2023届上海市上海中学高考英语模拟卷练习一含答案

  高考英语上海卷

模拟试卷（―）

II. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题 1 分，共 20 分）

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, used one word that best fits each blank.

     Social Networking Sites: Are They Changing Human Communication?

    It is hardly news that people are using the Internet for communicating with others more and more. Some people fear that someday we will no longer feel the need to talk to one another face-to-face. However, some recent studies suggest that people communicate, or stay in touch, even more than they used to. (21)_______ side you fall on, what is clear and not debatable, is  that human communication (22)_______ (undergo) tremendous changes in the 21st century. But results of recent scientific studies may have us (23) _______ (reconsider) just how much our new communication forms have changed our world.

    In June 2008 a British psychiatrist, Himanshu Tyagi, warned the generation of people born after 1990 use the Internet to communicate with others so much that they may have trouble (24)_______  (form) real relationships. The Internet is a world where everything moves fast and changes all the time, where relationships are quickly disposed of at the click of a mouse.

     Another psychologist, Dr. Arie Sigman, warned of physical effects (25) _______ using social networking sites. He suggests that the decrease in the amount of time (26) _______  (devote) to interacting with people face-to-face could have biological effects on the human body, (27)_______ can potentially lead to the development of illnesses, such as cancer.

     Finally, another British scientist, Susan Greenfield, warned members of the British government that social networking sites could actually be changing the human mind, (28) _______ (make) it more childlike. Since everything, including responses, is immediate on social networking sites, in actual life people may expect an immediate response. When this doesn't happen, their behavior can be described as almost childlike.

     Despite all of these warnings, studies can be found (29) _______ demonstrate the positive aspects of social networking sites. The results of one study show that using social networking sites has boosted the self-esteem of young adults. In addition to scientific studies, there are many who feel that the benefits of social networking sites far outweigh the possible negative aspects. Many people, especially those who spend a lot of time at home, for various reasons, (30) _______ (find) the Internet a lifeline. They are able to communicate with many people using these sites.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

    When photography was first invented, it changed the world: what people saw could be recorded as it really was without the (31) _______of an artist. Photography as historical record has been very important ever since. But equally important, the very first pioneers saw that it too, was an art form, not merely a way to (32) _______reality. True photographers are artists of the camera.

    Photography is charming because it is both an art and a science. It is an art over which the photographer has (33) _______ control but only to a certain extent: unlike a painter, you can only take photographs of what is there. If the sun is not shining, you cannot photograph sunlight. So you need to find a subject. But the greatest photographs are of subjects that most people would have walked past without (34) _______. The truly great photographers are those who can see, in their mind's eye, the photograph that they can create through their vision, artistry and skill.

Vision comes first. If you cannot see the (35) _______ , you can never be a true photographer. Artistry, by contrast, can be learned and developed: you can read a book or you take lessons. You can learn from a great practitioner. Perhaps the simplest aspect to describe is framing.

    The human eye has a huge field of view (36) _______ almost 180 degrees. The lens of a camera, by contrast, has a very restricted field of view. This is both a curse and a blessing. Try as you might, you cannot (37)_______ the sheer scale of the human perspective of the world. But you can and must, select the image that you are attempting to snap ——or rather to create. Look through the viewfinder: learn to see the world through the lens. Understand the difference it makes when you remove the (38) _______and select only what really matters. That is artistry.

Next comes skill. This is the (39) _______ part. Skill is exercised long before you even start to look for a subject: there are a series of essential decisions which you have to take. Do you want to use a traditional roll-film camera or a digital one? Each of them has advantages and drawbacks. Now that all cameras are in effect mini computers, there is a(n) (40) _______ to leave much of the decision-making to the electronics inside but the true photographer will override the factory settings to retain control over the details of exposure, focus and contrast.

III.Reading Comprehension (45 分)

Section A (每题1分，共15分)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

    Ownership seems straightforward in business: Get a patent or copyright when you create something. Charge for its (41) _______. Avoid ambiguity (模棱两可)about who owns what. But much of this wisdom is (42) _______. The world's most visionary businesses already know this and are skilled at ownership engineering 一 a term we define to mean creating value by managing how products and services are (43) _______. Here, we introduce three of the most successful 一 and least known 一 ownership engineering strategies.

