2022上海交通大学附中高一下学期期中考试英语含解析

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上海交通大学附属中学2021-2022学年度第二学期
高一英语期中试卷
（满分150分，120分钟完成）
第I卷
I. Listening Comprehension：（25% ）
Section A：Short Conversations
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.A. It doesn't matter to her when they start.
B. She's worried that she will make mistakes.
C. She'd like to get started as soon as possible.
D. It's so far in the future that they can start anytime.
2.A. Everyone told him to cheer up.
B. He's very pleased with his purchase.
C. Spending money put him in a good mood.
D. He had to pay a high price for his new phone.
3.A. The man will work with someone else. B. The man must complete some paperwork.
C. The man's application is lost for the moment. D. The man is not qualified for the job.
4.A. There are too many centers already. B. They aren't really going to build a center.
C. He knew about the planned construction. D. He hasn't been to the other centers.
5.A. She can't decide which class to take.
B. She's having trouble getting to school.
C. She can't find the kind of paper she needs.
D. She hasn't chosen a subject for an assignment.
6.A. The man hurried through the exam.
B. The room is too warm for a sweater.
C. The man will be late if he doesn't hurry.
D. The man put his sweater on the wrong way.
7.A. A retirement party. B. A freshman reception.
C. A birthday party. D. A class reunion.
8.A. It will probably rain tomorrow. B. It will rain much later in the week.
C. He needs to buy another umbrella. D. He will listen to the weather forecast.
9.A. He doesn't have to go to that play.
B. He prefers shorter plays to this one.
C. He liked the play better the first time he saw it.
D. He wouldn't see the play as often as the woman had.
10.A. The woman had better not go to Bronx.
B. He misses the days when he was in Bronx.
C. Bronx is quite far away from when they live.
D. He just has a rough idea of what Bronx is like.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11.A. To protect traditional agriculture.
B. To cultivate new species of plants.
C. To increase global food production.
D. To slow down the population increase.
12.A. It kills just bad insects. B. It breaks down easily.
C. It contains less poison. D. It makes plants look bigger.
13.A. Bt is expensive to use. B. Insects will be resistant to Bt.
C. Genetic engineers don't recognize Bt. D. It fails to work in terms of worms.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14.A. Who really invented television.
B. How television became popular.
C. What change television brought to us.
D. Why television took a long time to appear.
15.A. It was priced at 1500 pounds. B. Its images were not clear.
C. Its sound was not loud enough. D. It was designed by a German engineer.
16.A. John Logie Baird. B. Paul Nipkow.
C. Philo Farnsworth. D. A company named RCA.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17.A. How to select a good umbrella. B. How to treat minor aches and pains.
C. How to sharpen the senses. D. How to predict the weather.
18.A. They look darker. B. They look smaller.
C. They look clearer. D. They look cloudier.
19.A. It stops working. B. It becomes sharper.
C. It confuses substances. D. It detects fewer things.
20.A. They both have leg injuries. B. They have no umbrella with them.
C. They're too tired to walk any father. D. They've seen no signs to give them directions.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (1.5'*30=45%)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. ________ of Class Five do what they can to help the blind is known to everyone in our school.
A. The students B. Whatever the students
C. What the students D. That the students
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我们学校每个人都知道五班的学生尽他们所能帮助盲人。分析句子可知，be动词is前是一个主语从句，设空处缺少从句的主语和连接词，the students是主语，连接词that在从句中不作成分，无词义但不能省略。故选D。
2. Absolute poverty has fallen steadily since the industrial revolution, which is ________ yesterday’s luxuries have become today’s necessities.
A. what B. why C. that D. where
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：自工业革命以来，绝对贫困已经稳步下降，这就是为什么昨天的奢侈品变成了今天的必需品。A. what什么；B. why为什么；C. that引导表语从句时无意义，起连接作用；D. where哪里。分析句子可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话内容，结合句意可知，“自工业革命以来，绝对贫困已经稳步下降”是奢侈品变成必需品的原因，故用why引导表语从句。故选B项。
3. After ________ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
A. which B. it C. what D. that
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：似乎过了几个小时，他带着苦笑出来了。根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处单词引导从句作介词After的宾语，从句中缺少seemed的主语，指物，且没有选择范围，故应用what引导从句。故选C项。
4. As a general rule, it is best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends. That can get you into trouble, even in the United States, ________ people hold different views.
A. as B. because C. where D. which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一般来说，最好不要与你的商业朋友谈论政治或宗教。那可能会让你陷入麻烦，即使是在美国，人们也持有不同的观点。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the United States，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故选C项。
5. As many members ________ were present at the emergency meeting agreed to the capital increase plan.
A. like B. that C. as D. who
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：所有出席紧急会议的成员都同意了增资计划。先行词前出现as时，后面的定语从句只能用as；such...as...；the same...as...和as...as...等结构中，只能用as引导定语从句。故选C。
6. As soon as the invention was finished, Sissa Ben gave it to the king, who was glad and asked him ________ he would like to have in return.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：发明一完成，西萨·本就把它给了国王，国王很高兴，并问他想要什么作为回报。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事物，应用what。故选B。
7. At Rasa Sayang, there are eight outlets for dining, ________ the Japanese cuisine is excellent.
A. which B. of which C. that D. where
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在Rasa Sayang，有8个餐厅，其中日本料理非常棒。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词outlets，表示所属关系，作介词的宾语，指物，应用which。故选B。
8. From monuments ________define history, to towering skyscrapers, to a little red lighthouse under a huge suspension bridge, you’ll be treated to spectacular views.
A. when B. that C. where D. whose
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：从定义历史的纪念碑，到高耸的摩天大楼，到巨大吊桥下的红色小灯塔，您将看到壮观的景色。此处为定语从句修饰先行词monuments，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故选B。
9. Is there a magic wand that silently transforms you and those special people on journey into ________ sometimes can be a lifelong relationship?
A. it B. that C. what D. which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：有没有一根魔棒能让你和那些特殊的人在旅途中悄无声息地转变成一段有时可能相伴一生的关系？连接代词what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的人/事/物/话/地方”。分析句子可知，“____ sometimes can be a lifelong relationship”作介词后是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，引导词在从句中作主语，应用连接代词what引导词该宾语从句。故选C项。
10. John Lennon produced the music ________ many people danced, worked and talked during their teenage days.
A. that B. which C. in which D. to which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰·列侬创作了让许多人在青少年时期随之跳舞，工作和交谈的音乐。根据句意及句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，先行词是the music。短语dance to music表示“随着音乐跳舞”，所以设空处应填to，to是介词，应用关系代词which，在从句中作宾语。故选D。
11. Let’s ask ourselves what we would do in the particular situation, ________ our moral, spiritual and physical beings were threatened from every direction.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：让我们问问自己，当我们的道德，精神和身体都受到来自四面八方的威胁时，在这种特殊情况下，我们会怎么做。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词situation，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故选B。
12. On one of the baby’s upward “flights”, I snapped ________, ten years later, remains my favorite picture of father and daughter.
