专题01 必修三Unit 1知识点与语法梳理精练——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末知识点精讲+训练学案（外研版2019）

专题01  【知识串讲】必修三Unit 1知识点与语法梳理精练

1. fit in with 适应；符合；与…一致

【教材原句】Difficulties fitting in with others. 很难适应其他人

 fit in  适应        keep fit (＝keep healthy)  保持健康

be fit for...  适合……      be fit to do sth.  适合做某事

2. in a mess 杂乱；混乱；陷入困境

help sb. out 帮某人一把

【教材原句】I'm in a total mess here — hope you can help me out! 我现在一团糟——希望你能帮我一把！

 make a mess of  弄乱；把……弄糟  What a mess!  真乱啊！ mess up 把…弄糟；使心情恶劣

3. be crazy about 对……着迷

【教材原句】I'm crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.

我很痴迷并且还很擅长打篮球，这可能是我们输掉上次的比赛时我发疯的原因。

drive sb. crazy 把某人逼疯     go crazy 发疯；失去理智

4. let down 使失望；辜负

【教材原句】We played well, but I felt the team were let down by one member, our point guard.

我们打得很好，但我觉得球队被一名队员辜负了——我们的控球后卫。

5. let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪

【教材原句】I was just letting off steam really, because I was so angry, but then my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said.

   我真的只是在发泄情绪，因为我很生气，但是然后我的朋友就去告诉了其他每个人我说的话。

6. concentrate on 全神贯注于；集中精力于

【教材原句】Embarrassed and ashamed, I can't concentrate on anything.

感到尴尬和羞愧，我不能集中在任何事情上。

embarrassed and ashamed为形容词化的过去分词作状语，表示状态，修饰句子的主语。

Overjoyed but tired，they went to bed early.

他们非常高兴但又很疲惫，很早就睡觉了。（表伴随状语）

Thirsty and eager to get a little rest, he went into the teahouse and seated himself at a little table.

因为非常渴并且迫切想要休息一下，他进了茶室，坐在了一张小桌子旁。（表原因状语）

  They returned from war, safe and sound. 他们安然无恙地从战争中归来。（表结果状语）

  Old and young, the peasants are busy with the autumn harvest.

无论年长的还是年轻的,农民们都在忙着秋收。（表让步状语）

7. loose adj. 松的；控制不严的； v. 松开，释放

sink v. 使(船)沉没 （过去式sank；过去分词sunk）

【教材原句】There is an old American saying, “Loose lips sink ships.” 美国有句老话：“祸从口出。”

loose lips sink ships 祸从口出

8. admit v. 承认；允许进入；录取，录用

【教材原句】You admit that you were “letting off steam”. 你承认你在“发泄怒气”。

 admit doing sth. 承认做某事    be admitted to/into 被……录取

 It is generally admitted that... 人们普遍赞同... admission n. 承认；允许进入；录取，录用

9. apologise v. 道歉，谢罪

【教材原句】First, apologise to your teammate. 首先,向你的队友道歉。

 apologise (to sb) for (doing) sth. = make an apology to sb for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事(向某人)道歉

 apology n. 道歉，认错      accept one’s apology 接受某人的道歉

10. signal v. 发信号； n. 信号

【教材原句】This gives people the wrong signal. 这会给人错误的信号。

signal(to) sb. to do sth.  示意某人做某事  give a signal (to sb.)  （向某人）发信号

11. breath n. 呼出的气

【教材原句】Take a deep breath, calm down, and always remember: think first, speak later.

深呼吸，让自己平静下来，并谨记：先想，后说。

 take a deep breath  深吸一口气     out of breath  气喘吁吁,上气不接下气

hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸

breathe v. 呼吸

breathe in 吸气       breathe out 呼气

12. concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到； n. 担心；关注；

【教材原句】If you feel one of your teammates isn't pulling their weight, then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach.