(1) Tolerating Theft

   Disney strategically tolerates theft. For decades, the company was known for aggressively defending its copyrights and trademarks. But now Disney often (44) _______, tolerating super-fan pirates who create innovative products. (45)_______, when online vendor "Bibbidi Bobbidi Brooke,’ came out with a hugely popular line of rose-gold sequined Mickey ears in 2016, Disney did not shut her down, as was its legal right. (46)_______, it simply copied her design. After Disney’s official version hit the stores, the new Mickey ears sold out immediately. Everyone (47)  _______: Brooke stays in business and Disney benefits from low-cost product development.

(2) (48)_______ Ownership

   Business leaders, and their lawyers, have a bias that legal ownership matters. Surprisingly often, it doesn't, and some businesses today voluntarily give up ownership altogether, even when the law makes protection (49) _______. The key is to know when and how to deploy effective substitutes for legal ownership. For example, some cutting-edge entrepreneurs value (50) _______over patents. Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX says, “We have essentially no patents. Our primary long-term competition is India. If we published patents, it would be nonsensical, because the Indian would just use them as a recipe book. "

(3)Leaning In To Ambiguity

   Business leaders may (51) _______to invest when the ownership environment for their product or service is unsettled. Many assume clear ownership rules are a(n) (52) _______ for entering markets. But legal clarity is not always that important. Millions of people own their cars and apartments, but can they (53) _______ people for short term rides or stays? Until recently, the law was unclear about the scope of owners' rights. That ambiguity didn't (54) _______Uber and Airbnb from pressing ahead into new markets. These start-ups built on the tech-world motto, "It's better to ask for forgiveness, than permission.,^ This motto is emphatically not a call to break the law. Just the opposite. Ifs a recognition that ownership rules are always less complete than people assume 一 and that ownership ambiguity can provide legitimate and valuable business opportunities.

   Businesses can always gain a competitive (55)_______by finding novel ways to engineer ownership 一 just like they engineer every other feature of their goods and services.

41. A. regulation B. necessity C. ignorance D. use

42. A. wrong B. awesome C. consistent D. dynamic

43. A. generated B. owned C. exposed D. intervened

44. A. shouts out B. shuts off C. looks away D. holds back

45. A. Better still B. In other words C. In contrast D. For example

46. A. Likewise B. Instead C. Hence D. Moreover

47. A. doubts B. agrees C. wins D. wrestles

48. A. Respecting B. Updating C. Submitting D. Deserting

49. A. available B. unnecessary C. exceptional D. invaluable

50. A. profits B. ownership C. secrecy D. openness

51. A. rush B. hesitate C. boast D. manage

52. A. ingredient B. manual C. medium D. precondition

53. A. trade B. mistake C. charge D. motivate

54. A. exclude B. discourage C. inherit D. liberate

55. A. rival B. rule C. edge D. outlet

Section B (每题2分，共22分)

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

   The prospect of a holiday is likely to persuade even the most depressed that life is worth living. Few events are anticipated more eagerly, nor form the subject of more complex and enriching daydreams. They offer us perhaps our finest chance to achieve happiness--outside of the constraints of work, of our struggle for survival and for status. The way we choose to spend them embodies, if only unknowingly, an understanding of what life might ideally be about. However, holidays almost always go wrong. The tragicomic(悲喜剧的)disappointments of travel are a staple of office chat; the half-built hotel, the sense of disorientation, the mid- afternoon despair, the horrible fellow travellers, the lethargy(无精打采)before ancient ruins.

I remember a trip to Barbados a few years ago. I looked forward to it for months. But on my first morning on the island, I realised something at once obvious and surprising; that my body proved a temperamental （喜怒无常的）partner. Asked to sit on a deckchair so that the mind could savour the beach, the trees and the sun, it collapsed into difficulties; the ears complained of an uncomfortable wind, the skin of stickiness and the toes of sand lodged between them. Unfortunately, I had brought something else that risked clouding my appreciation of my surroundings; my entire mind -not only the part that had planned the journey and agreed to pay for it, but also the part committed to anxiety, boredom, self-disgust and financial alarm. At home, as I had a look at the photographs of Barbados, I had forgot anything besides their contents. I had simply been in the pictures; alone with their elements. But sadness and regrets were my bedfellows on that Caribbean island, acting like distorting glass between myself and the world.

