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这是一份模拟卷1——2023年高考英语模拟卷（北京），文件包含模拟卷12023年高考英语模拟卷解析版北京docx、模拟卷12023年高考英语模拟卷试题版北京docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共34页， 欢迎下载使用。
【走近高考◆◆预热卷】
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试预热卷01
英 语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I am never good at public speaking. Every time I was involved in a group project, I would always volunteer to be any role but the presenter. So, when my partner Emily offered to be the ____1____ of our project, I was overjoyed.
Unfortunately, on the presentation day, Emily fell ill badly. She had to stay home to rest. I was worried that she may ____2____ the presentation, so I called her. As I spoke to her on the phone, it became apparent that I had to step up and present our project. I was filled with ____3____. By the time I hung up the phone, I could hardly breathe.
I had no ____4____ but to make an alternative plan. I tried to ____5____ my nervousness and focus on the task at hand. Pulling out a piece of paper, I wrote whatever I could remember on it with great urgency.
With that piece of paper, I stood outside the classroom door, waiting for my turn. I tried to be calm, but as time passed by, ____6____ went through me and the waiting area seemed too small for me to ____7____. When my name was called, I broke out into a cold sweat.
In front of the judges, my hands failed in their attempts to remain ____8____. All the while, my voice and hands were shaking. I tried to take shallow breaths and I felt I would fall apart anytime. Somehow, I ____9____ to go through the entire presentation and deliver my speech as planned. ____10____ my fear was not as hard as it seemed, and my alternative plan proved to be a success.
1．A．recorder B．speaker C．designer D．organizer
2．A．change B．give C．analyze D．miss
3．A．relief B．excitement C．anxiety D．shame
4．A．resource B．worry C．chance D．choice
5．A．push aside B．let out C．hide behind D．hold onto
6．A．sadness B．fear C．anger D．guilt
7．A．rest B．cry C．breathe D．sigh
8．A．steady B．flexible C．gentle D．strong
9．A．pretended B．expected C．refused D．managed
10．A．Understanding B．Overcoming C．Admitting D．Expressing
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者克服恐惧完成演讲的经历。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，当我的搭档Emily提出要做我们项目的发言人时，我欣喜若狂。A. recorder记录员；B. speaker发言人；C. designer设计者；D. organizer组织者。根据上文“I would always volunteer to be any role but the presenter(除了发言人，我总是自愿担任任何角色)”及空后“I was overjoyed”可知，作者不愿意担任发言人，所以此处指当Emily提出要做发言人时，作者欣喜若狂，故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我担心她会错过演讲，所以我给她打了电话。A. change改变；B. give给；C. analyze分析；D. miss错过。根据“She had to stay home to rest.(她必须在家休息)”可知，Emily生病在家休息，作者担心她会错过演讲，所以给她打电话，故选D。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我充满了焦虑。A. relief宽慰；B. excitement激动，兴奋；C. anxiety焦虑；D. shame羞耻。根据“By the time I hung up the phone, I could hardly breathe.(当我挂断电话时，我几乎无法呼吸)”及语境可知，作者要做发言人，所以很焦虑，故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我别无选择，只好另作打算。A. resource资源；B. worry担忧；C. chance机会；D. choice选择。根据语境可知，Emily生病无法担任发言人，所以作者别无选择，只能自己去克服恐惧担任发言人，故选D。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我努力不去想我有多紧张，把注意力集中在手头的工作上。A. push aside不去想，不考虑；B. let out释放；C. hide behind 躲在……后面；D. hold onto坚持不懈。根据“focus on the task at hand”可知，作者努力不去想自己有多紧张，而是把集中注意力在工作上，故选A。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我努力让自己冷静下来，但随着时间的流逝，恐惧笼罩着我，等候区似乎太小了，我无法呼吸。A. sadness悲伤；B. fear害怕，恐惧；C. anger生气；D. guilt内疚。根据语境及文章最后一句“ ____10____ my fear was not as hard as it seemed”可知，作者很害怕，故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. rest休息；B. cry哭泣；C. breathe呼吸；D. sigh叹气。根据空前“the waiting area seemed too small”可知，由于作者极度紧张，所以等待室对作者来说太小了，喘不过气，故选C。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在裁判面前，我的手没能保持稳定。A. steady稳定的；B. flexible灵活的；C. gentle温柔的；D. strong强壮的。根据下一句“All the while, my voice and hands were shaking.(我的声音和手一直在颤抖)”可知，作者的手一直抖，无法保持稳定，故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知怎的，我设法完成了整个演示，并按计划发表了我的演讲。A. pretended假装；B. expected期待；C. refused拒绝；D. managed设法做到。根据“deliver my speech as planned”可知，作者如期完成演讲，manage to do sth设法完成某事，故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：克服我的恐惧并不像看起来那么难，我的替代计划被证明是成功的。A. Understanding理解；B. Overcoming克服；C. Admitting承认；D. Expressing表达。根据“and my alternative plan proved to be a success”可知，作者克服了恐惧，成功完成演讲，故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Smoke jumpers are firefighters, trained to fight fires in places that fire engines can’t reach. They travel in small planes and, ____11____(use) a parachute, jump into remote wild areas to fight fires. Smoke jumpers have to respond quickly. While a fire is still small, the pilot ____12____(drop) team members into the area as needed. Their first job may be to build a fire line to stop the fire from spreading. Water is sent down to them. Smoke jumpers must be ____13____(high) trained, very experienced and extremely fit. Their job is very dangerous.
【答案】11．using 12．drops/will drop 13．highly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了跳伞灭火工作人员的工作方式，内容和条件。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们乘坐小型飞机旅行，并使用降落伞跳入偏远的荒野地区灭火。分析句子成分可知，本句的谓语动词为“travel”和“jump”，连词为“and”，故提示词应为非谓语动词。照应主语“They”，为逻辑上的主动关系，故用doing形式作方式状语。故填using。
12．考查谓语动词。句意：当火势还很小时，飞行员会根据需要将队员空投到该地区。分析句子成分可知，本句为“While”引导的时间状语从句，主将从现，故主句应用一般将来时。另外，本句也可理解为客观描述，可用一般现在时。故填drops/will drop。
13．考查副词。句意：跳伞灭火员必须训练有素，非常有经验和非常健康。根据空前后为谓语动词“must be trained”可知，应为副词修饰动词。故填highly。
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Before the award ceremony began, several famous actors and actresses graced the red carpet, as fans were____14____(eager)waiting for their arrival. Many wondered who____15____(take) home the big awards. As the night went on, the tension grew, and the audience held their breath as the winners were announced one by one. All the winners were glorious when they stepped onto the stage____16____they accepted their awards and thanked their colleagues, families, and fans for their support.
【答案】14．eagerly 15．would take 16．where
【导语】这是一篇说明文。颁奖典礼开始前，几位著名的男女演员走上了红毯，粉丝们热切地等待着他们的到来。许多人都想知道谁会捧回大奖。随着晚会的进行，气氛越来越紧张，当获奖者一个个被宣布时，观众们都屏住了呼吸。当所有的获奖者走上舞台领奖并感谢他们的同事、家人和粉丝的支持时，他们都很辉煌。
14．考查副词。句意：颁奖典礼开始前，几位著名的男女演员走上了红毯，粉丝们热切地等待着他们的到来。修饰动词wait应用副词eagerly，故填eagerly。
15．考查时态。句意：许多人都想知道谁会捧回大奖。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，而从句陈述的动作还未发生，故此处为过去将来时，故填would take。
16．考查定语从句。句意：当所有的获奖者走上舞台领奖并感谢他们的同事、家人和粉丝的支持时，他们都很辉煌。定语从句修饰先行词stage，从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
“Conventional wisdom tells us that we can feel happier if we smile or that we can get ourselves ____17____ a more serious mood if we scowl(怒视),” said Nicholas Coles, a PhD at Utah University. His team combined data from 138 studies testing more than 11,000 participants and found facial ____18____(express) do have impact on feelings. For example, smiling makes people happier, scowling makes them feel angrier, and frowning makes them ____19____(sad). These finding are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and body interact ____20____(influence) our conscious experience of emotion.