如果你觉得你的一名队友没有尽职尽责，那就以一种专业的方式向你的团队教练提出你的担忧。

（1）pull one’s weight 做好分内事，尽责

（2）show/express concern about/for… = concern about/for… 对…表示关心

（3）concerned adj.  担心的；关注的；相关的

be concerned about/for  担心……；关心……

as far as... be concerned 就……而言；依……之见

13. look down on 看不起,轻视,蔑视

【教材原句】They would look down on her. 他们会看不起她。

look up to 敬仰，钦佩，仰慕     look after 照顾，照料

look ahead 向前看，着眼未来     look around/about 四处看看，四下环顾

look at 看         look back 回头看，回顾过去

look forward to 盼望，期待      look into 观察；调查

look on 旁观，观望       look on…as... 把…看作…

look out  当心，小心,留神      look through 浏览，快速查看

look up 查阅，查询；抬头看

14. annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的，生气的

【教材原句】Prevented from playing her role in Riley's emotional development, Sadness feels annoyed.

“悲伤”由于无法在莱莉的情感发展中起作用，她感到很烦恼。

be/get annoyed with sb. at/about/by sth. 因某事生某人的气

annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气     annoying adj. 令人气恼的

15. adjust v．适应，(使)习惯；调整，调节

【教材原句】When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.

当莱莉搬到一个新的城市时，她很难适应新环境。

 adjust oneself to sth.  适应某事    adjust to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事；适应(做)某事

 adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应    make an adjustment/adjustments to... 对……进行调整

adjustable adj.  可调节的

16. ensure vt. 保证，确保

【教材原句】Worried about her, Joy and Sadness try to work together to ensure she gets her core memories back.

出于对她的担心，快乐和悲伤尽力一起工作，以确保她找回自己的核心记忆。

 ensure = make sure 确保，保证

17. accident n.事故，意外事件，偶然因素

by accident 偶然地，意外地

【教材原句】Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Riley’s happy core memories with Joy.                                          “悲伤”想履行自己的职责，却意外地让莱莉失去了与“快乐”幸福的核心记忆。

18. forgive v. 原谅，宽恕

【教材原句】Try to forgive someone when they apologize. 当别人道歉时，尽量原谅他们。

forgive sb. for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做过)某事  forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事；宽恕某人某事

19. embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情

【教材原句】This can cause embarrassment. 这会造成尴尬。

 to one’s embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是

embarrass v. 使尴尬，使窘迫    embarrassed adj. 尴尬的，窘迫的  

embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的

20. get along with 与…相处

【教材原句】I can tell he is not easy to get along with. 我能看出他不容易相处。

get accustomed to 习惯于     get across  被传达；被理解

get away 离开，逃脱      get down to (doing) sth. 开始着手(做)某事，认真考虑

get off 从…下来       get over 克服；恢复

get rid of 除去，摆脱      get through完成；通过；接通

get used to (doing) sth. 习惯(做)某事

21. It is believed that... 人们相信…

【教材原句】It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ (intelligence quotient) in people’s lives.                             人们相信在人们生活中情商甚至比智商更重要。

 It is said that... 据说……     It is reported that... 据报道……

It is decided that...  已经决定……   It is suggested/advised that... 有人建议……

It is ordered that...  根据命令……   It is thought/considered that... 有人认为……

It is hoped that... 人们希望……    It is expected that... 人们预料……

It is announced that... 已宣布……

22. remain v. 剩余；保持；仍然，一直；留待，尚待

【教材原句】Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry.

  沃尔特·斯科特的这些诗句是两百多年前写的，至今仍是苏格兰诗歌中最著名的节选之一。

 remain to be done 有待被做     remaining adj. 留下的;剩余的;其余的

23. protect...from... 保护…免受…

【教材原句】Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”: little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.

 也许我们会安慰自己，认为自己所说的谎言大部分都是“善意的谎言”：为了保护别人不让其知道真相所讲的小小的谎言。

 protection n. 保护       environmental protection环境保护

under the protection of  在……的保护之下

24. tear n. 眼泪，泪水；v. 撕碎，撕裂

【教材原句】If you’ve had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it, or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”?