A. which B. that C. it D. what
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在这个孩子一次向上“飞翔”的刹那，我按下了快门，10年之后，仍然是我最钟爱的有关父亲与女儿的照片。A. which哪一个；B. that那个；C. it它；D. what什么。ten years later是时间状语，根据句子结构I snapped ________, remains my favorite picture of father and daughter.可知，此句是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，故选D。
13. Scientists call Emily’s idea ________ each part of a gun could be made identical by machines a step toward standardization of parts.
A. how B. that C. when D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：科学家称艾米莉的想法是，枪的每一部分都可以通过机器制造出来，这是朝着零件标准化迈出的一步。A.how 怎样；B. that 这个；C. when 什么时候；D. which 哪个。分析句子结构可知，这是一个同位语从句，连接词在从句中不作任何成份，只起连接作用，因此连接词应该用that。故选B项。
14. Vancouver is very international. You can find neighborhoods ________ Greeks, East Indians, Italians, and Chinese celebrate their cultures.
A. where B. which C. whose D. for whose
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：温哥华非常国际化。你可以找到希腊人，东印度人，意大利人和中国人庆祝其文化的社区。A. where在哪里；B. which哪一个；C. whose谁的；D. for whose给谁的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此句是限定性定语从句，先行词是neighborhoods，引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选A。
15. Some people feel ________ there are too many programs about crime and violence and ________ even educational programs don’t help children’s education.
A. /… that B. that…/ C. /…/ D. as if…that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：有些人觉得有太多关于犯罪和暴力的节目，甚至教育节目对孩子的教育也没有帮助。feel后跟宾语从句，第一空从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故用只起连接作用的that引导，可以省略；第二空同为feel的宾语从句，不缺少成分，句意完整，故用只起连接作用的that引导，不能省略。故选A。
16. What really delights a man is ________ you think him worth a compliment.
A. what B. whether C. that D. how
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：真正令一个人愉快的是你认为他值得称赞。分析句子可知，本句主语是What really flatters a man，is为系动词，后接表语从句，从句的成分和意思都是完整的，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选C。
17. In ________now looks like a line from a Shakespearean tragedy, there's Donald Trump's early declaration:" One day, the virus is like a miracle; it will disappear."
A. it B. that C. what D. as
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：现在看起来就像莎士比亚悲剧中的一句台词，唐纳德·特朗普早些时候宣布：“有一天，病毒就像一个奇迹;它将会消失”。在介词in后面作宾语从句。从句中缺少主语，连词应使用what。故选C。
18. It was with deep sadness that the House of Chanel announced the passing of Karl Lagerfeld, ________ talent for all the branding campaigns related to fashion it benefited since 1987.
A. of which B. whose
C. of whom D. from whose
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词和关系代词。句意：House of Chanel深感悲伤地宣布卡尔·拉格菲尔德的去世，卡尔·拉格菲尔德自1987年以来一直致力于所有与时尚相关的品牌宣传活动，令香奈儿受益匪浅。分析句子可知，本句有两个定语从句。Karl Lagerfeld为先行词，作talent的定语。所以关系代词为whose。在分析第二个定语从句，it benefited from 缺少宾语，所以whose talent for all the branding campaigns related to fashion 又作from的宾语。故选D项。
19. As part of the zero-Covid strategy, China publishes details of________ coronavirus carriers have been, in a bid to help with contact tracking.
A. how B. what C. where D. who
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：作为“零冠状病毒”战略的一部分，中国公布了冠状病毒携带者去过的地方的细节，以帮助跟踪接触者。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少表示地点的连接词，应用where引导。故选C。
20. It is one of the most surprising moments in Oscars history ________actor Will Smith walked on stage and slapped Chris Rock for a joke ________ Rock made about Smith’s wife’s hair.
A. which...that B. that...when C. when...that D. that...which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是奥斯卡历史上最令人惊讶的时刻之一，演员Will Smith走上舞台，打了Chris Rock一巴掌，因为Rock对Smith妻子的头发开了个玩笑。根据句意及句子结构可知，第一空是定语从句，先行词是moments，在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。第二空考查定语从句，引导词指代先行词a joke，在从句中作宾语，引导词应填that/which/不填。故选C。
21 Cigarettes smoking ________ about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
A. is appealing to B. is dedicated to C. is alarming for D. is responsible for
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：吸烟是导致约90%肺癌死亡的原因。A. is appealing to 呼吁；B. is dedicated to 致力于；C. is alarming for 令人担忧的是；D. is responsible for 负责，是......的原因。根据题意可知，吸烟与肺癌致死是因果关系。故选D。
22. When a favorable opportunity ________ itself, he would submit his proposition.
A. presented B. armed C. approached D. drove
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个有利的机会突然出现时，他会提交他的提议。A. presented出现；B. armed武装；C. approached接近；D. drove驾驶。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语present itself“突然出现”。故选A。
23. In 1986 when recession struck, more than three million were receiving unemployment ________.
A. claims B. benefits C. interests D. objectives
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1986年经济衰退时，有300多万人领取失业救济金。A. claims所有权；B. benefits补助金；C. interests利息；D. objectives目标。根据“recession经济衰退”和“receiving收到”可知，“benefits补助金”符合句意。故选B。
24. The development of vaccines and the strategy of lockdown help to ________ the epidemic.
A. contain B. withdraw C. spot D. figure
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：疫苗的研制和封锁战略有助于遏制疫情。A. contain包含，遏制（……的势力、扩张、影响），防止……蔓延；B. withdraw撤回，取回；C. spot玷污，认出；D. figure认为。根据“The development of vaccines and the strategy of lockdown”及常识可知，疫苗和封锁有助于遏制疫情。故选A。
25. Reading habits look different around China, where the average person ________ 10 hours and 42 minutes to reading per week.
A. spends B. devotes C. takes D. reaches
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：全中国的阅读习惯看起来有所不同，普通人每周花10小时42分钟阅读。A. spends花费；B. devotes投入；C. takes花费，拿走；D. reaches到达。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查devote…to doing sth.“投入……做某事”。故选B。
26. The police made an ________ to the public to remain calm in face of a possible terrorist attack in public places.
A. appointment B. appeal C. alert D. alarm
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：面对公共场所可能发生的恐怖袭击，警方呼吁公众保持冷静。A.appointment 约会， 任命；B.appeal 呼吁；C.alert 警惕，戒备；D.alarm惊恐。根据“The police ”以及“ in face of a possible terrorist attack in public places.”可知，警方呼吁公众保持冷静。故选B项。
27. Don't lose heart or feel frustrated if you are ________ by your dream school and you may continue to pursue and request an appeal to its Faculty Admissions Committee, trying to add something new about yourself.
A. turned in B. turned over C. turned down D. turned up
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你被梦想的学校拒绝了，不要灰心或者感到沮丧，你可以继续追求并请求其招生委员会试试，同时尽力增加一些关于自己的新东西。A. turned in交还；B. turned over翻转；C. turned down拒绝；D. turned up露面。由上文的“lose heart or feel frustrated”可知，在被梦想的学校拒绝后的条件下，感到灰心，感到沮丧。故选C。
28. The power of the Green Movement in Germany has made the country a leader in the ________ to recycle more waste materials.