【答案】17．in 18．expressions 19．sadder 20．to influence
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现面部表情对情绪有影响。
17．考查介词。句意：犹他大学的尼古拉斯·科尔斯博士说:“传统观念告诉我们，微笑会让我们感到更快乐，皱眉会让我们的心情更严肃。”in a more serious mood为固定短语，意为“处于更严肃的情绪”。故填in。
18．考查名词。句意：他的团队综合了对1.1万多名参与者进行的138项研究的数据，发现面部表情确实对情绪有影响。分析句子可知，“facial 2 (express) do have impact on feelings”是宾语从句，提示词是从句中主语，应用名词expression作主语，结合谓语中助动词do可知，主语是复数名词。故填expressions。
19．考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，微笑让人更快乐，皱眉让人更生气，皱眉让人更悲伤。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，且空处和happier，angrier并列，空处需填形容词比较级作宾语补足语。故填sadder。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些发现令人兴奋，因为它们提供了一个线索，说明大脑和身体是如何相互作用，影响我们对情感的有意识体验的。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to influence。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Speciality Museums in Europe
National Railway Museum, York
Home to locomotives(火车头)and a collection of engineering brilliance, we celebrate the past, present and future of innovation on the railways. Immerse yourself in stories from centuries of railway history and explore a million railway-related objects to know the importance of it during times of war.
Opening hours: Wednesday-Sunday 10:00 AM-5:00 PM
FREE ENTRY
Maritime Museum, Jersey
You can’t fail to enjoy the Island’s shipbuilding past with songs and stories of the sea. Full of interacting items experience life aboard ship in a cabin. Lots to open, press, turn and even design a ship by yourself. Then follow the story of Jersey’s seafood, beach and seaside entertainment.
Opening hours: Daily 10:00 AM-5:00 PM
Admission: $40 per adult; $25 per child(6-18 years).
Anne Frank House, Amsterdam
The Anne Frank House is a museum dedicated to Jewish wartime diarist Anne Frank. As a visitor, you experience this story through an audio tour, quotes, photos, videos, and original items.
Opening hours: Daily 9:00 AM-10:00 PM
Admission: $30 per adult/youth; $25 per child(4-12 years)
Vasa Museum, Stockholm
The Vasa ship capsized and sank on its first voyage in 1628. After 333 years on the seabed the mighty warship was recovered and put into the museum. The story of the king’s beautiful, yet terrifying ship fascinates people of all ages.
Opening hours: Daily 10:00 AM-5:00 PM
Admission: $38. Free entry for children.
21．How much should a couple with their two kids, aged 3 and 11, pay for admission to Anne Frank House?
A．$55. B．$85. C．$90. D．$115.
22．What do Vasa Museum and National Railway Museum have in common?
A．They display collections of military products.
B．They are open to the public every day.
C．They tell historical stories about the transport.
D．They charge children a discounted price.
23．Where should visitors go if they want to gain more hands—on experience?
A．Anne Frank House. B．Vasa Museum.
C．National Railway Museum. D．Maritime Museum.
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了要介绍欧洲的特色博物馆。
21．细节理解题。根据文章Anne Frank House部分“Admission: $30 per adult/youth; $25 per child(4-12 years) (门票：成人/青年每人30美元，每个儿童25美元(4-12岁))”可知，一对夫妻60美元，11岁的孩子25美元， 3岁的孩子免费，总共加起来85美元。一对夫妇带着他们的两个孩子，一个3岁，一个11岁，应该支付85美元才能进入安妮·弗兰克故居，故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据文章National Railway Museum部分“You can’t fail to enjoy the Island’s shipbuilding past with songs and stories of the sea. (伴随着大海的歌声和故事，你一定会欣赏到岛上造船的历史。)”以及文章Vasa Museum部分“The story of the king’s beautiful, yet terrifying ship fascinates people of all ages. (国王那艘美丽而恐怖的船的故事令各个年龄段的人着迷。)”可知，这两个博物馆都讲述了关于交通工具的历史故事所以Vasa博物馆和国家铁路博物馆的共同点是他们讲述有关交通的历史故事，故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据文章Maritime Museum, Jersey部分“Lots to open, press, turn and even design a ship by yourself. (有很多东西可以打开、按下、转动，甚至可以自己设计一艘船。)”可知，如果游客想获得更多的动手体验，他们应该去海事博物馆，故选D。
B
For the past three decades, Richard Sears, aged 71, has been dedicated to one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.
His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972, when he was 22, majoring in physics at Portland State University in Oregon. “I realized only 7 percent of the world speak English as a mother tongue. I wondered what it was like to speak another language.” By 1990, Sears was already a fluent Chinese speaker, but did not know how to read. To Sears, the characters were complex with many strokes(笔画)and almost no apparent logic.
“I am a physicist, so I don’t like blind memorization in learning languages. I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs(象形文字)and I wanted to know the stories behind them.” In the process of the study, Sears soon realized that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. To pick out the good ones, he decided to computerize the characters, and then scanned about 96,000 ancient characters.
The database of ancient characters came into being, but he wanted to explain the step-by-step evolvement of these characters from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms. He then got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology(词源), where viewers can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms. Between 2002 and 2011, the website would get 11,000 or 15,000 hits a day. Suddenly, in January 2011,clicks to the website went up to 600,000 within one day. Overnight he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname given by Chinese netizens, after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media.
Besides the website, in September last year, Sears set up his studio, focusing on applying AR, animation and artificial intelligence to telling stories of Chinese culture and character origins, in Nanjing as part of the local authority’s plan to cultivate talent in the culture sector. “They have both entertainment value for the young and educational value and can teach the origins of Chinese characters. We also want to make videos with a high educational value for other platforms for Chinese and foreign learners of Chinese characters.” Sears says.
24．What do we know about Richard Sears?
A．He has made an exploration into Chinese characters.
B．He learned Chinese to improve his physics.
C．He was fluent in reading Chinese from the beginning.
D．He was concerned about the spread of his mother tongue.
25．What does the underlined word “ones” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Characters.
B．Explanations.
C．Pictographs.
D．Languages.
26．What can be inferred about Sears’ website?
A．It gained popularity shortly after its establishment.
B．It has made a big profit from netizens visiting it.
C．It concentrates on the simplification of Chinese characters.
D．It bridges the evolvement of Chinese characters to the public.
27．Which of the following best describes Richard Sears?
A．Ambitious and humorous. B．Wise but careless.
C．Enthusiastic and devoted. D．Generous but stubborn.
【答案】24．A 25．B 26．D 27．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了71岁的Richard Sears专注于研究汉字背后的故事。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“For the past three decades, Richard Sears, aged 71, has been dedicated to one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.(在过去的三十年里，71岁的Richard Sear一直致力于一件事：讲述中国汉字背后的故事。)”可知，Richard Sears对汉字进行了探索。故选A。
25．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子前句“In the process of the study, Sears soon realized that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. (在研究过程中，Sears很快意识到许多解释不可能是真的。)”和画线单词所在句子“To pick out the good ones, he decided to computerize the characters, and then scanned about 96,000 ancient characters.(为了挑出好的ones，他决定将这些文字电脑化，然后扫描了大约96,000个古文字。)”可知，在研究的过程中，Sears发现好多解释不是真的，于是他为了挑选好的解释，决定将这些文章电脑化，由此可推知，ones代指上文提到的“解释”，故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He then got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology(词源), where viewers can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms.(2002年，他建立了自己的网站，并将其命名为“汉语词源学”。在这个网站上，观众可以免费查看各种形式的汉字演变情况。)”可推知，Sears的网站将汉字的演变与公众联系起来，即把汉字的演变带给了大众。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“For the past three decades, Richard Sears, aged 71, has been dedicated to one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.(在过去的三十年里，71岁的Richard Sear一直致力于一件事：讲述中国汉字背后的故事。)”和第四段中“He then got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology(词源), where viewers can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms.(2002年，他建立了自己的网站，并将其命名为“汉语词源学”。在这个网站上，观众可以免费查看各种形式的汉字演变情况。)”可知，Richard Sears一直专注于研究汉字背后的故事，并致力于建立自己的网站，由此可推知，他是一个富有热情且乐于奉献的人，故选C。
C
Making use of the wind, the water or, for more than half of all plant species, animals, plants disperse (散播) seeds far and wide. Frugivores — animals such as gibbons that feed on the fleshy fruits of plants — eat and then excrete (排泄) seeds away from the original tree. The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.
Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.
Evan Fricke, lead author of the study, explains that in order to reach these results, they pulled together existing data from all previous studies and used machine learning to develop models that could estimate the seed dispersal potential of any animal, even ones that are now extinct.
