2023年高考考前押题密卷-英语（北京卷）（全解全析）

这是一份2023年高考考前押题密卷-英语（北京卷）（全解全析），共18页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分），【答案】D等内容，欢迎下载使用。

（北京卷）-学易金卷：2023年高考英语考前押题密卷
英语·全解全析
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
I moved into my house at the end of last year. I 1 noticed that there was a tree in the front yard. My partner told me they 2 it was a fig(无花果) tree and 3 sure enough, as the months went by, the tree grew huge leaves and 4 eventually came to fruition. Figs the size of my fist! My partner and I were 5 excited but we didn’t know what to do with all the figs.
About a week ago, my next door neighbour came and properly introduces himself. He then asks if he could pick up 6 some figs from my tree. Immediately, I 7 encouraged him to take as many as he liked. He told me that 12 years ago, the previous 8 owner of the house I live in now used to be very good friends with him and they planted this very fig tree way back then. I came home one day, to find a fruit box outside my front door. . This 9 filled my heart with happiness and gratitude. It reminded 10 me that there are still lively people in the world who want to do something nice for their neighbors.
1. A. feared B. noticed C. believed D. admitted
2. A.forgot B. discovered C. decided D. assumed
3. A. at random B. worst still C.most important D. sure enough
4. A.constantly B. temporarily C. eventually D. similarly
5. A. confused B. excited C. disappointed D. annoyed
6. A.break up B. tear down C. pick up D. make for
7. A. encouraged B. warned C. advised D. declined
8. A. previous B.punctual C.transparent D. voluntary
9. A.friction B. power C.gesture D. competence
10. A. taught B. warned C.invited D. reminded
1. 【答案】B
【解析】考查动词。根据上下可知， 我注意到前院里有一棵树。
2.【答案】D
【解析】 我的伙伴告诉我，他们认为这是一棵无花果树，
3.【答案】D
【解析】 考查固定短语。果然，随着时间的推移，这棵树长出了巨大的叶子，最终结出了果实。
4. 【答案】C
【解析】 考查副词。果然，随着时间的推移，这棵树长出了巨大的叶子，最终结出了果实。
5. 【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词。无花果有我的拳头那么大! 我的伙伴和我都很兴奋，但我们不知道该如何处理这些无花果。
6. 【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语。大约一周前，我的隔壁邻居来了，适当地介绍了自己。然后他问是否可以从我的树上摘一些无花果。
7. 【答案】A
【解析】考查动词。随即，我鼓励他想拿多少就拿多少。
8. 【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词。他告诉我，12年前，我现在住的房子的前主人曾经和他是很好的朋友，他们当时就种了这棵无花果树。
9. 【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。 这一举动让我心里充满了幸福和感激。
10. 【答案】D
【解析】考查动词。它提醒我，世界上仍然有活泼的人想为他们的邻居做一些好事。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Growing up in a musical family, Samara Joy tried different music ____11____ (style) when she was a teenager. But ____12____ attracted her most was jazz because of its authenticity (真实性). She told that her songs ____13____ (inspire) by the old jazz songs she liked but with a modern explanation. She was determined to continue seeking to encourage the younger generation to get excited about jazz.
【答案】11．styles 12．what 13．were inspired
【导语】这是一个记叙文。文章主要介绍了Samara Joy的家庭以及她喜欢的音乐风格。
11．考查名词复数。句意：萨马拉·乔伊生长在一个音乐世家，十几岁的时候就尝试过不同的音乐风格。空前有形容词different，故空处需要填可数名词的复数形式。故填styles。
12．考查主语从句。句意：但最吸引她的是爵士乐，因为它的真实性。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语动词为was，故was前为主语从句；从句中缺少主语，并需要表示“什么（东西）”，故需要用连接代词what。故填what。
13．考查动词语态。句意：她说，她的歌曲灵感来自她喜欢的老爵士歌曲，但有一个现代的解释。结合题干，此处需要填从句中的谓语动词，其中时态需要和主句中的told进行对应，用一般过去时态；her songs和inspire为动宾关系，her songs为复数，故需要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were inspired。
B
Renewable methods for ____14____ (produce) electricity, such as wind turbines and solar panels, can only provide power on the days ____15____ wind blows or the sun shines. Electric batteries ____16____ (use) to store energy are expensive and can also be polluting. Finnish scientists came up with a simple solution that puts unwanted green electricity to work, heating 100 tons of sand to around 500℃. The sand stays hot for months; when energy ____17____ (require), air can be pumped through it and heated up. The air in turn heats a system that supplies hot water to heat nearby houses.
