模拟卷1——2023年高考英语模拟卷（上海）

【走近高考◆◆预热卷】

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试预热卷01

                    英  语

1. Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. A. On a train. B. On a plane.

C. In a theatre. D. In a restaurant.

2.A. Attending every lecture. B. Doing lots of homework.

C. Reading very extensively. D. Using test-taking strategies.

3. A. She must have paid a lot.

B. She is known to have a terrific figure.

C. Her gym exercise has yielded good results.

D. Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.

4. A. The woman has a natural talent for art.

B. Women have a better artistic taste than men.

C. He isn’t good at abstract thinking.

D. He doesn’t like abstract paintings.

5. A. The woman didn’t sleep very well last night.

B. The man didn’t get enough sleep last night.

C. The man didn’t give useful advice to the woman.

D. The woman was able to climb the mountain.

6. A. Plan his budget carefully. B. Give her more information.

C. Ask someone else for advice. D. Buy a gift for his girlfriend.

7. A. A painter. B. A mechanic.

C. A porter. D. A carpenter.

8. A. She couldn’t have left her notebook in the library.

B. She may have put her notebook amid the journals.

C. She should have made careful notes while reading.

D. She shouldn’t have read his notes without his knowing it.

9. A. He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.

B. He has difficulty understanding the book.

C. He cannot get access to the assigned book.

D. He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.

10. A. Indifferent. B. Doubtful.

C. Pleased. D. Surprised.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11. A. The Asian elephant is easier to tame.

B. The Asian elephant’s skin is more valuable.

C. The Asian elephant is less popular with tourists.

D. The Asian elephant produces ivory of better quality.

12. A. From the captured or tamed elephants.

B. From the British wildlife protection group.

C. From elephant hunters in Thailand and Burma.

D. From tourists visiting the Thai-Burmese border.

13. A. Their taming for circuses and zoos.

B. The destruction of their natural homes.

C. Man’s lack of knowledge about their behavior.

D. Their natural habit of living in small groups.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14. A. Classmates.         B. Colleagues.

C. Boss and secretary.  D. PR representative and client.

15. A. He felt his assignment was tougher than Sue’s.

B. His clients complained about his service.

C. He thought the boss had treated him unfairly.

D. His boss was always finding fault with his work.

16. A. She is unwilling to undertake them.

B. She complains about her bad luck.

C. She always accepts them cheerfully.

D. She takes them on, though reluctantly.

Questions 17 through 20are based on the following passage.

17. A. It has started a week-long promotion campaign.

B. It has just launched its annual anniversary sales.

C. It offers regular weekend sales all the year round.

D. It specializes in the sale of designer dresses.

18. A. Price reductions for its frequent customers.

B. Coupons for customers with bulk purchases.

C. Free delivery of purchases for senior customers.

D. Price adjustments within seven days of purchase.

19. A. Mail a gift card to her.          B. Allow her to buy on credit.

C. Credit it to her account.  D. Give her some coupons.

20. A. Refunding for goods returned.                B. Free installing of appliances.

C. Extended guarantee for goods. D. Free-of-charge tailoring.

2. Grammar and Vocabulary   （每题1分；共20分）

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

It can take a little imagination to see how some innovations might change an economy. Not so with the latest Al tools. It is easy — from a writer’s perspective, uncomfortably so — ____21____(think) of contexts in which something like ChatGPT, a clever chatbot which____22____(take) the web by storm since its release in November 2022, could either dramatically boost a human worker’s productivity or replace them outright. The ChatGPT in its name stands for “generative pre-trained transformer”, ____23____ is a particular kind of language model.

____24____(feed) huge amounts of human-created text, ChatGPT looks for statistical regularities in this data, learns what words and phrases ____25____(associate)with others and therefore predict what words should come next in any given sentence and ____26____ sentences fit together. The result is a machine that can persuasively mimic (模仿) human language.

This capacity ____27____ mimicry allows ChatGPT to write essays and poetry, think up jokes, formulate code, and answer questions whether to a child or an expert. Its performance is so astonishing ____28____ many over the past months have been both celebrating and panicking. “Essays are dead,” wrote the cognitive scientist Tim Kietzmann. Others claim that it will finish off Google as a search engine. And the program ____29____ thinks it may be able to replace humans in jobs from insurance agent to court reporter.

Nevertheless, there is an _____30_____(underlie) problem that faces any form of artificial intelligence. A computer manipulates (处理) symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules with which to transform one string of symbols into another, or to recognize statistical patterns. But it does not specify what those symbols or patterns mean. To a computer, meaning is irrelevant ChatGPT ”knows" what appears meaningful to humans, but not what is meaningful to itself

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.  Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The Mega-City Environment

Mega-cities suffer from a catalog of environmental ills. A World Health Organization(WHO)/United Nations Environment Program(UNEP)study found that seven of the cities-Mexico City, Beijing, Cairo, Jakarta, Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Moscow-had three or more pollutants that____31____ the WHO health protection guidelines. All 20 of the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least one major pollutant that went beyond____32____ health limits.

