 9th album. In an interview with Broadway’s Electric Barnyard, Allan spoke about co-writing with women for the new album. It was the first time in his career he had done so, and he described it as an interesting experience. (Set You Free是Allan的第九张专辑，在一次采访中，提到了这张新专辑是与一位女士合作的。这是他生涯中第一次这么做，他认为这是一次有趣的体验。)”可知，Set You Free这张专辑是他第一次和女性合作，故选D。

（甘肃省武威市天祝藏族自治县第一中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
Welcome to the Painting Competition for Woodlands Students
The International Anti-Drug Day this year is coming soon. In order to raise teenagers’ awareness to fight against drug taking, the City Art Council is going to hold a painting competition for the students in our city. Students who want to take part in the competition can hand in their own 2D paintings in either of the following two ways:
★Each school will be provided with a box for students to put in their paintings. Boxes will be picked up by the City Art Council on Thursday, June 23rd, 2022, before the end of the school day.
★Paintings can be also handed in on Friday, June 24th, from 8:00 am to 10:00 am at the Woodlands Art Hall (175 Riverside Street). All paintings are required to be 60 cm wide by 80 cm long or smaller. Larger sizes will not be accepted. Each student can only hand in one painting.
The final decision on the competition results will be made on June 26th, the Anti-Drug Day. The name list of the winners will be made known on the website of the City Art Council on the same day. All winning paintings will be shown to the public at the City Youth Park from June 27th till the end of July. Prizes:
1st Prize (10 students) = $300 Gift Card each
2nd Prize (20 students) = $200 Gift Card each
3rd Prize (30 students) = $100 Gift Card each
For further information:
Visit http://www. Woodlands Art Council. org or call 2569-8632.
1． The main purpose of this competition is ________.
A．to teach the teenagers some painting skills
B．to tell the teenagers to walk away from drugs
C．to provide the teenager with some art knowledge
D．To introduce the history of the Anti-Drug Day to the teenagers
2． Which size of the paintings will NOT be accepted?
A．40 cm wide by 60 cm long B．50 cm wide by 70 cm long
C．60 cm wide by 80 cm long D．80 cm wide by 100 cm long
3． Where can the public enjoy the winning paintings?
A．At the City Youth Park. B．At the City Art Council.
C．At 175 Riverside Street. D．At the Woodlands Art Hall.
4． Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Students must put their paintings in the school box on June 24th.
B．Students can get more information about the competition in two ways.
C．Each student can take part in the competition with one 3D painting.
D．Each of the second prize winners in the competition will get 300 dollars.
【答案】B D A B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一场绘画比赛的情况，包括比赛目的、要求和奖项。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In order to raise teenagers’ awareness to fight against drug taking, the City Art Council is going to hold a painting competition for the students in our city.(为了提高青少年的禁毒意识，市艺术委员会将在我市举办一场学生绘画比赛)”可知，这个比赛的主要目的是告诉青少年远离毒品。故选B。
2． 细节理解题。根据第三段中“All paintings are required to be 60 cm wide by 80 cm long or smaller.(所有的画作都必须是60厘米宽，80厘米长或更小)”可知，80厘米宽，100厘米长的画不被接受。故选D。
3． 细节理解题。根据第四段中“All winning paintings will be shown to the public at the City Youth Park from June 27th till the end of July.(所有获奖作品将于6月27日至7月底在城市青年公园向公众展示)”可知，公众在城市青年公园可以欣赏到获奖作品。故选A。
4． 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Visit http://www. Woodlands Art Council. org or call 2569-8632.(访问http://www. Woodlands Art Council. org或致电2569-8632)”可知，B选项“学生可以通过两种方式获得更多关于比赛的信息”正确。故选B。

（陕西省榆林市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末检测英语试题）
Kairo McLean was waiting for his mom to pick him up from school. She arrived with the car windows down, playing Kairo’s song Easy Now as loud as the sound could go. That was when she informed him that he was nominated(提名)for the Juno Awards, one of Canada’s most influential music awards, for Reggae Recording of the Year. At age 13, Kairo was the youngest artist ever nominated for Reggae Recording of the Year at the JUNOS. His Juno-nominated single Easy Now appears on his first-ever album(歌曲专辑)of the same title.
“I’m so glad that reggae music, which is originally from Jamaica(牙买加), is being recognized and appreciated here in Canada,” Kairo said in an interview. “It’s really exciting that all my efforts have been recognized in spite of my young age, and it encouraged me to keep struggling hard to realize my musical dream,” he said.
“Kairo would try to play the keyboard before he was tall enough to reach it. He wanted to learn how to play the guitar before it could even fit on his lap,” Kairo’s mom recalled. “Listening to music from reggae music artists like Cocoa Tea, Yellowman and Bob Marley is a normal thing in our household. Apart from that, he really put many efforts in his interest,” she added.
As a Canadian reggae artist outside of Jamaica, Kairo feels that music should spread a message about love and peace, not things like violence and hate. Kairo’s music is about bright light in the world, though we might be always caught in the darkness such as bullies(仗势欺人者)at school or crime in the society. “I bring up the injustices that I see in the world and I talk about them because they need to be spoken about and they need to be heard,” said Kairo.
1． What was Kairo McLean told in the first paragraph?
A．His last album came out. B．He was likely to win a musical award.
C．He was invited to receive Juno Awards. D．His music was finally recognized in Jamaica.
2． How did Kairo McLean feel when he heard the news?
A．Calm. B．Nervous. C．Encouraged. D．Frightened.
3． What do we know about Kairo McLean from his mother’s words?
A．His gift mattered more than his efforts. B．He showed his love for music as a child.
C．He could play various musical instruments. D．His family didn’t support his musical dream.
4． Which of the following is Kairo’s music mainly about?
A．Spreading positive messages. B．Focusing on school bullies.
C．Introducing Jamaican cultures. D．Describing his own life stories.
【答案】B C B A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍Kairo McLean获得朱诺奖的年度雷鬼唱片奖的提名。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段“That was when she informed him that he was nominated (提名)for the Juno Awards, one of Canada’s most influential music awards, for Reggae Recording of the Year.(就在那时，她告诉他，他被提名为朱诺奖，加拿大最具影响力的音乐奖项之一，年度雷鬼唱片。)”可知，他的妈妈去学校接他时，告诉他获得了朱诺奖的年度雷鬼唱片奖的提名，即：获得了一个重要的音乐奖项。故选B。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s really exciting that all my efforts have been recognized in spite of my young age, and it motivates me to keep struggling hard to realize my musical dream(虽然年纪还小，但所有的努力都得到了认可，这让我很兴奋，也激励着我继续努力，去实现我的音乐梦想。)”可知，Kairo对自己的努力获得了认可而感到开心，这种认可也激励Kairo继续努力去实现他的音乐梦想。由此可知，听到这个消息时，Kairo备受鼓舞。故选C。
3． 推理判断题。根据第三段“Kairo would try to play the keyboard before he was tall enough to reach it.( Kairo会在他够得着键盘之前试着弹奏键盘。)”以及“He wanted to learn how to play the guitar before it could even fit on his lap,(他想在能够抱住吉他之前就学会弹吉他，)”可知，Kairo在他的身高还没有达到键盘一样高的时候，就会试着去弹；在吉他还没能放在他腿上的时候（还抱不住吉他的时候），他就在学习如何弹奏吉他。由此可推断，他从小就对音乐感兴趣。故选B。
4． 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Kairo’s music is about bright light in the world, though we might be always caught in the darkness such as bullies(仗势欺人者)at school or crime in the society. (Kairo的音乐是关于世界的光明，尽管我们可能总是被困在黑暗中，比如学校里的欺凌或社会上的犯罪。)”可知，Kairo的音乐是关于世界上光明的一面。由此可知，他的音乐传递着积极乐观的信息。故选A。

（天津市武清区2022-2023英语高一上学期期末英语试卷）
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr. Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score(总谱) so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“It’s a demanding job. A lot of skills are needed for it. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr. Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand.” Mr. Titterton said. “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner.” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
1． What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?
A．Read music. B．Play the piano. C．Sing songs. D．Fix the instruments.
2． The underlined word “demanding” in paragraph 3 probably means ______.
A．boring B．tiring C．challenging D．creative
3． What does Titterton need to practise?
A．Counting the pages. B．Recognizing the “nodding”.
C．Catching falling objects. D．Performing in his own style.
4． Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worst page turner”?
A．He has very poor eyesight. B．He ignores the audience.
C．He has no interest in music. D．He forgets to do his job.
5． What does Ms Raspopova think of Titterton’s work?
A．Satisfied. B．Disappointed. C．Doubtful. D．Hateful.
【答案】A C B D A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的Robert Titterton和他的工作情况。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.(我不是一个受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了读谱，所以我可以帮助Maria表演)”可知，要成为一个翻页人，Titterton要会读谱。故选A。
2． 词义猜测题。根据画线词后“A lot of skills are needed for it. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.(这需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页，当你必须回到正确的位置时，你必须确保你找到了音乐中的重复部分)”可知，翻页人的工作要求很高。由此推知，demanding意为“有挑战性的”。故选C。
3． 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of ‘nodding’ to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.(舞台上无声的交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的‘点头’方式来表示翻页，他们需要与翻页师练习)”可知，Titterton需要练习识别钢琴演奏者的“点头”示意来翻页。故选B。
4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’(他对音乐感兴趣，感受每个音符，我必须说：‘翻页，翻页’)”可知，Raspopova女士的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘记翻页，她不得不去提醒，所以Raspopova女士说他是“最糟糕的翻页人”。故选D。
5． 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.(Robert是我一生中遇到的最好的翻页人)”可知，Raspopova女士对Titterton的工作很满意。故选A。

