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浙江省杭州学军中学2022-2023学年高二英语下学期3月月考试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份浙江省杭州学军中学2022-2023学年高二英语下学期3月月考试题（Word版附解析），共26页。
高二阶段性检测(英语)
第一部分 同步检测(共两节,满分20分)
第一节 首字母填空(选必二unit1,共10小题,满分10分)
1. His public speeches are in direct c________ to his personal lifestyle. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】contradiction##ontradiction
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他的公开演讲与他的个人生活方式直接矛盾。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填名词contradiction，作宾语，in contradiction to“与……矛盾”。故填contradiction。
2. Laughter is one of the most i________ expressions of emotion. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】infectious##nfectious
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：笑是最具感染力的表达方式之一。根据句意和首字母提示可知，此处填形容词infectious“感染的”，放在expressions前作定语，故填infectious。
3. S________ nothing, he walked right into the trap. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】Suspecting##uspecting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他毫无戒心，径直走入陷阱。逻辑主语he与suspect之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。置于句首，首字母大写。根据句意，故填Suspecting。
4. After an i________ surge of interest, there has been little call for our services. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】initial##nitial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在最初的兴趣激增之后，对我们服务的需求已经很少了。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填形容词initial ，作定语。故填initial。
5. Although I p________ it carefully, I still managed to spill some. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】poured##oured
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：尽管我小心翼翼地倒，还是洒了一些。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词pour，结合后文managed可知为一般过去时。故填poured。
6. He has employed one of the UK’s top lawyers to d________ him. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】defend##efend
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他聘请了一位英国顶级律师为他辩护。根据单词首字母以及句意“辩护”可知，空格处涉及单词“defend”，意为“（为……）辩护”，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填defend。
7. In the end he a________ the most important point from his long speech. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】abstracted##bstracted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：最后他从他的长篇大论中提炼出最重要的一点。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词abstract，作谓语，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故填abstracted 。
8. Her father’s illness c________ a cloud over her wedding day. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】cast##ast
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她父亲的病给她的婚礼蒙上了一层阴影。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词cast，结合语境可知为一般过去时。故填cast。
9. Public attitudes towards marriage have s________ over the past 50 years. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】shifted##hifted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在过去的50年里，公众对婚姻的态度发生了变化。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词shift，结合上文have可知为现在完成时。故填shifted。
10. She might have been killed if the neighbors hadn’t i________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】intervened##ntervened
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：要不是邻居们干预，她可能已经被杀了。分析句子结构可知，本句是if引导的虚拟语气，从句中应动过去完成时，所以空处应填动词过去分词，根据句意和首字母可知，应是intervene“介入”。故填intervened。
第二节 语法选择(共10小题, 满分10分)
11. They insisted that she________.
A. be invited B. was invited C. will be invited D. invite
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他们坚持要邀请她。分析句子结构可知，insist作“坚持”讲时，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可省略，主语she和invite间是被动关系，应该用被动语态。故选A项。
12. Ensuring every child equal rights to education is _____the key to the elimination of inequality across the world lies.
A. that B. what C. whether D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：确保每个孩子有平等的受教育权是消除世界各地存在的不平等的关键所在。此处where引导表语从句在句中做lies的地点状语，故选D.
13. _____ girls can be_____they would like to be, whether it is a pilot or an astronaut, is being accepted all around the world.
A. What; whomever B. That; whatever
C. If; whoever D. 不填; whatever
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】考查名词性从句引导词
【详解】句意：女孩子可以想当什么就当什么，无论是飞行员还是宇航员，这一点正在被世界各地人们接受．本题考查名词性从句中引导词的运用，第二空是be动词后面的表语从句的引导词，表示"职业"，用whatever，排除A和C；去掉逗号中间插入的部分可知，is前的主语从句"girls can be whatever they would like to be"从意思到成分都是完整的，故选择在名词性从句中不担任成分，无意义的that，故答案是B。
【点睛】名词性从句考查的关键是连接词的选用和语序，因此，我们首先要搞清从句的性质，掌握各连接词的用法，在此基础上判断．此外，关注名词性从句用陈述语序．题干中is being accepted 是谓语动词，前面是主语从句，第一个空用that引导，因为主语从句中不缺少成分，也不需要翻译，第二个空是be动词后面的表语从句的引导词，表示"职业"，用whatever，去掉逗号中间插入的部分可知，is前的主语从句"girls can be whatever they would like to be"从意思到成分都是完整的，故选择在名词性从句中不担任成分，无意义的that，
14. ________leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights.