   It may be necessary to accept that the anticipation of travel is perhaps the best part about it. Our holidays are never as satisfying as they are when they exist in an as-yet-unrealised form; in the shape of an airline ticket and a brochure. I continue to travel myself but there are times when I too feel there might be no finer journeys than those provoked in the imagination by remaining at home slowly turning the pages of an airline timetable.

56.What can be inferred from paragraph 1?

A.Struggle for survival will help attain happiness.

B.Staying at home may bring about disappointments.

C.The selection of a holiday is a product of an unconscious desire.

D.The thought of a holiday makes leading a miserable life worthwhile.

57.What does the underlined ''it" in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. the beach.    B. the author's mind  C. the sun  D. the author's body

58.According to the passage, what does the author think about holidays?

A.Holidays will make an unachieved objective even more desirable.

B.Holidays will contribute to altering a previous pattern of behavior.

C.Thinking about holidays is probably better than actually going on one.

D.Planning holidays will bring benefits to a person mentally and physically.

（B）

My vision: my world

♦ Description of the project

"My vision: my world" is an annual photo competition. Open to anyone 一 professionals and amateurs — the competition will be for the best photo of a place in the city. Fifty shortlisted （入 围 的）photos will be shown in an exhibition at the Harper Rhone Art Gallery, and the winner will receive a new I KAM camera.

♦ Goals and objectives

"My vision: my world" will help people to look at their local environment with fresh eyes, and give them a motivation to preserve that environment. It will also be an outlet for creativity and artistic vision in the city.             

♦ Competitors

In our area, there are no competitions similar to “My vision: my world". There are various national photography competitions, but very few of these have a local theme.

♦ Costs

The judging panel will work on a voluntary basis, looking through the photos at a designated date in May. The costs of mounting the exhibition will be bome by the gallery. IKAM Inc. has agreed to sponsor the competition in return for their logo appearing on the programme.

♦ Schedule

Entries for "My vision: my world" will be accepted from January to May. At the end of May the judges will choose a shortlist of 50 photos. These will be exhibited in June, one of the busiest times of year for the gallery. This will ensure maximum exposure for the work on display. During the exhibition the public will vote for their favourite photo, and the winner will be announced in July.

♦ Conclusion

"My vision: my world,, is an exciting new project. We believe it will be very popular among local people and visitors to the city. Furthermore, there are many opportunities for spin-offs such as book projects, a web site, and talks by local photographers.

59.The passage is mainly intended to _______.

A.recommend a course on photography

B.introduce an environmental campaign

C.advertise a photography competition

D.attract funding for a city-wide project

60.Which of the following statements is true?

A.The event is held twice a year.

B.Professionals are favored over amateurs.

C.Participants will be charged a certain fee.

D.A unique feature of the event is its local theme.

61.The exhibition will be held in June in order that_______.

A.participants will have enough time to take photos

B.the photos can be enjoyed by more visitors

C.judges can pick out the best photos on display

D.there will be more time to prepare the spin-offs

62.IKAM Inc.'s willingness to sponsor the event is based on _______.

A.the company getting free publicity

B.its environmental consciousness

C.promoting creativity and artistic vision

D.attracting talents to the company

(C)

   All over the world, from Baltimore to Auckland, coastal cities are facing the same issue: the regeneration of their docklands. These areas, which were once at the very heart of urban activity, have emptied over time as modern shipping requirements have moved the docks further out of town. The resultant migration of population and decline in commercial activity are two effects which therefore need to be addressed.

   A key factor in this has been the growth of the container industry, now responsible for over 75% of goods transported worldwide. As a consequence of this, ships have progressively increased in size to such a degree that larger docks are required and more sophisticated and efficient cranes. This has led to the decline of city-centre docks along with services and homes connected to them. Another direct result of this is that ships spend less time in port, and thus there are fewer crew members spending money in these areas. One alternative source of revenue is the cruise industry, with a number of cities building facilities for cruise liners which can bring over 5,000 tourists into a place in one day.