A. approach B. point C. target D. drive
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：德国绿色运动的力量使该国成为废品回收运动的领导者。A.approach方法；B.point观点，见解；具体细节；要点；C.target目标，指标；（攻击的）目标；D.drive 驱车出行；强烈欲望，本能需求。in the drive to do sth在利益、需求、欲望等驱使下做某事，符合句意。故选D。
29. Atlanta was voted the best city in which to ________ a branch by more than 400 chief executives.
A. extend B. expand C. locate D. stretch
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：400多名首席执行官投票认为，亚特兰大是设立分行的最佳城市。A.extend延伸；B.expand拓展；C.locate确定……的位置，探明；设立；D.stretch（布料）可伸缩，有弹性；伸展肢体；伸出。根据句意可知，亚特兰大是设立分行的最佳城市。故选C。
30. During the Chinese New year's holidays, one tradition the Chinese enjoy is stuffing and ________ jiaozi, their favorite food, to be served with their New Year's Eve meal.
A. packing B. wrapping C. shaping D. covering
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中国的新年假期，中国人喜欢的一个传统是包饺子，他们最喜欢的食物，在他们的除夕晚餐。A. packing打包；B. wrapping包裹；C. shaping塑造；D. covering覆盖。根据上文“is stuffing and”指包饺子，应用warp。故选B。
Section B（20%）
(A)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. cover B. admitted C. basis D. association E. claiming F. impressed
G. graciously H. assume I. draft J. desperate K. defining
Ernest Hemingway was a commanding figure in 20th-century literature. He began the original ____31____of his first novel, “The Sun Also Rises,” which he finished in just nine weeks during the summer of 1925. Through his____32____ with F. Scott Fitzgerald, Hemingway’s work came to the notice of Charles Scribner publishers, who published “The Sun Also Rises” in 1926. This was Hemingway’s breakthrough, proving to be both a commercial and critical success. It ushered in a new writing style for which the world was more than ready. However, not everyone was ____33____.
In 1929, Fitzgerald also suggested numerous revisions for “A Farewell to Arms.” Hemingway took some of these, but less ____34____, and soon afterward his friendship with Fitzgerald came to an end.
As Hemingway’s start elevated, his private life began to be revealed. He had frequent fallings out with his literary pals as he started to ____35____ the role of the master to their apprenticeships. His temper was volcanic and would sometimes lead to fist fights.
In 1937, he made the decision to ____36____ the Spanish Civil War. Hemingway arrived in Spain as a reporter for the American newspaper Alliance. His months in Spain provided the ____37____ for Hemingway’s best-selling novel about the civil war, “For Whom the Bell Tolls”.
During the late 1940’s Hemingway’s excessive drinking began to take a toll on his physical and mental health. For the first time, the quality of his writing began to suffer, which was hugely frustrating for him. For the first time Hemingway felt the sting of literary rejection. However, he completed his next novel in just 8 weeks. “The Old Man and the Sea” became the ____38____ work of his career, silencing the critics and ____39____ the 1953 Pulitzer Prize for Literature.
In 1960, he was _____40_____ to the Mayo Clinic and given electroshock therapy to treat his depression. This robbed the master wordsmith of his greatest writing tool – his memory. Ernest Hemingway committed suicide with his favorite hunting rifle on July 2, 1961.
【答案】31. I 32. D
33. F 34. G
35. H 36. A
37. C 38. K
39. E 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了20世纪文坛的领军人物欧内斯特·海明威的个人经历以及成就。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：他开始写自己的第一部小说《太阳照常升起》的初稿。1925年夏天，他只用了9个星期就完成了这部小说。根据后文“of his first novel”，以及句意“稿件”可知应填单数名词draft，作宾语。故填draft。故选I。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：通过与弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德的合作，海明威的作品引起了出版商查尔斯·斯克里布纳的注意，他于1926年出版了《太阳照常升起》。根据后文“with F. Scott Fitzgerald”，作介词的宾语，结合句意表示“联合，合作”应填名词association。故填association。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，并不是所有人都对此印象深刻。根据上文“It ushered in a new writing style for which the world was more than ready. However, not everyone was”，以及句意“印象深刻”可知应填形容词impressed，作表语。故填impressed。故选F。
【34题详解】
考查副词。句意：海明威接受了其中的一些，但不那么客气，不久他和菲茨杰拉德的友谊就走到了尽头。根据后文“and soon afterward his friendship with Fitzgerald came to an end”，以及句意“客气地”可知应填副词graciously，故填graciously。故选G。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：当他开始在他的文学界朋友们的学徒生涯中扮演大师的角色时，他经常与他们闹翻。根据后文“the role of the master to their apprenticeships”，以及句意“假设，扮演”可知应填动词assume，上文为短语start to do sth.。故填assume。故选H。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：1937年，他决定报道西班牙内战。根据后文“the Spanish Civil War”，以及句意“报道”可知应填动词cover，to为不定式符号，应填原形。故填cover。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：他在西班牙的几个月为海明威关于内战的畅销小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》提供了基础。作宾语，结合句意表示“基础”可知应填名词basis，故填basis。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：《老人与海》成为了他职业生涯的决定性作品，让批评者噤声，并获得了1953年的普利策文学奖。根据后文“work of his career”，以及句意可知应填形容词defining，作定语。故填defining。故选K。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：《老人与海》成为了他职业生涯的决定性作品，让批评者噤声，并获得了1953年的普利策文学奖。根据后文“the 1953 Pulitzer Prize for Literature”以及句意“获得”可知应填claiming，故填claiming。故选E。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：1960年，他住进梅奥诊所，用电击疗法治疗抑郁症。根据后文“the Mayo Clinic and given electroshock therapy to treat his depression”以及句意“进入”可知为短语be admitted to。故填admitted。故选B。
(B)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. portraits B. resistance C. mixed D. forgotten E. concerns F. adaptations
G. explores H. alternatives I. criticizes J. regarding K. inspired

The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The story primarily ____41____ the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his crazy passion and obsession for the beautiful former lover Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald’s masterpiece, The Great Gatsby ____42____ themes of decadence, idealism, ____43____ to change and social upheaval, creating ____44____ of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties described as a cautionary tale ____45____ the American Dream.
Fitzgerald—____46____ by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island’s north shore—began planning the novel in 1923, desiring to produce, in his words, “something new—something extraordinary and beautiful and simple and intricately patterned.” Progress was slow, with Fitzgerald completing his story following a move to the French Riviera in 1924. His editor, Maxwell Perkins, felt the book was vague and persuaded the author to revise over the next winter. Fitzgerald repeatedly hesitated about the book’s title and he considered a variety of ____47____, including titles that referenced the Roman character Trimalchio; the title he was last documented to have desired was Under the Red, White, and Blue.
First published in April 1925, The Great Gatsby received ____48____ reviews and sold 20,000 copies in its first year. Fitzgerald died in 1940, believing himself to be a failure and his work ____49____. However, the novel experienced a revival during World War II, and became a part of American high school curricula and numerous stage and film _____50_____ in the following decades. Today, The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a competitor for the title “Great American Novel”. In 1998, the Modern Library editorial board voted it the 20th century’s best American novel and second best English-language novel of the same time period.