A. Which B. Who C. Whichever D. Whoever
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句引导词。句意：无论是谁最后一个离开教室都应该关灯。根据句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，表示人，意为“无论谁”，应用Whoever引导。故选D。
15. It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming ________ it takes to be a good doctor.
A. that B. what
C. whether D. how
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：人们普遍认为，沟通技巧正逐渐成为一名好医生的必备条件。在名词性从句中，that无意义且在从句中不作任何成分；what“什么；……的东西”，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。whether“是否”，在从句中不作任何成分；how“怎样”，在从句中作方式状语。 “__it takes to be a good doctor”是表语从句，从句中缺少takes的宾语，故用what来引导。故选B。
16. With your help, there is no doubt ______ our plan is meant for will work out successfully.
A. what that B. whether that C. that what D. that whether
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连接词。句意：在你的帮助下，毫无疑问，我们的计划将成功地实现。there is no doubt…“毫无疑问……”,为同位语从句，从句中为句子做主语，for缺少宾语，所以用what来充当for的宾语。故选C项。
17. The reason ________ he explained was________ he was ill and unable to go to school.
A. why; that B. why; because C. which; because D. which; that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他解释的原因是他生病了不能去上学。本句中先行词the reason是定语从句he explained的宾语，指物，引导词用which或者that，系动词was后是表语从句，句子中不缺少句子成分，用that作引导词。故选D。
18. It is said________ was all _ __ he said.
A. that; that; which B. what; what; what
C. that; which; what D. that; that; that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查复合句。句意：据说他就是这么说的。分析题干可知，本题第一空为主语从句，此处关系词不作具体句子成分，故用that。第二空用指示代词that作主语从句中的主语。第三空引导定语从句修饰不定代词all，且在从句中作宾语，只能用that。综上，故选D。
19. ________ life exists on any other planet in the solar system still remains a question.
A. Why B. Whether C. How D. If
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：太阳系中的其他行星上是否存在生命仍然是个问题。分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，空格处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，句中指“太阳系中的其他行星上是否存在生命”仍然是个问题，“Whether”意为“是否”，引导从句，符合语境。故选B项。
20. The business of each day, ________selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
A. it being B. be it C. was it D. it was
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：每天的生意，无论是销售货物还是运输货物，都进行得相当顺利。分析句子结构可知，be it selling goods or shipping them是表示让步意义的虚拟倒装句，它是由whether it ( might ) be selling goods or shipping them这一句子省略whether后再将be移至主语之前而来的。故选B项。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑.
A
I was given a voice. That’s what people said about me I trained my voice, because it would be a shame to waste such a gift. I pictured this voice as a greenhouse plant and made sure it was provided with the right temperature, the right amount of water. I relieved its fears. I told it not to tremble. I nursed it, I trained it, and I watched it climb up inside my neck
My voice bloomed. People said I had grown into my voice. Invitations to perform flooded over us. All the best places wanted us. I was sought after, or rather my voice was. We went everywhere together and gave performances. Bouquets （花束）were thrown to it. Money was presented to it. Men fell on their knees before it. Applause flew around it.
Then my voice began to shrivel. People said my voice would bloom only for a certain term: finally it would drop off and gone with it would be all the fame and wealth. I have noticed it so far. Fear has entered me since my voice has used up most of my life. I’ve given it all my love. But my voice is still as greedy as ever. It wants more: more and more, more of everything it has had so far.
Now it’s evening: the bright lights come on, and excitement quickens in the streets. We sit in this hotel room. Soon it will be time for us to go out. We have to attend a grand occasion. The two of us chained together as always. I have to put on its favourite dress, its favourite necklace and wind a fur around it. Then I have to go out: shining like ice: my voice attached to my throat like an invisible vampire （吸血鬼）.