（湖北省孝感市2022-2023学年高一上学期1月期末考试英语试题）
I’d never heard of the yangqin — an 17th century Chinese stringed instrument(弦乐器) — until this past Sunday, when I had the pleasure of hearing Eastman graduate and music artist Wenzhuo Zhang 20E(MA) perform on it in a concert.
Wenzhuo, a Chinese native, began her training on the yangqin at age five. When she was only 13, Wenzhuo was awarded a scholarship to the Arts School of Hebei Province. After graduation. she placed first in the nationwide competition and was admitted into the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing, where she was awarded her bachelor’s in yangqin performance in 2005. She received her doctor’s degree from Boston University in music education in 2015 and studied at Eastman from 2017 to 2019. Wenzhuo has performed many times and won countless awards for her performances.
Before Wenzhuo performed five pieces on her yangqin, she introduced a brief historical background, and discussed its continued usage up to the present day. The yangqin was first used in Chinese folk music performance and operas. Later, under Mao Zedong, the yangqin slowly became a little popular. Performances began to be supported by the state, and yangqin performers were given a path to higher levels.
Wenzhuo performed four pieces going back to centuries ago, and one piece from the modern time. Needless to say, Wenzhuo’s performances sounded splendid. The yangqin is a unique and beautiful traditional instrument, and its sound is wonderful. It was nice to learn about the yangqin and a joy to watch Wenzhuo perform on it.
1． What do we know about the instrument?
A．It is very expensive. B．It is familiar to the public.
C．It is very easy for people to learn. D．It is a Chinese traditional instrument.
2． What can we learn about the music artist Wenzhuo Zhang?
A．She could perform on her yangqin at age 5.
B．She took first prize in national competition.
C．She got her doctor’s degree in yangqin performance in 2015.
D．She was admitted to the Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing at age 13.
3． How many pieces did Wenzhuo Zhang perform in the concert?
A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6.
4． What did the author think of her performing on her yangqin in the concert?
A．Just so so. B．Annoying. C．Successful. D．Disappointing.
【答案】D B C C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章从作者观看的一场表演引出要介绍的乐器——扬琴，并通过一位音乐艺术家的学习经历和表演来讲述扬琴的发展历程及作者的观感。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段“I’d never heard of the yangqin — an 17th century Chinese stringed instrument (弦乐器) (我从未听说过扬琴——一种17世纪的中国弦乐器)”及第三段中“The yangqin was first used in Chinese folk music performance and operas.(扬琴最早用于中国民间音乐表演和戏曲)”可知，扬琴是中国的传统乐器。故选D。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二段中“After graduation. she placed first in the nationwide competition and was admitted into the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing(毕业后，她在全国比赛中获得一等奖，并被北京的中国戏剧艺术学院录取)”可知，Wenzhuo Zhang毕业后在全国比赛中获得过一等奖。故选B。
3． 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Before Wenzhuo performed five pieces on her yangqin, she introduced a brief historical background, and discussed its continued usage up to the present day.(Wenzhuo用扬琴演奏五首曲子之前，她简要介绍了扬琴起源的历史背景，并讨论了扬琴至今的使用情况)”可知，她用扬琴演奏了五首曲子。故选C。
4． 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Needless to say, Wenzhuo’s performances sounded splendid. The yangqin is a unique and beautiful traditional instrument, and its sound is wonderful. It was nice to learn about the yangqin and a joy to watch Wenzhuo perform on it.(不用说，Wenzhuo的表演听起来很精彩。扬琴是一种独特而美丽的传统乐器，它的声音是美妙的。了解扬琴是件好事，看Wenzhuo演奏扬琴也是件乐事)”可知，Wenzhuo的能力强，扬琴的表演听起来很精彩，所以作者认为Wenzhuo在音乐会中用扬琴演奏得很成功。故选C。


冒险精神


（湖北省荆州市八县市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末联考英语试题）
4 Best Hikes in the UK by Train
The following four best hikes in the UK by train are recommended to try.
Name of hike: Golden Cap on the Southwest Coast Path
The nearest train station: Axminster
The Golden Cap Estate is famous for being the tallest point of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. Following the Southwest Coast Path for about 7. 5km will take you along Charmouth Beach which is famous for the many fossils (化石) found there.
Name of hike: Aber Falls in the Snowdonia National Park
The nearest train station: Bangor
Aber Falls is an impressive 40m tall waterfall in the Snowdonia National Park. Following the 4km path through Aber Nature Reserve to reach the waterfall you will pass ancient woodlands. Additionally, you’ll be able to find a few smaller waterfalls on route.
Name of hike: Conic Hill in the Loch Lomond
The nearest train station: Balloch
The Conic Hill is one of the final parts on the West Highland Way route. After going through ancient woodlands, you’ll reach the impressive view of Loch Lomond and its many islands. Covering about 5. 5km, the path begins and ends in the small village of Balmaha.
Name of hike: Loch an Eilein in the Cairngorms National Park
The nearest train station: Aviemore
This 7.2 km walk passes Loch an Eilein and cuts through the endless ancient forest. The Loch is home to a small island and the beautiful Loch an Eilein Castle (城堡) which dates back to the 13th century. While walking, you can enjoy the sound of birdsong all around you.
1． Which place will you choose if you like natural heritage?
A．Aber Falls. B．Golden Cap.
C．Conic Hill loop. . D．Loch an Eilein loop.
2． Which station should you choose if visiting Aber Nature Reserve?
A．Axminster. B．Bangor.
C．Balloch. D．Aviemore.
3． What do Conic Hill and Loch an Eilein have in common?
A．Ancient forest. B．Several islands.
C．Famous castles. D．Beautiful birds.
【答案】B B A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了在英国乘火车旅行时四处最佳的远足。
1． 细节理解题。根据“Name of hike: Golden Cap on the Southwest Coast Path (徒步旅行名称：西南海岸小路上的金帽)”部分中的“The Golden Cap Estate is famous for being the tallest point of the Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site. (金帽庄园以其侏罗纪海岸世界遗产的最高点而闻名)”可知，在Golden Cap可以欣赏自然遗址。故选B。
2． 细节理解题。根据“Name of hike: Aber Falls in the Snowdonia National Park (徒步旅行名称:斯诺登尼亚国家公园的阿贝尔瀑布)”部分中的“The nearest train station: Bangor (最近的火车站：班戈)”与“Following the 4km path through Aber Nature Reserve to reach the waterfall you will pass ancient woodlands. (沿着4公里的小径穿过阿贝尔自然保护区到达瀑布，你将经过古老的林地)”可知，如果去参观Aber Nature Reserve，你应该选择Bangor。故选B。
3． 细节理解题。根据“Name of hike: Conic Hill in the Loch Lomond (徒步旅行地点：洛蒙德湖的科尼克山)”部分中的“ After going through ancient woodlands, you’ll reach the impressive view of Loch Lomond and its many islands. (穿过古老的林地后，你将看到令人印象深刻的洛蒙德湖和它的许多岛屿)”和“Name of hike: Loch an Eilein in the Cairngorms National Park (徒步旅行名称：凯恩戈姆国家公园的艾莱因湖)”中的“This 7.2 km walk passes Loch an Eilein and cuts through the endless ancient forest. (这段7.2公里的步行路程经过艾莱因湖，穿过一望无际的古老森林)”可知，Conic Hill和Loch an Eilein都有古老的森林。故选A。