The researchers found that, historically, the decline of seed-dispersing animals has had the greatest influence on plants across the temperate (温带的) regions of North and South America, Europe and southern Australia. “Our temperate ecosystems have lost a lot of the natural seed-dispersal function that they would have had.” explains Fricke, referring to large mammals that were once widespread in these regions.
Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent. “The direct implication of this decline is that many plant species will be unable to keep pace with a changing climate,” says Fricke. “That means the potential loss not only of plant biodiversity but of the ecosystem functions that those plants provide.”
As wildlife is lost, plants can no longer adapt and survive and forests become less sustainable, which reduces the amount of carbon they can store. They also lose their ability to support wildlife. Whole ecosystems are disrupted. The conclusion, Fricke says, is clear: we must conserve currently endangered species and restore the populations of important seed dispersers. “Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.
28．The author mentions the African savanna elephant in Paragraph 1 is to ________.
A．highlight the problem B．predict the ending
C．express an opinion D．provide a solution
29．What does Fricke conclude from the study?
A．plants disperse seeds by way of animals excreting them.
B．rewilding can promote the climate resilience of our ecosystems.
C．seed-dispersing animals could hardly affect the natural ecosystems.
D．the loss of seed-dispersing animals has little influence on temperate regions.
30．Which would be the best title of the passage?
A．The Resilience of Ecosystems
B．The Conservation of Seed-dispersing Animals
C．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Essential — And Under Threat
D．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Endangered — And Well Protected
【答案】28．A 29．B 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究讲述了传播种子的动物是必不可少的，对生态系统有益，但是这些动物目前处于危险中。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.(非洲热带草原大象可以携带种子长到65公里。这种改变地理范围的能力对植物对气候变化的生存至关重要。然而，就像所有的长臂猿物种一样，非洲热带稀树草原象也濒临灭绝，它的数量在过去的50年里减少了60%)”和第二段内容“Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.(丹麦和美国的研究人员发表了一项新的研究，研究了种子传播动物的丢失如何影响森林和其他自然生态系统的恢复力。根据他们的研究，这种损失已经使植物适应气候变化的能力下降了60%，在一些地区降低了95%)”可知，非洲热带稀树草原象可以长距离携带植物种子，改变地理范围，但是目前濒临灭绝，第二段讲述了研究表明种子传播动物的丢失影响森林和其他自然生态系统的恢复力，使得植物适应气候变化的能力下降。由此推知，提到非洲热带草原象是为了强调问题。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据最后一段的““Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.(“不受气候变化的影响，野生化有可能有利于我们的生态系统，但在气候变化中，它的好处是提高这些生态系统的气候恢复力，”他说)”可知，Fricke从研究中得出野生化可以促进我们的生态系统的气候恢复力。故选B。
30．主旨大意题。第二段内容“Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.(丹麦和美国的研究人员发表了一项新的研究，研究了种子传播动物的丢失如何影响森林和其他自然生态系统的恢复力。根据他们的研究，这种损失已经使植物适应气候变化的能力下降了60%，在一些地区降低了95%)”和第四段的“Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent.(然而，如今许多散布种子的热带动物的保护状况不佳，使东南亚和马达加斯加等地区的植物处于危险中。如果不保护这类动物，全球的种子传播可能会进一步下降15%)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述传播种子的动物是必不可少的，对生态系统有益，但是这些动物目前处于危险中。由此可知，C项“传播种子的动物是必不可少的——受到威胁”为最佳标题。故选C。
D
The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century. The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.
Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture, the environment, during the organism’s life. Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime, but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring (后代). For the Geneticists, they believe that our lives are entirely determined by genetics, which is nature. An opposing view is that there is no indication that genes (基因) determines one’s personality, rather there is growing evidence that nurture serves as the determining factor in personality development.
Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth. When applied to human beings, it means how the person is raised, which includes nutrition, education, care, as well as the kind of surroundings, such as cultural influence, family and friends.
The argument of nature and nurture as to which is more important is necessitated by an attempt to differentiate how much effect genetics has on a person’s development against how easily humans are influenced by one’s environment.
While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one’s personality, nature dramatically outweighs nurture, for nature can be likened to a foundation. The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied. However, nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance. Even without nurture, the nature impact can still stand independently without necessarily causing destruction. More so, even when the nurture impact is successfully effected, it does not remove the genetic characteristics of a person. It therefore stands correctly that nature is that which determines the substance of a person.
31．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Nature’s role is supported by additional evidence.
B．Personality development is determined by nurture.
C．Nature impacts gene expression in later generation.
D．Environment shapes personality more than genetics.
32．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．What nurture means to human beings.
B．How living things develop after birth.
C．How nurture shapes human development.
D．How surroundings influence human beings.
33．How does the author stress the greater importance of nature?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making contrast.
C．By conducting experiments.
D．By citing research data.
34．What is the best title for the text?
A．A Long Story of Nature and Nurture
B．A New Research on Nature and Nurture
C．Who Can Tell What Makes Who We Are?
D．Which Is More Important, Nature or Nurture?
【答案】31．C 32．A 33．B 34．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是比较的主题。文章论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture, the environment, during the organism’s life. Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime, but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring (后代). (在有机体的一生中，先天为有机体提供了与滋养、环境相互作用的起点。先天不仅会影响一个生物体的一生，还会直接影响其后代的基因表达)”可知，先天影响后代的基因表达。故选C。
32．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth. When applied to human beings, it means how the person is raised, which includes nutrition, education, care, as well as the kind of surroundings, such as cultural influence, family and friends.(后天指的是生物出生后生长发育的条件。当应用于人类时，它指的是一个人是如何成长的，包括营养、教育、照顾，以及环境的类型，如文化影响、家庭和朋友)”可知，第三段主要讨论了后天对人类意味着什么。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one’s personality, nature dramatically outweighs nurture, for nature can be likened to a foundation. The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied. However, nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance.(不可否认，后天培养在一个人的个性成长和发展中起着一定的作用，但先天的作用远远超过后天培养，因为先天可以被比作基础。后天对人的发展的影响是不能完全否认的。然而，先天被认为是最重要的，因为它提供了一个机会，创造了一个基础，为后天问题的出现提供了基础)”可推知，作者通过对比强调了先天的重要性。故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century. The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.(先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是比较的主题。争论的核心问题是，究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们)”及下文论述可知，文章主要论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。由此可知，Which Is More Important, Nature or Nurture?(先天和后天，哪个更重要？)适合作文章最佳标题。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Looking back at my younger years, I am sometimes amazed at how life has turned out. Nothing is exactly what I had originally planned for. If I could go back in time and hang out with my younger self for a day,____35____
Everything happens for a reason. Without mistakes and failure, you would never have learned.____36____. Once you understand this, you will know that everything comes in to serve a purpose. So don’t stress or think that life is unfair.
____37____.You can have it all but not all at once. It is not surprising that many of us are doing too many things at once. We need to make ends meet. But if you are working three jobs at a time, it is not likely that you will succeed at any of them. You have to keep your eyes on the big picture. Achieve your goals one by one.
You can plan ahead, but your plan will definitely change when the time comes. You can plan ahead because sometimes planning ahead can give you a clearer direction of where you want to go.____38____
It’s okay to be unsure about your purpose in life. You might be graduating or have hit a turning point with your career. You might feel a bit lost and unsure of where to go._____39_____Go out there and try as many different things as you can. Don’t ever feel like you’ re wasting your time. Enjoy the journey. Don’t rush. Every little path will lead you somewhere. And looking back, you will be able to connect the dots. It will all make sense.
A．It’s okay.
B．I would give her some tips.
C．Focus on one thing at a time.
D．Without pain, you would never have grown.
E．If you don’t suffer pain, you will never grow.
F．Please make sure you make preparations in advance.
G．However, plans will almost always change, so be prepared!