21. Why did the author compare her voice to a greenhouse plant?
A. To introduce her way to grow a plant.
B. To stress her hard efforts to train her voice.
C. To express her determination to show her gift.
D. To indicate her strong desire to improve her skill.
22. What does the underlined word “shrivel’ in paragraph 3 mean?
A. go up B. die away
C. grow more pleasant D. become less attractive
23. What can we infer from the last paragraph of the text?
A. The author totally ruined her fame.
B. The author gradually lost her freedom.
C. The author eventually accepted her voice.
D. The author greatly enjoyed her performances.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者具有天生的好嗓音，作者对声音进行精心地培养和训练，这给作者带来了名利，但作者也失去了随意运用和控制声音的自由。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I was given a voice. That’s what people said about me I trained my voice, because it would be a shame to waste such a gift. I pictured this voice as a greenhouse plant and made sure it was provided with the right temperature, the right amount of water. I relieved its fears. I told it not to tremble. I nursed it, I trained it, and I watched it climb up inside my neck.(我被赋予了声音。这是人们对我的评价，我训练了自己的声音，因为浪费这样的天赋太可惜了。我把这个声音想象成温室里的植物，并确保它有合适的温度，合适的水量。我消除了它的恐惧。我叫它不要发抖。我照顾它，训练它，看着它爬上我的脖子。)”可知作者天生好声音，并且觉得浪费这样的天赋会很可惜，所以作者就像是培养植物一样努力地培养训练自己的声音，B项“强调她努力训练嗓音”切题，故选B项。
【22题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“People said my voice would bloom only for a certain term： finally it would drop off and gone with it would be all the fame and wealth.(人们说我的声音只会在某一个时期绽放：最后它会落下，随之而去的将是所有的名利。)”可知作者的声音开始失去吸引力，shrivel本意为“枯萎，皱缩”，在本句中指吸引力变少，故选D项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now it’s evening: the bright lights come on, and excitement quickens in the streets. We sit in this hotel room. Soon it will be time for us to go out. We have to attend a grand occasion. the two of us chained together as always. I have to put on its favourite dress， its favourite necklace and wind a fur around it. Then I have to go out： shining like ice： my voice attached to my throat like an invisible vampire （吸血鬼）.(现在是傍晚了：明亮的灯光亮了起来，街上的人们兴奋起来了。我们坐在这个旅馆房间里。很快我们就要出去了。我们必须出席一个盛大的场合。我们俩像往常一样被锁在一起。我得穿上它最喜欢的衣服，它最喜欢的项链，在它周围缠上一层毛皮。然后我要出去：像冰一样闪闪发光：我的声音像一个看不见的吸血鬼附在我的喉咙上。)”中的“我们俩像往常一样被锁在一起。”与“我的声音像一个看不见的吸血鬼附在我的喉咙上。”可知作者的声音已经无法自由地控制,要不断地给声音进行装饰，并且这让作者失去了随意运用声音的自由。故选B项。
B
Six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom brick by brick, imagining fairy-tale castles and fire-breathing dragons. This fantasy is helping her take first steps towards creativity. Minutes later, when she is playing board games with her brother, she’s learning to follow rules and take turns with a partner. Although she isn’t aware of it, this will play an important role in her adult life.
“Play in all its rich variety is one of the highest achievements of the human species,” says Dr. David Whitebread from the University of Cambridge. He’s also mindful of the worldwide decline of play. “The opportunities for free play, which I experienced almost every day of my childhood, are becoming increasingly scarce now.” He says. Outdoor play is restricted by parents’ perceptions of risk to do with traffic, as well as their increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime, and by their emphasis on “earlier is better” which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.
Many researchers highlight play’s role in children’s development. Dr. Gibson said, “Playful behavior is an important indicator of healthy social development. In my previous research, I investigated how observing children at play can give us important clues about their well-being.” In Baker’s study, she found that preschoolers with greater self-control solved problems more quickly. Giving children the chance to play will make them more successful problem-solvers in the long run.
Whitebread’s recent research has involved developing a play-based approach to supporting children’s writing. “Many primary school children find writing difficult but we have shown that a playful stimulus (激励因素)was far more effective than an instructional one. Children can write longer and better-structured stories when they first play with dolls representing characters in the story.”
Somehow the importance of play has been lost in recent decades. It’s regarded as something insignificant, or even as something negative that contrasts with “work”. Let’s not lose sight of its benefits, and the fundamental contributions it makes to human achievements in the arts, sciences and technology. Let’s make sure children have a rich diet of play experiences.
24. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To illustrate the benefits of too much spare time.