（辽宁省实验中学、鞍山一中等五校2021-2022学年高一下学期期末联考英语试题）
At just 19 years old, Zara Rutherford has broken two Guinness World Records. She became the youngest female to fly solo around the world and also the first woman to circumnavigate (环游) the world in a microlight.
The Belgian-British teenager landed at an airport in Belgium on Jan 20 after completing a journey covering 52, 000 kilometers, crossing 41 countries and five continents, CNN reported.
“It’s just really crazy. I haven’t quite processed it,” she told reporters on the spot after landing.
With both her parents being pilots, Rutherford started learning to fly at 14 and got her first license in 2020. The young pilot has always dreamed of flying around the world alone. So she decided to take a gap year before going to university to make this a reality.
Rutherford sold her car to help pay for the trip and also sought out sponsors. They included her former school St Swithun’s School in the UK and more importantly Shark Aero, a manufacturer who provided her with a two-seat aircraft.
When everything was prepared, Rutherford departed in August 2021 and was supposed to finish the trip in three months. But it was prolonged into nearly half a year due to bad weather.
The most difficult part of the journey was flying over Siberia in Russia. “It was -20℃ in the air … If the engine were to fail, I don’t know how long I could have survived,” Rutherford said during a press conference. She had also encountered storms, wildfires, typhoons, flat tires and broken plane parts.
With this flight around the globe, Rutherford hopes to encourage more young girls and women to consider a career in aviation(航空业) . “If you don’t try and see how high you can fly, then you’ll never know,” Rutherford told CNN.
“We are proud of what she has shown throughout,” Jane Gandee, headteacher at St Swithun’s School, told the BBC． “Fifty of our own students have been inspired by Zara to have a go at flying, and I am sure that her example will serve as inspiration for many more young women around the world.”
1． What do we know about Rutherford’s voyage?
A．It was completed as scheduled. B．It was supported by three charities.
C．She finished flight in about six months. D．She bought a two-seat aircraft.
2． What was the most difficult part of her journey?
A．Encountering typhoons. B．Escaping from wildfires.
C．Dealing with visa issues. D．Flying over Siberia.
3． Which of the following best describes Rutherford?
A．Brave and creative. B．Humorous and confident.
C．Tough and inspiring. D．Smart and cautious.
4． Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text?
A．Teenager Circumnavigating the World B．Youngest Female Flying solo
C．Flying New Heights D．Breaking World Records
【答案】C D C C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述打破两项吉尼斯世界纪录的Zara Rutherford成为了最年轻的独自环球飞行的女性，她希望通过这次飞行鼓励更多年轻女孩和女性考虑从事航空事业。
1． 细节理解题。根据第六段“When everything was prepared, Rutherford departed in August 2021 and was supposed to finish the trip in three months. But it was prolonged into nearly half a year due to bad weather.(当一切准备就绪后，Rutherford于2021年8月出发，并计划在3个月内完成这次旅行。但由于恶劣的天气，它延长了近半年)”可知，Rutherford在大约6个月里完成了飞行。故选C项。
2． 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段首句“The most difficult part of the journey was flying over Siberia in Russia.(旅途中最困难的部分是飞越俄罗斯的西伯利亚)”可知，旅途最艰难的部分是飞越西伯利亚。故选D项。
3． 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“It was -20℃ in the air … If the engine were to fail, I don’t know how long I could have survived(当时的空气温度是零下20℃，如果引擎出了故障，我不知道我还能活多久)”和“She had also encountered storms, wildfires, typhoons, flat tires and broken plane parts.(她还遭遇了风暴、野火、台风、轮胎漏气和飞机部件损坏)”以及最后一段中“Fifty of our own students have been inspired by Zara to have a go at flying, and I am sure that her example will serve as inspiration for many more young women around the world.(我们的50名学生受到Zara的鼓舞，尝试飞行，我相信她的榜样将激励世界各地更多的年轻女性)”可知，Rutherford很坚强且鼓舞人心。故选C项。
4． 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合第一段“At just 19 years old, Zara Rutherford has broken two Guinness World Records. She became the youngest female to fly solo around the world and also the first woman to circumnavigate the world in a microlight.(年仅19岁的Zara Rutherford已经打破了两项吉尼斯世界纪录。她成为了最年轻的独自环球飞行的女性，也是第一个在微光灯下环球飞行的女性。)”可知，本文主要讲述19岁的Zara Rutherford成为了最年轻的独自环球飞行的女性，她希望通过这次飞行鼓励更多年轻女孩和女性考虑从事航空事业。C项“飞出新高度”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。

（天津市和平区部分校2021-2022学年高一下学期期末练习英语试题）
A good hiking trip should be planned out ahead of time. Whether it is a hike on a mountain trail (路线) or through the woods, an enjoyable hiking trip can easily turn into a dangerous situation if safety is not considered well. North Mountain State park recommends hikers consider the following tips before hitting any trails:
Make a copy of your itinerary and give it to a family member or a friend.
Make sure that someone close to you knows where you are and how long you will be gone.
Wear a good pair of hiking boots or strong athletic shoes.
The right shoes will keep you safe, warm, and comfortable.
Prepare for various types of weather conditions.
Check the forecast (天气预报) before you leave; take along sunglasses and extra clothing (e.g, a hat and 1 or a jacket for a day hike).
Pack plenty of food and water.
Consider how long your hike will be and pack accordingly.
Pack basic and necessary supplies.
Bring a first-aid kit (急救箱), a flashlight, a pocket knife, a map of the area (if available), and a compass (指南针). You may need other supplies, such as matches, depending on how long your hike will be.
Determine what time the sun sets.
This information is available in most local newspapers. Most people become lost after nightfall, so it is important to know this information.
Stay on properly marked trails.
Stay on established trails to reduce the chances of becoming lost. Staying on established trails also lowers the risk of doing harm to endangered plants.
Carry a whistle.
Using a loud whistle is a good way to call attention to your location if you get lost.
Keep an eye out for wildlife.
Do not approach animals in the wild, even if they seem friendly.
The Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission (WSPRC) manages a diverse (多样的) system of more than 120 parks. The 90-year-old park system, which receives nearly 48 million visits a year, ranks 4thnationally in day-use attendance, 10thin overnight attendance, and the WSPRC bas a smaller budget than most states.
1． What does the underlined word “itinerary” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．A phone book. B．A travel plan. C．A goal. D．An address.
2． What might happen to the hikers if they ignore what time the sun sets?
A．They might lose their way.
B．They might need extra clothing.
C．They might be attacked by wild animals.
D．They might have difficulty finding supplies.
3． What can we learn about WSPRC from the last paragraph?
A．It’s only accessible during summer months.
B．It provides trails and wildlife protection.
C．It provides search and rescue services.
D．It’s operated very well.
4． What is the purpose of the text?
A．To attract people’s interest in the park.
B．To introduce the hiking routes.
C．To give tips on staying safe when hiking.
D．To tell people the new rules of a park.
【答案】B A D C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些技巧帮助喜欢远足的人能够安全地进行远足活动。
1． 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Make sure that someone close to you knows where you are and how long you will be gone.(确保你身边的人知道你在哪里，你会离开多久。)”可知，去远足要让你亲近的人知道你的计划安排，比如你在哪和你要去多久。故“itinerary”在此处意为“旅行计划”。故选B项。
2． 细节理解题。根据第七段的“This information is available in most local newspapers. Most people become lost after nightfall, so it is important to know this information.(这一信息在大多数当地报纸上都可以找到。大多数人在夜幕降临后会迷路，所以了解这些信息很重要。)”可知，如果不知道太阳落山的时间，那么很可能会迷路。故选A项。
3． 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The 90-year-old park system, which receives nearly 48 million visits a year, ranks 4thnationally in day-use attendance, 10thin overnight attendance, and the WSPRC bas a smaller budget than most states.(拥有90年历史的公园系统每年接待近4800万游客，在全国日间游客人数中排名第四，夜间游客人数排名第十，而WSPRC的预算比大多数州都要少。)”可知，WSPRC的预算较少，但很受游客欢迎。因此，它运营得很好。故选D项。
4． 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Whether it is a hike on a mountain trail (路线) or through the woods, an enjoyable hiking trip can easily turn into a dangerous situation if safety is not considered well. North Mountain State park recommends hikers consider the following tips before hitting any trails(无论是在山路上还是在树林中徒步旅行，如果没有考虑好安全问题，愉快的徒步旅行很容易变成危险的情况。北山州立公园建议徒步旅行者在踏上任何小径之前考虑以下建议)”可知，本文主要为了介绍一些关于安全远足的技巧。故选C项。