 如果你度过了糟糕的一天，你会告诉你的父母，还是你会隐藏你的眼泪，撒谎说你今天过得“很好”?

in tears  流着泪，含泪      burst into tears  放声大哭

tear up   撕毁；撕碎(文件等)    tear down  拆毁；拆除(建筑物、墙等)

25. so that （表目的）目的是，为了，以便；（表结果）因此，所以

frank adj. 坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的

【教材原句】Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.

停下来想一想，也许你的朋友想从你这里得到一些坦率的评论，以便他们能改进。

 frankly adv. 坦白说，坦率地说 = to be frank

26. latter n. (两者中的)后者；adj. 较后的；后半的

【教材原句】If the latter, don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings?

   如果是后者，你不觉得你的父母会愿意听你说话，理解你的感受吗?

 former n. 前者；adj. 以前的，之前的

27. every time（+ 时间状语从句） 每次…的时候

【教材原句】Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.

   也许你说的“好吃”的饭菜会在你每次来的时候都有。

 the first/second time（+ 时间状语从句） 第一次/第二次……时

(the) last time/(the) next time（+ 时间状语从句） 上次/下次……时

by the time（+ 时间状语从句） 到……时为止

28. independent adj. 独立的；自立的

the + 比较级…, the + 比较级…  越…，越…

【教材原句】The more independent you are, the better your life will be. 你越独立，你的生活就会越好。

be independent of  不依赖于；独立于  independence n. 独立

be dependent on / depend on  依靠；依赖；取决于

The more, the better. 越多越好；多多益善

29. apart adv. 分离，分开

【教材原句】As soon as they started to get closer, they hurt each other with their quills, so they had to move apart.

   它们刚开始靠近，就用刺互相伤害，所以它们不得不分开。

take...apart  将……拆卸开     tell...apart  把……区别/分辨开

apart from  除了，除……之外(还有)

过去分词作状语

1. 结构：done
2. 逻辑主语：主句的主语
3. 关系构成：与主句的主语构成动宾关系 / 主句的主语与过去分词构成被动关系
4. 意义：

1)  作时间状语：相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。

Asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.

=When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.

=When Philip was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.

当被问到对教学工作的观点时，菲利普说他觉得它既有趣又有意义。

2)  作原因状语：相当于原因状语从句或并列句。

Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.

＝Because John was absorbed in painting, he didn't notice evening approaching.

＝John was absorbed in painting, so he didn't notice evening approaching.

由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。

3)  作条件状语：相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。

Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

= If used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

= If one tin is used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以用六周。

4)  作让步状语：相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether...or 等连词转换成让步状语从句。

Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.

＝Although defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.

＝Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.

尽管被对手击败，但是他从没放弃希望。

5)  作方式、伴随状语：相当于and连接的并列句。

She accepted the gift, deeply moved.

＝She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved.

她接受了礼物，深深地被感动了。

5. 过去分词（done）与现在分词（doing）作状语的区别：

过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；

现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。

一、根据首字母或中文提示完成句子。

1．（2023秋·重庆·高一重庆巴蜀中学校考期末）Sarah chose to take the stairs and when reaching the 20th floor, she felt out of b___________.

2．（2022春·山东济南·高一统考期末）To be f______, I think Jinan has made a better impression on me than any other place.

3．（2023秋·广东广州·高一广州市培正中学统考期末）(原谅)________ me, but I really don’t agree with you about the need for change.

4．（2023秋·吉林·高一校联考期末）He said it so sincerely that his wife __________ (宽恕) him right away.

5．（2023秋·广东汕头·高一统考期末）Have you shared the learning ________ (策略)with your partner?

6．（2022春·新疆塔城·高一沙湾县第一中学校考期末）If you encourage students to express their thoughts and creative ideas, they will learn to become________ (独立的) thinkers.

7．（2022春·广西桂林·高一统考期末）Before travelling we must __________ (确保，保证) the availability of petrol and oil.

8．（2022春·广西南宁·高一南宁三十六中校考期末）I don’t like skating; m______(而且), the ice is too thin.

9．（2022秋·福建宁德·高一统考期末）Does it c_______(使担心) you that your children are out after dark?

10．（2020秋·安徽蚌埠·高一统考期末）Hunger is the body’s s________（信号）that levels of blood sugar are too low.

