高中英语人教新教材必修三全册词汇用法知识点清单（分单元编排）

高中英语必修三
词汇用法知识点
unit1
1.dress (sb) up 穿上盛装；装扮
•dress (sb) up as...(把某人)打扮成……
dress oneself/sb 给……穿衣(表示动作)
•be dressed in...穿着……(表示状态)
get dressed 穿好衣服
【点拨】①put on 穿上，戴上(表示动作)
②wear sth 穿上，戴上(表示状态)
③be in＋颜色　穿着……颜色的衣服(表示状态)
2.congratulation n.祝贺；恭喜 [pl.]贺词
•express/send/offer one’s congratulations to sb (on sth) (因某事)向某人致以祝贺
a letter of congratulation 贺信
•congratulatevt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪
congratulate sb on (doing) sth 因(做)某事向某人祝贺
eg. Congratulationsto Yang Qian on winning the shooting championship at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.(祝贺信)
祝贺杨倩在2020年东京奥运会获得射击冠军。
3.after all 毕竟；别忘了
in all 总共
above all 最重要的是；尤其是
first of all 首先；第一
at all 丝毫；根本
all in all 总的来说；最重要的是
eg. No one can easily succeed.After all, Rome is not built in one day.(建议信)
没有人能轻易成功，毕竟罗马不是一日建成的。
4.range n.一系列；范围，界限
vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化
•a wide range of 一系列……
within/in the range of 在……范围内
beyond one’s range 某人能力达不到的
•range from...to...在……范围内变动
range between...and...在……范围内变动
eg. In addition to these traditional activities，we have a wide range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.(推荐信)
除了这些传统的活动外，我们还有很多的选择，比如旅游、拜访亲戚或朋友。
5.figure n.人物；数字；身材vt.认为；认定
•keep one’s figure保持体形
have a good figure身材好
a political figure一位政治人物
•figure out理解；计算出
figure that...认为……；认定……
eg. (浙江卷读后续写)As we were approaching the farm，we saw a dim figure，which turned out to be Uncle Paul who was waiting for us anxiously.(人物描写)　当我们接近农场时，我们看到了一个模糊的身影，那是焦急地等待我们的保罗叔叔。
6.joy n.高兴；喜悦
【联想】“高兴；喜悦”一家亲：
①joyful adj.高兴的；快乐的　②delight n.高兴
③pleasure n.快乐　④happiness n.快乐，幸福
⑤enjoyment n.享受，乐趣　⑥pleased adj.高兴的
7.gratitude n.感激之情；感谢(appreciation)
•express one’s gratitude to sb (for sth) (因某事)向某人表达感激之情
•gratefuladj.感激的；表示感谢的
be grateful to sb for sth 因某事感激某人
I would be grateful if...如果……我将感激不尽。
8.agriculture n.农业；农艺
agriculturaladj.农业(劳动/生产)
【联想】industry n.工业　industrial adj.工业的
9.gather vi.聚集；集合
vt.聚集；搜集；收割；猜测
eg. This important agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in.(节日介绍)　这一重要的农业节日会在所有庄稼都收割完毕后举行。
Gatheringround the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.(活动介绍)
游客们聚集在篝火周围，和当地人一起载歌载舞。
(2020·浙江7月卷)Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children.
农业比狩猎和采集人均能生产更多的食物，所以人们能够养育更多的孩子。
Igathered from your letter that you are not satisfied with your new job.
我从你的信中猜想你对你的新工作不满意。
10.significant adj.有重大意义的；重要的(important)；显著的
•be significant to对……来说很重要
It is significant that...很明显……
•significancen.重要性；重要意义
be of great significance非常重要；有重大意义
attach great significance/importance to...重视；认为……重要
•significantlyadv.有重大意义地；显著地
eg. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Through participating in this picking activity，I have become aware of the significance of labour.(活动介绍)　通过参加这次采摘活动，我已意识到了劳动的重要性。
11.typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的
•be typical of 典型的，特有的
It is typical of sb to do sth某人一向做某事
•typicallyadv.典型地；有代表性地
eg. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It’s typical of our maths teacher to be very patient with us.