（2022届上海市复旦大学附属中学高三下学期6月测验英语试卷）
In 2004, Pen Hadow became the first person to trek (跋涉) to the North Pole alone, without being resupplied on the way. That meant swimming through unimaginably cold waters, and risking encounters with polar bears. Just eight months later, he made a similar trip to the South Pole. Now he is back in the Arctic again, preparing for an expedition (远征) he says is even more ambitious. Explorers are confident, driven individuals. They have to be. This time, however, more significance is attached. Pen and two colleagues will set out on a three-month, 1000-kilometre trek to the North Pole, taking detailed measurements of the thickness and density of the ice. Nobody has ever done this before, and he knows the results will be of vital significance to the scientific community. This will be the truest picture yet of what global warming is doing to the ice that covers the polar region.
Pen and his wife, Mary, live in the country with their two children. “It’s much harder to be away from them this time,” he admits. They were one and five when I last went, and I made a mistake in the way I said goodbye. I thought it would be a good idea to say to my son, “You’re the man of the house now, look after your mum and your sister.” He absolutely took it to heart, asking his mum how she was all the time, but the stress eventually became too much. While it was well intentioned, it was an unfair thing to do.
He is spending these last days before departure preparing his things. “Out on the ice, one is virtually unable to mend things or do anything that isn’t absolutely straightforward,” he says. With him will be Ann Daniels, one of the world’s leading polar explorers, and the photographer, Martin Hartley. They will be supported by a crew of six, flying in supplies. Being part of a team is actually more stressful to someone with his mentality, says Pen, and something else is on his mind too. “I’m going to be 47 on Thursday. I’ve done far less training than I’m comfortable with.” Why? “Organisational things always seem more urgent. So I’m almost fearful of what I’m going to ask of myself.”
Pen believes his mission reconnects exploration with the search for knowledge that drove previous generations into the unknown. “Making it to the North Pole was a personal ambition,” he admits, “and of limited value to anyone beyond the polar adventuring community. This time, scientists will profit from the data, and we’re creating a platform in which to engage as many people as possible in what’s happening in the Arctic Ocean. This is important work, and nobody can do it but us,” he says. “Our skills, which are otherwise not that necessary, have become really relevant. Suddenly, we’re socially useful again.”
1． In the first paragraph, what do we learn about Pen Hadow’s opinion of the new expedition?
A．He feels certain that it will be stressful.
B．He is aware of the huge importance of its aims.
C．He thinks it may be harder than his previous journeys.
D．He is less than confident of the scientific work it involves.
2． What does “took it to heart” (in paragraph 2) mean?
A．He started to feel unwell. B．He memorised his father’s words.
C．He was afraid of the responsibility. D．He carried out his father’s words carefully.
3． What is worrying Pen about the new expedition?
A．Whether he will be mentally prepared
B．Whether he will still be fit enough to take part.
C．Whether the arrangements he has made will turn out well.
D．Whether the equipment will work properly in icy conditions.
4． When he compares the new expedition to his previous ones, Pen feels ________.
A．uncertain if it will collect information.
B．doubtful about its long-term usefulness
C．pleased that more people will benefit from it
D．relieved that the general public will be more supportive
【答案】B D B C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Pen Hadow即将进行的北极探险，这次探险极具意义，因为他将把探险与探索知识联系起来。
1． 推理判断题。根据第一段“This time, however, more significance is attached. Pen and two colleagues will set out on a three-month, 1000-kilometre trek to the North Pole, taking detailed measurements of the thickness and density of the ice. Nobody has ever done this before, and he knows the results will be of vital significance to the scientific community. (然而，这一次的意义更为重大。Pen Hadow和两名同事将开始为期三个月、1000公里的北极跋涉，对冰层的厚度和密度进行详细的测量。以前从来没有人这样做过，他知道这些结果将对科学界具有至关重要的意义。)”可推断，他深知这次探险意义更为重大。故选B。
2． 词句猜测题。根据上文“I thought it would be a good idea to say to my son, “You’re the man of the house now, look after your mum and your sister.”(我认为对我儿子说:“你现在是家里的男人了，照顾你的妈妈和妹妹。”是个好主意)”可知，Pen Hadow让儿子照顾自己的妈妈和妹妹。再根据下文“asking his mum how she was all the time(一直问他妈妈感觉怎样)”可知，他的儿子认真地执行父亲的话。所以took it to heart为“他认真地执行他父亲的话。”之意。故选D。
3． 推理判断题。根据第三段第五句开始“Being part of a team is actually more stressful to someone with his mentality, says Pen, and something else is on his mind too. ‘I’m going to be 47 on Thursday. I’ve done far less training than I’m comfortable with.’ Why? ‘Organisational things always seem more urgent. So I’m almost fearful of what I’m going to ask of myself.’(Pen说，作为团队的一员，对于那些心理状态良好的人来说，压力其实更大，而且他还在考虑其他事情。“到周四我就47岁了。我所做的训练远远少于我所能接受的。“为什么?“有组织的事情似乎总是更紧急。所以我几乎害怕我要问自己的问题。”)”可推断，他担心自己不能胜任此次探险。故选B。
4． 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“‘Making it to the North Pole was a personal ambition,’ he admits, ‘and of limited value to anyone beyond the polar adventuring community. This time, scientists will profit from the data, and we’re creating a platform in which to engage as many people as possible in what’s happening in the Arctic Ocean. This is important work, and nobody can do it but us,’ he says.(他承认：“成功到达北极是个人的雄心壮志，对极地探险团体以外的任何人来说都没有多大价值。”这一次，科学家们将从数据中获益，我们正在创建一个平台，让尽可能多的人参与到北冰洋发生的事情中来。这是一项重要的工作，除了我们没人能做。)”可知，他觉得这次探险将会使得更多的人从他们的工作中获益。故选C。

（山东省烟台市2021-2022学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
Harvey Sutton spent nearly seven months hiking (徒步旅行) with his parents, walking the thousands of miles that make up the complete Appalachian Trail (阿巴拉契亚山道), which is simply called the “AT”. Harvey was just 4 years old when he started, and celebrated his 5th birthday on the trail.
To build up their child’s physical health and develop his personal qualities, Josh and Mary Sutton have been hiking with Harvey since he was two years old. They prepared him for hiking the “AT” by starting out with lots of shorter walks and hikes.  
The “AT” is a 3,530-kilometer hiking trail that runs through the forests of the Appalachian Mountains, from Georgia to Maine, passing through 14 states in all. The amount of up and down on the trail is about the same as climbing up and down Mount Everest (the world’s tallest mountain) 16 times. So only one out of every 4 hikers completes all the sections of the trail. But that didn’t stop Harvey and his family.
It took Harvey and his family 209 days — about seven months—to complete the entire AT. Every day the family would wake up around 5:30 in the morning. They would have breakfast and pack up their tent (帐篷) and sleeping bags before setting off through the woods. In general, the family hiked about 16 kilometers a day before stopping to set up camp again.
During his days on the AT, Harvey liked to use his imagination, which helped him walk more quickly and have fun. Harvey and his family made friends with other hikers on the trail. Harvey didn’t seem to get tired and enjoyed the hard work of hiking. “My favorite part was the rock climbing,” he says, “because it was so fun and hard.”
Completing the AT taught Harvey and his parents how to work as a team and how to take on challenges together. “We’re closer than ever before because of the experience,” Harvey’s mom said. “If possible, I want to hike the AT again at some point in the future,” Harvey added.
1． For what purpose did the Suttons hike the “AT”?
A．To see the fantastic natural scenery together.
B．To prepared Harvey to climb Mount Everest.
C．To make Harvey strong both in body and in mind.
D．To celebrate Harvey’s 5th birthday in a special way.
2． What do the numbers in paragraph 3 illustrate?
A．The main features of the AT. B．The difficulty of hiking the AT.
C．The popularity of climbing the AT. D．The significance of crossing the AT.
3． What is the typical character of Harvey?
A．Brave, curious and talkative. B．Honest, easy-going and creative.
C．Challengeable, proud and humorous. D．Adventurous, positive and strong-willed.
4． What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A．Harvey is going to hike the AT again.
B．It’s important to meet challenges on one’s own.
C．The Suttons have benefited greatly from the hike.
D．Hiking is sure to make family relationship stronger.
【答案】C B D C
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是哈维·萨顿和他的父母花了近7个月的时间徒步旅行，走了数千英里，组成了完整的阿巴拉契亚山径，简称为“AT”。
1． 推理判断题。根据第二段的“To build up their child’s physical health and develop his personal qualities, Josh and Mary Sutton have been hiking with Harvey since he was two years old.（为了培养孩子的身体健康和个人素质，Josh和Mary Sutton从哈维两岁起就开始和他一起徒步旅行。）”可知，萨顿家族徒步穿越"AT"的目的是让哈维身心都变得强壮。故选C。
2． 推理判断题。根据第三段的“The “AT” is a 3,530-kilometer hiking trail that runs through the forests of the Appalachian Mountains, from Georgia to Maine, passing through 14 states in all. The amount of up and down on the trail is about the same as climbing up and down Mount Everest (the world’s tallest mountain) 16 times. So only one out of every 4 hikers completes all the sections of the trail.（“AT”是一条3530公里的徒步旅行路线，穿过阿巴拉契亚山脉的森林，从乔治亚州到缅因州，总共经过14个州。在这条小路上上上下下的次数，大约相当于在珠穆朗玛峰（世界最高峰）上上上下下爬了16次。所以每4个徒步旅行者中只有一个人完成了所有的部分。）”可知，本段里列举的数字说明了徒步穿越AT的困难。故选B。
3． 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“During his days on the AT, Harvey liked to use his imagination, which helped him walk more quickly and have fun.（在穿越AT的日子里，哈维喜欢发挥他的想象力，这让他走得更快，也让他玩得更开心。）”和“Harvey didn’t seem to get tired and enjoyed the hard work of hiking.（哈维似乎并不觉得累，而且很享受艰苦的徒步旅行。）”可知，哈维有冒险精神，积极向上，意志坚强。故选D。
4． 主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Completing the AT taught Harvey and his parents how to work as a team and how to take on challenges together. “We’re closer than ever before because of the experience,” Harvey’s mom said.（完成AT使哈维和他的父母学会了如何作为一个团队来工作，以及如何一起迎接挑战。“因为这段经历，我们比以往任何时候都更亲密了，”哈维的妈妈说。）”可知，最后一段主要告诉我们的是萨顿一家从徒步旅行中获益匪浅。故选C。


