必刷卷 04——【高考三轮冲刺】2023年高考英语考前20天冲刺必刷卷(北京专用)（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份必刷卷 04——【高考三轮冲刺】2023年高考英语考前20天冲刺必刷卷(北京专用)（原卷版+解析版），文件包含必刷卷04北京专用原卷版docx、必刷卷04北京专用解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共36页， 欢迎下载使用。
2023年高考英语考前信息必刷卷04
北京专用

北京属于自主命题地区，2022年统考英语听说考试与笔试分离，实行计算机考试，一年两次考试，取听说最高成绩与笔试成绩一同组成英语科目成绩计入高考总分。英语听说考试共计50分，英语科目总成绩满分150分。笔试部分题型：完形填空（10小题，满分15分）+ 短文填空（三篇短文10小题，满分15分）+阅读理解（四篇短文14小题，满分28分）+七选五（5小题，满分10分）+ 阅读回答问题（4小题，满分12分）+书面表达（1小题，满分20分）.

回顾2022年高考卷北京卷完形填空是一篇记叙文，考查点：动词词义辨析（4个），动词短语（1个），形容词（3个），副词（1个），名词（1个）。语法填空A篇是一篇记叙文，考查点：介词，不定式，动词时态各一题；B篇是说明文，考查点:非谓语，宾语从句，主谓一致各一题；C篇是记叙文，考查点：反身代词，定语从句，形容词比较级，动词时态各一题。阅读理解A篇应用文，考查点：细节理解题（3题）；B篇记叙文，考查点：细节理解题（3题），推理判断题（1题）；C篇说明文，推理判断题（2题），细节理解题（1题）；D篇，议论文，（推理判断题，细节理解题，词义猜测题，主旨大意题各一。）阅读表达是一篇说明文，写作是一篇应用文-建议信。
本套试卷完形填空是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文介绍了一个项目，旨在让那些害羞的孩子通过与马建立联系，逐渐变得自信开朗。短文填空（A篇是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明人们会偏爱某些颜色，并介绍了这种现象产生的原因。B篇一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有证据表明感恩与身体健康之间可能存在关系；C篇是一篇说明文。中国研究人员在海底部署了原位科学实验站，使得深海科学研究成为可能，文章介绍了实验站的工作原理）。阅读理解（A篇是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最好的四个滑雪胜地；B篇是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了83岁的阿尔·梅里特在他的社区里一直是一个可靠而愉快的存在。在不离开自己的社区的情况下，他完成了“环球”骑行——24901英里。这一壮举鼓舞了社区所有的人;C篇是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是超声技术在实践中的应用以及当前存在的问题；D篇是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造光对人类和动物的危害，呼吁我们要行动起来，减少光污染）。七选五是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了家庭聚餐的意义及家庭聚餐应考虑的问题。阅读表达是一篇说明文。书面表达是演讲稿。


第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Olivia, 9, was shy at first. She’d never been on a horse before. So when she was asked to feed carrots to the reddish-brown horse named Charlie on a summer Saturday, she approached ____1____ , unsure of herself at times, turning around to a group of children waiting for their turn to feed him.
Olivia eventually made it to the horse’s mouth and Charlie licked (舔) her hands as she____2____ him his favorite treat. Olivia was amused.
“That’s what I call a(an) ____3____,” said Sabrina, a social worker who has teamed up with the community organization Alkebu-lan Village to help children overcome their problems and keep them on paths to____4____.
“I’m excited,” Olivia said smiling. “I love petting him.”
The program “Stop Horsing Around” at Alkebu-lan Village was launched this summer with over a dozen kids signing up. They were taught how to approach, feed, brush, and mount the horses____5____ eventually they got a chance to ride them.
By____6____ the program’s horses with Sabrina’s help and forming____7____ with them, children become more self-aware and then begin to recognize and face negative feelings and behaviors, which can help them communicate with others and lead to significant positive changes to their____8____ skills, self-worth and behavior issues.
Sabrina first taught the children that Charlie needed to become____9____ with them by smelling their hands. Once Charlie was comfortable, the kids learned how to pet his face and head, and then how to use the lead rope, clean up Charlie’s messes, and feed him carrots.
Olivia wasn’t the only kid who was nervous and shy at the beginning. But ultimately Olivia also wasn’t the only kid to leave more confident. Their____10____ consistently turned into smiles, laughter and excitement.
1．A．happily B．calmly C．slowly D．directly
2．A．fed B．left C．made D．threw
3．A．award B．exchange C．negotiation D．breakthrough
4．A．fame B．success C．responsibility D．freedom
5．A．before B．after C．as D．though
6．A．taking over B．walking with C．caring for D．responding to
7．A．routines B．bonds C．judgements D．ideas
8．A．technical B．survival C．organizational D．social
9．A．popular B．familiar C．satisfied D．patient
10．A．resistance B．disappointment C．misunderstanding D．hesitation