→Typically, our maths teacher is very patient with us.(人物描写)
我们的数学老师一贯对我们非常有耐心。
12.take advantage of 利用；(make use of)欺骗；占……的便宜
advantages and disadvantages 利弊
have an advantage over胜过，优于
be at an advantage 处于优势
【联想】“充分利用”的表达：
make the most of，make the best of，take full advantage of
13.reflect vt.映射；反射；思考；显示；反映
vi.思考
•reflect on/upon sth 反省/认真思考某事
be reflected in倒映在；反映在
•reflectionn.反射，反映；映像；沉思
self-reflection反省；自我反思
•reflectiveadj.反射的；反思的
【联想】“考虑，思考”的常用表达还有：
consider, take sth into account/consideration，think over
14.belief n.信仰；信心；信任
•hold the firm belief that...坚信……
have belief in相信……
beyond belief 难以置信；不可信
•believev.相信；信任
believe in 信任；信赖
believe it or not 信不信由你
•believableadj.可相信的；可信任的
unbelievableadj.难以置信的
eg. Ifirmly believe that with our joint efforts, the children there will have a brighter future.
→Ihold the firm belief that with our joint efforts, the children there will have a brighter future.(建议信)　我坚信，在我们的共同努力下，那里的孩子们会有一个更美好的未来。
15.faith n.宗教信仰；信任；相信
•have/lose faith in对……有/没有信心
•faithfuladj.忠实的
be faithful to对……忠诚
•faithfullyadv.忠实地
【联想】“信任；确信”单词集锦：
①convince vt.使确信　②confirm vt.确认，使确信　③rely vi.信任，信赖　④trust vt.相信，信赖
16.occasion n.特别的事情(或仪式、庆典)；(适当的)机会；时刻；场合；时机
•on occasion(s) 偶尔，有时
on the occasion of 在……之际
a formal occasion 正式场合
•occasionaladj.偶尔的
occasionallyadv.偶尔
【点拨】①occasion如果作先行词表示时间，意为“时刻；机会”，并在定语从句中作时间状语时，用when引导定语从句；
②occasion如果作先行词表示地点，意为“场合”，并在定语从句中作地点状语时，用 where引导定语从句。
17.to be frank 坦白说；坦率地说
frankly speaking 坦率地说
to be honest/honestly speaking 诚实地说
generally speaking 一般来说
18.go off 爆炸；走火；离开；突然响起
go by (时间)流逝，过去
go out (灯火)熄灭；过时；出去
go over 复习；检查
go through 通过；仔细检查；经历；浏览
19.represent vt.代表(on behalf of)；象征；相当于；展示
•represent sb/sth as/to be 把某人/某物描绘成……
represent sth to sb 向某人陈述/说明/传达某事
•represent sb(＝on behalf of sb)代表某人
•representativen.代表 adj.典型的；有代表性的
eg. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Representingour school，I’m glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game.