【答案】41. E 42. G
43. B 44. A
45. J 46. K
47. H 48. C
49. D 50. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小说《伟大的盖茨比》的故事概要，以及其作者F. Scott Fitzgerald创造这部小说的经过。
【41题详解】
考查动词。句意：故事主要讲述了年轻神秘的百万富翁杰伊·盖茨比和他对美丽的前情人黛西·布坎南的疯狂激情和痴迷。根据后文“the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his crazy passion and obsession for the beautiful former lover Daisy Buchanan”，以及句意“涉及，讲述”可知应填动词concern，作谓语，时态为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，故用第三人称单数形式。故填concerns。故选E。
【42题详解】
考查动词。句意：《了不起的盖茨比》被认为是菲茨杰拉德的杰作，它探讨了颓废、理想主义、抗拒变革和社会动荡的主题，描绘了爵士乐时代或咆哮的20年代，被描述为一个关于美国梦的警示故事。根据后文“themes of decadence, idealism”，以及句意“探讨”可知应填动词explore，作谓语，时态为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，故用第三人称单数形式。故填explores。故选G。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：《了不起的盖茨比》被认为是菲茨杰拉德的杰作，它探讨了颓废、理想主义、抗拒变革和社会动荡的主题，描绘了爵士乐时代或咆哮的20年代，被描述为一个关于美国梦的警示故事。根据上文“themes of decadence, idealism”，以及句意“抗拒”可知应填名词resistance，作宾语，不可数。故填resistance。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：《了不起的盖茨比》被认为是菲茨杰拉德的杰作，它探讨了颓废、理想主义、抗拒变革和社会动荡的主题，描绘了爵士乐时代或咆哮的20年代，被描述为一个关于美国梦的警示故事。根据后文“of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties”，以及句意“描绘”可知应填复数名词portraits，作宾语。故填portraits。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：《了不起的盖茨比》被认为是菲茨杰拉德的杰作，它探讨了颓废、理想主义、抗拒变革和社会动荡的主题，描绘了爵士乐时代或咆哮的20年代，被描述为一个关于美国梦的警示故事。根据后文“the American Dream”，以及句意“关于”可知应填介词regarding。故填regarding。故选J。
【46题详解】
考查动词。句意：受参观长岛北岸时参加的聚会的启发，菲茨杰拉德于1923年开始策划这部小说，用他的话说，他希望创作出“一些新奇的东西——一些非凡的、美丽的、简单的、图案复杂的东西。”根据后文“by the parties he had attended while visiting Long Island’s north shore”，以及句意“”可知应填过去分词inspired，作状语。故填inspired。故选K。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：菲茨杰拉德对书名反复犹豫，他考虑了各种各样的选择，包括引用罗马人物特里马乔的书名;他最后一次倾向的标题是《红白蓝之下》。根据后文“including titles that referenced the Roman character Trimalchio”，以及句意“选择”可知应填复数名词alternatives，作宾语。故填alternatives。故选H。
【48题详解】
考查形容词。句意：《了不起的盖茨比》于1925年4月首次出版，反响不一，第一年只卖出了2万册。修饰后文名词reviews，结合句意表示“褒贬不一的”应用形容词mixed。故填mixed。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词。句意：菲茨杰拉德于1940年去世，他认为自己是个失败者，他的作品也被遗忘了。结合句意表示“忘记”应用动词forget，与逻辑主语work构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填forgotten。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，这部小说在第二次世界大战期间经历了一次复兴，并成为美国高中课程的一部分，在接下来的几十年里成为许多舞台和电影改编的一部分。根据上文“a part of American high school curricula and numerous stage and film”，以及句意“改编”可知应填复数名词，作宾语。故填adaptations。故选F。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A (15%)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Winning personality
The modern manager has to play the role of team coach, i.e. be good at asking questions. What ____51____ the individual players? What is the role of a manager's personality in inspiring team performance? Since every corporation is a potential minefield (雷区) of personality traits, he or she had better also have ____52____ skills.
Karl Moore, an associate professor at McGill University in Canada, has written two recent articles on the role of different personality types in business. One of the most common ____53____ is between introverts (内向者) and extroverts (外向者). Mr. Moore estimates that around 40% of the population are introverts, 40% are extroverts and 20% are "ambiverts" who can ____54____ both characteristics.
Extroverts are most likely to go far in business. They are, after all, good at ____55____ themselves. While an academic study found that extroverts were 25% more likely to ____56____ a high-earning job. It may also be said a high-earning job would make anyone more confident and outgoing. Yet, personality traits tend to develop early in life.
The study also found that the children of ____57____ families were more likely to be extrovert. It could simply be that children who grow up in more prosperous homes are less likely to face the kind of stressful events that ____58____ self-confidence. People with higher self-confidence may apply for more prestigious jobs and may be more likely to believe that their efforts will be rewarded; those with a negative self-image may feel it is not worth trying too hard.
But introverts are also ____59____ climbing the greasy pole. A study in 2017 found that introvert executives were more likely to _____60_____ the expectations of the Board than their bragging, uber-confident colleagues.
Mr. Moore thinks that successful executives have to become ambiverts in order to succeed. Introverts must show _____61_____ or make an occasional stirring speech, when the situation calls for it. And extroverts need to shut up and listen to their teams — not least because when the manager speaks first, the team members will be _____62_____ to disagree.
_____63_____, managers also need to think about the different personality types when conducting meetings. It is easy for meetings to be _____64_____ by extroverts, who have a tendency to speak the loudest and most often. Introverts may never _____65_____ the discussion.
Managers have to spend time chatting to, and observing their team members before deciding how best to get them motivated. Managers need to be less like Henry Ford, and more like Sigmund Freud.