【答案】
1．C    2．A    3．D    4．B    5．A    6．C    7．B    8．D    9．B    10．D

【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文介绍了一个项目，旨在让那些害羞的孩子通过与马建立联系，逐渐变得自信开朗。
1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，当她在一个夏天的周六被要求喂红褐色的马查理胡萝卜时，她慢慢地走近，有时不自信，转向一群等着喂它的孩子。A. happily高兴地；B. calmly平静地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. directly直接地。根据第一段第一句“Olivia, 9, was shy at first. She’d never been on a horse before. (9岁的奥利维亚一开始很害羞。她以前从未骑过马。)”可知她很害羞，所以当她被要求喂马时，她应该是缓慢地靠近。故选C项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥利维亚最终把胡萝卜放到了马口，查理舔了舔她的手，她喂了他最喜欢的食物。A. fed喂；B. left离开；C. made做；D. threw扔。通过上文可知她不敢喂马到最终把食物喂到了马的嘴里。当她把食物喂到马的嘴里时，查理舔了舔她的手。故选A项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这就是我所说的突破，”萨布丽娜说，她是一名社会工作者，与社区组织阿尔克布兰村合作，帮助孩子们克服他们的问题，让他们走上成功的道路。A. award奖项；B. exchange交流；C. negotiation谈判；D. breakthrough突破。根据上文Oliver由开始的害羞不敢喂马，到最后把食物喂到马的嘴里，这是一种突破。故选D项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“就是我所说的突破，”萨布丽娜说，她是一名社会工作者，与社区组织阿尔克布兰村合作，帮助孩子们克服他们的问题，让他们走上成功的道路。A. fame名声；B. success成功；C. responsibility责任；D. freedom自由。这个项目是帮助孩子突破自我走上成功的道路。故选B项。
5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们学会了如何接近、喂马、刷马和上马，最后才有机会骑上它们。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. as当……时候/因为；D. though虽然。根据句意可知，在他们骑马之前需要学会接近马，喂马和刷马等。故选A项。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A. take over接管；B. walk with与……同行；C. care for照顾/关心；D. respond to回应。通过前文“they were taught how to approach, feed, brush, and mount the horses(他们学会了如何接近、喂马、刷马和上马)”可知，孩子们通过照顾马和马建立联系。故选C项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A. routines常规；B. bonds联系；C. judgements判断；D. ideas主意。根据句意，孩子们通过照顾马与马建立联系。故选B项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A. technical技术的；B. survival幸存的；C. organizational组织的；D. social社会的；社交的。根据本句“which can help them communicate with others(这能帮助孩子与他人沟通)，表明孩子们的社交技能将会发生积极变化。故选D项。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sabrina首先教孩子们，查理需要通过闻他们的手来熟悉他们。A. popular流行的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. satisfied感到满意的；D. patient有耐心的。根据下一句“Once Charlie was comfortable, the kids learned how to pet his face and head, and then how to use the lead rope, clean up Charlie’s messes, and feed him carrots.(一旦查理舒服了，孩子们就学会了如何抚摸他的脸和头，然后学会了如何使用牵绳，收拾查理的烂摊子，给他喂胡萝卜。)”可知，查理一开始是先从闻手上的气味开始熟悉孩子们。一旦熟悉了，孩子们就可以抚摸他们的脸和头。故选B项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的犹豫相符地变成了微笑、笑声和兴奋。A. resistance抗拒；B. disappointment失望；C. misunderstanding误解；D. hesitation犹豫。由最后一段“Olivia wasn’t the only kid who was nervous and shy at the beginning. But ultimately Olivia also wasn’t the only kid to leave more confident. (奥利维亚并不是唯一一个一开始就紧张害羞的孩子。但最终奥利维亚也不是唯一一个离开时更加自信的孩子。)可知，孩子们由一开始的犹豫最后转变为了自信和微笑。故选D项。

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Schloss and her partner set out to find out ____11____ people like certain colors more than others. Their studies suggest that color preference ____12____ (cause) by how someone feels about objects of that color. For example, people often like blue ____13____ it reminds them of clear skies and clean water. On the other hand, people tend to shy away from brown because they are reminded of the food that has gone bad.