B. To describe a kid’s peaceful and happy childhood.
C. To present the importance of a rich variety of play.
D. To introduce the distinctive functions of different toys.
25. According to paragraph 2, outdoor playing is declining probably because parents________.
A. show concern over traffic jam on the way to play
B. worry their kids will fall victim to being cheated
C. perceive play as the opposite side of hard work
D. attach importance to academic learning in advance
26. What has Dr. Whitebread’s recent research found out?
A. Children with greater self-control solve problems faster.
B. Children at play often show hints about their well-being.
C. Students write better when they integrate work with play.
D. Play promotes healthy social and emotional development.
27. How does the author feel about current people’s awareness of play?
A. Negative. B. Concerned. C. Inspired. D. Satisfied.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章开头以一个孩子玩游戏的背景，提出了玩游戏对孩子成长的种种好处，并用了一些实验证明了这些观点，最后建议人们不要忽视玩游戏的好处并且给孩子时间去玩。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom brick by brick, imagining fairy-tale castles and fire-breathing dragons. This fantasy is helping her take first steps towards creativity. Minutes later, when she is playing board games with her brother, she's learning to follow rules and take turns with a partner. Although she isn't aware of it, this will play an important role in her adult life.(六岁的爱丽丝正在一砖一瓦地建造一个神奇的王国，想象着童话中的城堡和喷火龙。这种幻想帮助她迈出了创造的第一步。几分钟后，当她和弟弟玩桌游时，她学会了遵守规则，和一个伙伴轮流玩。虽然她没有意识到这一点，但这将在她的成年生活中发挥重要作用)”可知，第一段目的是为了呈现丰富多样的游戏的重要性。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Outdoor play is restricted by parents' perceptions of risk to do with traffic, as well as their increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime, and by their emphasis on ‘earlier is better’ which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.(由于家长们对交通风险的认知，以及他们越来越希望保护孩子不成为犯罪的受害者，以及他们强调“越早越好”，户外玩耍受到了限制，这导致了学术学习和学校竞争的加剧)”可知，户外活动的减少可能是因为父母提前重视学术学习。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Whitebread’s recent research has involved developing a play-based approach to supporting children's writing. “Many primary school children find writing difficult, but we have shown that a playful stimulus (激励因素) was far more effective than an instructional one. Children can write longer and better-structured stories when they first play with dolls representing characters in the story.(怀特布莱特最近的研究涉及开发一种基于游戏的方法来支持儿童写作。“许多小学生觉得写作很难，但我们已经证明，好玩的刺激远比教学更有效。当孩子们第一次玩代表故事人物的玩偶时，他们就能写出更长、结构更好的故事。”)”可知，怀特布莱特博士最近的研究发现当学生把学习和娱乐结合起来时，他们的作文写得更好。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Somehow the importance of play has been lost in recent decades. It’s regarded as something insignificant, or even as something negative that contrasts with “work”. Let’s not lose sight of its benefits, and the fundamental contributions it makes to human achievements in the arts, sciences and technology. Let’s make sure children have a rich diet of play experiences.(在最近的几十年里，玩耍的重要性不知怎的被忽视了。它被认为是一些无关紧要的东西，甚至被认为是与学习相反的消极的东西。让我们不要忽视它的好处，以及它对人类艺术、科学和技术成就的根本贡献。让我们确保孩子们拥有丰富的游戏体验)”可知，作者对当前人们对小孩玩耍的意识是担忧的。故选B。
C
Though plastic shopping bags are cheap and useful, they cause widespread pollution. Now, we may have an unlikely helper to help clean up our garbage — a small wax worm.
The worm’s hidden skills were discovered by accident. About two years ago, Federica Bertocchini, a developmental biologist at the Spanish National Research Council and an amateur beekeeper, was cleaning out bees’ nest that had been filled with worms. She removed the worms and put them in a plastic bag while doing the cleaning. After finishing, she went back to the room where she had left the worms, and found they had escaped from the bag. When she checked, she saw that the bag was full of holes.
Realizing she may have made an important discovery, Bertocchini teamed up with other researchers to conduct further research. They began by placing 100 worms on some plastic bags and discovered that over a 24-hour period, the worms managed to chew through 92 milligrams of plastic. The researchers make an appropriate judgment that at this rate, the group of worms could degrade (降解) an average-sized 5.5-gram plastic bag within a month. To rule out the possibility that chewing was causing the degradation, the researchers spread the soft wet substance inside the body of some recently dead worms on a sheet of plastic. Sure enough, even the liquid was able to eat through the material, confirming that the worms have plastic-digesting enzymes (酶).
While the news is certainly encouraging, not everyone is convinced. The Michigan State University’s Ramani Narayan believes the tiny pieces of microplastics released by the plastic-eating worms would pick up harmful substances and transport them up the food chain, causing, even more, harm to the environment and human health. Susan Selke, director of Michigan State University School of Packaging, is concerned that the worms will not be able to survive in an oxygen-free landfills where large amounts of waste material are buried under the earth.
However, Bertocchini is not planning to transport worm armies to landfills. Instead, the researcher wants to identify the enzyme that helps degrade the plastic. The researcher says, maybe we can find the molecule (分子) and produce it on an industrial level, rather than using a million worms in a plastic bag.
28. What did the experiment of using dead worms find out?
A. Worms’ chewing may cause the degradation.
B. A plastic-eating chemical exists in wax worms.
C. Dead worms are effective in dealing with plastic.
D. It takes a long time for worms to degrade plastic.
29. What is Ramani Naravan's attitude to Bertocchini's finding?
A. Objective B. Convinced C. Questioning. D. Optimistic.
30. What might Bertocchini focus her later research on?
A. The structure of plastic-degrading enzymes.
B. The use of other worms in disposing plastic.
C. Wax worms’ adaptability to the landfill environment.
D. The chance of producing wax worms on a large scale.
31. What is the best title for the text?
A. Can wax worms save the environment?
B Wax worms have an appetite for plastic.