51. A. helps B. satisfies C. drives D. requires
52. A. educational B. interpersonal C. navigational D. vocational
53. A. approaches B. divides C. figures D. symbols
54. A. illustrate B. predict C. explain D. display
55. A. selling B. reaching C. wrapping D. representing
56. A. beat B. choose C. spot D. land
57. A. well-off B. positive C. needy D. harmonious
58. A. confirm B. strengthen C. weaken D. train
59. A. expert in B. afraid of C. concerned about D. free from
60. A. get rid of B. hold firm to C. live up to D. fall short of
61. A. enthusiasm B. determination C. innovation D. perseverance
62. A. ready B. reasonable C. reluctant D. responsible
63. A. Briefly B. However C. Similarly D. Instead
64. A. engaged B. occupied C. spoiled D. dominated
65. A. dedicate to B. contribute to C. account for D. answer for
【答案】51. C 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. A 56. D 57. A 58. C 59. A 60. C 61. A 62. C 63. C 64. D 65. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述不同性格类型的人在商业中的不同表现。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：个体玩家的驱动力是什么？A. helps帮助；B. satisfies使满意；C. drives驱动；D. require要求。根据下文“What is the role of a manager's personality in inspiring team performance?(管理者的个性在激励团队绩效方面扮演着怎样的角色)”可知，管理者的作用时鼓励运动员。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为每一个公司都是人格特质的潜在雷区,他或她最好也有导航能力。A. educational教育性的；B. interpersonal人际的；C. navigational引导性的；D. vocational职业性的。根据“also have ____2____ skills(也有……能力)”可知，这个能力与教练能力一致的，即引导激励队员的能力。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词A词义辨析。句意：其中最常见的一种划分是内向者和外向者。A. approaches接近；B. divides划分；C. figures计算出；D. symbols象征。根据“Karl Moore, has written two recent articles on the role of different personality types in business.(卡尔摩尔最近写了两篇关于不同性格类型在商业中的作用的文章)”可知，下文讲述的是不同的性格，因此词设空处其中的一个分支。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：摩尔估计，大约40%的人是内向者，40%的人是外向者，20%的人是“中间性格者”，他们可以同时表现出这两种性格。A. illustrate阐明示；B. predict预测；C. explain解释；D. display展示。根据“Mr. Moore estimates that around 40% of the population are introverts, 40% are extroverts and 20% are “ambiverts” who can ____4____ both characteristics.(摩尔估计，大约40%的人是内向者，40%的人是外向者，20%的人是中间性格者，他们可以同时表现出这两种性格)”可知，剩余20%的人会表现出两种性格特指。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，他们善于推销自己。A. selling推销；B. reaching到达；C. wrapping包装；D. representing代表。根据“Extroverts are most likely to go far in business.(性格外向的人在商业上最有可能走得更远)”可知，性格外向与商业推销有关。故选A。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：而一项学术研究发现，性格外向的人获得高收入工作的可能性要高出25%。A. beat打败；B. choose选择；C. spot看到；D. land登陆。根据“Extroverts are most likely to go far in business.(性格外向的人在商业上最有可能走得更远)”可知，外向的人更能找到好的工作。故选D。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究还发现，富裕家庭的孩子更有可能是外向的。A. well-off富裕的；B. positive积极的；C. needy贫困的；D. harmonious和谐的。根据下文“It could simply be that children who grow up in more prosperous homes are less likely to face the kind of stressful events(这可能只是因为在更富裕的家庭长大的孩子不太可能面临这类压力事件)”可知，此处在解释上句，描述的是富裕家庭的孩子性格形成。故选A。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可能只是因为在富裕家庭长大的孩子不太可能面临削弱自信心的压力事件。A. confirm确定；B. strengthen加强；C. weaken减弱；D. train训练。根据“the kind of stressful events that ____8____ self-confidence.可知，that引导定语从句，限定修饰stressful(压力事件)，压力事件会降低人的自信心。故选C。
【59题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但内向的人也善于攀高枝。A. expert in精通；B. afraid of害怕；C. concerned about关心；D. free from免于。根据“But introverts are also ____9___ climbing the greasy pole.”中的also可知，此处与上文外乡人的优势是并列关系。故选A。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：2017年的一项研究发现，与夸夸其谈、超级自信的同事相比，内向的高管更有可能达到董事会的期望。A. get rid of摆脱；B. hold firm to坚持；C. live up to不辜负；D. fall short of达不到。根据“A study in 2017 found that introvert executives were more likely to ____10____ the expectations of the Board than their bragging, uber-confident colleagues.(2017年的一项研究发现，与夸夸其谈、超级自信的同事相比，内向的高管更有可能达到董事会的期望)”可知，“夸夸其谈以及超级自信”在这里是缺点，所以这里内向的应表现更好的特质。故选C。
【61题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：内向的人必须表现出热情，或者在需要的时候，偶尔做一个激动人心的演讲。A. enthusiasm热情；B. determination决心；C. innovation创新；D. perseverance毅力。根据“Introverts must show ____11____ or make an occasional stirring speech(内向的人必须表现出热情，或者在需要的时候，偶尔做一个激动人心的演讲)”可知，or前后的名词是并列关系，即与stirring speech(激动人心的演讲)并列。故选A。
【62题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：外向的人需要闭上嘴，倾听团队的声音——尤其是因为当经理先发言时，团队成员将不愿意反对。A. ready准备好的；B. reasonable合情合理的；C. reluctant不情愿的；D. responsible负责的。根据“And extroverts need to shut up and listen to their teams(外向的人需要闭上嘴，倾听团队的声音)”可知，外乡人的不愿表达反对意见。故选C。
【63题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，管理者在开会时也需要考虑不同的性格类型。A. Briefly简短地；B. However然而；C. Similarly相似地；D. Instead相反。根据“___13____ managers also need to think about the different personality types(管理者在开会时也需要考虑不同的性格类型)”中also可知，上下文是并列关系。故选C。
【64题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在会议上，外向的人很容易占主导地位，他们倾向于说话最大声、最频繁。A. engaged参与；B. occupied占据；C. spoiled破坏；D. dominated主导。根据“who have a tendency to speak the loudest and most often.(话声音最大，频率最高)”可知，外向的人更能影响别人。故选D。
【65题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：内向的人可能永远不会参与讨论。A. dedicate to致力于；B. contribute to对……做贡献；C. account for由于；D. answer for对……负责。根据“It is easy for meetings to be ____14____ by extroverts, who have a tendency to speak the loudest and most often.(在会议上，外向的人很容易占主导地位，他们倾向于说话最大声、最频繁)”可知，外向的人愿意输出观点，内向的人与之相反。故选B。
Section B (22%)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)

The writer Martin Bailey believes Vincent van Gogh drew inspiration from Hokusai’s The Great Wave when he painted one of his most dazzling and celebrated works, Starry Night.
Side by side, the similarities are obvious. In the Hokusai, Bailey points out that the wave towers over the volcanic peak of Mount Fuji. In the Van Gogh: “The swirling mass in the sky hurtles towards the more gentle slopes of Les Alpilles.”
It is known by art historians that Van Gogh had a passion for Japanese art and was a keen collector of Japanese prints He particularly admired Hokusai’s The Great Wave which is today one of the most recognizable and reproduced artworks of all.
Starry Night was painted in the summer of 1889 when Van Gogh was in a small mental asylum on the outskirts of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.
“I did research on the other patients in the asylum and they were all in a terrible state so it must have been very, very difficult for him to adjust his life. I think it was art which kept him sane and gave him a reason to live.” He painted Starry Night in June, inspired by the night sky that he looked up at through the bars of his cell and the stunning Provence landscape with its wheat fields, cypress trees and olive groves.
Bailey argues that Van Gogh was also inspired, possibly unconsciously, by his memories of The Great Wave. “He didn’t have the print with him but he obviously remembered it in great detail. He had a very strong visual memory.” Bailey, however, insists that the comparison should not be seen as diminishing the brilliance of Starry Night. The painting was “a work of imagination with all sorts of conscious and unconscious elements which must have come into Vincent’s mind when he was doing the painting.”
“It is surprising no one has made this comparison before. I’ve put it to a number of Hokusai and Van Gogh experts and they have all said it is a very interesting theory. It is difficult to prove but my feeling is that it is highly likely.”
Starry Night is today regarded as one of Van Gogh’s true masterpieces although the artist himself never regarded it that way. “It is incredible,” said Bailey.