自然灾害


（甘肃省定西市2022-2023学年高一上学期1月期末英语试题）
A hydropower (水力发电) station employee who had been missing after a magnitude-6.8 earthquake, on Sept. 5 in Sichuan province, had been found alive on Sept. 21.
Gan Yu, 28, was rescued on Wednesday morning by Ni Taigao, a villager in Yaojin village in Shimian, a county under the administration of Ya’an, Sichuan province, He heard his yell for help in the mountain, according to Shen Xiaobing, head of the township (乡) government.
As the earthquake whose epicenter (震中) is in neighbouring Luding county, in Sichuan’s Ganzi Tibetan autonomous prefecture, damaged Ni’s house in the mountainous village, he had to rent a house down the mountain. Two days ago, Ni returned to the village to feed his sheep and saw rescue workers who were looking for Gan pass his damaged house. As he was familiar with the mountain, he decided to live in a relative’s home in the village with the intention of looking for Gan during the daytime.
At 7 am on Wednesday, he took two bottles of beverages (饮料) and some candies and set out from the relative’s home. After walking for more than two hours, Ni heard somebody yelling for help on a mountain slope and found Gan lying in the forests.
Gan’s clothes were tattered and he had injuries on his legs. Ni immediately called the local government and took out a bottle of beverage for Gan to drink slowly. His mental state was good. He cried and said he was lucky to have met me, Ni said. Gan said he had survived by eating wild fruits and drinking water.
At 11:30 am on Wednesday, the earthquake relief headquarters of Wanggangping township sent 18 rescue workers and two medical workers to the site where Gan had been found. A helicopter sent him to the Luding county seat (县城), where he is receiving treatment in hospital.
The site where Gan had been found in Yaojin has a straight-line distance of more than 10 kilometers from the Wandong Hydropower Station where Gan works. But there are several peaks in the middle, and the road is steep, Shen said. After the earthquake, Gan and Luo stayed in the ruined station without mobile phone signals or food. The earthquake killed 93 people in Sichuan, with 55 in Ganzi and 38 in Ya’an.
1． Why did Ni Taigao live in a relative’s home in the village?
A．To look after his relative. B．To lead rescue workers.
C．To search for Gan Yu in the day. D．To feed his sheep during the daytime.
2． What does the underlined word “tattered” mean in paragraph 5?
A．Old. B．Fashionable. C．Changed. D．Torn.
3． What do we know about Gan Yu?
A．He was asleep when he was found.
B．He survived by eating plant roots and drinking water.
C．He was carried to the Luding county seat by helicopter.
D．He was found at the foot of a mountain beside the forest.
4． What can be a suitable title for the news report?
A．A magnitude-6. 8 earthquake kills 93 people in Sichuan.
B．Gan and Luo stay in ruined station after magnitude-6. 8 earthquake.
C．Man missing for 17 days after magnitude-6. 8 earthquake found alive.
D．Local government tries to save man missing for 17 days after earthquake.
【答案】C D C C
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述在9月5日四川省发生了6.8级地震，一名失踪的水电站员工在失踪17天后被发现还活着。
1． 细节理解题。根据第三段“As he was familiar with the mountain, he decided to live in a relative’s home in the village with the intention of looking for Gan during the daytime. (由于他对这座山很熟悉，他决定住在村里一个亲戚家里，打算在白天寻找甘宇。)”可知，倪太高住在村里亲戚家里是为了在白天寻找甘宇。故选C。
2． 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Ni heard somebody yelling for help on a mountain slope and found Gan lying in the forests. (倪听到有人在山坡上大声呼救，发现甘躺在森林里。)”可知，地震之后，甘宇一个人躺在森林里，说明他的情况很不好，所以他的衣服应该是被树枝划破了，腿也受伤了。所以tattered的意思应该是“破的”，和选项D意思一致。故选D。
3． 细节理解题。根据第六段“A helicopter sent him to the Luding county seat (县城), where he is receiving treatment in hospital. (一架直升机把他送到了泸定县城，他正在医院接受治疗。)”可知，甘宇坐直升机到了泸定县城。故选C。
4． 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A hydropower (水力发电) station employee who had been missing after a magnitude-6.8 earthquake, on Sept. 5in Sichuan province, had been found alive on Sept. 21. (9月5日，四川省发生6.8级地震，一名失踪的水电站员工于9月21日被发现还活着。)”可知，这篇新闻报道主要讲述9月5日四川省发生了6.8级地震，一名失踪的水电站员工在失踪17天后被发现还活着。故选C。

（吉林省吉林市普通高中2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
There have been many earthquakes around the world in recent years, so it is necessary to know some safety tips for earthquakes.
To begin with, remember the Drop, Cover and Hold method (DCH) from the American Red Cross. Drop down to the floor. Take cover under a piece of furniture (家具) and protect your head and neck with your arms. Hold on to the furniture until the ground stops shaking.
Besides, you should learn some tips about how to keep yourself safe in different places when an earthquake happens. If you happen to be having a class at school, standing beside a wall will protect you from falling things. Don’t stand near windows or under lights. When you are in a public area, like in a bookstore, get down beside the stands or go to the corner. Protect your head with your arms or bag. Stay away from big advertising (广告) boards. If you’re in the kitchen at home, move away from the fridge and lights.
What’s more, knowing about the magnitude of an earthquake is also necessary for you to take proper action when an earthquake strikes. The magnitude is from 1 to 10 and the higher the number, the bigger the earthquake. Usually, people can feel an earthquake of magnitude 3 to 4. When an earthquake reaches 5, farm animals feel nervous and the surface of walls cracks. When it reaches 6, houses may fall down and people are likely to get injured.
To know more about earthquake safety, click http:// www. Xuexila. com.
1． How can you protect yourself in an earthquake according to DCH?
A．Climb onto the bed very quickly. B．Stand still in the middle of the room.
C．Take shelter under a table and hold it. D．Run out of the room as fast as you can.
2． According to the writer, what should you do when in a bookstore in an earthquake?
A．Stand near windows or under lights. B．Get down beside the stands.
C．Keep away from the crowded people. D．Stay near or under a big board.
3． Which is true about the magnitude of an earthquake?
A．An earthquake of magnitude 1 is very serious. B．Walls crack in an earthquake of magnitude 3.
C．People can’t feel an earthquake of magnitude 5. D．An earthquake of magnitude 6 may do great damage.
【答案】C B D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章就地震中应该采取哪些有效措施保护自身安全提出了一些建议。
1． 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Drop down to the floor. Take cover under a piece of furniture (家具) and protect your head and neck with your arms. Hold on to the furniture until the ground stops shaking.(趴在地板上。躲在一件家具的下面，用手臂保护头部和颈部。抓住家具，直到地面停止摇晃)”可知，根据DCH，在地震中我们可以通过躲在桌子下面并且抓住它来保护自己。故选C。
2． 细节理解题。根据第三段的“When you are in a public area, like in a bookstore, get down beside the stands or go to the corner.(当你在公共场所时，比如在书店里，从书架旁边下来，或者走到角落里)”可知，当地震发生时如果你在在书店，你可以在书架旁边蹲下或走到角落里。故选B。
3． 细节理解题。根据第四段的“When it reaches 6, houses may fall down and people are likely to get injured.(当地震达到6级时，房屋可能会倒塌，人们也可能会受伤)”可知，达到六级的地震可能造成巨大破坏。故选D。

（重庆市西南大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
EARTH WEEK—A Diary of the Planet
Week ending Friday, December 16 2022
Storms
Several more rounds of fierce storms, tornadoes and floods struck many parts of the American Midwest and Northeast as bad weather continued across the US for a second month. It was reported that people living in the disaster-stricken areas were forced to leave their houses and seek shelter in nearby towns.
Monsoon Storms
A south-west monsoon has caused great damage in parts of Sri Lanka. Government meteorologists said that unexpected monsoonal winds blew directly across the country from the southern part of the earth at about 100km/h, producing several rounds of stormy weather. Nearly 250 houses in the capital Colombo were damaged.
Mt Etna Eruption
Sicily Mount Etna volcano erupted shortly after midnight on July 1, shooting “bombs” of lava (岩浆) on the eastern side of the mountain. The 30-minute eruption could be seen for several miles but did not threaten any nearby villages.
Hurricane
Hurricane Blas lost its power as it moved over cooler waters in the Pacific Ocean to the west of Mexico. Blas formed off southwest Mexico during the last week, but the outer part of the storm swept western Michoacan State, killing four people when their wood and cardboard home fell down.
Monkey Repellent
After years of unsuccessful attempts to keep crop-eating monkeys out of Japanese fields, a Tokyo research team believes that it may have finally found a way to prevent the damage caused by the monkeys. Animal ruin of crops was successfully prevented by shooting chili powder into the air, irritating the eyes and noses of monkeys that passed in front of carefully placed warning. “We’ve tried all kinds of preventive measures, but the monkeys are bright enough to outsmart the tricks,” said Toshiaki Wada, Director of the Tokyo Forestry Experiment Station in western Tokyo.
1． According to the text, which natural disaster might have caused the least damage to residents?
A．Storms. B．Monsoon Storms.
C．Mt Etna Eruption. D．Hurricane.
2． How did Toshiaki Wada describe the monkeys?
A．Clever. B．Powerful.
C．Destructive. D．Lovable.
3． Where can we probably find the text?
A．In a lab report. B．In a daily newspaper.
C．In a travel brochure. D．On a community noticeboard.
【答案】C A B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了EARTH WEEK日记中一些天气和自然灾害的情况。
1． 细节理解题。根据Mt Etna Eruption部分中“The 30-minute eruption could be seen for several miles but did not threaten any nearby villages.(几英里外都能看到30分钟的喷发，但没有威胁到附近的村庄。)”可知，西西里岛埃特纳火山爆发并没有影响到附近的村庄对居民造成的损害最小。故选C。
2． 细节理解题。根据Monkey Repellent部分中“Animal ruin of crops was successfully prevented by shooting chili powder into the air, irritating the eyes and noses of monkeys that passed in front of carefully placed warning. (通过向空中发射辣椒粉，刺激猴子的眼睛和鼻子，成功地防止了动物对庄稼的破坏)”以及““We’ve tried all kinds of preventive measures, but the monkeys are bright enough to outsmart the tricks,” said Toshiaki Wada, Director of the Tokyo Forestry Experiment Station in western Tokyo.( 东京西部的东京林业实验站主任和田俊明说：“我们已经尝试了各种各样的预防措施，但猴子足够聪明，足以战胜这些诡计。”)”可知，尽管人类已经采取了各种措施阻止猴子对庄家进行破坏，但是猴子依旧战胜这些诡计。这些猴子非常聪明。故选A。
3． 推理判断题。根据文章标题“EARTH WEEK—A Diary of the Planet(地球周——地球日记)”以及“Week ending Friday, December 16 2022(2022年12月16日星期五结束)”可知，本文是出自于一份报纸，介绍的是EARTH WEEK日记中一些天气和自然灾害的情况。故选B