→On behalf ofour school, I’m glad to tell you something about the coming volleyball game.(告知信)　我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关即将到来的排球比赛的一些事宜。
20.respect vt. & n.尊敬；尊重；敬意；方面
•respect sb for sth 因某事而尊重某人
•have/show respect for sb 尊重某人
out of respect for...出于对……的尊敬
in all/many respects 在各个/许多方面
with respect to 关于；涉及
•respectfuladj.表示敬意的；尊敬的
respectableadj.可敬的；体面的
respectedadj.受人尊敬的
eg. This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect laboring people.(推荐信)　这种工作能让你珍惜自己挣来的钱，并尊重劳动人民。
unit2
1.carry sb through sth帮助某人渡过难关
carry sth through 成功完成某事
carry on with sth 继续进行某事
carry on doing sth 继续做某事
carry out 执行；实施
eg. It was my mother who carried me through my tough time in middle school.(人物描写)
是我母亲帮助我度过了中学时期的艰难时光。
2.majority n.大部分；大多数
•the/a majority of...大多数……
be in the/a majority占大多数
•majoradj.主要的 n.主修课程；主修学生
vi.主修
【反义】minority n.少数
in the/a minority 占少数
3.complain vi. & vt.抱怨；发牢骚
•complain (to sb) about/of (doing) sth (向某人)抱怨(做)某事
complain(to sb) that...(向某人)抱怨……
•complaintn.抱怨，投诉
a letter of complaint 投诉信
make a complaint about 投诉
eg. Imade a complaint about the poor quality of food and service in your restaurant, but no one responded to me.(投诉信)
我投诉你们餐厅的食物和服务质量很差，但是没有人回应我。
4.tuition n.(小组)教学；讲课
【联想】“费用”都要考虑到：
①fare 车费　②expense 花费　③charge 费用
④fine 罚款　⑤fee 费用；酬金　⑥tip 小费
5.respond vt.回答；回复
vi.做出反应(react)；回应
•respond to对……做出回应或反应；答复
•responsen.回答，答复；反应
in response to对……的答复；对……做出反应
make a/no response to对……做出回应/不予回答
【联想】“做出回应”的其他表达：
①react to　②reply to
6.appoint vt.任命；委派； 约定；指定(时间、地点等)
•appoint sb as/to be...任命某人为……
appoint sb to do sth委派某人做某事
•appointmentn.任命；约会；预约；约定
make an appointment with sb与某人约会
keep/break an appointment守约/违约
eg. I have to apologize to you for not being able to accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed time.(道歉信)　我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定时间陪你去书店了。
7.elect vt.选举；推选；选择(choose)；决定(decide)
•elect sb (as/to be)...选举某人(为……)
elect to do sth选择或决定做某事
•electionn.选举；当选；推举
eg. If I am lucky enough to win the election, the first thing I will do is to enrich our students’after-school activities.(演讲稿)
如果我有幸赢得选举，我要做的第一件事就是丰富我们学生的课外活动。
8.tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于
•tend to do sth易于/往往会做某事
tend (to) sb/sth 照看某人/某物
•tendencyn.倾向；趋势
have a tendency to do sth有做某事的倾向
【联想】“照顾”各种表达：
①look after　②take care of　③care for
④attend (to) sb
9.scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
•be scared of doing sth 害怕做某事
be scared to do...不敢做……
be scared to death吓死了
•scarevt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓
scare...away/off把……吓跑/吓退
•scar(e)yadj.令人害怕的；恐怖的，吓人的
eg. (2020·浙江7月卷读后续写)When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us，Iwas nearly scared to death.(心理描写)
当我意识到那头熊又回来攻击我们的时候，我几乎要吓死了。
10.sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的；(感官)敏锐的；剧烈的
sharpenvt.削尖；磨快；使提高；使改进
sharpenern.卷笔刀；磨具
eg. (2020·浙江7月卷读后续写)He exposed his sharp teeth，glaring at us as he ran forward.(动作描写)
他露出尖利的牙齿，边跑边怒视着我们。
(2020·浙江7月卷)Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp as you age.
随着年龄的增长，挑战性工作可能会帮助大脑保持敏锐。
Suddenly, he felt a sharp pain in the stomach.(情感描写)
突然，他感到胃部一阵剧烈的疼痛。
The car made a sharp turn to the left.
小汽车向左急转。
11.replace vt.接替；取代；更换
•replace...with/by...用……替换……
replace sb as 取代某人成为……
•replacementn.替换；替换物
eg. It’s good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them, but they can never replace your own culture.(演讲稿)
喜欢并向其他文化学习是件好事，但它们永远无法取代你自己的文化。
【联想】“代替”的其他表达：
①take the place of 代替
②take one’s place 代替
③in place of 代替
12.whisper vi. & vt.悄声说；耳语；低语
n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
•whisper to sb 向某人低声说
whisper sth to sb 把某事悄悄告诉某人
whisper sth in one’s ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事
It is/was whispered that...有人私下说……；据秘密传闻……
•in a whisper＝in whispers 低声地
eg. In the wedding ceremony, Jack whispered toher so that no one else would hear.
