02 Unit 2语法篇-2022-2023学年高一英语单元复习(人教版2019必修第二册)

2022-2023学年高一英语单元复习过过过(人教版2019必修第二册)

 Unit 1语法

限制性定语从句

一、定语从句的概述

(2020·浙江高考)Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright hopes to get across through dialogue and action.

每一部剧都有一个剧作家希望通过对话和动作传达的主题或中心思想。

This is the woman whose name is known all over the country.

这是一位名字被整个国家所熟知的女士。

(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Molai went looking on his own and discovered a nearby island where he began to plant trees.

Molai自己去看了看, 发现了一个附近可以栽树的小岛。

先行词与关系词

1. 先行词: 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

2. 关系词: 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

3. 关系词通常有下列三个作用: (1)引导定语从句; (2)代替先行词; (3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。

4. 关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语; 关系副词在从句中作状语。

二、关系代词和关系副词的区别

定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的判断方法:

An Internet celebrity bumps into an apple seller who/that looks like a cheater on her way back home. (作主语)

一个网络名人在回家的路上碰到了一个看起来像骗子的卖苹果的人。

A class is like a family where I should get along well with others. (作状语)

一个班级就像一个大家庭, 在这个大家庭里我应该与其他人好好相处。

注意：关系副词when,  where引导的定语从句可以转化为“介词+which”引导的定语从句; 而why引导的定语从句可以转换为“for which”引导的定语从句。

三、介词+关系代词

　　当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时, 用which; 先行词指人时, 用whom。在这个结构中, 介词的确定原则是:

1. 依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。

She devotes herself to her common but useful work,  on which she spends more than 9 hours a day.

她致力于这项普通但很有用的工作, 每天花在这项工作上的时间超过9个小时。

More importantly,  there are teachers online to whom you can turn for help.

更为重要的是, 有一些你可以求助的在线老师。

2. 根据主句与从句之间的逻辑关系判断介词。

On New Year ’s Eve,  we will go outside to light crackers and fireworks,  after which we will come home to make dumplings.

在除夕夜, 我们将到外面放烟花爆竹, 之后我们回家包水饺。

3. 表示“整体和部分关系”, 介词常用of。与此同时, 在介词of之前常用一些代词或数词: some, any, few, none, all, both, neither, most, each, 百分数等。

There are 50 students in our class,  all of whom work hard and behave well.

我们班有50名学生, 我们都学习很努力, 并且表现很好。

4. 根据意思也可用复杂介词, 如 by means of, as a result of,  in front of,  in the back of等。

I am good at spoken English,  as a result of which I can communicate with foreigners fluently.

我擅长英语口语, 因此我能够流利地和外国人交流。

5. “the+名词+of+which/whom/of+which /whom+the+名词” 引导的定语从句, 可与“ whose+名词”替换。

We ’ve planned to hold an English drama festival,  the theme of which/ of which the theme is Love English & Love Drama.

→We ’ve planned to hold an English drama festival,  whose theme is Love English & Love Drama.

我们计划举办一个英语戏剧节, 它的主题是“爱英语, 爱戏剧”。

注意：在定语从句中, 有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用, 如look after, look for等。

The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. (正确)

The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. (错误)

四、定语从句中关系词的省略

1. 定语从句的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时, 关系词通常省略。

Who is the man (that/who/whom) you were talking to?

刚才和你讲话的人是谁?

2. 当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时, 可以省略。

China is not the country (that) it was.

中国已不是过去的中国了。

3. 先行词是way, reason, time, place等, 且它们在定语从句中分别作方式、原因、时间和地点状语时, 其后定语从句的相应关系词that/in which, why/that, when, where等可以省略。

(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)After a while,  she apologized for the way(that/in which) she behaved at the beginning.

过了一会, 她为自己刚开始的行为道歉。

The reason (why/that) he wanted to sell his house was that he needed a lot of money for his operation.

他想卖掉房子的原因是他的手术需要很多钱。

4. 由and, but, or等并列连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时, 第一个关系词可以省略, 但第二、三个一般不可以省略。

The book (which) you are reading and which is read by many young people is written by Mark Twain.

你正在读的并且被许多年轻人读的那本书是马克·吐温写的。

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. We hope they will have the same chance of getting knowledge __________ we do in the school.