【答案】11．why
    12．is caused    13．because

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明人们会偏爱某些颜色，并介绍了这种现象产生的原因。
11．考查宾语从句。句意：施洛斯和她的搭档着手研究为什么人们更喜欢某些颜色。根据下文内容可知，下文解释的是人们为什么对颜色有偏好的原因。故填why。
12．考查动词语态。句意：他们的研究表明，颜色偏好是由某人对这种颜色的物体的感觉造成的。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；color preference和cause之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，preference为不可数名词。故填is caused。
13．考查原因状语从句。句意：例如，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水。根据句意可知，人们经常喜欢蓝色，因为它让他们想起晴朗的天空和干净的水，应用because引导从句，意为“因为”。故填because。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Research on the relationship between gratitude (感恩) and physical health is still exploring. The evidence of existing studies ____14____ (suggest) that there may be a connection. It appears that more grateful people report sleeping better and feeling ____15____ (healthy). Besides, gratitude may lead people to engage in behaviors that help keep them healthy, like not smoking. Now researchers still need to make it clear ____16____ gratitude is so good for our health.

【答案】14．suggests    15．healthier    16．why
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有证据表明感恩与身体健康之间可能存在关系。
14．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现有研究的证据表明可能存在关联。分析句子可知，空格处缺少谓语动词，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“evidence”意为“证据”，为不可数名词，故空格处应用“suggest”的三单形式“suggests”。故填suggests。
15．考查形容词比较级。句意：似乎更多感恩的人表示自己睡得更好，感觉更健康。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作表语，根据句意和句中“better”可知，句中把感恩的人和其他人进行比较，感恩的人睡得更好，感觉更健康，故空格处应用“healthy”的比较级“healthier”。故填healthier。
16．考查宾语从句。句意：现在，研究人员仍然需要弄清楚感恩对我们的健康是否如此有益。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，“it”作形式宾语，空格处单词引导从句，作真正的宾语，根据上文“ gratitude may lead people to engage in behaviors that help keep them healthy, like not smoking”可知：感恩能让人们做帮助保持健康的行为。所以想弄清楚“为什么感恩对于健康有好处”。故填写why.

C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Chinese ____17____ (researcher) have deployed an in-situ scientific experiment station on the seabed that will enable long-term uncrewed scientific research in the deep sea. The in-situ scientific experiment station is a new deep-sea system ____18____ (suggest) by China in recent years. Usually, ____19____ (tradition) marine surveys take samples from the seabed and get them tested in the land labs. For in-situ testing in the deep sea, damage or loss of sample data due to environmental changes can ____20____ (avoid).

【答案】17．researchers    18．suggested    19．traditional    20．be avoided
【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国研究人员在海底部署了原位科学实验站，使得深海科学研究成为可能，文章介绍了实验站的工作原理。
17．考查名词。句意：中国研究人员已经在海底部署了一个原位科学实验站，这将使长期无人在深海进行科学研究成为可能。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作主语，应用名词，结合谓语动词have deployed可知，谓语为复数形式，故主语也需用复数形式。故填researchers。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：原位科学实验站是近年来中国提出的一种新型深海系统。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式，其逻辑主语为a new deep-sea system，和动词suggest二者之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式，此处整个分词短语作后置定语。故填suggested。
19．考查形容词。句意：通常，传统的海洋调查从海底采集样本，然后在陆地实验室进行测试。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰后面的marine surveys，此处应填形容词，tradition的形容词形式为traditional，表示“传统的”。故填traditional。
20．考查动词语态。句意：在深海进行原位测试，可以避免由于环境变化造成样品数据的损坏或丢失。分析句子可知，设空处在句中和前面的can一起构成谓语，主语为damage or loss of sample data，与avoid之间为被动关系，故此处应用被动语态be done结构。故填be avoided。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
It’s no secret that some of the world’s best ski resorts (胜地) are found within Switzerland’s outstanding mountains. Here are some of them.
Grindelwald—Wengen
If you’re looking for a Swiss postcard ski experience, then Grindelwald is the place for you. The beautiful North Face of the Eiger towers over this pretty mountain village, which has a long history of mountain climbing and skiing. Its main ski area can be skied on the same lift ticket! There’s no better way to get up the mountain here than by train.
Opening Date: Nov. 26, 2022            Closing Date: Apr. 16, 2023
Flims Laax Falera
What pulls in skiers and snowboarders from all over the world to Flims Laax Falera are the world-class terrain (地形) parks. There’s no denying this ski resort is a big hit with freestylers, but there’s also plenty to attract skiers.
Opening Date: Nov. 28, 2022            Closing Date: Apr. 26, 2023
Engelberg
Engelberg is a rising star for a range of good reasons, but the highlight is the massive free-ride potential. The secret is most definitely out as the town fills up every year with Scandinavians in search of their dry light snow.
Opening Date: Oct.15, 2022            Closing Date: May 21, 2023
Zermatt
Zermatt is the best of Switzerland’s ski resorts. This is your resort if you have the money to afford it! Fantastic restaurants are seen all over the mountain, serving Swiss cheese hotpot and other cooking masterpieces.
Opening Date: Nov. 26, 2022            Closing Date: Apr. 30, 2023
21．Which ski resort do you choose if you enjoy mountain villages?
A．Grindelwald-Wengen. B．Flims Laax Falera.
C．Engelberg. D．Zermatt.
22．What attracts people to Flims Laax Falera?
A．Its beautiful secenry. B．Its pleasant weather.
C．Its terrain parks. D．Its free admission.
23．What is the major concern of travelers who choose Zermatt?
A．Transportation. B．Security.
C．Price. D．Location.