C. Why do wax worms have plastic-eating skills?
D. Hungry worms join the fight against plastic pollution
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍喜欢吃塑料的蜡虫。通过研究发现这种虫子具有塑料消化酶，尽管虽然这个消息确实令人鼓舞，但并不是每个人都信服，有些人认为吃塑料的蠕虫释放出的微小塑料碎片会收集有害物质并将它们输送到食物链上，对环境和人类健康造成更大的危害。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中To rule out the possibility that chewing was causing the degradation, the researchers spread the soft wet substance inside the body of some recently dead worms on a sheet of plastic. Sure enough, even the liquid was able to eat through the material, confirming that the worms have plastic-digesting enzymes (酶).“为了排除咀嚼导致退化可能性，研究人员将这种柔软湿润的物质撒在一些刚死的蠕虫体内的一张塑料上。可以肯定的是，即使是液体也能吃掉这些物质，这就证实了蠕虫有塑料消化酶。”由此可知，用死虫做的实验发现“蜡虫体内存在一种能吃塑料的化学物质。”故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中While the news is certainly encouraging, not everyone is convinced. The Michigan State University’s Ramani Narayan believes the tiny pieces of microplastics released by the plastic-eating worms would pick up harmful substances and transport them up the food chain, causing, even more, harm to the environment and human health.“尽管这一消息确实令人鼓舞，但并非所有人都对此深信不疑。密歇根州立大学的Ramani Narayan认为，这些以塑料为食的蠕虫释放的微小塑料微粒会带走有害物质，并将其转移到食物链中，对环境和人类健康造成更大的危害。”由此可知，Ramani Naravan对Bertocchini的发现持“怀疑”态度。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Instead, the researcher wants to identify the enzyme that helps degrade the plastic. The researcher says, maybe we can find the molecule (分子) and produce it on an industrial level, rather than using a million worms in a plastic bag.“相反，研究人员想要找出帮助降解塑料的酶。研究人员说，也许我们可以找到这种分子并进行工业化生产，而不是用一百万只蠕虫装在一个塑料袋里。”由此可知，Bertocchini后来的研究重点可能是塑料降解酶的结构。故选A。
【31题详解】
标题判断题。根据第一段Though plastic shopping bags are cheap and useful, they cause widespread pollution. Now, we may have an unlikely helper to help clean up our garbage — a small wax worm.“虽然塑料购物袋便宜又有用，但它们造成了广泛的污染。现在，我们可能有了一个意想不到的帮手来帮我们清理垃圾——一只小蜡虫。”由此可知，B项Wax worms have an appetite for plastic.（蜡虫喜欢吃塑料。）为最佳标题。故选B。
D
Learning a second language is tricky at any age and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book. Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10.
The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesn’t seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.
Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”
Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default (默认) to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate (石板).
These findings may seem discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 — when language learning ability starts to drop off — seems relatively old.
“People fared better when they learned by immersion (沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that’s not an option, you can mimic an immersive environment by finding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their own communities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so, it’s possible to become conversationally proficient — even without the advantage of a child’s brain.
32. The underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “__________”.
A. decrease B. rise
C. end D. vary
33. What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?
A. Children are too young to grasp a second language.
B. Age 10-18 is the best time to learn a second language.
C. Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.
D. Communicating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills.
34. Why adults can’t reach native-level fluency in a second language?
A. Adults are less influenced by their mother tongues.
B. Adults spend more time responding to new information.
C. Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process.
D. Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language.