(人物描写)　在婚礼上，杰克低声对她说话，以免别人听到。
13.assist vt.帮助；援助
•assist sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事
assist sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
assist sb with sth 帮助某人某事
•assistancen.帮助；协助
with the assistance of＝with the help of
在……的帮助下
come to one’s assistance 帮助某人
•assistantn.助手，助理；售货员
eg. (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写)When he was worried that he couldn’t sell out the popcorn，Johncame to his assistance.(心理描写)
正当他担心爆米花卖不完的时候，约翰来帮助他。
14.in memory of作为对……的纪念
【联想】“in＋n.＋of”短语：
①in praise of赞美，歌颂
②in honour of纪念；向……表示敬意
③in search of寻找
④in charge of负责；掌管
⑤in favour of赞同，支持
⑥in terms of就……而言
15.tear n.眼泪；泪水 vt. & vi.扯(破)，撕掉
•in tears 流着泪；含着泪
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
be moved to tears 感动得流泪
•tear sth apart 撕碎某物
tear up 撕碎，毁坏
【联想】“in＋抽象名词”短语：
①in danger 处于危险之中
②in silence 沉默地
③in surprise/shock 吃惊地
④in despair 处于绝望中
⑤in anger 生气地
⑥in shock 震惊地
⑦in excitement 兴奋地
16.harm n. & vt.伤害；损害
•do/cause harm to 对……造成伤害
There is no harm in doing...做某事无害处
•harmfuladj.有害的，造成伤害的
be harmful to...对……有害
•harmlessadj.无害的
eg. Being addicted to online games is harmful toour physical and mental health.(建议信)
沉迷于网络游戏对我们的身心健康都有害处。
17.a great deal (of)大量
eg. (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写)Mrs.Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman.She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.
(人物描写)　梅雷迪斯太太是一位非常善良和体贴的女性。她花了很多时间看望穷人。
【点拨】①a great deal可作主语、宾语等；
②a great deal意为“非常、很”，可修饰动词或形容词、副词比较级；
③a great deal of后跟不可数名词。

unit3
1.fortune n.机会；运气
•seek/try one’s fortune找出路/碰运气
make a/one’s fortune 发财；赚钱
bring good fortune 带来好运
•fortunateadj.幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky)
be fortunate to do sth 有幸做某事
•fortunatelyadv.幸运地
unfortunatelyadv.不幸地
misfortunen.不幸；灾祸，灾难
eg. Determined never to come back before he could make a big fortune，Mike left home without saying a word.
迈克决定在赚大钱之前绝不回来，他一句话也没说就离开了家。
2.admit vi. & vt.承认
vt.准许进入(或加入)；容纳
•admit doing/having done/that...承认……
admit sb/sth to be承认某人/某物是……
•be admitted to/into被录取/被接收……
•admissionn.准许进入；入场费；承认
【联想】“be＋v.-ed＋to”短语：
①be opposed to 反对　②be attached to 附属于
③be accustomed to 习惯于　④be addicted to 沉溺于
⑤be devoted to 奉献　⑥be sentenced to 被判处
3.occur vi.发生；出现
sth occurs to sb某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits/comes to sb that...某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb to do sth某人突然想起做某事
【联想】“发生”词汇大全：
①occur vi.(偶然)发生
②happen vi.(偶然)发生
③take place(计划等)发生
④come about发生；产生(尤指不受控制地)
⑤break out(灾害等)爆发
4.head to(朝……)前进；(向……)去
head for 朝……方向去
eg. Many young people, most of whom were well-educated，headed forremote villages to realize their dreams.
许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好的教育，为了实现他们的梦想而前往偏远的村庄。
【联想】名词转化为动词：
①head n.头vi.前往　②nurse n.护士vt.护理
③face n.脸vt.面对　④bridge n.桥vt.弥合(分歧)，消除(隔阂)　⑤eye n.眼睛vt.看，注视
5.seek vt. & vi.(sought /sɔːt/, sought) 寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求
seek to do sth 试图做某事
seek (for/after) sth 寻找/追求……
seek out 挑选/找出
eg. You are busy doing homework, playing sports, making friends，seeking afteryour dreams.