According to the World Resources Institute, “Millions of children living in the world’s largest cities, particularly in developing countries, are____33____ to life-threatening air pollution two to eight times above the maximum based on WHO guidelines. Indeed, more than 80 percent of all deaths in developing countries____34____ to air pollution-induced lung infections are among children under five.” In the big Asian mega-cities such as New Delhi, Beijing and Jakarta, approximately 20 to 30 percent of all respiratory diseases____35____ from air pollution.

Almost all of the mega-cities face major fresh water challenges. Johannesburg, South Africa, is forced to draw water from highlands 370 miles away. In Bangkok, saltwater is invading aquifers(地下蓄水层). Mexico City has a serious____36____ problem because of excessive groundwater withdrawal.

More than a billion people, 20 percent of the world’s population, live without regular____37____ to clean running water. While poor people are forced to pay high fees for private water, many cities squander their resources through leakages and illegal____38____. “With the population of cities expected to increase to five billion by 2025,” says Klaus Toepfer, executive director of the UNEP, “the urban demand for water is set to increase rapidly. This means that any solution to the water crisis is closely linked to the governance of cities.“

Mega-city residents, crowded into unsanitary slums, are also subject to serious disease outbreaks. Lima, Peru(with population estimated at 9.4 million by 2015)suffered a cholera outbreak in the late 1990s partly because, as the New York Times reported, ”rural people new to Lima...live in houses without running water and use the outhouses(屋外厕所)that____39____ the hillsides above.“

It’s worth looking at some of these_____40_____ mega-cities in detail, because daily life there is likely to be the pattern for a majority of the world’s population. Most are already experiencing severe environmental problems that will only be worsened by rapid population increases.

3. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context

Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.

Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to ___41___ people’s impression of us. Our appearance ___42___ particular significance in the original phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle - class man or woman may be alienated (疏远) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, ___43___ the person’s education, background, or interests.

People tend to ___44___ what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the ___45___ of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they drive or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and ___46___ when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the ___47___ they must wear to play these roles successfully. ___48___, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you ___49___ a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.

In the workplace, men have long had ____50____ dress code and role models for achieving success. It had been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world ____51____ the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” (女性气质的) attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been more ____52____ than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more ____53____ for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming - shorter hair, ____54____ use of make - up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive women is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t ____55____ the job.” We need a change in this regard.

41．A．add to B．deal with C．set aside D．focus on

42．A．assumes B．appreciates C．minimizes D．assesses

43．A．in terms of B．because of C．instead of D．regardless of

44．A．agree on B．count on C．negotiate about D．hesitate about

45．A．specialties B．accomplishments C．characters D．lifestyles

46．A．comfortable B．competent C．sacred D．outgoing

47．A．uniforms B．costumes C．gloves D．pajamas

48．A．Moreover B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise

49．A．imitated B．resisted C．evaluated D．anticipated

50．A．long - lasting B．good - looking C．light - hearted D．well - defined

51．A．are uncertain about B．are distracted from 

C．are keen on                     D．are ashamed of

52．A．consistent B．fashionable C．diversified D．innovated

53．A．critically B．casually C．favourably D．honestly

54．A．frequent B．concrete C．moderate D．heavy

55．A．get B．spare C．survive D．maintain

Section B 

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

 (A)

The World Is Our Classroom

Tonight, our family was going out to play under the full moon.

We first started going on full moon walks for ourselves, because my husband Todd and I, loved them and we needed these little doses of moonlight to stay happy and to function in society. But after we became parents, we did this for our children. We wanted Sierra and Bryce to see that there is much magic in the natural world and that most of it is accessible to anyone. We also wanted to show them that it was not necessary to travel far from home to have an adventure, learn, and experience something new. Nearly every month, our family went into the night to “play” by the full moon.

Once we arrived at our location that evening, Sierra and I stood holding hands, waiting to cheer the full moon in its rising. A thin sliver of the apricot (杏黄色) moon poked above the shape of the Blue Mountain Ridge. Everyone stood up and witnessed its rising. More of the moon came out until it turned into a brilliant orange sphere. Todd explained to Sierra and Bryce that the moon makes no light of its own, but simply acts like a mirror, reflecting the sunlight back to us long after the sun has sunk below the horizon.