“If you go to the Museum of Modern Art in New York where Starry Night is on display there are more people with their cameras out in front of it than probably any of the other paintings there.
“Who would imagine someone living in a mental asylum would be able to paint such a marvelous work?”
66. Which of the following claims may Martin Bailey support?
A. The Great Wave and Starry Night have nothing in common.
B. The existence of The Great Wave makes Starry Night less brilliant.
C. Starry Night was created based on the general idea of The Great Wave.
D. Starry Night is a masterpiece inspired by The Great Wave to some extent.
67. According to the passage, what is the main similarity between the two paintings?
A. Both of them were created in mental asylums
B. Both of them depicted a rare natural phenomenon.
C. Both of them drew their main elements from Japan.
D. Both of them impress people with the natural power they embody.
68. According to Martin Bailey, which of the following statements about Starry Night is true?
A. Van Gogh sold Starry Night to make ends meet.
B. The painting was created when Van Gogh was in the wheat field.
C. The print of The Great Wave carried by Van Gogh inspired him to draw Starry Night.
D. The unique ability to memorize painting details might have helped Van Gogh complete Starry Night.
69. What can be inferred from “Who would imagine someone living in a mental asylum would be able to paint such a marvelous work?”
A. Those living in mental asylums have no chance to create great works.
B. The negative influence of the surroundings urge artists to draw better.
C. It is astonishing that artists are able to create masterpieces in terrible surroundings.
D. Only those staying in mental asylums are able to paint such an incredibly beautiful masterpiece
【答案】66. D 67. D 68. D 69. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲梵高的《星夜》与北斋的《巨浪》进行对比，并介绍《星夜》的创作背景和灵感。
【66题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The writer Martin Bailey believes Vincent van Gogh drew inspiration from Hokusai’s The Great Wave when he painted one of his most dazzling and celebrated works, Starry Night. (作家Martin Bailey认为Vincent van Gogh从北斋的《巨浪》中汲取了灵感，当时他画了他最耀眼和最著名的作品之一《星夜》。)”可知，作家Martin Bailey认为《星夜》是受《巨浪》启发的杰作，故选D。
【67题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Side by side, the similarities are obvious. In the Hokusai, Bailey points out that the wave towers over the volcanic peak of Mount Fuji. In the Van Gogh: “The swirling mass in the sky hurtles towards the more gentle slopes of Les Alpilles.”(两个作品比肩，相似之处是显而易见的。贝利指出，在北斋的作品中，波浪高过富士山的火山峰。在梵高的作品中，天空中旋转的云团冲向Les Alpilles更平缓的山坡。)”可知，北斋和梵高的作品都描绘了自然环境和自然的力量。故推知两个作品都以其所体现的自然力量给人们留下了深刻的印象。故选D。
【68题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“Bailey argues that Van Gogh was also inspired, possibly unconsciously, by his memories of The Great Wave. “He didn’t have the print with him but he obviously remembered it in great detail. He had a very strong visual memory.”(Bailey认为，梵高也受到了他对《巨浪》记忆的启发，可能是无意识的。他没有随身携带印刷品，但他显然记得非常详细。他有非常强的视觉记忆力。)”及“The painting was “a work of imagination with all sorts of conscious and unconscious elements which must have come into Vincent’s mind when he was doing the painting.”(这幅画是一幅具有想象力的作品，有各种有意识和无意识的元素，这些元素一定是Vincent在画画时进入他的脑海的。)”可知，Bailey认为梵高拥有非常强的视觉记忆力，在作画时他记忆中的元素会帮助梵高作画。故推知记住绘画细节的独特能力帮助梵高完成《星夜》。故选D。
【69题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““Who would imagine someone living in a mental asylum would be able to paint such a marvelous work?” (“谁能想到一个生活在精神病院的人能够画出如此奇妙的作品呢？”)”可知，作者通过最后一段表明：艺术家可以在精神病院这种可怕的地方创作出著名的画作，这是一件惊人的事，故选C。
(B)
AIR CANADA
Excess Baggage Fees
When travelling on Air Canada, the size and number of bags you check is limited by the free checked baggage allowance. If your baggage exceeds this free allowance (too many pieces, too big or too heavy), you will be charged an excess baggage fee.
Excess baggage is accepted subject to space availability. Currency exchange may affect amount to be paid. Applicable taxes are not included in the prices.
Note: Please arrive at the airport at least 60 minutes before departure if checking overweight or oversized baggage. More than one excess fee may be applied. For example, if the item is overweight and oversize, it will be charged twice.
For oversized (more than 115 in / 292 cm) or overweight bags (more than 70lb/32 kg), please contact your Air Canada Cargo Local Sales Office for handling.
Economy Class
Type of excess
Restriction
Excess Fee
More than one excess fee may be applied.
Overweight
Between 23 kg and 32 kg
(1b-701b)
$35 CAD ($30USD) per bag
Oversized
Between 160 cm and 292 cm
(63 in-115 in)
$35 CAD($30USD) per bag
Extra baggage More than 2 bags
North America
(Canada/US/Mexico)
$105 CAD ($91 USD) per bag
International
(all other countries)**
$175 CAD ($152USD) per bag
＊Sizes indicate linear dimensions per bag (length＋width＋depth)
**Excludes Brazil and Japan (Please contact Air Canada Reservations for details on excess fees to these destinations)
70. If an Air Canada economy class passenger has an item, whose length, width and depth are ________(cm) respectively, he will be charged an excess fee according to the table in the passage.
A. 60,40,20 B. 70,50,30 C. 80,60,40 D. 120,100,80
71. If an Air Canada economy class passenger has a bag, which weighs 30 kg and measures 202 cm, how much excess fee does she need to pay?
A. $35 CAD. B. $70 CAD. C. $105 CAD. D. $175 CAD.
72. An economy class passenger is going to travel on Air Canada economy class to France and he has three pieces of luggage, which weigh 18 kg, 25 kg and 30 kg respectively and measure 134 cm, 158 cm and 312 cm respectively. Which of the following statements is true of the passenger?
A. He needs to contact Air Canada Reservations.
B. He will be charged an excess baggage fee of $35 CAD.
C. He will be charged an excess baggage fee of $210 CAD.
D. He needs to contact the Air Canada Cargo Local Sales Office.
【答案】70. C 71. B 72. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则关于加拿大航空公司超重行李费用的说明。
【70题详解】
细节理解题。根据Oversized部分中“Between 160 cm and 292 cm(63 in-115 in)( 160到292厘米（63到115英寸）)”可知，如果加拿大航空经济舱乘客所携带的物品长、宽、深分别为80、60、40厘米，其总和为180厘米，故他将根据通道内的表格收取额外费用。故选C。
【71题详解】
细节理解题。根据Overweight和Oversized部分中“$35 CAD ($30USD) per bag(每包35加元（30美元）)”可知，如果加拿大航空经济舱的乘客有一个30公斤，202厘米的包，她需要额外支付35+35=70加元。故选B。
【72题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“For oversized (more than 115 in / 292 cm) or overweight bags (more than 70 lb/32 kg), please contact your Air Canada Cargo Local Sales Office for handling.(超大（大于115英寸/ 292厘米）或超重（大于70磅/32公斤）的行李，请与加拿大航空货运公司当地销售办事处联系处理)”可知，一位乘坐加拿大航空公司经济舱去法国的乘客，他有3件行李，分别重18公斤、25公斤和30公斤，尺寸分别为134厘米、158厘米和312厘米。D选项“他需要联系加拿大航空货运公司当地销售办公室”正确。故选D。
(C)
In July, a big study came out in the journal JAMA. It was titled “Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence.” This big headline seemed to confirm what a lot of people have been saying—that screen time is horrible for young people.