【答案】35．B 36．D 37．C 38．G 39．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了年长的作者想给年轻时的自己的一些忠告。
35．根据上文“If I could go back in time and hang out with my younger self for a day,(如果我能回到过去，和年轻时的自己呆上一天，)”及下文可知，这里句子功能主要是启下，即自己想给自己几点忠告。所以选择项B“I would give her some tips.( 我会给她一些建议。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
36．根据上文“Without mistakes and failure, you would never have learned.(没有错误和失败，你就不会学到东西。)”可知，前后句式应该一致，只有从失败和痛苦中才能学习和成长。所以选择项D“Without pain, you would never have grown. (没有痛苦，你就不会成长。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
37．根据下文，尤其是最后一句话“Achieve your goals one by one.(一个一个地实现你的目标。)”可知，作者希望年轻时的自己做事时能一件一件完成。所以选择项C“Focus on one thing at a time. (一次只关注一件事。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
38．根据本段首句“You can plan ahead, but your plan will definitely change when the time comes.(你可以提前计划，但你的计划肯定会随着时间的推移而改变。)”可知，要预想到计划可能会发生变化，所以用做好准备。所以选择项G“However, plans will almost always change, so be prepared! (然而，计划几乎总是会改变，所以要做好准备!)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
39．根据本段首句“It’s okay to be unsure about your purpose in life.(不确定自己的人生目标是正常的。)”可知，此空呼应段首句，没有确定人生目标没有关系。所以选择项A“It’s okay. (没关系。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。
Once upon a time, the family dining table would be set with a simple cloth each night. Plates, forks, and spoons would be laid out. As dinner time approached, an increasing number of hungry mouths would begin to appear with the question, “What’s for dinner?”
Now the situation is different. Where did your family eat dinner last night? In the car on the way to sports? At McDonald’s? Or at the dinner table? A survey taken a few years ago found that 28% families ate dinner together at home seven nights a week. Another quarter said they ate together three or fewer nights a week.
What accounts for this decline in families eating together today though? The data seems to point to two main issues: overworked parents and over- scheduled children. When mum or dad does get home in the evening, they are soon in the car again to send the children to soccer, music, tutoring, and a host of other events.
This nightly ceremony around the dinner table is what keeps a family together. Sure, the conversation is not always significant, and children argue. And sometimes the deepest and most meaningful times in a family are not at the table at all. However, there is still something unique about the time a family spends around the dinner table. The dinner table is the place where a family builds an identity. Stories are passed down, jokes are exchanged, and the wider world is examined through the lens (镜头) of a family’s values. Children pick up vocabulary and a sense of how a conversation is structured. Dinner time is “family time”. Coming back daily to the same place helps gain familiarity.
The significance of dinner time is more than the above. Studies show that the more families eat together, the less likely the children are to smoke, drink, and develop eating disorders, and the more likely they are to do well in school and learn how to socialize. One professor at Rutgers University in New Jersey stated, “A meal is about civilizing children. It’s a time to teach them to be a member of their culture.”
So start by planning some stay-at-home family dinners together. Just family talk.
40．Where did people usually have dinner in the past?
______________________________________________________
41．What causes the decline in families eating together?
______________________________________________________
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
ØIf families eat together more often, children will be more likely to do well in school and learn how to socialize, and will not have bad habits or eating disorders at all.
______________________________________________________
43．Apart from having family dinners together, what other way(s) can you think of to keep a family together? (In about 40 words)
______________________________________________________
【答案】40．People usually had dinner with their families at home/at dinner table in the past. 41．Overworked parents and over-scheduled children cause the decline in families eating together. 42．If families eat together more often, children will be more likely to do well in school and learn how to socialize, and will not have bad habits or eating disorders at all.
According to the passage, the more families eat together, the less likely the children will smoke, drink and develop eating disorders, instead of not having these problems at all. 43．Organizing family sports days can also bring families together. We can not only enjoy the company of our families, but also enjoy the fun brought by sports. In addition, children can also learn the sense of competition.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。现在家人们在一起吃晚餐的时间越来越少，但研究表明家人共进晚餐有很多好处，因此呼吁人们进行家庭聚餐。
40．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Once upon a time, the family dining table would be set with a simple cloth each night.(从前，家庭餐桌每晚都会用一块简单的布来摆放)”可知，以前人们通常在家里和家人一起共进晚餐。故答案为：People usually had dinner with their families at home/at dinner table in the past.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段的“What accounts for this decline in families eating together today though? The data seems to point to two main issues: overworked parents and over- scheduled children.(那么，是什么导致了如今家庭聚餐的减少呢?数据似乎指向两个主要问题:过度劳累的父母和过度安排的孩子)”可知，过度疲劳的父母和过度安排的孩子导致家庭聚餐减少。故答案为：Overworked parents and over-scheduled children cause the decline in families eating together.
42．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Studies show that the more families eat together, the less likely the children are to smoke, drink, and develop eating disorders, and the more likely they are to do well in school and learn how to socialize(研究表明，家庭成员在一起吃饭的次数越多，孩子吸烟、酗酒和饮食失调的可能性就越小，他们在学校的表现就越好，也就越有可能学会如何社交)”可知，家庭成员在一起吃饭的次数越多，孩子吸烟、酗酒和饮食失调的可能性就越小，他们在学校的表现就越好。而句中“will not have bad habits or eating disorders at all.(不会有坏习惯或饮食失调)”文章没有提到。故答案为:If families eat together more often, children will be more likely to do well in school and learn how to socialize, and will not have bad habits or eating disorders at all. According to the passage, the more families eat together, the less likely the children will smoke, drink and develop eating disorders, instead of not having these problems at all.
43．开放性问题。答案言之有理即可，注意字数。例如：Organizing family sports days can also bring families together. We can not only enjoy the company of our families, but also enjoy the fun brought by sports. In addition, children can also learn the sense of competition.
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你正在组建与英语学习相关的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你校交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 介绍研究的具体内容和意义；
2. 说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：研究性学习 research-based learning
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
(1)
Dear Jim,
How is it going? We plan to form a research-based learning group. I wonder whether you would like to join us.
Our topic is “A Study on the Differences between British English and American English”. We mainly focus on their differences in terms of spelling, pronunciation and vocabulary. The aim is to make us familiar with the underlying causes and effects of the differences so that we can gain a better understanding of the English language.
I know you are a native speaker of British English and you lived in America for several years, so hopefully you can give us some guidance during the research process. Please inform me of your decision by this Friday.
Your involvement will add much joy to our group. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
(2)
Dear Jim,
As you know, we are required to do research-based learning this term. I am writing to invite you to join my team.
Here is the detailed information. We intend to compare Chinese literature and English literature in the same historical period, for example, Shakespeare and Tang Xianzu of the Ming Dynasty. Since there was little chance for pure literary exchange between nations in history, what we are doing can help great writers from China and Britain talk spiritually to some extent.
I want you in because I know you have a great passion for British literature. Your professional knowledge will surely help us in efficiency and accuracy. Also, just imagine the sense of awe you may get from the similarities and differences we will find. If you are interested, let me know before next Friday.
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours,
Li Hua
(3)
Dear Jim,
I’m establishing a research-based learning team on English study. I wonder if you would like to be a member of it.
I plan to study how to improve our English ability by watching English movies. Ten classic English movies like Forrest Gump will be covered. We will analyse the authentic expressions and native pronunciations, and discuss how to apply them to English study. As watching English movies offers an easy access to English a learning, this project will give students a clue about enjoyable and practical learning methods.
Knowing you have conducted relevant research, I think my project may feed your interest from a different angle. Moreover, I’m sure your participation will increase the efficiency of completing tasks. If you’d like to come, please let me know before next Friday.
I sincerely hope that we can work together on this project.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一封电子邮件，邀请交换生Jim参加英语学习相关的研究性学习小组，并且向他介绍研究的具体内容和意义并说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。
【详解】1. 词汇积累（以第一篇范文为例）
打算做：plan to→intend to
专注于：focus on→be centered on
在……方面：in terms of→in the field of
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I know you are a native speaker of British English and you lived in America for several years.
复合句：I know you are a native speaker of British English who lived in America for several years.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I wonder whether you would like to join us.（whether引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]The aim is to make us familiar with the underlying causes and effects of the differences so that we can gain a better understanding of the English language.（不定式作表语以及so that引导的目的状语从句）
【走近高考◆◆预热卷】
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试预热卷01
英 语
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I am never good at public speaking. Every time I was involved in a group project, I would always volunteer to be any role but the presenter. So, when my partner Emily offered to be the ____1____ of our project, I was overjoyed.
Unfortunately, on the presentation day, Emily fell ill badly. She had to stay home to rest. I was worried that she may ____2____ the presentation, so I called her. As I spoke to her on the phone, it became apparent that I had to step up and present our project. I was filled with ____3____. By the time I hung up the phone, I could hardly breathe.