【答案】14．producing 15．when 16．used 17．is required
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了芬兰科学家提出的一个利用沙子的可再生发电方式。
14．考查非谓语动词。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。空前为介词for，故空处需要填动名词doing的形式构成“介宾”结构。故填producing。
15．考查定语从句。句意：可再生发电方法，如风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板，只能在有风或有太阳的日子里提供电力。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，修饰先行词the days，表“时间”，从句中不缺主、宾、表和定语，故填关系副词。故填when。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：用来储存能量的电池价格昂贵，而且会造成污染。本句已有动词are,且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词与空前名词之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语。故填used。
17．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当需要能量时，空气可以通过它来加热。结合句意可知，此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时态即可；动词require和单数主语energy为动宾关系，故需要用被动语态be done的形式。故填is required。
C
This year, the 13th Spring Festival Joint Exhibition of Chinese Books, ____18____ theme was “Reading China”, was held on January 24th in 85 bookstores worldwide. It ____19____(carry) out a variety of activities such as book exhibitions and cultural performances. Books displayed in the exhibition were philosophical and artistic, which closely met the needs of overseas readers. Overall, this year’s book exhibition presented the newest and ____20____(fine) Chinese publications to local readers so that they could better understand China in the new era.
【答案】18．whose 19．carried 20．finest
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以“读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书展，并且介绍了活动内容及展出书目等详细情况。
18．考查定语从句。句意：今年，以“读中国”为主题的第十三届中国图书展于1月24日在全球85家书店举行。分析句子可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，因此需使用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
19．考查时态。句意：此次图书展将会开展书展、文艺演出等多种活动。分析句子可知，空处与主语it构成主动关系且陈述过去事实，因此可使用过去式。故填carried。
20．考查形容词最高级。句意：总的来说，今年的书展向当地读者展示了最新、最好的中国出版物，让他们更好地了解新时代的中国。由并列连词and和the newest（最新的）可知，空处应使用形容词最高级。故填finest。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
We offer art and performing classes to children, teens and adults. Our classes are listed on our website with direct links to register. Registration for our classes begins on May 25th.
Our Classes
We teach after-school programs, private and semi-private art classes. Summer.March Break and Christmas Day camps are available as well. Check out our online classes.
Join our art classes and develop your skills and creativity in painting, printmaking draw-ing- architecture, sculpture, fabric art, movie making, script writing, poetry confidence building skills and more. New programs are always being developed and are rarely repeated.
What Else We Do
We offer fun and exciting performance classes in our home base. Our home base is a beautiful studio designed by an architect as well as our two studios by the sea in Ambleside. We provide a creative setting for a hand on art and acting experience through classes and workshops. Specialized art education develops engaged, confident, well-rounded and creative chil-dren.Artistic activities train the brain to think spatially (空间地), solve problems creatively and support development in other subjects. Our elementary school programs bring exciting opportuníties for students to explore techniques and materials that are often beyond schools’ art classroom resources.
Where We Offer Classes
For parents looking for the convenience of extracurricular opportunities for their children, they can have experience by bringing our classes to their local school with a choice of lunchtime and after-school classes. We love our group of mobile schools with their greatly supportive volunteers! Or you can have us come to you for private classes!
21．How can the readers register the class?
A．By telephone.
B．By website.
C．By telegraph.
D．By mobile app.
22．What can students learn in the studios by the sea in Ambleside?
A．Performance.
B．Architecture.
C．Dancing.
D．Painting
23．What can we know about the class from the last paragraph?
A．Most parents want extra classes for their children.
B．Students can have classes in their local schools.
C．Volunteers in the training offer lunch to students.
D．Students can choose any place to attend the training.