“Does the moon’s face change?” Bryce asked. I told him that the moon rotates with the earth, but it does not spin on its axis like the earth does. The same side of the moon is always facing earth. We never see the other side, the far side of the moon. Sierra remarked that the moon looked larger and closer when it was rising. I explained that it is an optical illusion (视错觉) because it is so close to the horizon that the moon tricks our eyes into comparing it with nearby objects to create the impression of increased size.

Much of the knowledge that Todd and I shared with the kids had been learned from our past life experiences. If we did not possess the knowledge to explain and educate, we looked it up, either beforehand to enhance the experience, or afterwards, together, after we wondered and came up with a list of questions.

Sometimes all it takes is going outdoors and gazing up at the heavens.

56．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to?

A．Going on a hike through the forest.

B．Going outdoors to watch full moon.

C．Visiting a museum to learn about space.

D．Traveling far from home to have an adventure.

57．Which of the following statements is true about the children on the family outing?

A．It was a rare chance for them to play under the full moon.

B．They felt forced to watch the moon coming out with their parents.

C．They remained curious and kept digging deeper about the moon.

D．They knew the answers to all the questions put up by their parents.

58．What can we learn from paragraph 5?

A．The author and her husband did not make much effort to teach their children.

B．The author left some questions for the children to get them thinking after each trip.

C．The author and her husband gained all the knowledge from their past experiences.

D．The author and her husband sometimes looked up information in advance to better educate their children.

59．Choose the best sentence to complete the last paragraph.

A．As we stared up at the sky, a brilliant shooting star raced across the sky.

B．Families have to spend a ton of money on entertainment in order to have fun and learn.

C．Opportunities to seek magical experiences and learning is right in your neighborhood.

D．The wonder state often occurs when you don’t quite understand what or why something is.

 (B)

What is a TEDx event?

TEDx brings the spirit of TED’s mission of “ideas worth spreading” to local communities around the globe. A TEDx event is a local gathering where live TED-like talks and videos previously recorded at TED conferences are shared with a community. TEDx events are fully planned and coordinated independently, on a community-by-community basis. All TEDx events present multiple issues and a diversity of voices from many disciplines. After all, what’s the fun without a little variety?

If you want to organize a TEDx event, you’ll need to apply for a TEDx license. No one is qualified to organize an event without being granted a license by TED．

So you want to organize a TEDx event?

Before you start, you should know the TEDx rules, which are non-negotiable and mandatory.

※ We value and welcome young organizers. However, if you’re under 18, you must be supervised by an adult.※ TED allocates one location-based license series per application. Your TEDx event must happen in the city for which you received the license.

※ Your event must maintain the spirit of TED itself: focused on the power of ideas to change attitudes or lives. Your event may not exceed one day in length.

※ Up to 100 individuals may attend your event. Only those who have attended an official TED conference may organize an event with more than 100 attendees. Even those who have attended one or multiple TEDx events or TEDWomen are not qualified.

※ TEDx events are named after locations, such as cities, neighborhoods, streets etc., and aim to serve that named community. Event names must comply with the guideline for naming your event.

※ A TEDx event is not a platform for professional speakers. Its purpose is to give a platform to those who don’t often have one.※ A TEDx event cannot be used to raise money, not even for a charity.

※ A TEDx event can’t be co-branded with an institution except under specific license types – for a college or university, or for internal events (for corporations and organizations).

※ TEDx events may not be used to promote spiritual or religious beliefs, commercial products or any kind of political agenda.

※ Every TEDx event either shows only TED Talk videos to its audience or shows both TED Talk videos and live speakers from the community. For events less than half a day in length, two TED Talks videos are required to be shown. For longer events, 25% of the total number of talks must be official TED Talk videos.

60．What do we know from the first part of the passage?

A．TEDx speeches should follow a single topic principle.

B．TED organization is not responsible for TEDx events.

C．TEDx is TED-like but it is operated independently.

D．TEDx is based upon prerecorded TED talks.

61．According to the General rules, a TEDx event organizer should ________.

A．name the event after locations

B．host the event in different cities

C．extend the event to one day

D．hold a TED event first

62．Which of the following people may be allowed to make a TEDx speech?

A．A professional speaker who wants to motivate people with success stories.

B．A college student who wants to advocate the use of green and renewable energy.

C．A member of a volunteer group who wants to collect money for the war victims.

D．A CEO in a high-tech industry who wants to popularize its newest product.

 (C)

More than a score of Australian rare mammals have been killed by wild cats. These predator(扑食者), which arrived with European settlers, still threaten native wildlife-and are too plentiful on the mainland to eliminate, as has been achieved on some small islands which were previously filled with them. But Alexandra Ross of the University of New South Wales thinks she has come up with a different way to deal with the problem. As she writes in a paper in the Journal of Applied Ecology, she is giving feline(猫科的)-awareness lessons to wild animals involved in her introduction programs, in order to try to make them cat-conscious.