【答案】21．A    22．C    23．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最好的四个滑雪胜地。
21．细节理解题。根据Grindelwald—Wengen部分中“The beautiful North Face of the Eiger towers over this pretty mountain village, which has a long history of mountain climbing and skiing. Its main ski area can be skied on the same lift ticket! There’s no better way to get up the mountain here than by train.”（美丽的艾格峰北坡耸立在这个美丽的山村之上，这里有着悠久的登山运动和滑雪历史。它的主要滑雪区域可以在同一电梯票上滑雪！在这里，没有比坐火车上山更好的路了）可知，如果你想在滑雪区欣赏山村的景色，可以来Grindelwald—Wengen。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据Flims Laax Falera部分中“What pulls in skiers and snowboarders from all over the world to Flims Laax Falera are the world-class terrain (地形) parks.”（吸引世界各地的滑雪者和滑雪板爱好者到Flims Laax Falera 的是世界级的地形公园）可知，吸引人们来Flims Laax Falera的原因是其世界级的地形公园。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据Zermatt部分中“Zermatt is the best of Switzerland’s ski resorts. This is your resort if you have the money to afford it! ”（Zermatt是瑞士最好的滑雪胜地，只要你有钱，这里就是你的度假胜地！）可知，当你选择滑雪胜地Zermatt时，需要考虑的是你的经济能力。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
B
For the past 11 years, 83-year-old Al Merritt has been a reliable and cheery presence in his neighborhood.
Since 2010, Merritt has been trying to achieve the mission to cycle the circumference (周长) of the Earth — 24,901 miles — without ever leaving his own neighborhood. As a result, Merritt got to know many of his neighbors. Up until October 24, (2021), he never realized that his daily bicycle trips were as important to them as they were to him.
At 3 p.m., nearly 200 people gathered near his home to surprise and congratulate Merritt on the ending of his “round-the-world” adventure, and a large trophy (奖杯) was placed in his arms. “It’s just unbelievable. I couldn’t have imagined anything like this,” he said.
11 years ago, when his son Kevin brought a bike, Al started cycling around. At first, his rides were about five miles long, then 10 to 12 miles, and gradually the length of his outings grew. As time went by, he began to think big——the circumference of the Earth. By the end of 2020, he had covered 21,565 miles in total and knew he could complete his goal by the end of 2021.
There was no celebration of the goal planned until Natalie London and Taylor Plecity came along. They were visiting London’s mom when Merritt flew by on his bike. Attracted by his story, they walked over to introduce themselves. When they discovered Merritt was just weeks away from completing his goal, they asked if they could film a short documentary.
“We wanted to tell the story of this guy. What Merritt represents is how an individual’s small acts can change an entire community,” said London. To celebrate the completion of Merritt’s cycling goal, they secretly printed up flyers and placed them on doorsteps for several blocks. But even they were surprised at the huge crowd that gathered.
Although Merritt has now achieved his goal, he has no plans to change the routine that has be-come the highlight of his daily life.
24．What can we know about Al Merritt?
A．He bicycles with lots of neighbors. B．He began his task during his seventies.
C．He was awarded a trophy by his club. D．He visited various places around the world.
25．How did Merritt get the idea of “round-the-world” adventure?
A．He was persuaded by neighbors. B．His son made a practical suggestion.
C．His physical capability improved gradually. D．He watched an inspiring documentary.
26．What’s the purpose of filming this short documentary?
A．To share unforgettable experiences. B．To promote a healthy outdoor sport.
C．To stimulate positive life attitudes. D．To show a harmonious community.
27．What is the text mainly about?
A．A senior bike racer. B．An unexpected harvest.
C．A successful big adventure. D．A neighborhood inspiration.