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个提供儿童、青少年和成人艺术和表演课程的地方，并对具体细节进行相关介绍。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Our classes are listed on our website with direct links to register.(我们的课程在我们的网站上列出，有直接的注册链接)”可知，读者可以通过网站注册课程。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据小标题What Else We Do下的二、三句“Our home base is a beautiful studio designed by an architect as well as our two studios by the sea in Ambleside. We provide a creative setting for a hand on art and acting experience through classes and workshops.(我们的基地是一个由建筑师设计的美丽的工作室，以及我们在安布尔赛德海边的两个工作室。我们提供一个创造性的环境，通过课程和工作室来体验艺术和表演)”可知，学生们在安布尔赛德海边的工作室里能学到的是表演。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“For parents looking for the convenience of extracurricular opportunities for their children, they can have experience by bringing our classes to their local school with a choice of lunchtime and after-school classes.(对于为孩子寻找方便的课外机会的家长来说，他们可以把我们的课程带到当地的学校，选择午餐时间和课后课程)”可知，学生可以在当地的学校上课。故选B项。
B
There’s another universe not far from land. It lacks buildings, trees, cars, cellphones and the Internet. Seemingly limitless water extends uninterruptedly in all directions. Civilization goes away, along with any sign of humanity. And it is why I’m really into sailing. I grew up around boats. My father liked sailing and built them. My older sister and I were stuffed into a car nearly every summer weekend until my late teens to make the trip from northeast Indiana to the south shore of Lake Erie in Ohio, where Talisman built by my father waited patiently through the week.
As a kid, I read the adventures of Robin Lee Graham, a traveller exploring the sea alone, in the pages of National Geographic and, later, in Graham's book, Dove. However, it wasn't until about 20 years ago, well into my adulthood, that I took up sailing in a serious way. I've made voyages in fair stormy and weather, on my own boats and those of my friends, and ranging from nearshore day sails to blue-water passages.
Still, I've made plenty of mistakes. While living in Asia, a sailing friend and I set off across the South China Sea and intended to get to Thailand, only to be pushed by a late-season typhoon that forced us to make landfall in Vietnam, glad to be alive.
Years later, my wife and I lived aboard our 37-foot ship, Symbiosis, while we saved enough to take a two-year leave from our jobs to journey down the U.S. Atlantic coast and through the Bahamas and the Caribbean. We visited many places that never see ships or airplanes and that are nearly impossible to reach anyway other than at the helm(舵柄) of a small boat. But boats are expensive and time-consuming. After returning from the Caribbean a few years ago, we decided to sell Symbiosis, resolving instead to sail only “other people's boats”. It didn't last, though. A few months ago, we found a good deal on a smaller sailboat—easier to maintain but still capable of some short offshore journeys. I think we'll name her Talisman.
24．What would the author do on summer weekends as a kid?
A．He would help his father build Talisman.
B．He would sail with his father and his sister.
C．He would explore northeast Indiana in a car.
D．He would bring human civilization to sailing.
25．What can we learn about the book Dove?
A．It has something to do with exploring the sea.
B．It was published in National Geographic.
C．It is the most famous work by Graham.
D．It was an inspiration for the author's writing.
26．Why did the author sell his ship Symbiosis?
A．It didn’t function well. B．He couldn’t afford to maintain it.
C．He found a better one to replace it. D．It was damaged seriously during a storm.
27．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text?
A．To show his passion for sailing boats.
B．To stress the influence of adventures on him.
C．To discuss the problems of sailing on the sea.