   As a result of this migration from waterfront areas, hundreds of acres of land have been left to waste away. This has meant in some cities an increase in crime in these parts as gangs have taken control and squatters (擅自占用他人房子的人)have taken up residence. As the situation has got worse, the appeal of these areas for locals or tourists has decreased. This vicious circle can only be broken through redevelopment.

   Governments, therefore, have had to make important financial and strategic decisions about these waterfronts, whether they are giving onto a river, a lake, a bay or the sea. In Baltimore, for example, the decision was taken to regenerate the docklands as an area for professional offices and small start-ups as well as rebranding the area as a destination for conferences, events, cyclists and urban tourists.

This meant that all the services and infrastructure required for these segments had to be put in place. I think the statistics attached prove that the project was a great success, due in part to the consultation and planning stages, which led to a unified plan.

   In conclusion, I would state that although it is sad to see the decline of such important historical waterfront areas, the resulting renovation can lead to economic and social improvements of great value. I would therefore strongly advocate regeneration plans which bring services, activity and people back to these wastelands and which restore them to an important role in the city.

63.The second paragraph is mainly about _______.

A.changes in shipping

B.the decline of the docklands

C.a solution to docklands’ decline

D.the rise of the cruise industry

64.Migration from the docklands had led to_______.

A.poverty      B. homelessness

C. an increase in crime  D. less appealing residents

65.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A.Baltimore handled the planning stages well.

B.The Baltimore regeneration was mainly for tourists.

C.These days, crew members spend a lot of time in port spending money.

D.Overall, the author is not in favour of the regeneration of dockland areas.

66.The last paragraph offers_______ .

A.a regeneration plan that is worth advocating

B.another example of renovation that succeeds

C.an accurate prediction about waterfronts' future

D.the author's perspective on improving waterfront areas

Section C (每题2分，共8分)

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

      We all like to think that we are rational thinkers, but poor decisions and choices are evident all around us: staying in bad relationships or boring jobs, taking up smoking, eating too much junk food, taking out loans we know we can't repay; the list goes on. (67) ______ Surely we know how to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages in a situation and come to a sensible conclusion. One reason appears to be what psychologists call "decision fatigue”: the idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and exerting self-control.

    (68) ______If you are ground down by everyday struggles, you have less mental energy for good decisions. These findings go a long way to explaining why people with problems such as poverty or poor housing so often appear to make irrational decisions 一 for example, in relation to their health or financial affairs.

    (69) ______Most of us will have had the experience of going to bed with a seemingly unsolvable problem, only to wake up with a flash of inspiration the next morning. So decisions made when we feel least tired are more likely to be the right ones. Another worthwhile strategy is to pretend that you are advising a friend (who can be imaginary!), rather than relating decisions to your own life. (70) ______And it can help you to think logically rather than emotionally.

   Perhaps the most important thing we can do to minimise the possibility of regret is to make sure that our decisions are in line with our life values; in other words, to have a life vision and be true to it. Instead of asking ourselves questions such as "Which option is safer?, or "Which option is best financially?”, it is far better to ask 'How will I feel about this when I'm 70?'

第II卷(共50分)

IV. Summary Writing (10 分)

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

71.

   Early next month, local officials will gather for a ribbon-cutting ceremony at a facility in Whitsett, North Carolina. A new production line will start to roll and the seemingly impossible will happen: America will start making personal computers again. Mass-market computer production had been slowly disappearing for the past thirty years, and the vast majority of laptops have always been made in Asia. Dell shut two big American factories in 2008 and 2010 in a big move to China, and HP now makes only a small number of business desktops at home. The new manufacturing facility is being built not by an American company but by Lenovo, a highly successful Chinese technology group.

   The original ideas behind offshoring was that Western firms with high labour costs could make huge savings by sending work to countries where wages were much lower. Offshoring means moving work and jobs outside the country where a company is based. For several decades, that strategy worked, often brilliantly. But now companies are rethinking their global footprints.

Wages in China and India have been going up by 10-20 percent a year for the past decade, whereas manufacturing pay in America and Europe has hardly changed. Other countries, including Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines, still offer low wages, but not China's scale, efficiency and supply chains. Lenovo's labour costs will still be higher than in its factories in China and Mexico, but the gap has narrowed substantially.