The study followed over 3,800 adolescents over four years. Part of what the investigators measured was the teens’ amount of screen time, including time spent on social media, as well as their levels of depression symptoms. One of their main findings was that higher amounts of social media use were associated with higher levels of depression. That was true both when the researches compared between people and compared each person against their own mental health over time. Case closed? Not so fast. Let’s take a closer look at this and other studies, and ask ourselves: What exactly is the relationship between social media use and depression? It turns out there are several caveats.
Caveat #1: The association between social media use and depression is, on average, tiny.
In this big JAMA study, the investigators compared social media use and depression between teens and found that those who used social media more had higher depression scores. Specifically, for every hour per day that one teen spent on social media more than her peers, she likely had a 0.64-point higher depression score. Within each teen, increasing their daily social media use by 1 hour was also associated with a 0.41-point increase to their own depression score. You may be asking, “But what does a 0.64-point increase mean? How much more depression is that?” Depression was measured on a 28-point scale, so these less-than-one-point increases are tiny.
Caveat #2: Not everybody has the same relationship with social media.
A different study published in 2018 identified five distinct types of social media users, and the take-home finding was that “problematic social media use” was one of the main themes for people whose mental health was affected by social media. What makes for “problematic” use? The researchers adapted the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale to cover all forms of social media. It includes questions like, “You use Facebook in order to forget about personal problems” and “You have tried to cut down on the use of Facebook without success.” These sound similar to questions about other types of addiction like alcoholism. You can have alcohol in your life without it being a problem, or your alcohol use may become problematic. It’s the same with social media.
Caveat #3: We don’t know if it’s really social media use causing depression.
There’s one important thing to remember about survey research—just because two things happen together, it’s not necessarily true that one causes the other. Another possibility is that something else entirely is causing some people to have both high levels of depression and social media use. For example, one interesting study shows that childhood maltreatment was associated with greater current social media use. It’s not hard to imagine that people mistreated in childhood also had higher levels of depression. In this case, depression may have nothing to do with how much someone is using social media.
73. The study published by the journal JAMA ________
A. found screen time is the cause of adolescent depression.
B. has researched more than 3,000 young adults over the span of four years.
C. concluded that teens who used social media more suffered from more depression.
D. found that teens who spent one more hour on social media had a 0.41-point higher depression score than their peers
74. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “caveats” (para.2)?
A. warnings B. approaches C. faults D. suggestions
75. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?
A. Almost all types of social media users experience problematic social media use.
B. The influence of social media use on depression has not been exaggerated.
C. People who are depressed always choose to spend more time on social media.
D. People mistreated during their childhood suffer from depression probably due to their childhood experience rather than social media use.
76. What can we learn from the article?
A. The more people use social media, the more depressed they will feel.
B. Social media use actually has nothing to do with people’s level of depression.
C. Higher depression scores will certainly stimulate people to use social media more.
D. People need to be more cautious when making judgments about the relationship between social media and depression.
【答案】73 C 74. A 75. D 76. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了最近的一项研究表明，青少年使用社交媒体越多，青少年会越抑郁。文章就这项研究结果提出了几个需要注意的地方。
【73题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One of their main findings was that higher amounts of social media use were associated with higher levels of depression.（他们最主要的发现之一就是，青少年使用社交媒体越多，青少年抑郁程度约高）”可知，发布在JAMA杂志上的研究结果表明使用社交媒体较多的青少年，抑郁越严重。故选C。
【74题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“What exactly is the relationship between social media use and depression? It turns out there are several caveats.（社交媒体和抑郁到底是什么关系呢？结果表明，有几处caveats）”以及后文“Caveat #1: The association between social media use and depression is, on average, tiny（一般来说，社交媒体与抑郁的关系很小）；Caveat #2: Not everybody has the same relationship with social media. （并非每个人与社交媒体的关系都一样）；#3: We don’t know if it’s really social media use causing depression.（我们知道社交媒体是否真的导致了抑郁）”可知，后文就此发布在JAMA杂志上的研究结果提出了三个需要注意的地方，用更多的研究结果来证明其研究结果有待进一步证实，故此处caveats与“warnings”意思相近，故选A。
【75题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For example, one interesting study shows that childhood maltreatment was associated with greater current social media use. It's not hard to imagine that people mistreated in childhood also had higher levels of depression. In this case, depression may have nothing to do with how much someone is using social media.（举个例子，一项有趣的研究表明，童年时期受到虐待与频繁使用社交媒体有关系。不难想象，童年受到虐待的孩子更可能抑郁，在这种情况下，抑郁可能与他使用社交媒体的多少是没有关系的）”可知，童年受到虐待的孩子更喜欢使用社交媒体，然而他们抑郁可能是与小时候的经历有关，而不是使用社交媒体有关，故选D。
【76题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段末“What exactly is the relationship between social media use and depression? It turns out there are several caveats.（社交媒体和抑郁到底是什么关系呢？结果表明，有几处需要注意的地方）”以及后文提出的三个需要注意的点“Caveat #1: The association between social media use and depression is, on average, tiny（一般来说，社交媒体与抑郁的关系很小）；Caveat #2: Not everybody has the same relationship with social media. （并非每个人与社交媒体的关系都一样）；#3: We don’t know if it’s really social media use causing depression.（我们知道社交媒体是否真的导致了抑郁）”可知，抑郁是否真的与社交媒体使用的频率相关还有待进一步证实，因此人们在发表此言论方面应更加警惕，故选D。
Section C: (8%)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be only used once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The typically bustling main campus of Pennsylvania State University is quieter than normal. Many students are tuning in to classes online from their dorm rooms. A town ban on gatherings of more than 10 people limits social life off campus. ____77____
“I can tell that the university is trying their best to give returning and new students the full experience that Penn State has the potential to bring,” says Sophia Melocchi, 20, a junior. “It’s just not the same.”
Across the country, colleges have taken a range of approaches to the fall semester. A Chronicle of Higher Education tracker of nearly 3,000 colleges found that of those with firm plans, 19% are opening primarily in person; 27% are primarily online; and 16% are, like Penn State, a mix.____78____
Schools that brought students back to campus quickly have run into problems controlling their behavior. Some have criticized universities for shifting blame for corona virus outbreaks onto the returning students. Penn State recently suspended a fraternity(联谊会)that threw a party with about 70 people, and it criticized other students for gathering, without masks and close together, in large crowds outside a residence hall. “I ask students disobeying the university’s health and safety expectations a simple question: Do you want to be the person responsible for sending everyone home?” Penn State president Eric Barron said in a statement. As of Sept. 4, more than 200 students at Penn State’s University Park campus had tested positive for COVID-19 since Aug.