35. The passage is mainly about __________.
A. the best age to learn a second language
B. the approaches to learning a second language
C. why kids learn a second language more easily than adults
D. whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selves
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过研究发现，介绍了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会一门新的语言。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段划线词所在句Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10. 现在，科学家们在一项新的研究中精确地指出了你达到流利水平的第二语言的机会________确切年龄：10岁。再根据第二段中The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. 这篇发表在《认知》杂志上的研究发现，如果语言学习者从10岁以后才开始学习第二语言，他们就“几乎不可能”达到母语水平的流利程度。可知，此处表示的是10岁以后才学习第二语言想达到流利水平的机会就会下降，因此猜测划线词plummet意为“下降，降低”。故选A项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.该研究报告的联名作者、波士顿学院心理学助理教授乔舒亚·哈特肖恩说：“事实上，你还是能学得很快。问题在于这时候你的时间已经不多了，因为到了17~18岁左右，人的学习能力就会开始下降。”以及第三段中“All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.” 哈特肖恩说：“所有学习都跟大脑的改变有关，而孩子的大脑对改变的适应能力似乎比成年人强得多。”可知，乔舒亚•哈特肖恩认为成年人已经错过了学习第二语言的关键时期。故选C项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“People fared better when they learned by immersion (沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult....” Hartshorne says.乔舒亚•哈特肖恩说：“通过浸入式学习，而不是简单地在教室里学习，人们的表现会更好。一个成年人学外语的时候，最好的学习方法是搬到一个使用你想学的语言的地方去……”。可知，成年人在学习第二语言时更应该选择身临其境的环境而不是在教室里。故选D项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10. 现在，科学家们在一项新的研究中精确地指出了你达到流利的第二语言的机会下降的确切年龄：10岁；第二段中The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. 这篇发表在《认知》杂志上的研究发现，如果语言学习者从10岁以后才开始学习第二语言，他们就“几乎不可能”达到母语水平的流利程度；第三段中Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. 在学习新语言方面，孩子们可能比成年人做得更好，原因有很多。再通读全文，可知，本文主要是介绍了研究发现了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会第二门新的语言。因此选项C“why kids learn a second language more easily than adults”符合题意。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题,每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
Phone interviews are typically meant as a way to remove individuals unfit for the position, and to highlight those with potential to be brought in for an interview. ____36____ It gives the employer a brief idea of your background, personality, and overall “fit” for the position. With that in mind, you can prepare for phone interviews to ensure you have well-thought-out, prepared answers for the most common questions.
____37____ Preparing for this question in advance allows you to think about your goals, your past work experiences, and even your hobbies going with the position. You don’t want to sound too well-prepared but putting down a few notes on your background can make this question easier to respond to.
Salary requirement is another question you should be prepared to answer. ____38____ Does the job list a salary? What is the average salary for this position? etc. In most cases, it’s best to reply that you are open in terms of salary, especially if you don’t want to lose the position.
A third question to be considered is “Why do you want this position?”. Basically, they want to understand why you’re interested in this company. Doing your research and bringing up some of the company’s core values or other details will only strengthen your interest. ____39____
Last, but not least, you will be asked when you can start. This is up to your unique situation.
____40____ If you need more time, you should not only state that, but also explain why in order to show that you’re still interested in the position, but have other circumstances at play that require additional time.
A. Surely, you should do your research in advance.
B. Basically, a phone interview is the first step in the hiring process.
C. Prepare to explain employment gaps so as not to make you look bad.
D. Behavioral questions will tell the interviewer more about your personality.
E. An interview will often begin with the question of “Tell me about yourself”.
F. Don’t hesitate to tell the interviewer that you’re much interested in the position.
G. However, most individuals will require two weeks’ notice from the offer acceptance.
【答案】36. B 37. E 38. A 39. F 40. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了面试中的第一步电话面试，和面试中你可能会遇到的问题和所需要做的准备。
【36题详解】
上文“Phone interviews are typically meant as a way to remove individuals unfit for the position, and to highlight those with potential to be brought in for an interview.”（电话面试通常是为了排除不适合这个职位的人，并突出那些有可能被邀请参加面试的人。）说明，电话面试用来挑选人才。空格处承上启下，下文“It gives the employer a brief idea of your background, personality, and overall “fit” for the position.”（它让雇主对你的背景、个性以及整体适合该职位有一个简单的了解）说明，电话面试的作用。B项前半句“a phone interview”与上文一致，“the first step in the hiring process”与下文一致，故选B。
【37题详解】
下文“Preparing for this question in advance allows you to think about your goals, your past work experiences, and even your hobbies going with the position.”（提前准备这个问题可以让你考虑你的目标、你过去的工作经历，甚至你在这个职位上的爱好）说明，提前为面试准备。空格处与下文是因果关系，E项“An interview will often begin with the question of “Tell me about yourself”说明面试一般是从提问关于面试者自身的问题开始的，因此你可以为面试准备一些问题的回答。故选E。
【38题详解】
上文“Salary requirement is another question you should be prepared to answer.”（薪水要求是另一个你需要准备回答的问题）说明，薪水问题是你需要考虑的。上文与空格处是因果关系，因此你需要去提前研究一下薪水问题。故选A。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Doing your research and bringing up some of the company’s core values or other details will only strengthen your interest.”（做好调查，提出公司的核心价值观或其他细节只会增强你的兴趣。）可知，F项中的“ you’re much interested in the position”与上文一致，说明了面试者对工作岗位的热爱。故选F。
【40题详解】
上文“Last, but not least, you will be asked when you can start. This is up to your unique situation.”（最后，面试官会问你什么时候可以开始工作。这取决于你的独特情况。）空格处起到承上启下的作用，下文“ If you need more time, you should not only state that, but also explain why in order to show that you’re still interested in the position, but have other circumstances at play that require additional time.”（如果你需要更多的时间，你不仅要说明这一点，还要解释原因，以显示你仍然对该职位感兴趣，但还有其他需要额外时间的情况。）说明，面试者需要时间来开始这份工作。G项中“the offer acceptance”与前文一致，“two weeks’ notice”与后文中“you need more time”一致。故选G。
第三部分：语言运用(共三节,满分40分)
第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Our oldest daughter, Christy, told us she was running away. In ____41____ my wife, Cathy, and I stared at each other, at a loss for words. When she started packing her suitcase, we knew she was serious. Her action left us speechless—after all, Christy was only six. We didn’t know whether to laugh or cry.