（福建省厦门市2022-2023学年高一上学期2月期末英语试题）
The Fourth of July is an important day for the Quad Cities River Bandits, a Minor League Baseball team. Thousands of fans crowd into Modern Woodmen Park in Davenport, lowa, to cheer on the home team and watch fireworks. But it was a bit different in 2014, says Chesser, the Bandits' manager, when the baseball stadium was rurned into an island in the middle of the Mississippi River. Fans had to cross the floodwaters on a movable bridge to reach the stadium.
Davenport is the only major city on the upper Mississippi River without flood walls to hold back the river. Instead of building a barrier(障碍)between the river and nearby homes and businesses. Davenport designed its downtown to be floodable lining the city's nine miles of riverfront (滨河地区) with parks, bike tracks, parking lots, and a very wet baseball stadium.
Local leadership says thin method has come with some economic benefits. Building a wall would be expensive, potentially costing more than present flood cleanups. “When the river comes up, and that happens every year now, we let it take its own course. There is nothing really in there that could be damaged,” says former Davenport mayor Bill Gluba.
Davenport’s method does come at a cost. “When we have a flood, we put off other important services.” says Public Works Director Nicole Gleason,” We press a stop button on everything that's scheduled.”
Despite complaints (抱怨) about slow road repair, the Davenport community realizes what it has gained with the public green space. Locals enjoy frequent citywide events, from festivals and concerts on the riverfront to an annual Father's Day bike ride.
For residents like Bandits' manager Chesser, the many beautiful days at the riverfront more than make up for the day when flooding spreads into the city. “I can't complain if five days a year Mother Nature decides to throw us a curveball.” he says.
1． Why does the writer mention “The baseball stadium” In Paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the topic. B．To draw a conclusion.
C．To analyze the problem. D．To explain an idea.
2． What's special about Davenport's flood-prevention method?
A．It designed in floodable riverfront. B．It blocked away the flood effectively.
C．It used valuable land to build flood walls. D．It spent much more than the traditional way.
3． Which statement will the locals probably agree with?
A．The city's flood method is short-sighted B．The benefits can make up for flood influence.
C．The locals' life is hardly affected by the flood D．The speed of road repair is extremely fast after flood.
4． Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Walling Up the City to Flood B．Davenport's Peace with the Flood
C．A Model for Cities' Flood Management D．A Common Method for Mississippi's Flood
【答案】A A B B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了达文波特发生洪水时，政府推迟了其他重要的服务，但与此同时，达文波特当地人经常享受全市范围内的活动，从河边的节日和音乐会到一年一度的父亲节自行车骑行。
1． 推理判断题。根据第一段“The Fourth of July is an important day for the Quad Cities River Bandits, a Minor League Baseball team. Thousands of fans crowd into Modem Woodmen Park in Davenport, lowa, to cheer on the home team and watch fireworks. But it was a bit different in 2014, says Chesser, the Bandits' manager, when the baseball stadium was tuned into an island in the middle of the Mississippi River. Fans had to cross the floodwaters on a movable bridge to reach the stadium.”（7月4日对于小联盟棒球队Quad Cities River Bandits来说是一个重要的日子。成千上万的球迷涌入爱荷华州达文波特的Modem Woodmen公园，为主队加油，观看烟花表演。但在2014年，情况有点不同，Bandits的经理切塞尔说，当时棒球场变成了密西西比河中间的一座岛屿。球迷们必须在一座可移动的桥上渡过洪水才能到达体育场。）可推知，作者在第一段中提到“棒球场”是为了介绍主题。故选A项。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Davenport designed its downtown to be floodable, lining the city's nine miles of riverfront with parks, bike tracks, parking lots, and a very wet baseball stadium.”（达文波特将市中心设计成可淹的，在城市9英里的河滨上排列着公园、自行车道、停车场和一个非常潮湿的棒球场。）可知，达文波特的防洪方法的特别之处是它设计在可泛滥的河边。故选A项。
3． 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Locals enjoy frequent citywide events, from festivals and concerts on the riverfront to an annual Father's Day bike ride.”（当地人经常享受全市范围内的活动，从河边的节日和音乐会到一年一度的父亲节自行车骑行。）以及最后一段中“For residents like Bandits' manager Chesser, the many beautiful days at the riverfront more than make up for the day when flooding spreads into the city.”（对于像Bandits的经理切塞尔这样的居民来说，在河边度过的许多美好时光足以弥补洪水蔓延到城市的那一天。）可推知，当地人可能会同意的说法是这些好处可以弥补洪水的影响。故选B项。
4． 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第四段“Davenport’s method does come at a cost. “When we have a flood, we put off other important services.” says Public Works Director Nicole Gleason,” We press a stop button on everything that's scheduled.””（达文波特的方法是有代价的。“当我们发生洪水时，我们推迟了其他重要的服务。公共工程总监妮可·格里森(Nicole Gleason)说，“我们对所有安排好的事情都按下了停止按钮。”）和倒数第二段“Despite complaints about slow road repair, the Davenport community realizes what it has gained with the public green space. Locals enjoy frequent citywide events, from festivals and concerts on the riverfront to an annual Father's Day bike ride.”（尽管人们抱怨道路修复缓慢，达文波特社区意识到他们从公共绿地中获得了什么。当地人经常享受全市范围内的活动，从河边的节日和音乐会到一年一度的父亲节自行车骑行。）可知，文章主要讲的是达文波特发生洪水时，政府推迟了其他重要的服务，但与此同时，达文波特当地人经常享受全市范围内的活动，从河边的节日和音乐会到一年一度的父亲节自行车骑行。可推知，文章最好的标题是“达文波特与洪水的和平共处”。故选B项。

（陕西省西安市未央区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
In December 2004, Tilly Smith was in Phuket with her mum and dad. It was her first holiday in Thailand and the family were very happy.
On December 26, they were on Mai Khao beach when the sea disappeared. It was so strange that people walked to the sea and watched. Tilly watched too, but she was worried.
Tilly remembered a geography lesson at school. In the lesson they studied tsunamis that are very big, dangerous waves. They can travel 20 — 30 miles each hour with waves 10 — 20 meters high. A tsunami can kill people or destroy buildings as waves come in and go out.
Before the waves reached the beach, the sea disappeared. First, Tilly ran to her parents and told them all about Tsunamis. Then Tilly and her parents shouted at the people. Run! People stopped and listened to them. After that they hurried back from the beach. Finally, the big tsunami arrived. It was a tragedy for lots of people in Asia, but the people on Mai Khao beach were all right Tilly got a special certificate for what she did that day. And ten years later in 2014. 20-year-old Tilly visited the same beach in Thailand again, recalling the special day with her family.
1． How old was Tilly when she first took a holiday in Thailand?
A．10 B．14. C．16. D．20.
2． What can we know about the third paragraph?
A．Tsunamis are very small but dangerous waves B．Tsunamis can travel thirty to forty miles each hour.
C．Tsunamis can be more than thirty meters high D．Tsunamis can kill people as waves come and go
3． Which is the right order of the following events according to the passage?
a. Tilly told her parents about tsunamis.             b. The big tsunamis crashed on the beach.
c. Tilly shouted at the people on the beach.          d. People walked to the sea to see it disappear.
A．a c b d B．d a c b C．d a b c D．b d c a
4． What is the possible meaning of the underlined word “tragedy”?
A．A very sad experience. B．A very wonderful trip.
C．A very interesting activity. D．A very personal prediction.
【答案】A D B A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了2004年蒂莉·史密斯和她的父母在普吉岛遭遇海啸的经历。
1． 细节理解题。根据最后一段“And ten years later in 2014. 20-year-old Tilly visited the same beach in Thailand again, recalling the special day with her family.(十年后的2014年。20岁的蒂莉再次来到泰国的同一片海滩，回忆起和家人一起度过的特殊日子)”可知，蒂莉第一次去泰国度假时10岁。故选A。
2． 细节理解题。根据第三段“In the lesson they studied tsunamis that are very big, dangerous waves. They can travel 20 — 30 miles each hour with waves 10 — 20 meters high. A tsunami can kill people or destroy buildings as waves come in and go out.(在这节课上，他们学习了海啸，一种非常巨大、危险的海浪。它们可以在10 - 20米高的海浪中每小时航行20 - 30英里。海啸可以在海浪进进出出的过程中杀死人员或摧毁建筑物)”可知，海浪来了又走，海啸可以杀死人。故选D。
3． 细节理解题。根据第二段中“On December 26, they were on Mai Khao beach when the sea disappeared. It was so strange that people walked to the sea and watched.(12月26日，海水消失时，他们正在迈考海滩上。太奇怪了，泰国人走到海边观看)”可知，d“人们走到海边看它消失”排第一，排除A、D选项；根据最后一段中“First, Tilly ran to her parents and told them all about Tsunamis.Then Tilly and her parents shouted at the people. Run! People stopped and listened to them. After that they hurried back from the beach. Finally, the big tsunami arrived. (首先，蒂莉跑向父母，告诉他们关于海啸的一切。然后，蒂莉和她的父母对人们大喊大叫。跑人们停下来听他们说话。之后，他们从海滩匆匆赶回来。最后，大海啸到来了。)”可知，a排序第二。故正确顺序是d a c b。故选B。
4． 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Finally, the big tsunami arrived.(最后，大海啸来了)”以及后文“for lots of people in Asia”可知，海啸来了，造成了很大伤亡，所以是很多亚洲人的非常悲伤的经历。故画线词意思是“非常悲伤的经历”。故选A。