D．To share his success in exploring the world.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．B 27．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己对航海的热爱。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段的“My father liked sailing and built them. My older sister and I were stuffed into a car nearly every summer weekend until my late teens to make the trip from northeast Indiana to the south shore of Lake Erie in Ohio… through the week(我父亲喜欢帆船，于是造了它们。几乎每个夏天的周末，我和妹妹都被塞进一辆车里，从印第安纳州东北部前往俄亥俄州的伊利湖南岸，父亲制造的Talisman在那里耐心地等待了整整一个星期。)”可知，作者小时候会在夏天的周末与父亲和妹妹一起航海。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段的“As a kid, I read the adventures of Robin Lee Graham, a traveller exploring the sea alone, in the pages of National Geographic and, later, in Graham's book, Dove.( 小时候，我读过《国家地理》杂志上的罗宾·李·格雷厄姆的冒险故事，他是一位独自探索海洋的旅行者，后来又读过格雷厄姆的书《鸽子》。)”可推断，这本书与海上探索有关。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But boats are expensive and time-consuming. After returning from the Caribbean a few years ago, we decided to sell Symbiosis, resolving instead to sail only ‘other people’s boats’.(但船既昂贵又费时。几年前从加勒比海回来后，我们决定卖掉Symbiosis，决定只驾驶“别人的船”。)”可知，Symbiosis是昂贵的，也是耗时的。由此可知，作者付不起保养的钱。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“And it is why I’m really into sailing.(这就是我喜欢航海的原因。)”和下文的描述可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是通过记叙自己的过往，展现出对航海的激情。故选A。
C
Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness. In Jungian philosophy, the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives. While Jung’s mystical theories are debatable, he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming. A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.
This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic (新陈代谢的) systems, let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns, which has long-term consequences on our memory system. One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories.
You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from our night-time rest. We sleep in cycles, each lasting about 90 minutes; in a sleep cycle, we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM. As the night progresses, REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep (one of the stages of non-REM sleep) decreases. The longer we sleep, the more time we spend in REM, which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning. If we sleep less than seven hours, however, it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM.
The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabiliser. We recover from emotional hurt faster when we sleep and dream properly. However, we’re not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant (抗抑郁剂) — dreams. Instead, we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep, which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM.
We’re paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways. For example, a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration (整合) of unassociated information. Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring creative solutions.
Rowan Hooper, the managing editor at New Scientist, writes that dreams that include an “emotional core” appear to be a main function of REM sleep and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we do diet and exercise habits.
28．What’s Carl Jung’s view about dreams?
A．They cause chaos. B．They mirror reality.
C．They reveal secrets. D．They damage immunity.
29．What does “this trend” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Insufficient sleep. B．A constant state of dreamlessness.
C．Addiction to electronic products. D．More research on sleep and dreams.
30．What can we learn about REM?
A．REM helps people fight depression.
B．REM can be improved by anti-depressants.
C．REM sleep occurs before non-REM sleep.
D．The brain receives new information during REM sleep.
31．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．The importance of sleep lies in dreams.
B．The absence of dreams is harmful to human beings.
C．Dreaming patterns are more important than we realise.
D．Dreaming has mystical power of strengthening memories.
【答案】28．B 29．B 30．A 31．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的报告显示，持续不做梦会在很多方面损害我们醒着的时间。文章主要说明了不做梦会损害免疫和代谢系统，解释了背后的原因以及对此的建议。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness.(根据卡尔·荣格的说法，梦揭示了在清醒意识中隐藏的一定数量的现实)”可知，卡尔·荣格认为梦反映了现实。故选B。
29．词句猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.(越来越多的报告表明，持续缺乏做梦在很多方面损害了我们清醒的时间)”以及画线词后文“is causing damage to our immune and metabolic (新陈代谢的) systems (正在损害我们的免疫和代谢系统)”可知，越来越多的报告显示，持续不做梦会在很多方面损害我们醒着的时间，这种趋势（持续的无梦状态）正在损害我们的免疫和代谢系统。故画线词指的是“持续的无梦状态”。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories.(一项研究表明，如果不让小鼠有足够的REM（快速眼动）睡眠，即我们做梦的阶段，小鼠就无法增强记忆)”和倒数第三段“However, we’re not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant (抗抑郁剂) — dreams. Instead, we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep, which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM.(然而，我们没有足够的睡眠来循环利用这种天然的昼夜节律抗抑郁剂——梦。相反，我们会感到沮丧，并求助于酒精或药物来入睡，这只会让事情变得更糟，因为即使一杯酒也会导致快速眼动晚期，而抗抑郁药会以牺牲快速眼动为代价促进深度睡眠)”可知，梦是一种天然的昼夜节律抗抑郁剂，做梦会快速眼动，所以快速眼动有助于人们对抗抑郁。故选A。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.(越来越多的报告显示，持续不做梦会在很多方面损害我们醒着的时间)”以及第二段“This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic (新陈代谢的) systems, let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns, which has long-term consequences on our memory system. One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories.(这种趋势正在损害我们的免疫和代谢系统，更不用说让我们熬夜的电子产品正在破坏我们的睡眠模式，这对我们的记忆系统有长期的影响。一项研究表明，如果不让老鼠有足够的REM(快速眼动)睡眠，也就是我们做梦的阶段，老鼠就不能加强记忆)”结合文章主要说明了不做梦会损害免疫和代谢系统，解释了背后的原因以及对此的建议。可知，这篇文章的主旨是缺乏梦对人类有害。故选B。
D
SnotBot is on a mission. The toaster-sized drone(无人机)flies over the open ocean,directly above an unusual whale. On a boat nearby,Andy Rogan smiles with joy. Rogan has been studying whales in his entire career but had never seen this species.