Our daughter ____42____ she was moving to Julia’s house across the street. My wife gave Julia’s mother a ____43____ , telling her what was happening. Then, with ____44____ feelings, we watched Christy cross the street. Julia’s mother waited outside the door to greet her. A few hours later, Julia’s mom reminded Christy it was Monday night and that our family always drove to the Golden Spoon for frozen yogurt. It was a tradition ____45____ by my three girls—including our little Christy. To our relief, she called and asked if she could go. A joyous ____46____!
The yogurt ____47____ was part of our family identity. Even the neighbors knew our ____48____ visit to the Golden Spoon. Our three daughters are now grown-up, but we ____49____ visit the Golden Spoon as always. Its yogurt is still delicious. Our family ____50____ are kept strong by one of those simple activities.
At some point, ____51____ will come to every family. But when you build a strong family identity ____52____ there will be no doubt that your family can ____53____ whatever winds and rains coming your way. Not ____54____, a strong family identity will give your kids solid foundations to ____55____ during those difficult times.
41. A. confusion B. disbelief C. anger D. sorrow
42. A. declared B. acknowledged C. whispered D. requested
43. A. bow B. response C. tip D. bell
44. A. mixed B. bitter C. guilty D. embarrassed
45. A. expected B. approved C. promoted D. shared
46. A. recovery B. success C. reunion D. communication
47. A. purchase B. run C. recipe D. drink
48. A. daily B. monthly C. weekly D. yearly
49. A. occasionally B. automatically C. rarely D. regularly
50. A. origins B. traditions C. bonds D. honors
51. A. sufferings B. storms C. failures D. barriers
52. A. in return B. in particular C. in reality D. in advance
53. A. survive B. ignore C. avoid D. predict
54. A. surprisingly B. exactly C. certainly D. obviously
55. A. hold on B. count on C. get through D. put through
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者六岁女儿“离家出走”的故事，引出作者对家庭认同的思考。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子凯西面面相觑，不知道说什么好。A. confusion困惑；B. disbelief不相信；C. anger生气；D. sorrow伤心。根据下文“When she started packing her suitcase, we knew she was serious. Her action left us speechless—after all, Christy was only six. We didn’t know whether to laugh or cry.”可知，作者对于女儿的离家出走感到难以置信，知道女儿收拾行李，作者和妻子才意识到女儿是认真的。in disbelief意为“难以置信地”，故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的女儿宣布她要搬到对面的茱莉娅家去。A. declared宣告；B. acknowledged承认；C. whispered低语；D. requested要求。根据下文“she was moving to Julia’s house across the street.”可知，结合Christy的行为和年龄，此处表示她向作者宣布她要搬到茱莉娅家去。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妻子给茱莉娅的妈妈打了个电话。A. bow鞠躬；B. response回应；C. tip建议；D. bell铃声。根据下文“telling her what was happening.”可知，作者妻子给茱莉娅的妈妈打电话，讲述了女儿的事情。give sb. a bell意为“给某人打电话”，故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，我们怀着复杂的心情看着克里斯蒂穿过街道。A. mixed混合的，复杂的；B. bitter痛苦的；C. guilty有罪的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“We didn’t know whether to laugh or cry.”可知，作者和妻子此时的心情很复杂。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我的三个女儿所期待的传统，包括我们的小克里斯蒂。A. expected期望；B. approved赞同；C. promoted提升；D. shared分享。根据下文“To our relief, she called and asked if she could go.”可知，周一晚上去金钥匙餐厅吃冻酸奶是作者是三个女儿所期待的传统。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一次快乐的团聚！A. recovery恢复；B. success成功；C. reunion团聚；D. communication交流。根据上文“To our relief, she called and asked if she could go.”可知，离家出走的女儿也想去金钥匙餐厅吃冻酸奶，所以一家人又能快乐的团聚。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这段酸奶之旅是我们家庭认同的一部分。A. purchase购买；B. run旅程；C. recipe食谱，方法；D. drink饮料。根据下文“Even the neighbors knew our _______ visit to the Golden Spoon.”