I had no ____4____ but to make an alternative plan. I tried to ____5____ my nervousness and focus on the task at hand. Pulling out a piece of paper, I wrote whatever I could remember on it with great urgency.
With that piece of paper, I stood outside the classroom door, waiting for my turn. I tried to be calm, but as time passed by, ____6____ went through me and the waiting area seemed too small for me to ____7____. When my name was called, I broke out into a cold sweat.
In front of the judges, my hands failed in their attempts to remain ____8____. All the while, my voice and hands were shaking. I tried to take shallow breaths and I felt I would fall apart anytime. Somehow, I ____9____ to go through the entire presentation and deliver my speech as planned. ____10____ my fear was not as hard as it seemed, and my alternative plan proved to be a success.
1．A．recorder B．speaker C．designer D．organizer
2．A．change B．give C．analyze D．miss
3．A．relief B．excitement C．anxiety D．shame
4．A．resource B．worry C．chance D．choice
5．A．push aside B．let out C．hide behind D．hold onto
6．A．sadness B．fear C．anger D．guilt
7．A．rest B．cry C．breathe D．sigh
8．A．steady B．flexible C．gentle D．strong
9．A．pretended B．expected C．refused D．managed
10．A．Understanding B．Overcoming C．Admitting D．Expressing
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者克服恐惧完成演讲的经历。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，当我的搭档Emily提出要做我们项目的发言人时，我欣喜若狂。A. recorder记录员；B. speaker发言人；C. designer设计者；D. organizer组织者。根据上文“I would always volunteer to be any role but the presenter(除了发言人，我总是自愿担任任何角色)”及空后“I was overjoyed”可知，作者不愿意担任发言人，所以此处指当Emily提出要做发言人时，作者欣喜若狂，故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我担心她会错过演讲，所以我给她打了电话。A. change改变；B. give给；C. analyze分析；D. miss错过。根据“She had to stay home to rest.(她必须在家休息)”可知，Emily生病在家休息，作者担心她会错过演讲，所以给她打电话，故选D。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我充满了焦虑。A. relief宽慰；B. excitement激动，兴奋；C. anxiety焦虑；D. shame羞耻。根据“By the time I hung up the phone, I could hardly breathe.(当我挂断电话时，我几乎无法呼吸)”及语境可知，作者要做发言人，所以很焦虑，故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我别无选择，只好另作打算。A. resource资源；B. worry担忧；C. chance机会；D. choice选择。根据语境可知，Emily生病无法担任发言人，所以作者别无选择，只能自己去克服恐惧担任发言人，故选D。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我努力不去想我有多紧张，把注意力集中在手头的工作上。A. push aside不去想，不考虑；B. let out释放；C. hide behind 躲在……后面；D. hold onto坚持不懈。根据“focus on the task at hand”可知，作者努力不去想自己有多紧张，而是把集中注意力在工作上，故选A。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我努力让自己冷静下来，但随着时间的流逝，恐惧笼罩着我，等候区似乎太小了，我无法呼吸。A. sadness悲伤；B. fear害怕，恐惧；C. anger生气；D. guilt内疚。根据语境及文章最后一句“ ____10____ my fear was not as hard as it seemed”可知，作者很害怕，故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. rest休息；B. cry哭泣；C. breathe呼吸；D. sigh叹气。根据空前“the waiting area seemed too small”可知，由于作者极度紧张，所以等待室对作者来说太小了，喘不过气，故选C。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在裁判面前，我的手没能保持稳定。A. steady稳定的；B. flexible灵活的；C. gentle温柔的；D. strong强壮的。根据下一句“All the while, my voice and hands were shaking.(我的声音和手一直在颤抖)”可知，作者的手一直抖，无法保持稳定，故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不知怎的，我设法完成了整个演示，并按计划发表了我的演讲。A. pretended假装；B. expected期待；C. refused拒绝；D. managed设法做到。根据“deliver my speech as planned”可知，作者如期完成演讲，manage to do sth设法完成某事，故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：克服我的恐惧并不像看起来那么难，我的替代计划被证明是成功的。A. Understanding理解；B. Overcoming克服；C. Admitting承认；D. Expressing表达。根据“and my alternative plan proved to be a success”可知，作者克服了恐惧，成功完成演讲，故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Smoke jumpers are firefighters, trained to fight fires in places that fire engines can’t reach. They travel in small planes and, ____11____(use) a parachute, jump into remote wild areas to fight fires. Smoke jumpers have to respond quickly. While a fire is still small, the pilot ____12____(drop) team members into the area as needed. Their first job may be to build a fire line to stop the fire from spreading. Water is sent down to them. Smoke jumpers must be ____13____(high) trained, very experienced and extremely fit. Their job is very dangerous.
【答案】11．using 12．drops/will drop 13．highly
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了跳伞灭火工作人员的工作方式，内容和条件。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们乘坐小型飞机旅行，并使用降落伞跳入偏远的荒野地区灭火。分析句子成分可知，本句的谓语动词为“travel”和“jump”，连词为“and”，故提示词应为非谓语动词。照应主语“They”，为逻辑上的主动关系，故用doing形式作方式状语。故填using。
12．考查谓语动词。句意：当火势还很小时，飞行员会根据需要将队员空投到该地区。分析句子成分可知，本句为“While”引导的时间状语从句，主将从现，故主句应用一般将来时。另外，本句也可理解为客观描述，可用一般现在时。故填drops/will drop。
13．考查副词。句意：跳伞灭火员必须训练有素，非常有经验和非常健康。根据空前后为谓语动词“must be trained”可知，应为副词修饰动词。故填highly。
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Before the award ceremony began, several famous actors and actresses graced the red carpet, as fans were____14____(eager)waiting for their arrival. Many wondered who____15____(take) home the big awards. As the night went on, the tension grew, and the audience held their breath as the winners were announced one by one. All the winners were glorious when they stepped onto the stage____16____they accepted their awards and thanked their colleagues, families, and fans for their support.
【答案】14．eagerly 15．would take 16．where
【导语】这是一篇说明文。颁奖典礼开始前，几位著名的男女演员走上了红毯，粉丝们热切地等待着他们的到来。许多人都想知道谁会捧回大奖。随着晚会的进行，气氛越来越紧张，当获奖者一个个被宣布时，观众们都屏住了呼吸。当所有的获奖者走上舞台领奖并感谢他们的同事、家人和粉丝的支持时，他们都很辉煌。
14．考查副词。句意：颁奖典礼开始前，几位著名的男女演员走上了红毯，粉丝们热切地等待着他们的到来。修饰动词wait应用副词eagerly，故填eagerly。
15．考查时态。句意：许多人都想知道谁会捧回大奖。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句为一般过去时，而从句陈述的动作还未发生，故此处为过去将来时，故填would take。
16．考查定语从句。句意：当所有的获奖者走上舞台领奖并感谢他们的同事、家人和粉丝的支持时，他们都很辉煌。定语从句修饰先行词stage，从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
“Conventional wisdom tells us that we can feel happier if we smile or that we can get ourselves ____17____ a more serious mood if we scowl(怒视),” said Nicholas Coles, a PhD at Utah University. His team combined data from 138 studies testing more than 11,000 participants and found facial ____18____(express) do have impact on feelings. For example, smiling makes people happier, scowling makes them feel angrier, and frowning makes them ____19____(sad). These finding are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and body interact ____20____(influence) our conscious experience of emotion.
【答案】17．in 18．expressions 19．sadder 20．to influence
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现面部表情对情绪有影响。
17．考查介词。句意：犹他大学的尼古拉斯·科尔斯博士说:“传统观念告诉我们，微笑会让我们感到更快乐，皱眉会让我们的心情更严肃。”in a more serious mood为固定短语，意为“处于更严肃的情绪”。故填in。
18．考查名词。句意：他的团队综合了对1.1万多名参与者进行的138项研究的数据，发现面部表情确实对情绪有影响。分析句子可知，“facial 2 (express) do have impact on feelings”是宾语从句，提示词是从句中主语，应用名词expression作主语，结合谓语中助动词do可知，主语是复数名词。故填expressions。
19．考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，微笑让人更快乐，皱眉让人更生气，皱眉让人更悲伤。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，且空处和happier，angrier并列，空处需填形容词比较级作宾语补足语。故填sadder。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些发现令人兴奋，因为它们提供了一个线索，说明大脑和身体是如何相互作用，影响我们对情感的有意识体验的。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to influence。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Speciality Museums in Europe
National Railway Museum, York
Home to locomotives(火车头)and a collection of engineering brilliance, we celebrate the past, present and future of innovation on the railways. Immerse yourself in stories from centuries of railway history and explore a million railway-related objects to know the importance of it during times of war.