你忙于做作业，做运动，交朋友和追求梦想。
6.earn vt. & vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
•earn money＝make money 挣钱
earn a living＝make a living谋生
earn the respect of sb赢得某人的尊敬
•earningsn.利润；收入，工资
7.select vt.选择；挑选(choose)；选拔
•select...as...挑选……作为……
select sb to do sth挑选某人做某事
select...from...从……中挑选……
•selectionn.选择；挑选
selectiveadj.选择性的；有选择的
eg. There is no doubt that we will select the best athletes to take part in the coming Olympic Games.(告知信)　毫无疑问，我们将选出最好的运动员参加即将到来的奥运会。
8.claim vt. & n.夺取(生命);宣称；断言；要求(拥有)，认领；索取，索要(钱)
eg. The scientist claimed to have discovered a new kind of medicine.
这位科学家声称发现了一种新药。
The police said that if no one claimedthe watch, you could keep it.
警察说如果没人认领这块表，你可以留着它。
Sheclaimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered.
她要求公司赔偿她所受的伤害。
The car crash claimed three lives.
那次车祸夺去了三人的生命。
9.apart from 除了……外(还);此外
eg. In order to learn English well，apart fromEnglish classes, I took an active part in English corner and other after-class English activities, which benefited me a lot.(演讲稿)
为了学好英语，除了上英语课之外，我还积极参加英语角和其他课外英语活动，使我受益匪浅。
【联想】
10.escapevi. & vt.逃走；逃脱；避开
n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱
•escape (doing) sth逃避(做)某事
escape from从……逃脱；逃避
escape one’s attention/notice逃过某人的注意
•a narrow escape九死一生；死里逃生
fire escape太平梯；安全梯；安全出口
•escapedadj.逃跑了的
【联想】不一样的“忘记，遗忘”：
①sth escape(s) sb某人忘记某事
②sb forget(s) sth某人忘记某事
11.bring about导致；引起(lead to)
bring back使回想起；使……恢复
bring in吸引，赚到
bring up抚养，抚育；提起；呕吐
bring down降低，减少
eg. Science has brought about many changes in our daily life, which inspires me to be a scientist.(演讲稿)　科学给我们的日常生活带来了诸多变化，这激励我去做一名科学家。
12.settle vt. & vi.定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)；停留；(使)处于舒适的位置
•settle in/into sth适应(新家、工作、环境等)
settle down定居；平静下来；舒适地坐下/躺下
settle down to (doing) sth着手认真做某事
settle a dispute/an argument/a matter 解决争端/争论/事情
•settlern.移民；殖民者
settlementn.解决；协议
eg. With so many problems to settle every day，I feel greatly stressed.(心理描写)
每天有许多的问题要解决，我感到压力很大。
13.construction n.建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构
•under construction 在建造中
•constructvt.建造，修建
【联想】“under＋n.”短语荟萃：
①under discussion 在讨论中
②under debate在讨论中
③under repair 在修理中
④under treatment 在治疗中
⑤under consideration 在考虑之中
14.to name but a few仅举几例
【联想】“举例”的表达：
①for example　　　　②for instance
③take an example ④give an example
15.suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身
n.西服；套装
•a suit of 一套……
suit...to...使……适合……
suit sb (fine)合某人的意；对某人很合适
•suitableadj.适当的；相配的
be suitable for sb(某物)适合某人
be suitable to do sth适合做某事
【点拨】①suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等；
②fit多指大小、形状的合适；
③match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。
16.contain vt.包含(include)；含有；容纳；克制；控制
•contain oneself 克制自己；自制
•containern.容器；集装箱；货柜
eg. After the meal，a lucky charm and a red pocket which contains lucky money will be given to everyone and some lucky words are said to each other.(节日介绍)
饭后，每个人都会收到一个吉祥饰物和一个装着压岁钱的红包，并互相说一些吉利的话语。
【联想】sth included或including sth包括某物

unit4
1.intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
intelligencen.智慧，智力
【联想】盘点“聪明”形容词
①smart adj.聪明的　　　②bright adj.聪明的
③wise adj.英明的
2.determine vt.查明；确定；决定(decide)