【答案】24．B    25．C    26．C    27．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了83岁的阿尔·梅里特在他的社区里一直是一个可靠而愉快的存在。在不离开自己的社区的情况下，他完成了“环球”骑行——24901英里。这一壮举鼓舞了社区所有的人。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“For the past 11 years, 83-year-old Al Merritt has been a reliable and cheery presence in his neighborhood.(在过去的11年里，83岁的阿尔·梅里特(Al Merritt)在他的社区里一直是一个可靠而愉快的存在。)”可知，83岁的阿尔·梅里特在11年前，也就是他70多岁时就开始进行这项任务。。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“At first, his rides were about five miles long, then 10 to 12 miles, and gradually the length of his outings grew. As time went by, he began to think big—the circumference of the Earth.(一开始，他骑的车大约5英里长，然后是10到12英里，慢慢地，他骑的车越来越长。随着时间的流逝，他开始考虑更大的目标——地球的周长。)”可知，是他的体能逐渐提高，使他产生“环球”冒险的想法的。故选C项。
26．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“We wanted to tell the story of this guy. What Merritt represents is how an individual’s small acts can change an entire community(我们想讲述这个人的故事。梅里特所代表的是一个人的小行为如何改变整个社会)”可推知，拍摄这部纪录片短片的目的是激发积极的生活态度。故选C项。
27．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了83岁的阿尔·梅里特在他的社区里一直是一个可靠而愉快的存在。在不离开自己的社区的情况下，他完成了“环球”骑行——24901英里。这一壮举鼓舞了社区所有的人。由此推知，D选项“一个社区的鼓舞人心的人物”能概括全文内容。故选D项。
C
For astronomers who are sighted, the Universe is full of visual wonders. From shimmering planets to shinning galaxies(星系), the universe is impressively beautiful. But those who are visually impaired cannot share that experience. So astronomers have been developing alternative ways to convey(传递)scientific information.
Recently, the journal Nature Astronomy published the latest in a series of articles on the use of sonification in astronomy. Sonification describes the change of data into digital audio(声音)files, which allows them to be heard, as well as read and seen.
In August, Kimberly Arcand, a data-visualization expert and science communicator at the Center for Astrophysics and others transformed some of the first images of the black hole at the centre of the Perseus cluster from the James Webb Space Telescope into sound. They worked under the guidance of people who are blind to map the intensity and colours of light in the headline-grabbing pictures into audio. The sonification of an image of gas and dust in a distant nebula(星云), for instance, uses loud high-frequency sounds to represent bright light near the top of the image, but lower-frequency loud sounds to represent bright light near the image’s centre. The black hole sonification translates data on sound waves travelling through space-created by the black hole’s impact on the hot gas that surrounds it-into the range of human hearing.
Scientists in other fields have also experimented with data sonification. Some have explored whether it can help with discovering Alzheimer’s disease from brain scans. Sound has even been used to describe ecological shifts caused by climate change in an Alaskan forest, with researchers assigning various musical instruments to different tree species.
In the long run, such approaches need to be strictly evaluated to determine what they can offer that other techniques cannot. For all the technical accuracy displayed in individual projects, the Nature Astronomy series points out that there are no universally accepted standards for sonifying scientific data, and little published work that evaluates its effectiveness.
28．What does the underlined word “impaired” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?
A．Appealing. B．Damaged. C．Directed. D．Impressive.
29．The examples in Paragraph 4 are intended to ______.
A．show the widespread use of sonification
B．introduce the common process of sonification
C．provide people with the cure for particular diseases
D．improve the application of sonification to more fields
30．As for sonification, which would the author agree with?
A．The use of sonification helps to analyze data effectively.
B．The standardization of sonification has yet to be achieved.
C．Sonification can transform some data that other techniques cannot.
D．Lower-frequency sounds show bright light near the top of the image.