Opening hours: Wednesday-Sunday 10:00 AM-5:00 PM
FREE ENTRY
Maritime Museum, Jersey
You can’t fail to enjoy the Island’s shipbuilding past with songs and stories of the sea. Full of interacting items experience life aboard ship in a cabin. Lots to open, press, turn and even design a ship by yourself. Then follow the story of Jersey’s seafood, beach and seaside entertainment.
Opening hours: Daily 10:00 AM-5:00 PM
Admission: $40 per adult; $25 per child(6-18 years).
Anne Frank House, Amsterdam
The Anne Frank House is a museum dedicated to Jewish wartime diarist Anne Frank. As a visitor, you experience this story through an audio tour, quotes, photos, videos, and original items.
Opening hours: Daily 9:00 AM-10:00 PM
Admission: $30 per adult/youth; $25 per child(4-12 years)
Vasa Museum, Stockholm
The Vasa ship capsized and sank on its first voyage in 1628. After 333 years on the seabed the mighty warship was recovered and put into the museum. The story of the king’s beautiful, yet terrifying ship fascinates people of all ages.
Opening hours: Daily 10:00 AM-5:00 PM
Admission: $38. Free entry for children.
21．How much should a couple with their two kids, aged 3 and 11, pay for admission to Anne Frank House?
A．$55. B．$85. C．$90. D．$115.
22．What do Vasa Museum and National Railway Museum have in common?
A．They display collections of military products.
B．They are open to the public every day.
C．They tell historical stories about the transport.
D．They charge children a discounted price.
23．Where should visitors go if they want to gain more hands—on experience?
A．Anne Frank House. B．Vasa Museum.
C．National Railway Museum. D．Maritime Museum.
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了要介绍欧洲的特色博物馆。
21．细节理解题。根据文章Anne Frank House部分“Admission: $30 per adult/youth; $25 per child(4-12 years) (门票：成人/青年每人30美元，每个儿童25美元(4-12岁))”可知，一对夫妻60美元，11岁的孩子25美元， 3岁的孩子免费，总共加起来85美元。一对夫妇带着他们的两个孩子，一个3岁，一个11岁，应该支付85美元才能进入安妮·弗兰克故居，故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据文章National Railway Museum部分“You can’t fail to enjoy the Island’s shipbuilding past with songs and stories of the sea. (伴随着大海的歌声和故事，你一定会欣赏到岛上造船的历史。)”以及文章Vasa Museum部分“The story of the king’s beautiful, yet terrifying ship fascinates people of all ages. (国王那艘美丽而恐怖的船的故事令各个年龄段的人着迷。)”可知，这两个博物馆都讲述了关于交通工具的历史故事所以Vasa博物馆和国家铁路博物馆的共同点是他们讲述有关交通的历史故事，故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据文章Maritime Museum, Jersey部分“Lots to open, press, turn and even design a ship by yourself. (有很多东西可以打开、按下、转动，甚至可以自己设计一艘船。)”可知，如果游客想获得更多的动手体验，他们应该去海事博物馆，故选D。
B
For the past three decades, Richard Sears, aged 71, has been dedicated to one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.
His interest in Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972, when he was 22, majoring in physics at Portland State University in Oregon. “I realized only 7 percent of the world speak English as a mother tongue. I wondered what it was like to speak another language.” By 1990, Sears was already a fluent Chinese speaker, but did not know how to read. To Sears, the characters were complex with many strokes(笔画)and almost no apparent logic.
“I am a physicist, so I don’t like blind memorization in learning languages. I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs(象形文字)and I wanted to know the stories behind them.” In the process of the study, Sears soon realized that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. To pick out the good ones, he decided to computerize the characters, and then scanned about 96,000 ancient characters.
The database of ancient characters came into being, but he wanted to explain the step-by-step evolvement of these characters from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms. He then got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology(词源), where viewers can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms. Between 2002 and 2011, the website would get 11,000 or 15,000 hits a day. Suddenly, in January 2011,clicks to the website went up to 600,000 within one day. Overnight he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname given by Chinese netizens, after one of them shared his website on Chinese social media.
Besides the website, in September last year, Sears set up his studio, focusing on applying AR, animation and artificial intelligence to telling stories of Chinese culture and character origins, in Nanjing as part of the local authority’s plan to cultivate talent in the culture sector. “They have both entertainment value for the young and educational value and can teach the origins of Chinese characters. We also want to make videos with a high educational value for other platforms for Chinese and foreign learners of Chinese characters.” Sears says.
24．What do we know about Richard Sears?
A．He has made an exploration into Chinese characters.
B．He learned Chinese to improve his physics.
C．He was fluent in reading Chinese from the beginning.
D．He was concerned about the spread of his mother tongue.
25．What does the underlined word “ones” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Characters.
B．Explanations.
C．Pictographs.
D．Languages.
26．What can be inferred about Sears’ website?
A．It gained popularity shortly after its establishment.
B．It has made a big profit from netizens visiting it.
C．It concentrates on the simplification of Chinese characters.
D．It bridges the evolvement of Chinese characters to the public.
27．Which of the following best describes Richard Sears?
A．Ambitious and humorous. B．Wise but careless.
C．Enthusiastic and devoted. D．Generous but stubborn.
【答案】24．A 25．B 26．D 27．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了71岁的Richard Sears专注于研究汉字背后的故事。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“For the past three decades, Richard Sears, aged 71, has been dedicated to one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.(在过去的三十年里，71岁的Richard Sear一直致力于一件事：讲述中国汉字背后的故事。)”可知，Richard Sears对汉字进行了探索。故选A。
25．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子前句“In the process of the study, Sears soon realized that many of the explanations could not possibly be true. (在研究过程中，Sears很快意识到许多解释不可能是真的。)”和画线单词所在句子“To pick out the good ones, he decided to computerize the characters, and then scanned about 96,000 ancient characters.(为了挑出好的ones，他决定将这些文字电脑化，然后扫描了大约96,000个古文字。)”可知，在研究的过程中，Sears发现好多解释不是真的，于是他为了挑选好的解释，决定将这些文章电脑化，由此可推知，ones代指上文提到的“解释”，故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中“He then got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology(词源), where viewers can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms.(2002年，他建立了自己的网站，并将其命名为“汉语词源学”。在这个网站上，观众可以免费查看各种形式的汉字演变情况。)”可推知，Sears的网站将汉字的演变与公众联系起来，即把汉字的演变带给了大众。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“For the past three decades, Richard Sears, aged 71, has been dedicated to one thing: telling the stories behind Chinese characters.(在过去的三十年里，71岁的Richard Sear一直致力于一件事：讲述中国汉字背后的故事。)”和第四段中“He then got his website up in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology(词源), where viewers can check for free the evolvement of Chinese characters in various forms.(2002年，他建立了自己的网站，并将其命名为“汉语词源学”。在这个网站上，观众可以免费查看各种形式的汉字演变情况。)”可知，Richard Sears一直专注于研究汉字背后的故事，并致力于建立自己的网站，由此可推知，他是一个富有热情且乐于奉献的人，故选C。
C
Making use of the wind, the water or, for more than half of all plant species, animals, plants disperse (散播) seeds far and wide. Frugivores — animals such as gibbons that feed on the fleshy fruits of plants — eat and then excrete (排泄) seeds away from the original tree. The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.
Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.
Evan Fricke, lead author of the study, explains that in order to reach these results, they pulled together existing data from all previous studies and used machine learning to develop models that could estimate the seed dispersal potential of any animal, even ones that are now extinct.
The researchers found that, historically, the decline of seed-dispersing animals has had the greatest influence on plants across the temperate (温带的) regions of North and South America, Europe and southern Australia. “Our temperate ecosystems have lost a lot of the natural seed-dispersal function that they would have had.” explains Fricke, referring to large mammals that were once widespread in these regions.
Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent. “The direct implication of this decline is that many plant species will be unable to keep pace with a changing climate,” says Fricke. “That means the potential loss not only of plant biodiversity but of the ecosystem functions that those plants provide.”