2. The musicians __________ whom we have great interest toured Europe with us.

3. I drove away from home at 2: 00 p. m. to meet my friend at the airport,  __________ plane was arriving at 3: 40 p. m.

4. We have a small garden __________ we grow vegetables all the year round.

5. I shall never forget those years __________ I lived on the farm with the farmers. 

6. It ’s known to us all that September 25th is her birthday __________ we will never forget.

7. Who can give me the reason __________ he hasn ’t turned up yet?

8. They also helped those __________ had difficulty finishing the marathon. 

9. I have received your email __________ which you say that you are suffering.

10. I ’m looking forward to the day __________ you will visit our school.

Ⅱ. 完成句子

1. The number of people ____________________________ each year reaches one million.  

每年来这个城市参观的人数达到了一百万。

2. I will send you ____________________________ is A Dream of Red Mansions.  

我将送给你一本书, 它的名字是《红楼梦》。

3. The man ____________________________ at the meeting has been my friend for life.  

会上和我坐在一起的那个人, 成了我一生的朋友。

4. China is a country ____________________________.  

中国是一个拥有丰富的文化遗产的国家。

5. This is my pair of glasses,  ____________________________ I cannot see clearly.  

这是我的眼镜,  没有它我看不清楚。

6. The moment ____________________________ was rooted deeply in my memory.  

我们分手(part)的那一刻深深地扎根在我的记忆里。

7. I ’m writing to explain to you the reason ____________________________ last time.  

我写此信的目的是向您解释一下我上次缺席(be absent from)了您的课的原因。

8. We will ____________________________ many ancient Chinese emperors lived.  

我们将参观一个很多古代中国皇帝居住的地方。

9. Many scientists believe that the earth is unlikely to be ____________________________ life has developed gradually.  

很多科学家相信地球不可能是唯一逐渐形成生命的星球(planet)。

10. The writer has written many famous novels ____________________________.  

这位作家写了很多著名的深受年轻读者喜欢的小说。

III.根据汉语提示完成短文。

Last Sunday,  we went to the Confucius Temple 1. ____________________________(坐落于曲阜市). It has a history of more than 2, 000 years. We visited the Xing Tan 2. ____________________________(孔子授课的地方). Also,  we saw many stone inscriptions 3. ____________________________(有悠久历史和巨大价值). This is a meaningful visit 4. ____________________________(我学到了很多).  

参考答案

Ⅰ. 1. We hope they will have the same chance of getting knowledge as we do in the school.

2. The musicians in whom we have great interest toured Europe with us.

3. I drove away from home at 2: 00 p. m. to meet my friend at the airport,  whose plane was arriving at 3: 40 p. m.

4. We have a small garden where we grow vegetables all the year round.

5. I shall never forget those years when I lived on the farm with the farmers. 

6. It ’s known to us all that September 25th is her birthday which/that we will never forget.

7. Who can give me the reason why he hasn ’t turned up yet?

8. They also helped those who had difficulty finishing the marathon. 

9. I have received your email in which you say that you are suffering.

10. I ’m looking forward to the day when you will visit our school.

Ⅱ. 1. The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.  

2. I will send you a book whose name is A Dream of Red Mansions.  

3. The man with whom I sat at the meeting has been my friend for life.  

4. China is a country which/that has rich cultural heritage.  

5. This is my pair of glasses,  without which I cannot see clearly.  

6. The moment at which/when we parted from each other was rooted deeply in my memory.  

7. I ’m writing to explain to you the reason why/for which I was absent from your lecture last time.  

8. We will visit the place where/in which many ancient Chinese emperors lived.  

9. Many scientists believe that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where/on which life has developed gradually.  

10. The writer has written many famous novels that/which are popular with young readers.  

III.

Last Sunday,  we went to the Confucius Temple 1. which lies in Qufu city(坐落于曲阜市). It has a history of more than 2, 000 years. We visited the Xing Tan 2. where Confucius taught his lessons(孔子授课的地方). Also,  we saw many stone inscriptions 3. which/that have a long history and are of great value(有悠久历史和巨大价值). This is a meaningful visit 4. where/in which I have learned a lot(我学到了很多).