【答案】28．B    29．A    30．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是超声技术在实践中的应用以及当前存在的问题。
28．词义猜测题。根据前文“For astronomers who are sighted, the Universe is full of visual wonders. From shimmering planets to shinning galaxies(星系), the universe is impressively beautiful. (对于视觉正常的天文学家来说，宇宙充满了视觉奇迹。从闪烁的行星到闪耀的星系，宇宙是令人印象深刻的美丽。)”，以及划线词句中的“but”可知，本句与前句构成了转折关系，前面讲述的对于视觉正常的天文学家来说，宇宙充满了视觉奇迹，后文应该指出对于那些视力损伤的人则不能享受此经历。故划线词impaired与B选项damaged为同义词，意为“损坏”。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scientists in other fields have also experimented with data sonification.(其他领域的科学家也对数据声波化进行了试验。)”可知，本段中的例子主要阐述的是科学家对数据声波化进行的试验，表明超声波的广泛应用。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For all the technical accuracy displayed in individual projects, the Nature Astronomy series points out that there are no universally accepted standards for sonifying scientific data, and little published work that evaluates its effectiveness.(《自然-天文学》系列指出，对于个别项目中显示的所有技术精度，没有普遍接受的超声科学数据的标准，很少有发表的工作评估其有效性。)”可知，当前，还没有普遍接受的超声科学数据的标准，即超声技术的标准化还有待实现。故选B。
D
Most environmental pollution comes from humans and their inventions. The electric bulbs are thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time. However, too much of a good thing has started to negatively impact the environment. Light pollution, the extreme or inappropriate use of outdoor artificial light, is affecting human health and wildlife behavior. There is a global movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help.
Light pollution is a global issue. This became particularly obvious when the World Atlas (地图册)of Night Sky Brightness, a computer-generated map based on thousands of satellite photos, was published in 2016. Vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia are glowing with light, while only Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazon are in total darkness.
Artificial light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm(生理节奏)一the internal, twenty-four-hour clock that guides day and night activities and affects physiological processes in nearly all living organisms. One of these processes is the production of the hormone melatonin(褪黑素), which is released when it is dark and is prevented when there is light. An increased amount of light at night lowers melatonin production, which results in lack of sleep, headaches, stress, anxiety, and other health problems. Blue light, in particular, has been shown to reduce levels of melatonin in humans. It is found in cell phones and other computer devices, as well as in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the kinds of bulbs that have become popular at home and in industrial and city lighting due to their low cost and energy efficiency.
Studies show that light pollution is also impacting animal behaviors, such as migration (迁徙)patterns and habitat formation. Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration get confused, lose their way, and often die. Large numbers of insects, a primary food source for birds and other animals, are drawn to artificial light and are instantly killed upon contact with light sources. Even animals living under the deep sea may be affected by underwater artificial lighting. One study looked at how animals in sea responded to brightly lit panels put under water off the coast of Wales. Fewer filter feeding animals(滤食性动物), such as the sea squirt(海鞘), made their homes near the lighted panels. This could mean that the artificial light is altering ocean ecosystems.
The good news is that light pollution, unlike many other forms of pollution, is reversible(可逆的)and each one of us can make a difference! Now, many people are taking action to reduce light pollution and bring back the natural night sky. Individuals are urged to use outdoor lighting only when and where it is needed, to make sure outdoor lights are properly shielded (遮挡)and direct light down instead of up into the sky, and to close window blinds, shades, and curtains at night to keep light inside.
31．What does the underlined phrase “wreak havoc on” in Para. 3 probably mean?
A．Greatly improve. B．Well maintain.
C．Strictly manage. D．Seriously damage.
32．According to the passage, which would the author agree with?
A．Light pollution was first studied as a global issue in 2016.
B．Deep-sea environment can help animals avoid light pollution.
C．Artificial light affects the sense of direction and habits of animals.
D．LEDs can be used more because of low cost and energy efficiency.
33．What is the author’s attitude towards the control of light pollution?
A．Unconcerned. B．Negative.
C．Neutral. D．Positive.
34．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To call on people to reduce light pollution.
B．To discuss fors and againsts of artificial light.
C．To give suggestions to protect environment.
D．To show development prospect of artificial light.

【答案】31．D    32．C    33．D    34．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造光对人类和动物的危害，呼吁我们要行动起来，减少光污染。
31．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线短语下文“It interrupts sleep and confuses the circadian rhythm(生理节奏)一the internal, twenty-four-hour clock that guides day and night activities and affects physiological processes in nearly all living organisms. (它会干扰睡眠，扰乱昼夜节律——几乎所有生物体内指导昼夜活动并影响生理过程的24小时生物钟)”和下文提到的人造光对人类和动物造成的危害可知，人造光会打扰睡眠，扰乱生理节律，对人类和动物产生危害，结合划线短语所在句子“Artificial light can wreak havoc on natural body rhythms in both humans and animals.(人造光可以对人类和动物的自然节律wreak havoc on。)”可推知，人造光可以对人类和动物的自然节律造成严重破坏。由此可知，划线短语“wreak havoc on”意思与D项“严重损害”意思一样，故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Studies show that light pollution is also impacting animal behaviors, such as migration (迁徙)patterns and habitat formation. Because of light pollution, sea turtles guided by moonlight during migration get confused, lose their way, and often die. (研究表明，光污染也影响动物的行为，如迁徙模式和栖息地的形成。由于光污染，在月光引导下的海龟在迁徙过程中容易迷路，甚至死亡。)”可知，人造光影响动物的方向感和习性。故选C。
33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The good news is that light pollution, unlike many other forms of pollution, is reversible(可逆的)and each one of us can make a difference! (好消息是，光污染，不像其他形式的污染，是可逆的，我们每个人都可以做出改变！)”可知，光污染是可逆的，每个人都可以做出改变，由此可推知，作者对光污染控制的态度是积极乐观的，故选D。
34．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Light pollution, the extreme or inappropriate use of outdoor artificial light, is affecting human health and wildlife behavior. There is a global movement to reduce light pollution, and everyone can help.(光污染，极端或不适当的使用户外人工光，正在影响人类健康和野生动物的行为。有一个减少光污染的全球运动，每个人都可以帮忙。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人造光对人类和动物的危害，呼吁我们要行动起来，减少光污染，所以文章的写作目的是呼吁人们减少光污染。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Family meals are important and connect family members.____35____There is no need to worry about going to school, work and more.
Studies have shown family mealtime increases positive social skills, school engagement and decreases the frequency of negative behaviors.____36____ Trying new food or not restricting on food is encouraged. Children who engage in family mealtime are less likely to have eating disorders. In addition, those who share frequent family meals are more likely to eat a larger number of fruits and vegetables and be less picky about food.
____37____For example, we need to consider the budget, the time for meal preparation, the availability of recommended foods or supplements(补充物品)at a typical grocery store.____38____Members may have various cultural or dietary preferences. In view of this, we should make sure that the eating plan offered nutritional value for different calorie and nutritional needs-for people of different ages, different activity levels and health conditions.
Healthy eating should be a family affair, and some recommended diets will help you reach that goal by highlighting eating plans that are safe, flexible and nutritious for everyone at the table. In addition, the foods in the diets can be purchased fresh, canned or frozen.____39____
A．They prefer junk food like hamburgers, fried chicken.
B．A team of health experts think family meals are difficult.
C．They can get people to relax and make their relationship closer.
D．It also offers an opportunity to set healthy eating habits for kids.
E．Thus, It is convenient and easy for families to have family meals.
F．We also considered how adaptable this diet would be for a whole family.
G．We should have a balanced diet and pay attention to what we have every day.