As wildlife is lost, plants can no longer adapt and survive and forests become less sustainable, which reduces the amount of carbon they can store. They also lose their ability to support wildlife. Whole ecosystems are disrupted. The conclusion, Fricke says, is clear: we must conserve currently endangered species and restore the populations of important seed dispersers. “Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.
28．The author mentions the African savanna elephant in Paragraph 1 is to ________.
A．highlight the problem B．predict the ending
C．express an opinion D．provide a solution
29．What does Fricke conclude from the study?
A．plants disperse seeds by way of animals excreting them.
B．rewilding can promote the climate resilience of our ecosystems.
C．seed-dispersing animals could hardly affect the natural ecosystems.
D．the loss of seed-dispersing animals has little influence on temperate regions.
30．Which would be the best title of the passage?
A．The Resilience of Ecosystems
B．The Conservation of Seed-dispersing Animals
C．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Essential — And Under Threat
D．Animals That Spread Seeds Are Endangered — And Well Protected
【答案】28．A 29．B 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究讲述了传播种子的动物是必不可少的，对生态系统有益，但是这些动物目前处于危险中。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“The African savanna elephant can carry seeds up to a record-breaking distance of 65 kilometres. This ability to shift geographical ranges will be crucial to plants when it comes to surviving climate change. However, just like all gibbon species, the African savanna elephant is endangered, its population down by 60 percent over the past 50 years.(非洲热带草原大象可以携带种子长到65公里。这种改变地理范围的能力对植物对气候变化的生存至关重要。然而，就像所有的长臂猿物种一样，非洲热带稀树草原象也濒临灭绝，它的数量在过去的50年里减少了60%)”和第二段内容“Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.(丹麦和美国的研究人员发表了一项新的研究，研究了种子传播动物的丢失如何影响森林和其他自然生态系统的恢复力。根据他们的研究，这种损失已经使植物适应气候变化的能力下降了60%，在一些地区降低了95%)”可知，非洲热带稀树草原象可以长距离携带植物种子，改变地理范围，但是目前濒临灭绝，第二段讲述了研究表明种子传播动物的丢失影响森林和其他自然生态系统的恢复力，使得植物适应气候变化的能力下降。由此推知，提到非洲热带草原象是为了强调问题。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据最后一段的““Independent of climate change, rewilding has the potential to benefit our ecosystems, but in a changing climate, it has the added benefit of increasing the climate resilience of those ecosystems,” he says.(“不受气候变化的影响，野生化有可能有利于我们的生态系统，但在气候变化中，它的好处是提高这些生态系统的气候恢复力，”他说)”可知，Fricke从研究中得出野生化可以促进我们的生态系统的气候恢复力。故选B。
30．主旨大意题。第二段内容“Researchers in Denmark and the USA have published a new study into how the loss of seed-dispersing animals could affect the resilience (恢复力) of forests and other natural ecosystems. According to their research, this loss has already reduced the ability of plants to move in pace with climate change by 60 percent, and in some areas by as much as 95 percent.(丹麦和美国的研究人员发表了一项新的研究，研究了种子传播动物的丢失如何影响森林和其他自然生态系统的恢复力。根据他们的研究，这种损失已经使植物适应气候变化的能力下降了60%，在一些地区降低了95%)”和第四段的“Nevertheless, the poor conservation status of many seed-dispersing tropical animals puts plants in regions such as Southeast Asia and Madagascar most at risk today. Without the preservation of such animals, global seed dispersal could decline by a further 15 percent.(然而，如今许多散布种子的热带动物的保护状况不佳，使东南亚和马达加斯加等地区的植物处于危险中。如果不保护这类动物，全球的种子传播可能会进一步下降15%)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述传播种子的动物是必不可少的，对生态系统有益，但是这些动物目前处于危险中。由此可知，C项“传播种子的动物是必不可少的——受到威胁”为最佳标题。故选C。
D
The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century. The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.
Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture, the environment, during the organism’s life. Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime, but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring (后代). For the Geneticists, they believe that our lives are entirely determined by genetics, which is nature. An opposing view is that there is no indication that genes (基因) determines one’s personality, rather there is growing evidence that nurture serves as the determining factor in personality development.
Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth. When applied to human beings, it means how the person is raised, which includes nutrition, education, care, as well as the kind of surroundings, such as cultural influence, family and friends.
The argument of nature and nurture as to which is more important is necessitated by an attempt to differentiate how much effect genetics has on a person’s development against how easily humans are influenced by one’s environment.
While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one’s personality, nature dramatically outweighs nurture, for nature can be likened to a foundation. The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied. However, nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance. Even without nurture, the nature impact can still stand independently without necessarily causing destruction. More so, even when the nurture impact is successfully effected, it does not remove the genetic characteristics of a person. It therefore stands correctly that nature is that which determines the substance of a person.
31．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Nature’s role is supported by additional evidence.
B．Personality development is determined by nurture.
C．Nature impacts gene expression in later generation.
D．Environment shapes personality more than genetics.
32．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．What nurture means to human beings.
B．How living things develop after birth.
C．How nurture shapes human development.
D．How surroundings influence human beings.
33．How does the author stress the greater importance of nature?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making contrast.
C．By conducting experiments.
D．By citing research data.
34．What is the best title for the text?
A．A Long Story of Nature and Nurture
B．A New Research on Nature and Nurture
C．Who Can Tell What Makes Who We Are?
D．Which Is More Important, Nature or Nurture?
【答案】31．C 32．A 33．B 34．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是比较的主题。文章论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture, the environment, during the organism’s life. Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime, but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring (后代). (在有机体的一生中，先天为有机体提供了与滋养、环境相互作用的起点。先天不仅会影响一个生物体的一生，还会直接影响其后代的基因表达)”可知，先天影响后代的基因表达。故选C。
32．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth. When applied to human beings, it means how the person is raised, which includes nutrition, education, care, as well as the kind of surroundings, such as cultural influence, family and friends.(后天指的是生物出生后生长发育的条件。当应用于人类时，它指的是一个人是如何成长的，包括营养、教育、照顾，以及环境的类型，如文化影响、家庭和朋友)”可知，第三段主要讨论了后天对人类意味着什么。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one’s personality, nature dramatically outweighs nurture, for nature can be likened to a foundation. The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied. However, nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance.(不可否认，后天培养在一个人的个性成长和发展中起着一定的作用，但先天的作用远远超过后天培养，因为先天可以被比作基础。后天对人的发展的影响是不能完全否认的。然而，先天被认为是最重要的，因为它提供了一个机会，创造了一个基础，为后天问题的出现提供了基础)”可推知，作者通过对比强调了先天的重要性。故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century. The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.(先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是比较的主题。争论的核心问题是，究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们)”及下文论述可知，文章主要论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。由此可知，Which Is More Important, Nature or Nurture?(先天和后天，哪个更重要？)适合作文章最佳标题。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Looking back at my younger years, I am sometimes amazed at how life has turned out. Nothing is exactly what I had originally planned for. If I could go back in time and hang out with my younger self for a day,____35____
Everything happens for a reason. Without mistakes and failure, you would never have learned.____36____. Once you understand this, you will know that everything comes in to serve a purpose. So don’t stress or think that life is unfair.
____37____.You can have it all but not all at once. It is not surprising that many of us are doing too many things at once. We need to make ends meet. But if you are working three jobs at a time, it is not likely that you will succeed at any of them. You have to keep your eyes on the big picture. Achieve your goals one by one.
You can plan ahead, but your plan will definitely change when the time comes. You can plan ahead because sometimes planning ahead can give you a clearer direction of where you want to go.____38____
It’s okay to be unsure about your purpose in life. You might be graduating or have hit a turning point with your career. You might feel a bit lost and unsure of where to go._____39_____Go out there and try as many different things as you can. Don’t ever feel like you’ re wasting your time. Enjoy the journey. Don’t rush. Every little path will lead you somewhere. And looking back, you will be able to connect the dots. It will all make sense.
A．It’s okay.
B．I would give her some tips.
C．Focus on one thing at a time.
D．Without pain, you would never have grown.
E．If you don’t suffer pain, you will never grow.
F．Please make sure you make preparations in advance.
G．However, plans will almost always change, so be prepared!