•determine to do sth 决心做某事
determine on/upon (doing) sth决定(做)某事
•determinedadj.有决心的；意志坚定的
be determined to do sth下定决心做某事
•determinationn.决定， 确定
eg. Heis determined to get ahead of others in studies, so he works day and night.(人物介绍)
他决心在学习上胜过别人， 所以他日夜努力。
3.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的(depressed)
•be disappointed at/with/about sth因某事感到失望
be disappointed to do sth做某事感到失望
•disappointvt.使失望
disappointingadj.令人失望的
disappointmentn.失望
(much)to one’s disappointment使某人感到(非常)失望的是
eg. (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写)As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared.(情感描写)　当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。
4.desire n.渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望(long)
•have a strong desire to do/for sth对(做)某事有强烈的愿望
•desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth 希望……做某事
eg. Young people have a stronger desire topursue a better life and are more skilled in using the Internet to look for business opportunities.　年轻人追求更好生活的愿望更强烈，也更善于利用互联网寻找商机。
5.on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
•boardvt. & vi.登上(船/车/飞机)
vi.寄宿
a boarding school 寄宿学校
•go on board 上船/火车/飞机
•go/get aboard (the ship/train/plane)
上(船/火车/飞机)
eg. The pilot asked all the passengers on boardto remain seated.
飞行员要求机上所有乘客在座位上坐好。
6.signal vt. & vi.标志着；标明；发信号
n.信号；标志
•signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
signal (sb) that 示意(某人)……
•traffic signals 交通信号灯
send out a signal 发出信号
eg. The driver rushed the injured to the hospital immediately，ignoring the traffic signals all the way.(动作描写)　司机匆忙把伤者送到了医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号灯。
7.lack n.缺乏；短缺(shortage)vt.没有；缺乏
•for lack of因缺乏……
(a) lack of缺乏……
•lack (for)＋名词　需求；需要(多用于否定句中)
•lackingadj.短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in sth缺少某物
eg. For lack ofhuman protection，the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.(报道)　由于缺乏人类保护，长江江豚的数量变得越来越少。
8.otherwise adv.否则；要不然；除此之外；以另外方式
eg. My parents lent me the money.Otherwise，I couldn’t have afforded the trip.　我父母借钱给我。否则，我是负担不起这次旅行的。
There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwisethe house was silent.(环境描写)
楼上正在放音乐。除此之外，房子里一片寂静。
It is not permitted to sell or otherwisedistribute copies of past examination papers.
不得出售或以其他方式分发以往的试卷副本。
9.beyond prep.在更远处；超出
【联想】“beyond”词块记忆：
①be beyond sb 使某人无法想象(或理解、做等)
②beyond belief 不可置信
③beyond control 无法控制
④beyond description 难以形容
⑤beyond expectation出乎意料
⑥beyond hope 没有指望
10.argue vt. & vi.论证；争辩；争论
•argue with sb(about/over sth) 与某人争论(某事)
argue for/against sth据理力争/反对某事
argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事
argue that...主张/认为……
•argumentn.论证；论据；争吵
beyond argument无可争论
【联想】“说服某人做某事”的其他表达：
①persuade sb to do sth
②persuade sb into doing sth
③convince sb to do sth
④talk sb into doing sth
11.shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的
【联想】形容词对比记忆：
①shallow→deep　　　②clean→dirty
③tough→easy ④sharp→dull
⑤wide→narrow ⑥positive→negative
12.result in导致；造成(lead to)
•result from由……造成；因……而产生
•as a result所以，结果(是)
as a result of作为……的结果；由于
without result没有结果；白费
eg. It is known to us that hard work results insuccess.