Back in 2011,Lian Pin Koh and Serge Wich,conservation experts,wondered if there might be an easier way to get data of animals in the wild. Wildlife researchers often walk through forests. They may look closely at whales from boats or stay in helicopters to view animals from above. Such trips are usually dangerous. Plus,their noise may scare animals. And helicopters can’t fly very far over the ocean because there’s nowhere to land or refuel.
“We thought,’What if you fly over them with a flying camera?’’says Wich. So they put together a drone from a remote-control model airplane and camera equipment. And it did the trick. On a test flight,the drone caught an image of an orangutan(猩猩)at the top of a very tall tree. The pair realized this was just the beginning of a whole new way of doing conservation work.
Now Wich and his colleagues are building AI that automatically locates and recognizes animals. They call their project Conservation Al. When someone uploads an image or video,the model analyzes the data. Then the model recognizes anything it can. In the future,an AI model could keep watch,instead of forest guards. It could send warnings when seeing doubtful activities..
The team tested this idea in a study in East Africa. Volunteers in Tanzania pretended to be poachers(偷猎者). The researchers made drones fly over the actors at different times of the day. Overall,people looking at the drone images did a better job than the Al model at finding pretend poachers. The model picked out many things that weren’t people at all. But the model found poachers that most people missed. With a little more work, Wich thinks that systems like this will make it easier for conservationists to better protect endangered animals.
32．What can we infer about Conservation AI from the passage?
A．It can replace conservationists’ work. B．It works by studying data first.
C．It can punish the poachers. D．It is fully automated.
33．What is Wich’s attitude to the future of the AI model?
A．Critical. B．Hopeful C．Worried. D．Prejudiced.
34．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Achievements in Wildlife Conservation
B．Major Discoveries of Biological Species
C．AI Study Has Achieved a Breakthrough
D．Flying Robots Protect Endangered Wildlife
【答案】 32．B 33．B 34．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款飞行机器人SnotBot帮助保护濒危野生动物。
32．推理判断题。根据第四段“They call their project Conservation Al. When someone uploads an image or video, the model analyzes the data. (他们把这个项目称为“人工智能保护”。当有人上传图片或视频时，这个模型就会分析数据。)”可推断，“人工智能保护”的工作原理是先研究数据。故选B。
33．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With a little more work, Wich thinks that systems like this will make it easier for conservationists to better protect endangered animals. (威奇认为，再多做一点工作，这样的系统将使环保主义者更容易更好地保护濒危动物。)”可推断，维奇对人工智能模型的未来态度是充满希望的。故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Now Wich and his colleagues are building AI that automatically locates and recognizes animals. (现在威奇和他的同事正在开发一种可以自动定位和识别动物的人工智能。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一款飞行机器人SnotBot帮助保护濒危野生动物。所以“Flying Robots Protect Endangered Wildlife(飞行机器人保护濒危野生动物)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Back pain can make it difficult for many people to function in everyday life. ___35___ If you suffer from back pain, read on for four everyday fixes.