【答案】35．C    36．D    37．B    38．F    39．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了家庭聚餐的意义及家庭聚餐应考虑的问题。
35．根据前文“Family meals are important and connect family members.”（家庭聚餐非常重要，可以把家庭成员联系起来。）讲述了家庭聚餐的重要性在于可以把家庭成员联系起来。因此空处承接前文，讲述家庭聚餐的意义。选项C.“它们可以让人们放松，让他们的关系更亲密。”人称代词they指代前文的“family meals”，符合题意，故选C。
36．根据前文“Studies have shown family mealtime increases positive social skills, school engagement and decreases the frequency of negative behaviors.”（研究表明，家庭进餐时间可以提高积极的社交技能、学校参与度，并减少消极行为的频率。）提到了家庭进餐时间的作用。因而空处承接前文，讲述家庭进餐时间的其它作用。选项D.“它也为孩子们建立健康的饮食习惯提供了机会。”it指代前文的“family mealtime”，承接前文，符合题意，故选D。
37．根据下文“For example, we need to consider the budget, the time for meal preparation, the availability of recommended foods or supplements(补充物品)at a typical grocery store.”（例如，我们需要考虑预算，准备膳食的时间，推荐的食品或补充剂在一个典型的杂货店的可用性。）通过事例列举出了家庭聚餐时，我们需要考虑的问题，因此作为段落主题句应总说，举办家庭聚餐是困难的。选项B.“一组健康专家认为家庭聚餐是困难的。”切题，故选B。
38．根据前文“For example, we need to consider the budget, the time for meal preparation, the availability of recommended foods or supplements(补充物品)at a typical grocery store.”（例如，我们需要考虑预算，准备膳食的时间，推荐的食品或补充剂在一个典型的杂货店的可用性。）列举了在家庭聚餐时，我们需要考虑的问题。因此空处承接前文，讲述我们还应考虑的饮食要满足家人的胃口。选项F.“我们还考虑了这种饮食对整个家庭的适应性。”切题，故选F。
39．根据前文“In addition, the foods in the diets can be purchased fresh, canned or frozen.”（此外，饮食中的食物可以购买新鲜的、罐装的或冷冻的。）说明准备的食物的来源，所以空处承接前文，讲述这样做可以为家庭聚餐带来方便。选项E.“因此，对于家人而言，家庭聚餐这样做是方便和容易的。”切题，故选E。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Too Far Away from It All?
A TV series in England, Away from It All, has surprised everyone by becoming a huge success with young people.
Its success is surprising because its main character is a shepherd (牧羊人), and the series is about the relaxing lifestyles of people who live in the country. There is none of the action that we usually see on TV. There are also no stressful moments, busy offices, or crowded cities. Away From It All is set in the peaceful English countryside and tells simple stories of people’s kindness
The director of the series says its success is a sign of teenagers suffering from stress. He says that watching Away from It All helps teenagers forget about the pressures of exams and homework, and the troubles that fill the world. He also claims that it’s a good sign that today’s youth are switching to happier TV series, as it shows they would like a happier and healthier life.
Although the series’ success might have a good side, many teachers and parents are worried. They say that some of their students and children are becoming couch potatoes (电视迷) and are using Away from It All as an excuse for not completing homework. Some students have even refused to study for exams because they say that they can only achieve happiness by avoiding stressful situations completely.
One mother, Lucy Linney, said of her son Patrick, “Before he started watching Away from it All, he loved challenges and volunteered every afternoon. But now he has become a couch potato. His grades have dropped and he no longer volunteers. He says it doesn’t matter as he just wants to ‘get away from it all’.”
And what do the experts say? Paula Ray, a doctor, says that TV can influence young people’s lifestyles. But she says that if a young person reacts as strongly as Patrick, it’s likely that there are other reasons for his change in the behaviour.
40．What is the TV series Away From It All about? (no more than 8 words)
________________
41．According to the director, why is Away From It All a success? (no more than 15 words)
________________
42．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean? (1 word)
________________
43．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words)
________________
【答案】40．The relaxing lifestyles of country people.    41．(Because) It helps teenagers forget about the pressures of study and troubles around.    42．Mark. / Symbol.    43．The influence of the TV series on teenagers.
OR: How do the TV series influence teenagers.   
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国电视剧Away from It All获得巨大成功，及其对青少年的影响。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Its success is surprising because its main character is a shepherd (牧羊人), and the series is about the relaxing lifestyles of people who live in the country.(它的成功令人惊讶，因为它的主角是一个牧羊人，而该系列讲述的是生活在乡村的人们放松的生活方式)”可知，电视剧Away from It All是关于生活在乡村的人们的放松的生活方式的。故答案为The relaxing lifestyles of country people.
41．考查推理判断。根据第三段“He says that watching Away from It All helps teenagers forget about the pressures of exams and homework, and the troubles that fill the world.(他说，观看Away from It All有助于青少年忘记考试和家庭作业的压力，以及充斥世界的麻烦)”可知，根据导演的说法，因为Away from It All可以帮助青少年忘记学习和周边麻烦的压力，所以它是成功的。故答案为(Because) It helps teenagers forget about the pressures of study and troubles around.
42．考查词句猜测。根据第三段“The director of the series says its success is a sign of teenagers suffering from stress.(该电视剧的导演表示，它的成功是青少年承受压力的sign)”以及“He also claims that it’s a good sign that today’s youth are switching to happier TV series, as it shows they would like a happier and healthier life.(他还声称，这是一个好的sign，表明当今的年轻人正在转向更快乐的电视剧，因为这表明他们想要更快乐、更健康的生活)”可知，电视剧取得成功，表明青少年想要更快乐、更健康的生活，这是青少年承受压力的标志，推测划线单词表示“标志”。故答案为Mark. / Symbol.
43．考查主旨大意。根据第四段“They say that some of their students and children are becoming couch potatoes (电视迷) and are using Away from It All as an excuse for not completing homework. Some students have even refused to study for exams because they say that they can only achieve happiness by avoiding stressful situations completely.(他们说，他们的一些学生和孩子正在成为电视迷，并将Away from It All作为不完成家庭作业的借口。一些学生甚至拒绝为考试而学习，因为他们说，只有完全避免压力，才能获得快乐)”可知，本段主要介绍了电视剧Away from It All对青少年的影响，或Away from It All是如何影响青少年的。故答案为The influence of the TV series on teenagers.OR: How do the TV series influence teenagers.