→As is known to us, success results fromhard work.(演讲稿)
众所周知，成功来自努力。
13.provide for sb提供生活所需
provide sb with sth＝provide sth for sb
给某人提供某物
eg. Nature has provided us with wealthy natural treasures，making it a happy home for us.(演讲稿)　大自然为我们提供了丰富的自然财富，使它成为我们幸福的家园。
【联想】“给某人提供某物”的其他表达：
supply sb with sth＝supply sth to sb
offer sb sth＝offer sth to sb
14.in closing最后
【联想】“最终；终于”家族：
①finally adv.最后；终于　②at last 最终；终于
③eventually adv.最后；终于　④in the end 最后；终于
⑤at length 最后；终于；详尽地
15.run out用完；耗尽
eg. In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural resources run out.(倡议书)
在未来， 爱护环境将变得很重要， 因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。
【点拨】各种“用完；耗尽”表达：
①run out of＝use up表示主动意义，主语一般是人；
②run out＝be used up表示被动意义，主语通常是物；
③give out 无被动语态，主语通常是物。
16.attachvt.系；绑；贴
•attach...to...把……固定/附在……上；连接
attach (great) importance/significance to...
认为……(非常)有重要性/意义
•attachedadj.附属于；依恋的
be attached to附属于；依恋
eg. It is high time that the country should attach great importance to energy saving and environmental protection.(倡议书)
是国家高度重视节能和环境保护的时候了。

unit5
1.apologise (also apologize) vi.道歉；谢罪(say sorry for)
•apologise to sb for (doing) sth因(做)某事向某人道歉
•apologyn.道歉；辩白
make an apology to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse one’s apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉
eg. I have to make an apology/apologise toyou for not being able to teach you to make Chinese knots this Saturday.(道歉信)
我非常抱歉本周六我不能教你制作中国结了。
2.in return作为回报；作为回应
•in return for...作为……的交换；作为……的报答
•in turn轮流，依次；反过来
by turns轮流；时而……时而……
eg. I wish I could do something in return forthe kindness I have received from him.
(心理描写)　我希望我能做点儿什么事来报答他对我的好意。
3.judge vt. & vi.评价；评判；判断
n.法官；审判员；裁判员
•judge...by/from...从……来判断……
as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为
•judging by/from...根据……判断；从……来看
•judgmentn.看法；判断力；判决
eg. Judging from/bythe story, it is only shallow people who judgea person from/by his appearance.(观点看法)
从这个故事判断，只有肤浅的人才会以貌取人。
【点拨】judging by/from用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。
4.scene n.(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面
on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上
behind the scenes在幕后；暗中
appear/come on the scene 出场；登场
eg. (2020·浙江卷读后续写)I quickly took out the camera and photographed the rare scene—we were robbed by a polar bear!
(动作描写)　我赶紧拿出相机，拍下了这罕见的一幕——我们被一只北极熊抢劫了！
【点拨】scene表示“场景；场面；地点”，如果作先行词，并在定语从句中作地点状语时，用where或in which来引导定语从句。
5.as a matter of fact事实上；其实；说真的
eg. (2021·全国乙卷)As a matter of fact/In fact, so much traveling was really a good thing because it made us close.(活动介绍)
事实上，这么多的旅行真的是一件好事，因为它让我们更亲密。
【同义】in fact, actually, in practice，in effect，in truth
6.by accident 偶然地；意外地(accidentally)
•by chance偶然；碰巧
by design故意地
by mistake错误地
•on purpose故意地
7.spot vt.看见；注意到；发现
n.地点；处所；斑点；污迹
•spot sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with散布；点缀
•on the spot当场；立刻；在现场
a scenic/beauty spot风景胜地
a historic spot名胜古迹
【联想】“看法”种种：
①scan vt.浏览；扫描
②stare vi. & n.凝视
③glare vi. & n.怒目而视
④glance vi. & n.扫视；一瞥
⑤witness vt. & n.目击(者)
⑥observe vt. & vi.观察
8.patience n.耐心；忍耐力；毅力
•have the patience to do sth有耐心做某事
have (little/no)patience with 对……(没)有耐心
with patience＝patiently耐心地
out of patience失去耐心；不耐烦
•patientadj.耐心的 n.病人
be patient with sb对某人有耐心
•patientlyadv.耐心地
eg. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Not only is my English teacher patient with us but also he is willing to pay attention to our mental health.So he is the person I respect most.