Our bodies need adequate movement throughout the day to avoid the stiffness that contributes to aches and pains. If the weather is good, don't hunt for the nearest parking spot; don't take the elevator when you have the option of one or two flights of stairs. When you need to sit for long periods, set a timer to get up every hour and be active for just a few minutes. ___36___
When we overuse our dominant side, we create muscle patterns of weakness and tension that increase pain, especially in our backs. Consider the actions you take repeatedly throughout the day that shift your weight to one side. ___37___ And use your opposite hand every so often for basic activities, such as opening doors.
Psychological stress is a noted risk factor for back pain, according to research. Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future. ___38___ A few minutes a day of mindfulness can go a long way toward minimizing the impact of stress. Additionally, mindfulness practices like tai chi have all shown effectiveness in reducing back pain.
___39___ That is, you can create a game plan of daily activities to practice for back health. If your back hurts at the end of the day, don't just decide it was a “bad” day. Ask yourself if you practiced the activities to help you avoid the stress and tension. Taking an active, daily-life approach to maintaining a healthy body is the key to keeping back pain at bay.
A．Switch sides when you carry things.
B．It affects how you move, feel and think.
C．You should learn more about the cause of your pain.
D．Approach the health of your back as a responsibility.
E．So actively being mindful of the present reduces stress.
F．You'd better take a quick break to check in with your breathing.
G．More minutes of movement add up to big health benefits over time.
【答案】35．B 36．G 37．A 38．E 39．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些缓解背部疼痛的方法。
35．根据上文“Back pain can make it difficult for many people to function in everyday life.(背部疼痛会使许多人在日常生活中难以正常工作)”可知，本句继续说明背部疼痛对人们的影响，B选项中It指代上文Back pain。故B选项“它影响你的行动、感觉和思考”符合语境，故选B。
36．根据上文“Our bodies need adequate movement throughout the day to avoid the stiffness that contributes to aches and pains. If the weather is good, don't hunt for the nearest parking spot; don't take the elevator when you have the option of one or two flights of stairs. When you need to sit for long periods, set a timer to get up every hour and be active for just a few minutes.(我们的身体在一天中需要足够的运动，以避免导致疼痛的僵硬。如果天气很好，不要寻找最近的停车位；如果你可以选择一段或两段楼梯，就不要乘电梯。当你需要长时间坐着的时候，设置一个计时器，每小时起来活动几分钟)”可知，本段主要说明了尽量多运动，本句为本段最后一句，应继续说明运动的影响：对健康有很大的好处。故G选项“随着时间的推移，运动时间的增加对健康有很大的好处”符合语境，故选G。
37．根据上文“When we overuse our dominant side, we create muscle patterns of weakness and tension that increase pain, especially in our backs. Consider the actions you take repeatedly throughout the day that shift your weight to one side.(当我们过度使用惯用的那一侧时，我们就会产生肌肉无力和紧张的模式，增加疼痛，尤其是在我们的背部。考虑一下你每天重复做的那些让你的体重向一边转移的动作)”以及后文“And use your opposite hand every so often for basic activities, such as opening doors.(经常用另一只手做一些基本的动作，比如开门)”可知，上文提到“考虑一下你每天重复做的那些让你的体重向一边转移的动作”，即换边使用手，故A选项“拿东西的时候换一边”符合语境，故选A。
38．根据上文“Psychological stress is a noted risk factor for back pain, according to research. Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future.(研究表明，心理压力是背痛的一个重要风险因素。大多数精神压力都是由关注过去或未来引起的)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出应关注当下。故E选项“所以积极地关注当下可以减少压力”符合语境，故选E。
39．根据后文“That is, you can create a game plan of daily activities to practice for back health. If your back hurts at the end of the day, don't just decide it was a “bad” day. Ask yourself if you practiced the activities to help you avoid the stress and tension. Taking an active, daily-life approach to maintaining a healthy body is the key to keeping back pain at bay.(也就是说，你可以制定一个日常活动的游戏计划来练习背部健康。如果你在一天结束的时候背痛，不要只是认为这是“糟糕的一天”。问问自己，你是否练习过这些活动来帮助你避免压力和紧张。采取积极的日常生活方式来保持健康的身体是控制背痛的关键)”可知，后文提到制定一个日常活动的游戏计划来练习背部健康，即保持背部健康看作一项任何或是责任。故D选项“把保持背部健康视为一种责任”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for long periods even if you also exercise regularly could be bad for your health. And it doesn’t matter where the sitting takes place at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it occurs. Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial published this week in the British Joumal of Sports Medicine, Elin Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define physical activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven’t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position. “After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send harmful signals,” said Ekblom-Bak. She explained that sitting too long slows the metabolism-which affects our ability to regulate blood sugar and blood pressure, and metabolise fat-and may cause weaker muscles and bones.
Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day-but still spend much time sitting-might get more benefits if that exercise was spread across the day, rather than in a single bout (一回).
Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset (抵消) those effects.
“People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits,” Ekblom-Bak said. “But when they are in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible,” she said.
41．What are the possible bad effects of sitting for a long time?
________________
42．What is the next step for the current research on sitting long hours?
________________
43．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Ø Sitting for long periods is bad for your health. However, doing exercise once a day is enough to get rid of the impact of sitting too much.
________________
44．What habits do you think are good for your health? Why?
________________
【答案】41．They are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
42． More research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.
43．Because even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. 44．We should not sit still for a long time and try to break the sitting time as much as possible, because sitting for a long time does great harm to our health.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，一天中大部分时间坐着的人更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡，久坐对我们的身体有着很大的伤害。
41．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.(几项研究表明，一天中大部分时间坐着的人更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡)”可知，久坐的人可能更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡。故答案为They are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
42．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset (抵消) those effects.(专家表示，需要更多的研究来弄清楚坐多久是危险的，以及怎样才能抵消这些影响)”可知，目前关于久坐的研究的下一步是需要更多的研究来弄清楚坐多久是危险的，以及怎样才能抵消这些影响。故答案为More research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.
43．考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段“Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day-but still spend much time sitting-might get more benefits if that exercise was spread across the day, rather than in a single bout.(即使对经常锻炼的人来说，长时间坐在办公桌前也是有害的。世界卫生组织的体育运动专家蒂姆•阿姆斯特朗说，每天锻炼但仍有很多时间坐着的人，如果把锻炼时间分散到一天中，而不是一回合，可能会获得更多好处)”可知，在下列陈述中，每天做一次运动就足以摆脱久坐的影响这个说法是错误的，因为即使对经常锻炼的人来说，长时间坐在办公桌前也是有害的。故答案为Because even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful.
44．考查推理判断。根据最后一段““People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits,” Ekblom-Bak said. “But when they are in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible,” she said.(“人们应该坚持锻炼，因为锻炼有很多好处，”埃克布洛姆-巴克说。“但当他们在办公室时，他们应该尽可能多地打断坐着的时间，”她说)”可推知，我们不要长时间地坐在某个地方不动，应该尽可能多地打断坐着的时间，因为久坐对我们的身体有很大的危害。故答案为We should not sit still for a long time and try to break the sitting time as much as possible, because sitting for a long time does great harm to our health.
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。最近你收到英国好友Jim的来信，得知他和朋友们骑车旅行一周的计划没有得到父母的许可，他感到非常沮丧。请你给Jim写一封回信，内容包括：
1.表示安慰；
2.给出建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t get your parents’ permission to go on a week-long bike trip with your friends. You’re upset and I’d like to give you some comfort and advice.
As far as I’m concerned, the most important thing that you need do now is have a good conversation with your parents, which is beneficial to your relationship. Besides, there is no need for you to be disappointed about this because your parents just want to protect you from potentially dangerous situation.
I hope you will get better in no time.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。最近你收到英国好友Jim的来信，得知他和朋友们骑车旅行一周的计划没有得到父母的许可，他感到非常沮丧。请你给Jim写一封回信，表示安慰，并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
失望的：disappointed/upset→discouraged
建议：advice→suggestion
有益的：beneficial→helpful
此外：besides→in addition
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：You’re upset and I’d like to give you some comfort and advice.
拓展句：Since you’re upset, I’d like to give you some comfort and advice.