第二节（20分）
44．请你以谚语“有志者，事竟成(Nothing is impossible to a willing heart)”为题，写一篇演讲稿，参加学校英语演讲活动。内容包括：
1.谚语意义；
2.具体事例；
3.个人感悟。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.题目已为你写好。
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart
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【答案】Nothing is impossible to a willing heart
The proverb “Nothing is impossible to a willing heart” means that if a person makes up his mind to do something, he will reach his goal through hard work. Take Yuan Longping for example. Seeing Chinese farmers suffering from starvation, he decided to cultivate a high-yield rice to solve the problem. After years of efforts, he finally cultivated hybrid rice, which not only improved the life of Chinese farmers, but also benefited some foreign farmers.
In my opinion, we should hold this spirit both in study and in life. As long as we have a goal and strive for it, we will succeed sooner or later.
【导语】这是一篇开放作文，要求考生以谚语“有志者，事竟成(Nothing is impossible to a willing heart)”为题，写一篇演讲稿，参加学校英语演讲活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
下定决心做某事：make up one’s mind to do sth.→be determined to do sth.
以……为例：take...for example→take...as an example
有益于：benefit→be beneficial to
在我看来：in my opinion→as far as I am concerned
2.句型拓展
陈述句变强调句
原句：Seeing Chinese farmers suffering from starvation, he decided to cultivate a high-yield rice to solve the problem.
拓展句：It was because of seeing Chinese farmers suffering from starvation that he decided to cultivate a high-yield rice to solve the problem.
【点睛】[高分句型1]The proverb “Nothing is impossible to a willing heart” means that if a person makes up his mind to do something, he will reach his goal through hard work. （运用了that引导的宾语从句和if引导的条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]Seeing Chinese farmers suffering from starvation, he decided to cultivate a high-yield rice to solve the problem.（运用了现在分词作状语）