【答案】35．B 36．D 37．C 38．G 39．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了年长的作者想给年轻时的自己的一些忠告。
35．根据上文“If I could go back in time and hang out with my younger self for a day,(如果我能回到过去，和年轻时的自己呆上一天，)”及下文可知，这里句子功能主要是启下，即自己想给自己几点忠告。所以选择项B“I would give her some tips.( 我会给她一些建议。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
36．根据上文“Without mistakes and failure, you would never have learned.(没有错误和失败，你就不会学到东西。)”可知，前后句式应该一致，只有从失败和痛苦中才能学习和成长。所以选择项D“Without pain, you would never have grown. (没有痛苦，你就不会成长。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
37．根据下文，尤其是最后一句话“Achieve your goals one by one.(一个一个地实现你的目标。)”可知，作者希望年轻时的自己做事时能一件一件完成。所以选择项C“Focus on one thing at a time. (一次只关注一件事。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
38．根据本段首句“You can plan ahead, but your plan will definitely change when the time comes.(你可以提前计划，但你的计划肯定会随着时间的推移而改变。)”可知，要预想到计划可能会发生变化，所以用做好准备。所以选择项G“However, plans will almost always change, so be prepared! (然而，计划几乎总是会改变，所以要做好准备!)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
39．根据本段首句“It’s okay to be unsure about your purpose in life.(不确定自己的人生目标是正常的。)”可知，此空呼应段首句，没有确定人生目标没有关系。所以选择项A“It’s okay. (没关系。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。
Once upon a time, the family dining table would be set with a simple cloth each night. Plates, forks, and spoons would be laid out. As dinner time approached, an increasing number of hungry mouths would begin to appear with the question, “What’s for dinner?”
Now the situation is different. Where did your family eat dinner last night? In the car on the way to sports? At McDonald’s? Or at the dinner table? A survey taken a few years ago found that 28% families ate dinner together at home seven nights a week. Another quarter said they ate together three or fewer nights a week.
What accounts for this decline in families eating together today though? The data seems to point to two main issues: overworked parents and over- scheduled children. When mum or dad does get home in the evening, they are soon in the car again to send the children to soccer, music, tutoring, and a host of other events.
This nightly ceremony around the dinner table is what keeps a family together. Sure, the conversation is not always significant, and children argue. And sometimes the deepest and most meaningful times in a family are not at the table at all. However, there is still something unique about the time a family spends around the dinner table. The dinner table is the place where a family builds an identity. Stories are passed down, jokes are exchanged, and the wider world is examined through the lens (镜头) of a family’s values. Children pick up vocabulary and a sense of how a conversation is structured. Dinner time is “family time”. Coming back daily to the same place helps gain familiarity.
The significance of dinner time is more than the above. Studies show that the more families eat together, the less likely the children are to smoke, drink, and develop eating disorders, and the more likely they are to do well in school and learn how to socialize. One professor at Rutgers University in New Jersey stated, “A meal is about civilizing children. It’s a time to teach them to be a member of their culture.”
So start by planning some stay-at-home family dinners together. Just family talk.
40．Where did people usually have dinner in the past?
______________________________________________________
41．What causes the decline in families eating together?
______________________________________________________
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
ØIf families eat together more often, children will be more likely to do well in school and learn how to socialize, and will not have bad habits or eating disorders at all.
______________________________________________________
43．Apart from having family dinners together, what other way(s) can you think of to keep a family together? (In about 40 words)
______________________________________________________
【答案】40．People usually had dinner with their families at home/at dinner table in the past. 41．Overworked parents and over-scheduled children cause the decline in families eating together. 42．If families eat together more often, children will be more likely to do well in school and learn how to socialize, and will not have bad habits or eating disorders at all.
According to the passage, the more families eat together, the less likely the children will smoke, drink and develop eating disorders, instead of not having these problems at all. 43．Organizing family sports days can also bring families together. We can not only enjoy the company of our families, but also enjoy the fun brought by sports. In addition, children can also learn the sense of competition.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。现在家人们在一起吃晚餐的时间越来越少，但研究表明家人共进晚餐有很多好处，因此呼吁人们进行家庭聚餐。
40．考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Once upon a time, the family dining table would be set with a simple cloth each night.(从前，家庭餐桌每晚都会用一块简单的布来摆放)”可知，以前人们通常在家里和家人一起共进晚餐。故答案为：People usually had dinner with their families at home/at dinner table in the past.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段的“What accounts for this decline in families eating together today though? The data seems to point to two main issues: overworked parents and over- scheduled children.(那么，是什么导致了如今家庭聚餐的减少呢?数据似乎指向两个主要问题:过度劳累的父母和过度安排的孩子)”可知，过度疲劳的父母和过度安排的孩子导致家庭聚餐减少。故答案为：Overworked parents and over-scheduled children cause the decline in families eating together.
42．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Studies show that the more families eat together, the less likely the children are to smoke, drink, and develop eating disorders, and the more likely they are to do well in school and learn how to socialize(研究表明，家庭成员在一起吃饭的次数越多，孩子吸烟、酗酒和饮食失调的可能性就越小，他们在学校的表现就越好，也就越有可能学会如何社交)”可知，家庭成员在一起吃饭的次数越多，孩子吸烟、酗酒和饮食失调的可能性就越小，他们在学校的表现就越好。而句中“will not have bad habits or eating disorders at all.(不会有坏习惯或饮食失调)”文章没有提到。故答案为:If families eat together more often, children will be more likely to do well in school and learn how to socialize, and will not have bad habits or eating disorders at all. According to the passage, the more families eat together, the less likely the children will smoke, drink and develop eating disorders, instead of not having these problems at all.
43．开放性问题。答案言之有理即可，注意字数。例如：Organizing family sports days can also bring families together. We can not only enjoy the company of our families, but also enjoy the fun brought by sports. In addition, children can also learn the sense of competition.
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你正在组建与英语学习相关的研究性学习小组，请你用英文给你校交换生Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 介绍研究的具体内容和意义；
2. 说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：研究性学习 research-based learning
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
(1)
Dear Jim,
How is it going? We plan to form a research-based learning group. I wonder whether you would like to join us.
Our topic is “A Study on the Differences between British English and American English”. We mainly focus on their differences in terms of spelling, pronunciation and vocabulary. The aim is to make us familiar with the underlying causes and effects of the differences so that we can gain a better understanding of the English language.
I know you are a native speaker of British English and you lived in America for several years, so hopefully you can give us some guidance during the research process. Please inform me of your decision by this Friday.
Your involvement will add much joy to our group. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
(2)
Dear Jim,
As you know, we are required to do research-based learning this term. I am writing to invite you to join my team.
Here is the detailed information. We intend to compare Chinese literature and English literature in the same historical period, for example, Shakespeare and Tang Xianzu of the Ming Dynasty. Since there was little chance for pure literary exchange between nations in history, what we are doing can help great writers from China and Britain talk spiritually to some extent.
I want you in because I know you have a great passion for British literature. Your professional knowledge will surely help us in efficiency and accuracy. Also, just imagine the sense of awe you may get from the similarities and differences we will find. If you are interested, let me know before next Friday.
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours,
Li Hua
(3)
Dear Jim,
I’m establishing a research-based learning team on English study. I wonder if you would like to be a member of it.
I plan to study how to improve our English ability by watching English movies. Ten classic English movies like Forrest Gump will be covered. We will analyse the authentic expressions and native pronunciations, and discuss how to apply them to English study. As watching English movies offers an easy access to English a learning, this project will give students a clue about enjoyable and practical learning methods.
Knowing you have conducted relevant research, I think my project may feed your interest from a different angle. Moreover, I’m sure your participation will increase the efficiency of completing tasks. If you’d like to come, please let me know before next Friday.
I sincerely hope that we can work together on this project.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一封电子邮件，邀请交换生Jim参加英语学习相关的研究性学习小组，并且向他介绍研究的具体内容和意义并说明邀请原因和其他相关事宜。
【详解】1. 词汇积累（以第一篇范文为例）
打算做：plan to→intend to
专注于：focus on→be centered on
在……方面：in terms of→in the field of
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I know you are a native speaker of British English and you lived in America for several years.
复合句：I know you are a native speaker of British English who lived in America for several years.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I wonder whether you would like to join us.（whether引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]The aim is to make us familiar with the underlying causes and effects of the differences so that we can gain a better understanding of the English language.（不定式作表语以及so that引导的目的状语从句）
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