二、用单词的适当形式完成句子

1．（2021秋·广东东莞·高一统考期末）________( compare) with other sports, basketball features more continuous action.

2．（2023秋·广东惠州·高一统考期末）I was ________ (annoy) with him about his bad habit.

3．（2023秋·广东东莞·高一统考期末）_____ (form) by some teenagers, the band is quite popular among students.

4．（2023秋·重庆·高一西南大学附中校考期末）Anyone who comes through our doors will be welcomed with love and service, ________ (base) on their need and our capacity to provide.

5．（2022春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈尔滨市第三十二中学校校考期末）________ (surround) by a river, the park had a central pond with flowers floating in it.

6．（2022春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈尔滨市第三十二中学校校考期末）________ (frank) speaking, I don’t agree with them.

7．（2022春·湖南长沙·高一雅礼中学校考期末）One might think Fleming discovered penicillin ________accident, but actually this is far from the truth．

8．（2022春·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·高一统考期末）The________(embarrass) look on her face showed that she hadn’t expected my arrival.

9．（2022春·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·高一统考期末）________（locate）in the central district, the hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.

10．（2022春·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·高一统考期末）It is their responsibility to_____(sure) that the plans are carried out.

三、单项选择

1．（2020秋·天津·高一校联考期末）_______ to the hospital, the badly injured student was treated without delay and now is out of danger.

A．Having rushed B．Rushing C．To rush D．Rushed

2．（2022春·天津红桥·高一统考期末）This doesn’t happen ______; it happens by design.

A．once in a while B．by accident C．in the end D．more or less

3．（2022秋·天津·高一天津市宝坻区第一中学校联考期末）Children’s over-dependence on cellphones has become one of the top ________ of modern parents.

A．benefits B．concerns C．responses D．functions

4．（2023春·天津·高一天津三中校考期中）Mr. Green is a warm-hearted man, and he is always willing to ________ others whenever he is needed.

A．make out B．put out C．help out D．look out

5．（2023春·天津·高一天津三中校考期中）Your learning ________ needs to be adjusted a little so that you will have some time for your own hobbies.

A．embarrassment B．complexity C．concern D．strategy

6．（2023秋·广东广州·高一铁一中学校联考期末）He was late again, ________made the teacher ________.

A．who; annoying B．which; annoyed C．that; annoying D．that; annoyed

7．（2022春·广东深圳·高一统考期末）— Take it as a lesson! Remember “ ________ ”.

— I won’t speak that much to unfamiliar people any more.

A．Tick all the right boxes B．Loose lips sink ships

C．Let off steam D．Pull your weight

8．（2023秋·广东深圳·高一统考期末）Although I was _______, his words made me a lot more relaxed.

A．embarrassing B．embarrass C．embarrassed D．embarrassment

9．（2023秋·广东深圳·高一统考期末）________ by millions of people, the 2016 World Triathlon proved to be an event of love and cooperation.

A．Watching B．To watch C．Watched D．Being watched

10．（2023秋·江西吉安·高一江西省泰和中学统考期末）When _______ population with the past, those with the risk of cancer now actually decrease.

A．compare to B．comparing to C．compared to D．having compared to

11．（2022春·广东珠海·高一统考期末）The four countries use the same flag,  ______ as the Union Jack, and share the same currency.

A．knowing B．to know C．known D．was known

12．（2022春·黑龙江牡丹江·高一牡丹江市第三高级中学校考期末）The dog, ____, will make a good watch dog.

A．to train properly B．training properly C．properly to train D．trained properly

13．（2022春·黑龙江牡丹江·高一牡丹江市第三高级中学校考期末）________from a spaceship, the earth is a blue, green and white ball.

A．Seeing B．Seen C．To see D．Saw

14．（2021秋·河北衡水·高一校考期末）________ with traditional shopping, online shopping can provide more convenience and choices.

A．Comparing B．Compare C．To compare D．Compared

15． （2022春·上海·高一上海中学校考期末）_________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A．Being founded B．It was founded C．Founded D．Having founded