（四川省遂宁市2022-2023学年高一上学期末考试英语试题）
Across much of Spain on Tuesday morning, a thin layer (层) of red dust (尘埃) coated everything outside. This included cars, buses, trees, and plants.
As the sun rose, the dust in the air turned the skies in some cities a strange orange. The cause of the dust and unusual sky color wasn’t a forest fire, but the dust from the Sahara Desert. Every year, a large cloud of dust rises from the Sahara Desert. It’s called the Saharan Air Layer. Usually, it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle (圈) that helps develop farmland in Central and South America.
But sometimes, depending on the weather, the layer of dust gets forced to the north. Large sandstorms in northern Africa lift sand and dust into the air, where it gets blown toward Spain. These kinds of storms aren’t unknown in Spain. In fact, it has a special name, calima. It is so large that it can be seen from space. A NASA scientist says it’s like a river of dust in the air. That river of dust has met with a river of wet air driven by strong winds. People in some cities, like Malaga and Navarra, reported that it was raining dust. In other places, the dust changed the color of the snow on the ground.
The dust cloud continued to move north and west, hitting both France and the United Kingdom. The dust is expected to keep stalking, possibly as far north as Denmark. The dust cloud may make some places a little foggy and sunsets very colorful.
Some weather experts warn that climate change could make dust storms from the Sahara Desert even more serious in the future.
1． Normally, what does the Saharan Air Layer do?
A．It’s farmland-friendly. B．It does good to the desert.
C．It ends in the desert. D．It disappears in the ocean.
2． What can be learnt about the calima in Spain?
A．It has different colors. B．It causes heavy rains.
C．It is huge and famous. D．It is formed near rivers.
3． What does the underlined word “stalking” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Rising. B．Spreading. C．Getting weak. D．Becoming different.
4． In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Culture. B．Health. C．Agriculture. D．Nature.
【答案】A C B D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了每年撒哈拉沙漠都会升起一大片被称为撒哈拉空气层的尘土，它是自然循环的一部分。同时介绍了撒哈拉空气层所经之处对天气变化的影响。
1． 细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Usually, it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle (圈) that helps develop farmland in Central and South America. (通常，它作为自然循环的一部分穿越大西洋，这有助于开发中美洲和南美洲的农田。)”可知，通常情况下，撒哈拉空气层对农田很友好，故选A。
2． 推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“In fact, it has a special name, calima. It is so large that it can be seen from space. (这种风暴在西班牙并不罕见。事实上，它有一个特殊的名字，卡利马。它如此之大，以至于可以从太空中看到)”可知，西班牙的calima是巨大而且著名的，故选C。
3． 词义猜测题。文章划线单词上一句“The dust cloud continued to move north and west, hitting both France and the United Kingdom. (尘云继续向北和向西移动，袭击了法国和英国。预计灰尘将继续传播，可能会一直向北到丹麦)”可知划线单词所在句子The dust is expected to keep stalking, possibly as far north as Denmark.的意思是：预计灰尘将继续跟踪，可能会一直向北到丹麦。因此第四段中带下划线单词的意思是“传播”，故选B。
4． 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了每年撒哈拉沙漠都会升起一大片被称为撒哈拉空气层的尘土，它是自然循环的一部分。同时介绍了撒哈拉空气层所经之处对天气变化的影响。尤其文章第二段“Every year, a large cloud of dust rises from the Sahara Desert. It’s called the Saharan Air Layer. Usually, it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle (圈) that helps develop farmland in Central and South America. (每年，撒哈拉沙漠都会升起一大片尘土。它被称为撒哈拉空气层。通常，它作为自然循环的一部分穿越大西洋这有助于开发中美洲和南美洲的农田。)”可知，这篇文章可以出现在报纸的自然部分。故选D。

（陕西省渭南市临渭区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
On Wednesday a powerful earthquake hit Amatrice that was at the epicenter(震中), which is the point in the earth’s surface directly above where the earthquake happens. The town’s clock tower was the only building still standing. Italy’s prime minister said the earthquake had killed at least 120 people, and warned that the number might increase. There were several villages that were affected in farther mountainous areas. The earthquake was also felt as far away as Rome, 100 miles from the epicenter.
Earthquakes can’t be predicted. There are warning systems that can save some lives, but only under certain conditions. Unlike a tomnado warning where radar can see it and issue a warning before it, an earthquake warning happens when the earth is already shaking. We don’t have a system that can predict when the earth is going to shake. Our warning system is based on the fact that the earth is already shaking. The warning depends on how far you are from the earthquake epicenter. If you’re at an earthquake epicenter, you’re going to get no warning. If you’re far away from the epicenter, we can give you some time to prepare.
Another condition is how close the sensor is to the epicenter. If the sensor is 10 miles away from the epicenter, it takes five seconds to get to that sensor. So, the more sensors we get, the more time we’ll get as well. If you get 10 seconds notice of an earthquake that’s happening, especially a big one, you can open up the lifts on the nearest floor. You can also stop all the things that are moving before the shaking gets there. If you’re 30 miles away, your warning could be 15 seconds. It is 15 seconds that can save your life.
1． What can be learned from the first paragraph?
A．The earthquake happened on Monday. B．The earthquake destroyed all the buildings.
C．Fewer than 120 people lost their lives. D．Rome is about 100 miles away from Amatrice.
2． What can we say about the earthquake warning?
A．It can always give us time to prepare. B．It is different from the tornado warning.
C．It can tell us how to prepare for the earthquake. D．It can predict when earthquakes will happen.
3． How far might you be from the epicenter with 10 seconds notice of an earthquake?
A．5 miles. B．10 miles. C．20 miles. D．30 miles.
4． What is the best title of the passage?
A．A Powerful Earthquake B．The Introduction of the Earthquake Warning
C．Earthquakes and Tornados D．How the Earthquake Happens
【答案】D B C B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以阿马特里切地震为引入，介绍了地震预警系统，比较了地震预警系统与龙卷风预警的不同之处以及地震预警系统进行预测所需的一些条件。
1． 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The earthquake was also felt as far away as Rome, 100 miles from the epicenter.(距离震中100英里远的罗马也有震感)”可知，罗马距离阿马特里切100英里。故选D。
2． 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike a tornado warning where radar can see it and issue a warning before it, an earthquake warning happens when the earth is already shaking.(不像龙卷风警报，雷达可以看到它并在它之前发出警报，地震警报是在地球已经在震动时发出的)”可知，地震预警不同于龙卷风预警。故选B。
3． 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If the sensor is 10 miles away from the epicenter, it takes five seconds to get to that sensor.(如果传感器离震中有10英里远，则需要5秒钟才能到达该传感器)”可知，地震发生后10秒内通知，那么你离震中有20英里。故选C。
4． 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Earthquakes can’t be predicted. There are warning systems that can save some lives, but only under certain conditions.(地震是无法预测的。有一些预警系统可以拯救一些生命，但只在某些条件下)”结合文章以阿马特里切地震为引入，介绍了地震预警系统，比较了地震预警系统与龙卷风预警的不同之处以及地震预警系统进行预测所需的一些条件。故B选项“地震预警介绍”最符合文章标题。故选B。

