专题02 核心词汇知识点串讲-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲（人教版2019）

这是一份专题02 核心词汇知识点串讲-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲（人教版2019），共9页。试卷主要包含了非谓语之过去分词作定语，非谓语之过去分词作宾语补足语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题03语法知识串讲必修第二册Unit 4 Histories and Traditions一 非谓语之过去分词作定语    定义： 过去分词是非谓语的一种形式，不可以充当谓语，在句子中可作表语、定语、状语、补语（主补、宾补）等。本身为被动的含义，同时也表示该动作已经发生或者完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。  1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：            We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。            My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。   2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句         The student dressed in white is my daughter.       =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。  3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，过去分词充当形容词功能，也需要放在不定代词之后。            Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？            There is nothing changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。  4. ①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独做定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left（剩余的），given（所给的），concerned（有关的）等。         There is little time left. Let's hurry up. 剩余的时间不多了，我们赶快吧。②过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后。         He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀请的人之一。③有些过去分词做定语，前置和后置意义不同。试比较：         This is a used car which is worth only 5，000 yuan. 这是辆仅值五千元的旧车。         The method used is very efficient. 所用的这个方法很有效。④过去分词可做非限制性定语，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，前面常用逗号与被修饰的成分隔开。         A girl，dressed like a student，came in and sat beside me.    一位学生打扮的女孩走进来，坐在我的旁边。      现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词与所修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，表示一个已完成的动作。现在分词与所修饰的名词之间存在主谓系，它表示一个正在进行的动作。         This is a letter written in black ink. 这是一封用黑墨水写的信。         There are so many people showing interest in surfing the Internet.许多人对上网感兴趣 二 非谓语之过去分词作宾语补足语  能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的情况有：    表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think。         I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。         He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。    表示“使得”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。         I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。         He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。         Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。    表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish等。I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。I wish my homework finished before five o'clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。    4. 在“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作with的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。         She usually works in her study with the door locked.    她通常锁着门在书房工作。         The murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind.    凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。练习：1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa.    A. invited       B. to invite      C. being invited     D. had been invited 2. The computer center, _____last year, is very popular among the students in this school.    A. open        B. opening       C. having opened      D. opened 3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.    A. pay        B. paying       C. paid         D. to pay 4.—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?   —The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers.  A. to solving; making          B. to solving; made    C. to solve; making          D. to solve; made  5. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.   A. being known      B. having been known    C. to be known     D. known6. I don’t want the children ____ out in such weather. A. take               B. to take          C. taken        D. taking 7. I don’t want ____ the children out in such weather. A. take                 B. to take          C. taken          D. taking 8. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.  A. finished          B. finishing         C. having finished      D. was finished 9. Helen had to shout ______ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear      B. to make herself hear  C. making herself heard     D. to make herself heard 10. Can you have the washing-machine ______ to my house?  A. send        B. to send       C. sent        D. sending 答案1. A    2. D   3. C   4. D   5. D   6. C   7. B   8. A   9. D   10. C  必修第二册Unit 5 Music 非谓语之过去分词作表语1．过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表主语所处的状态，常见的这种过去分词有:be interested, be surprised, be astonished, be amazed, be moved, be exhausted, be worried, be devoted, be pleased, be inspired, be encouraged, be excited, be delighted, be satisfied, be scared, be inspired, be encouraged, be excited…         Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。         Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys．终于婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。 2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。         The library is now closed. (状态)  图书馆现在关闭了。         The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday．(动作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。         We were amazed at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。非谓语之过去分词作状语1．过去分词作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。         When it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.当从远处看时，这幅画似乎更美了。2．过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。         Because I was worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these days.由于担心考试，我这几天感到不安。3．过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。         If they are grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。4．过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。         Though he was encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the teaching difficult points.   尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。5．过去分词作方式/伴随状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。例如：The patient got off the bed, and he was supported by the nurse.那个病人在护士的搀扶下下了床。 练习1．Yesterday we were deeply           (move) by the movie directed by Zhang Yimou．2．I am very            (delight) at the news that my brother got the first place in the long­distance race．3．We were all             by the             speech made by the well­known teacher．(inspire)4．My parents were            (satisfy) with the plan for our summer vacation．5．Tony is really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting            (bore)．6．            (guide) by an artist, the girl made great progress．7．Though           (defeat) many times, the man didn’t lose heart．8．            (worry) about their children’s safety, parents together with the teachers went into the mountains in search of the            (lose) students．9．            (praise) by the head teacher, Amy was excited all day．10．Completely            (examine) by the doctors, Mr．Lee went back to work right now．11．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are            (interest) in planting vegetables in their garden．12．We all felt            (excite) that Wu Dajing won the first gold medal for our country at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics．13．We feel            (honour) to have you here in our English Week Activities．14．Greatly            (touch) by the teacher’s words, he did a lot of things to help classmates．15．            (hear) the bell, the students began to enter the classroom．16．            (divide) into three groups, the students began to discuss the topic left over last time．17．            (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous．18．            (support) by his brothers, he could continue his study in the university．19．            (see) from the top of a thirty­storey building, Beijing looks more splendid．20．            (give) enough water and sunlight, the plant will grow to three metres．21．            (face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice．22．            (judge) from the number of cars, there were many people at the meeting． 答案1．Yesterday we were deeply moved(move) by the movie directed by Zhang Yimou．2．I am very delighted(delight) at the news that my brother got the first place in the long­distance race．3．We were all inspired by the inspiring speech made by the well­known teacher．(inspire)4．My parents were satisfied(satisfy) with the plan for our summer vacation．5．Tony is really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting bored(bore)．6．Guided(guide) by an artist, the girl made great progress．7．Though defeated(defeat) many times, the man didn’t lose heart．8．Worried(worry) about their children’s safety, parents together with the teachers went into the mountains in search of the lost(lose) students．9．Praised(praise) by the head teacher, Amy was excited all day．10．Completely examined(examine) by the doctors, Mr．Lee went back to work right now．11．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested(interest) in planting vegetables in their garden．12．We all felt excited(excite) that Wu Dajing won the first gold medal for our country at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics．13．We feel honoured(honour) to have you here in our English Week Activities．14．Greatly touched(touch) by the teacher’s words, he did a lot of things to help classmates．15．Hearing(hear) the bell, the students began to enter the classroom．16．Divided(divide) into three groups, the students began to discuss the topic left over last time．17．Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous．18．Supported(support) by his brothers, he could continue his study in the university．19．Seen(see) from the top of a thirty­storey building, Beijing looks more splendid．20．Given(give) enough water and sunlight, the plant will grow to three metres．21．Faced(face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice．22．Judging(judge) from the number of cars, there were many people at the meeting．