Many Australian mammals, though not actually extinct, are restricted to fragments of cat-free habitat. This will, however, put the forced migrants back in the sights of the cats that caused the problem in the first place. Training the migrants while they are in captivity, using stuffed models and the sorts of sounds made by cats, has proved expensive and ineffective. Ms Ross therefore wondered whether putting them in large natural enclosures with a scattering of predators might serve as a form of training camp to prepare them for introduction into their new, cat-ridden homes.

She tested this idea on a type of bandicoot(袋狸)that superficially resembles a rabbit. She and her colleagues raised two hundred bandicoots in a huge enclosure that also contained five wild cats. As a control, she raised a nearly identical population in a similar enclosure without the cats. She left animals to get on with life for two years, which, given that bandicoots breed four times a year and live for around eight years, was a considerable period for them. After some predation(扑食)and probably some learning, she abstracted 21 bandicoot from each enclosure, attached radio transmitters to them and released them into a third enclosure that had ten hungry cats in it. She then monitored what happened next. The outcome was that the training worked. Over the subsequent 40 days ten of the untrained animals were eaten by cats, but only four of the trained ones. One particular behavioral difference she noticed was that bandicoots brought up in a predator-free environment were much more likely to sleep alone than were those brought up around cats. And when are around, sleeping alone is dangerous. How well bandicoots that have undergone this extreme training will survive in the wild remains to be seen. But Ms Ross has at least prov reason for hope.

63．What can be learned from the first paragraph?

A．The feline-awareness lessons have proved ineffective.

B．There are too many wild cats to be killed in Australia.

C．Different ways have been tried to hunt and kill wildlife.

D．Native wildlife has been threatened by growing population

64．The forced migrants in the second paragraph refer to_______

A．Australian mammals restricted to certain areas

B．The wild cats tracking down the mammals

C．Wild animals involved in the program

D．The predators captured by the animal trainers

65．Which of the following is TRUE about the first two enclosures?

A．They were both closely monitored.

B．They had 200 bandicoots in total.

C．They had similar natural environment.

D．They both had wild cats in them.

66．What was the finding of Ms Ross’ research project?

A．Untrained bandicoots failed to identify cats.

B．Training bandicoots prepared them to fight cats.

C．Sleeping alone in the wild was dangerous.

D．Bandicoots could be trained to avoid predators.

Section C

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.

The Look of Trust

A few years ago, the scientists Claudia Townsend at the University of Miami and Suzanne Shu at UCLA Anderson School of Management conducted a simple investigation into how aesthetics (美学) influence our investment decisions.

They randomly assigned 255 students to receive an annual corporate report. One of these reports was aesthetically pleasing — it had high-quality images and a clear layout. The other report was far less attractive. After leafing through these two reports — both of which contained the exact same factual information — the subjects were asked to estimate the lowest acceptable selling price for shares of the company. ____67____

If investors were rational agents, then the look of the report shouldn’t have mattered — they should be responding only to its content. ____68____ Townsend and Shu found that subjects given the prettier document insisted on an average selling price of $327.01 per share. Those shown less pretty document, meanwhile, concluded that the company’s shares were worth only $162.41. This research suggests that the design of the annual report can significantly influence our sense of value.

____69____ In recent years, scientists have also looked at how aesthetics impacts our perceptions of trust. Do we find prettier Web sites more trustworthy? There’s no logical reason why that would be the case, of course, but the human mind is full of illogical peculiarity. ____70____ In a paper, researchers showed that our first impressions of a Web site — they showed subjects screen shots for fifty milliseconds, which is too fast for conscious awareness — shaped our subsequent sense of trustworthiness.

IV.Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Absent-mindedness

“Most events of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention,” says Dr. Daniel Schacter, a distinguished psychologist and memory scientist. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.”

“Encoding,” Schacter explains, “is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.” Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket of a jacket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget where exactly you put your mobile phone. Your memory itself isn’t failing you. Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.

As many people accept, women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Yes, visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness. But be sure the cue is clear and available. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox,” says Zelinski, a scientist from New York University. There are many cases in life where women can remember prices of bags of different brands while they tend to forget the specific place where they put their bags.

71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)

Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets

72．这些路边咖啡店都有各自的回头客。(own)

73．网上信息参差不齐，有些只是为了博眼球而夸大其词。(which)

74．经过三个月的翻新，报告厅配备了一流的视听设备，焕然一新。(take on)

75．与同类产品相比，这款产品实现了体积更小、重量更轻、功能更全、精度更高的目标。(achieve)

VI.Guided Writing  (共25分)

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese

假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近英国朋友Bill发来邮件，说想学中文，有两种课程二选一，请你推荐一个。内容包括：

1. 你的推荐

2. 通过比较说明理由

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