(人物介绍)　我的英语老师不仅对我们有耐心，而且他也主动关心我们的精神健康。因此他是我最尊重的人。
9.be about to do sth即将或正要(做某事)
be about to do...when...正要做……这时(突然)……
be doing...when...正在做……这时(突然)……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时(突然)……
had just done...when...刚做完……这时(突然)……
eg. Iwas about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.　我正要放弃， 这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
10.indicate vt. & vi.表明；显示 vt.象征；暗示
eg. His attitude indicates that he is not very happy with what you are doing.
他的态度表明他对你的所作所为很不高兴。
As is indicated in the picture, a boy is sitting at the table, absorbed in reading.
正如图画显示，一个男孩正坐在桌边专心读书。
The black clouds are gathering, which indicatesthat it is going to rain soon.
(环境描写)　乌云正在聚集，这暗示要下雨了。
11.in case以防；以防万一
in case of万一；在……情形时；如果发生
in this/that case在这/那种情况下
in any case无论如何；总之
in no case在任何情况下都不(位于句首时，句子部分倒装)
as is often the case这是常有的事
eg. There is no simple answer，as is often the casein science.(演讲稿)
这个问题没有简单的答案，这在科学上是常有的情况。
12.extent n.程度；限度；大小；范围
to a certain extent在某种程度上
to a large/great extent在很大程度上
【联想】仅一“字”之差的单词：
①fellow n.家伙→follow v.跟随
②affect v.影响→effectn.影响；作用
③statue n.雕像→status n.身份；地位
④extent n.程度；限度；大小；范围→extend v.拓展
13.hug vt. & vi.拥抱；抱紧
give sb a hug拥抱某人
give sb a hand 帮助某人
give sb a ring给某人打个电话
14.hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑
•hesitate to do sth迟疑做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth
(做)某事犹豫不决
•hesitationn.踌躇；犹豫
without hesitation毫不犹豫地
eg. (2019·天津卷书面表达)If there is something else I can do for you，please don’t hesitate to tell me.(建议信)　如果还有什么我能为你做的，请不要犹豫，直接告诉我。
15.manner n.举止；行为方式；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪
•in a...manner以一种……的方式；带着一副……的样子
•It’s bad/good manners to do sth做……是没有/有礼貌的
table manners餐桌礼仪
eg. It’s good manners tobring a gift，such as a bunch of flowers，when you visit a Chinese friend.(文化习俗)
当你拜访一位中国朋友的时候，带个礼物是有礼貌的，比如一束花。
【点拨】manner意为“方式；方法；举止；态度”时常用单数形式；manner意为“礼貌，礼仪”时常用复数形式。
16.willing adj.愿意；乐意
•be willing to do sth 愿意或乐意做某事
•unwillingadj.不愿意；不乐意
be unwilling to do sth 不愿意或不乐意做某事
•willingnessn.乐意
【联想】前缀un-的形容词聚焦：
①happy→unhappy不开心的
②healthy→unhealthy不健康的
③friendly→unfriendly不友好的
④academic→unacademic非学术的
⑤available→unavailable难以获得的；不能利用的
⑥likely→unlikely不可能的
17.permit vt. & vi.允许；准许；使有可能
n.许可证；通行证；执照
•permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth 允许做某事
Sth permitting...某事允许的话……(用于独立主格结构)
•a driving permit驾驶执照
•permissionn.准许；许可；批准；许可证
with/without permission得到允许/未经允许
ask(for) permission请求许可
【联想】双写辅音字母的过去式、过去分词和现在分词
①admit: admitted/admitted/admitting
②permit: permitted/permitted/permitting
③hug: hugged/hugged/hugging
④refer: referred/referred/referring
⑤prefer: preferred/preferred/preferring