  Also, American firms have found that manufacturing somewhere cheap and far away but keeping research and development at home can have a negative effect on innovation. One answer to this would be to move the R&D too, but that has other drawbacks: the threat of losing valuable intellectual property in far-off places becomes ever larger. And a succession of wars and natural disasters in the past decade has highlighted the risk that supply chains a long way from home may become disrupted.

V.Translation （3+3+4+5,共 15 分）

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72.年轻人很有探索和学习劲儿，这往往需要他们经常反思自己所犯的错误。（orient）

73.通过视频连线，那位依旧奋战在科研前线的物理学家兴奋地向人们分享着科学与工 程是如何擦岀火花的。（integrate）

74.这所知名大学在很多领域开展了一系列探索，致力于培养能够应对全球性问题，适 应跨文化合作的创新人才。（capacity）

75.感到孤独时，度假和旅行其实都解决不了这个问题，而我的解决办法就是不断追求 自己热爱的东西。（neither ... nor…）

VI.Guided Writing （25 分）

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

76. 你刚收听了一个电台节目，节目讨论了哪些课应该纳入到中学课程中，你做了如下的记录：

Which courses should be included in secondary schools9 curricula? 

Some opinions expressed in the discussion:

Ancient Greek and Latin computer course plumbing course 

"'Computer Science is more important than ancient languages."

"All students need to find about Latin and Ancient Greek authors.”

"We should include courses that teach something useful and practical to students."

请写一篇文章，讨论哪门课应该加入中学课程中。你可以借用笔记中的内容，但尽

量使用自己的语言和想法。

 II. Grammar and vocabulary

Section A

21. Whichever/Either   22. has undergone  23. reconsider    24. forming  25. of

26. devoted   27. which   28. making   29. that  30. find/have found

Section B

31-40 DCBGH IAEJK

III. Reading comprehension

Section A

41-45 DABCD 46-50 BCDAC    51-55 BDCBC

Section B

56-58 DDC    59-62 CDBA    63-66 ACAD

Section C

67-70 AEFB

IV. Summary writing

71.

American firms have been manufacturing computers in low-wage countries over the past decades. But now they are bringing production back home for the following reasons. Labor costs in developing countries are rising. Offshoring can harm companies’ innovation and is at high environmental cost and the solution of moving R&D too risks the loss of intellectual property. (56 words)

V. Translation

72. Young people are oriented toward exploration and learning, which necessitates reflecting on the mistakes they have made.

73. The physicist, who still endeavors/keeps working in scientific research, shares via video link how science and engineering are integrated.

74. This famous university has explored many fields and committed to cultivating talents with innovative ideas who have the capacity to tackle global issues and adapt to cross-cultural cooperation.

75. When a person feels lonely, neither going on a vacation nor taking a trip can solve the problem. My solution is to keep searching for what I am passionate about.

VI. Guided writing

76.

  Upon hearing the discussion on high school curriculum planning, I’d like to share my opinions.

   Computer courses are much more practical than learning Ancient Greek and Latin because they can help children navigate the ever-changing world of information technology.

  Today’s students, growing up with extensive exposure to digital technologies, need to be guided on how to utilize the technologies efficiently and responsibly. To even survive, let alone succeed in colleges and jobs requires a basic ability to retrieve, manipulate and apply information. Computer courses can satisfy these needs and equip students with information literacy and pragmatic computing skills, which are integral to all aspects of the life today and in the foreseeable future. By contrast, the application of ancient Greek or Latin is limited to very specific settings and the prevalence of machine translation makes learning ancient languages irrelevant.

   Beyond teaching practical skills, computer courses help students develop higher-order thinking and problem-solving skills, in that the process of creating and running codes is similar to that of problem solving, which includes decomposing a problem, searching for solutions by trial and error. Therefore, unlike plumbing courses, which are practical yet have little impact on students’ overall development, computer courses impart knowledge that is highly transferable and brings cognitive benefits.

   Therefore, I find it necessary to integrate computer courses into the current high school curriculum rather than Latin or plumbing courses.