____79____
That’s already happened at other colleges. Several clusters of corona virus cases in dorms at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill led the school to cancel in-person classes and move to a fully remote model on Aug.19, a week after classes began. At the University of Alabama’s Tuscaloosa campus, more than 1,800 students have tested positive for COVID-19 since returning to school.
____80____ “I originally thought that we would be sent home or moved completely online within the first two weeks of school, but we’ll see how it goes, because it seems like the school has it under control,” says CJ Scoffone, 20, a junior. “I hope it gets better and goes back to normal.”
A. But all are facing a semester unlike any other.
B. Barron said that trend could force a shift to fully online classes.
C. Mask requirements make recognizing faces and making friends more challenging.
D. There is kind of a general fear of going home because people choose not to wear the masks.
E. The 40,000 undergraduates at Penn State’s University Park campus are hoping their institution does better.
F. I’m thankful that I get to experience Penn State, even if it’s only a percentage of the Penn State that I knew in the years previous.
【答案】77. C 78. A 79. B 80. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新冠疫情给学校生活所带来的一些转变，全国各地的大学都采取了一系列措施来迎接秋季学期。
【77题详解】
根据上文“The typically bustling main campus of Pennsylvania State University is quieter than normal. Many students are tuning in to classes online from their dorm rooms. A town ban on gatherings of more than 10 people limits social life off campus.(宾夕法尼亚州立大学通常熙熙攘攘的主校区比平时安静。许多学生在宿舍里通过网络收听课程。一个禁止10人以上聚会的小镇限制了校园外的社交生活)”可知，上文主要说明了疫情给学校生活带来的改变，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明这些改变。故C选项“口罩要求使得识别人脸和交友更具挑战性”符合语境，故选C。
【78题详解】
根据上文“Across the country, colleges have taken a range of approaches to the fall semester. A Chronicle of Higher Education tracker of nearly 3,000 colleges found that of those with firm plans, 19% are opening primarily in person; 27% are primarily online; and 16% are, like Penn State, a mix.(全国各地的大学都采取了一系列措施来迎接秋季学期。《高等教育纪事报》对近3000所大学进行了跟踪调查，发现在那些有明确计划的大学中，19%主要是私人开办的；27%主要在网上；16%和宾夕法尼亚州立大学一样，是混合的)”可知，上文说明了全国各地的大学秋季学期的不同之处，本句为本段最后一句，推测应说明他们的共同点。故A选项“但他们都面临着一个与众不同的学期”符合语境，故选A。
【79题详解】
根据后文“That’s already happened at other colleges. Several clusters of corona virus cases in dorms at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill led the school to cancel in-person classes and move to a fully remote model on Aug.19, a week after classes began. At the University of Alabama’s Tuscaloosa campus, more than 1,800 students have tested positive for COVID-19 since returning to school.(这在其他大学已经发生了。北卡罗莱纳大学教堂山分校宿舍出现了几例冠状病毒聚集病例，导致该校在开学一周后的8月19日取消了面对面授课，转而采用完全远程模式。在阿拉巴马大学塔斯卡卢萨校区，自返校以来，有1800多名学生COVID-19检测呈阳性)”可知，后文的内容说明了面对面授课被取消，采用了完全远程模式，即向在线课程转变，故B选项“巴伦说，这种趋势可能会迫使向完全在线课程的转变”符合语境，故选B。
【80题详解】
根据后文““I originally thought that we would be sent home or moved completely online within the first two weeks of school, but we’ll see how it goes, because it seems like the school has it under control,” says CJ Scoffone, 20, a junior. “I hope it gets better and goes back to normal.”(20岁的大三学生CJ Scoffone说：“我原本以为我们会在开学的头两周内被送回家或完全转移到网上，但我们要看看情况如何，因为似乎学校已经控制住了局面。我希望情况能好转，恢复正常。”)”可知，后文大三学生对学校的期望是希望情况能好转，恢复正常，故E选项“宾夕法尼亚州立大学帕克分校的4万名本科生希望他们的机构做得更好”符合语境，故选E。
第II卷
IV. Translation: (5'*3=15%)
81. 美国人口一直在以惊人的速度增长，自从19世纪早期以来增加了不止一倍，总数达到了3.3亿。 (double) （汉译英）
【答案】The population of the USA has been increasing at an alarming rate and it has (been) more than doubled since the early 19th century, which numbers 330 million.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语，时态及非限制性定语从句。表示“美国人口”用The population of the USA；表示“以惊人的速度”用介词短语at an alarming rate；表示“一直在增长”用现在完成进行时has been increasing，表示过去的事一直持续到现在，仍继续持续下去；表示“自从19世纪早期以来”用since the early 19th century；表示“增加了不止一倍”用and it has (been) more than doubled，根据时间状语since the early 19th century可知，时态用现在完成时；表示“总数达到了3.3亿”用非限制性定语从句which numbers 330 million，which指代先行词The population，在从句中作主语。故答案为The population of the USA has been increasing at an alarming rate and it has(been) more than doubled since the early 19th century, which numbers 330 million.
82. 《老人与海》的成功之处在于海明威塑造了一位精神不败的渔夫，他凭着坚韧不拔的毅力和永不放弃的决心击退了鲨鱼。 (lie) （汉译英）
【答案】The success of The Old Man and the Sea lies in the fact that Hemingway created a spiritually undefeated fisherman, who fought off sharks with his perseverance and determination not to give up.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。结合句意表示“《老人与海》的成功之处”可知短语为the success of The Old Man and the Sea，作主语；表示“在于”短语为lie in，此处为一般现在时；后跟fact作宾语，that引导同位语从句，说明fact的内容；表示“海明威塑造了一位精神不败的渔夫”翻译为Hemingway created a spiritually undefeated fisherman，后跟who引导的非限制性定语从句，表示“凭着坚韧不拔的毅力和永不放弃的决心击退了鲨鱼”翻译为fight off sharks with his perseverance and determination not to give up，为一般过去时。故翻译为The success of The Old Man and the Sea lies in the fact that Hemingway created a spiritually undefeated fisherman, who fought off sharks with his perseverance and determination not to give up.
83. 要牢记：不能相信新闻上看到一切，而是要找到可靠的信息来源或者询问事件目击者。( bear, locate) （汉译英）
【答案】We should bear in mind that we can’t believe everything we read on/about the news; instead, we need to locate a reliable source of information or ask about witnesses of the event.
【解析】
【详解】考查从句和情态动词。主语为we；表示“牢记为bear in mind that…，为宾语从句。should后跟动词原形；表示“不能相信新闻上看到的一切”翻译为we can’t believe everything we read on/about the news；表示“而是”应用副词instead；表示“找到可靠的信息来源或者询问事件目击者”翻译为we need to locate a reliable source of information or ask about witnesses of the event。故翻译为We should bear in mind that we can’t believe everything we read on/about the news; instead, we need to locate a reliable source of information or ask about witnesses of the event.
听力答案：1 C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. B