（陕西省宝鸡市金台区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
The National Hurricane Centre, lying in Miami, Florida, gives watches and warnings before hurricanes come near the coastline. They use computers with satellite images (卫星影像) to find out where and when a hurricane will hit the coast. Sometimes, if a hurricane is strong enough, officials may require people to leave their homes, and travel to a safer place.
Can you imagine flying a plane through a hurricane? If you’re a hurricane hunter, it’s your job! Hurricane hunters fly airplanes to help the National Hurricane Centre make predictions (预测) about hurricanes, and give them the information needed to give warnings. Pilots find out how fast the winds are blowing, how big the hurricane is, and which direction it’s moving in. This helps people to be better prepared for hurricanes as they come near the coastline.
Categories (类别) of Hurricanes
There are five categories of hurricanes. The categories help to make people know how much damage a hurricane may cause because the greater the wind speed, the more dangerous the storm.
Category 1 - Winds 74-95 mph
Winds break branches, pull trees out of the ground and overturn mobile homes.
Category 2 - Winds 96-110 mph
Winds are strong enough to destroy weak doors and windows, and create 8-foot ocean waves.
Category 3 - Winds 111-130 mph
Strong winds cause major flooding near the coast which can destroy homes and businesses.
Category 4-Winds 131-155 mph
Winds are strong enough to destroy some buildings and cause heavy damage to building roofs .
Category 5 - Winds greater than 155 mph
Buildings along the coastlines are washed away. Buildings can be completely destroyed.
1． What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Hurricane predictions. B．The job of National Hurricane Centre.
C．Hurricane safety guides. D．The advice of National Hurricane Centre.
2． What does hurricane hunters do?
A．They help people out in a hurricane. B．They predict the paths of hurricanes.
C．They collect information about hurricanes. D．They warn of possible hurricane dangers.
3． What can Category 2 hurricanes cause?
A．They can bring about great flooding. B．They can blow roofs off buildings.
C．They can break weak doors. D．They can destroy the buildings completely.
【答案】B C C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飓风的预警和等级。
1． 主旨大意题。文章第一段讲到“The National Hurricane Centre, lying in Miami, Florida, gives watches and warnings before hurricanes come near the coastline. They use computers with satellite images (卫星影像) to find out where and when a hurricane will hit the coast. (位于佛罗里达州迈阿密的国家飓风中心在飓风靠近海岸线之前进行监视和警告。他们使用带有卫星图像的计算机了解飓风何时何地袭击海岸)”可知，第一段主要介绍了国家飓风中心的工作，故选B。
2． 细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Hurricane hunters fly airplanes to help the National Hurricane Centre make predictions (预测) about hurricanes, and give them the information needed to give warnings. (飓风猎人驾驶飞机帮助国家飓风中心对飓风进行预测，并向他们提供预警所需的信息)”可知，飓风猎人的工作就是搜集飓风的相关信息，故选C。
3． 细节理解题。文章Category 2 - Winds 96-110 mph部分讲到“Winds are strong enough to destroy weak doors and windows, and create 8-foot ocean waves. (风的强度足以摧毁脆弱的门窗，并产生8英尺的海浪)”可知，二级飓风如果风力足够大，能摧毁不结实的门。故选C。

（山西省朔州市怀仁市第一中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
Over the last two days, much of Spain has been coated with dust, and the skies have turned bright orange. A huge cloud of dust from the Sahara Desert is causing the strange weather. The dust cloud is expected to spread to other parts of Europe.
Across much of Spain on Tuesday morning, a thin layer (层) of red dust coated everything outside. From streets to sidewalks to balconies, everything was covered with a layer of dust. As the sun rose, the dust in the air turned the skies in some cities a strange orange. The cause of the dust and unusual sky colour wasn’t a forest fire, but dust from the Sahara Desert.
Every year, a large cloud of dust rises from the Sahara Desert. It’s called the Saharan Air Layer. Usually, it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle that helps develop farmland and beaches in Central and South America.
But sometimes, depending on the weather, the layer of dust gets forced to the north. Large sandstorms in northern Africa lift sand and dust into the air, where it gets blown towards Spain. Though the particles (微粒) in the air come from sand, they’re much more likedust than sand at a beach.
These kinds of storms aren’t unknown in Spain. In fact, it has a special name. It’s called a “calima”. This calima is so large that it can be seen from space. A NASA scientist who studies weather in the atmosphere says it’s like a river of dust in the air. That river of dust has met with a river of wet air driven by strong winds.
Spain’s weather service described the dust storm as being “very intense (强烈)”. At one point on Tuesday, the air quality in Madrid was the worst in the world. Government health experts warned people not to go outside without a mask, and to keep their windows and doors closed at home.
1． What turned Spain’s skies orange?
A．Pollutant from Europe. B．A huge cloud.
C．Heavy rainfall. D．Dust from Sahara.
2． What can we know about the Saharan Air Layer?
A．It’s from South America. B．It hits Spain every year.
C．It’s helpful for farming. D．It leads to forest fires.
3． Which word best describes the calima?
A．Common. B．Shocking. C．Attractive. D．Beneficial.
4． In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Travel. B．Health. C．Science. D．Nature.
【答案】D C B D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍撒哈拉沙尘席卷西班牙大部分国境，并探寻其原因。
1． 细节理解题。根第一段中“Over the last two days, much of Spain has been coated with dust, and the skies have turned bright orange. A huge cloud of dust from the Sahara Desert is causing the strange weather.(在过去的两天里，西班牙大部分地区都被灰尘覆盖，天空变成了明亮的橙色。来自撒哈拉沙漠的巨大尘埃云造成了这种奇怪的天气)”可知，撒哈拉大沙漠吹来的沙尘暴导致西班牙境内的天空变为了橙色。故选D项。
2． 细节理解题。根据第三段中“It’s called the Saharan Air Layer. Usually, it crosses the Atlantic Ocean as part of a natural cycle that helps develop farmland and beaches in Central and South America. (它被称为撒哈拉空气层。通常，它作为自然循环的一部分穿过大西洋，帮助中美洲和南美洲的农田和海滩的形成)”可知，撒哈拉空气层有助于农业。故选C项。
3． 推理判断题。根据第五段“ It’s called a ‘calima’. This calima is so large that it can be seen from space. A NASA scientist who studies weather in the atmosphere says it’s like a river of dust in the air. (它叫做“卡利马”。这个卡利马如此之大，从太空中都能看到。美国宇航局一位研究大气天气的科学家说，就像大气中的一条尘埃河)”可知，此次沙暴规模异常之大，甚至能在太空中清晰可见，犹如一条悬在空中的尘埃河。由此推知，“shocking(令人震惊的)”可以用来描述calima。故选B项。
4． 推理判断题。通读全文，本文主要介绍撒哈拉沙尘席卷西班牙大部分国境，并探寻其原因。由此推知，本文可能出自报纸的自然版块。故选D项。

（河北省邯郸市2022-2023学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题）
A 57-year-old Tonga man survived 27 hours at sea in the ocean after a tsunami wave swept him out to sea.
The incident (事件) happened after the huge eruption of a volcano in the island kingdom of Tonga. Lisala Folau said that he was painting his house when his brother told him a tsunami was moving toward the small island of Atata.
Folau is disabled and has difficulty walking. He said he climbed a tree to escape the first wave but when he got down, another big wave swept him away. “I could hear my son calling from land, but I didn’t want to answer him because I didn’t want him to swim out to rescue me,” said Folau.
Folau was swept out to sea at about 7 p. m. local time. Then, he said he swam another eight hours to a second island with no one living on it before finally swimming again to the main island of Tongatapu. The experience lasted more than 27 hours and covered 7.5 kilometers.
Folau said that he went underwater nine times. “On the eighth time I thought, ‘The next time I go underwater, my arms are the only things that are keeping me above water’,” said Folau. “So the ninth time I went under and came up and grabbed a log (原木). And that’s what kept me going.”
In an interview, Folau said he was frightened when the waves took him from land into the sea. “What came into my mind when I was helpless at sea was one thing,” he said. “That was my family.”
The amazing story of Folau’s survival was shared on the Internet. And people described him as a “real-life Aquaman (潜水侠)”.
1． Why does the author mention “27 hours at sea”?
A．To make his article out of the ordinary. B．To give a description of a long journey.
C．To stress the difficulty of the survival. D．To deepen readers’ impression of tsunami.
2． What does the underlined word “escape” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Sit on something. B．Go after something.
C．Experience physical pain. D．Get away from danger.
3． What supported Folau when he wanted to give up?
A．A log. B．His Family. C．His experience. D．A real-life Aquaman.
4． Where can we probably read the text?
A．A news website. B．A blog post.
C．A travel brochure. D．A science magazine.
【答案】C D B A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，2022年1月，汤加一座火山发生喷发并引发海啸，一名残疾男子在经历了27小时的漂流后奇迹生还。
1． 推理判断题。由第一段“A 57-year-old Tonga man survived 27 hours at sea in the ocean after a tsunami wave swept him out to sea.(一名57岁的汤加男子在海啸将他卷进大海后，在海上度过了27个小时)”和最后一段“The amazing story of Folau’s survival was shared on the Internet. And people described him as a “real-life Aquaman (潜水侠)”.(福劳幸存下来的惊人故事在互联网上被分享。人们把他描述为“现实生活中的潜水侠”)”可知，海啸把57岁的Folau卷入大海，在海中漂流27小时后幸存，这本身就是个奇迹。通过这一个数字更加映衬、突出了生还的不易。故选C项。
2． 词句猜测题。由第三段“He said he climbed a tree to escape the first wave but when he got down, another big wave swept him away. “I could hear my son calling from land, but I didn’t want to answer him because I didn’t want him to swim out to rescue me,” said Folau.(他说，他爬上一棵树是为了escape第一波海浪，但当他下来时，另一波大浪把他卷走了。福劳说：“我能听到儿子从陆地上打来的呼唤，但我不想回答他，因为我不想让他游出来救我。”)”可知，结合关键词swept和rescue可知，Folau是想爬到树上逃生。D项意为“远离危险”。故选D项。
3． 细节理解题。由倒数第二段““What came into my mind when I was helpless at sea was one thing,” he said. “That was my family.”(“当我在海上束手无策时，我脑海中浮现的是一件事，”他说。“那是我的家人。”)”可知，当福劳想要放弃时，是他的家人支撑着他坚持下来。故选B项。
4． 推理判断题。由倒数第二段“In an interview, Folau said he was frightened when the waves took him from land into the sea.(在一次采访中，福劳说，当海浪把他从陆地带到海里时，他很害怕)”和全文可知，通篇看本文是新闻报道类文章。所以很有可能在新闻网站上看到本文。故选A项。