可知，甚至邻居都知道我们的酸奶之旅。run，熟词新义，表示“旅程，行程”。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词义辨析。句意：甚至连邻居都会知道我们每周都去金钥匙餐厅。A. daily日常的；B. monthly每月的；C. weekly每周的；D. yearly每年的。根据上文“A few hours later, Julia’s mom reminded Christy it was Monday night and that our family always drove to the Golden Spoon for frozen yogurt.”可知，作者一家每周都会去一次金钥匙餐厅。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们的三个女儿现在都长大了，但我们还是一如既往地定期去金钥匙餐厅。A. occasionally偶尔地；B. automatically自动地；C. rarely很少；D. regularly有规律地，定期地。根据上文“Even the neighbors knew our _______ visit to the Golden Spoon.”可知，作者一家定期会去金钥匙餐厅吃酸奶。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的家庭纽带通过其中一项简单的活动得以维系。A. origins起源；B. traditions传统；C. bonds纽带；联系；D. honors荣誉。根据下文“a strong family identity will give your kids solid foundations”可知，简单的家庭活动让家庭成员之间的联系变得更加坚韧。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：总有一天，风暴会降临到每个家庭。A. sufferings痛苦；B. storms暴风雨；C. failures失败；D. barriers障碍。根据下文“whatever winds and rains coming your way.”可知，家庭中总会遇到风风雨雨，此处storms(暴风雨)是比喻用法，比喻生活中的波折。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，当你事先建立其强大的家庭认同时，毫无疑问，无论遇到什么风雨，你的家庭都能挺过去。A. in return作为回报；B. in particular尤其；C. in reality事实上；D. in advance提前。根据下文“there will be no doubt that your family can ________ whatever winds and rains coming your way.”可知，我们要预先建立起强大的家庭。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当你事先建立其强大的家庭认同时，毫无疑问，无论遇到什么风雨，你的家庭都能挺过去。A. survive幸存；渡过难关；B. ignore忽略；C. avoid避免；D. predict预测。根据下文“whatever winds and rains coming your way.”可知，我们预先建立起的强大家庭在我们遇到风雨时，都能挺过去。故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：毫不奇怪，强烈的家庭认同将会在困难时期给你的孩子坚实的依靠。A. surprisingly惊讶地；B. exactly准确地；C. certainly当然；D. obviously明显地。根据上文“there will be no doubt that”可知，家庭认同感给孩子带来的依靠是肯定的。not surprisingly意为“不足为奇”。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：毫不奇怪，强烈的家庭认同将会在困难时期给你的孩子坚实的依靠。A. hold on等等；B. count on依赖；C. get through度过；D. put through接通电话。根据上文“give your kids solid foundations”可知，给孩子提供坚实的基础，孩子可以依赖。故选B项。
第二节：课文填空(共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分)
56. Cholera used to be one of the most________ ________ in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could________ ________.（根据课文内容填空）
【答案】 ①. feared ②. diseases ③. be ④. overcome
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态，形容词和名词。句意：霍乱曾经是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一，直到一位英国医生，约翰斯诺，展示了如何战胜它。根据句意，空①为“令人恐惧的”用feared，空②为“疾病”用disease，one of+the+最高级+名词复数，是固定短语，名词用复数，空③④为谓语动词overcome“战胜；克服”，与主语it（指代上文提到的Cholera）是被动冠词，could是情态动词，故填be overcome，故答案为①feared ②diseases ③be ④overcome。
57. In the early19th century, when________ ________of cholera hit Europe, millions of people________ ________the disease. （根据课文内容填空）
【答案】 ①. an ②. outbreak ③. died ④. from
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和动词短语。句意：19世纪初，欧洲暴发霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。分析句子可知，空①②是主语，表示“爆发”用an outbreak，空③④是谓语动词，表示“死于”用die from，根据时间状语In the early19th century可指，用一般过去时，故填an outbreak，died from。
58. In time, he________ ________become a famous doctor, and even________ ________Queen Victoria when she gave birth. （根据课文内容填空）
【答案】 ①. rose ②. to ③. attended ④. to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：随着时间的推移，他成为了一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾过她。表示“成为”短语为rise to；表示“照料”短语为attend to；结合后文gave可知为一般过去时。故填①rose；②to；③attended；④to。
59. In general, doctors in those days had two________ theories to explain________ ________ ________.（根据课文内容填空）
【答案】 ①. contradictory ②. how ③. cholera ④. spread
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、宾语从句和动词。句意：总的来说，当时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。根据句意第一空表示“互相矛盾”可知应用形容词contradictory，作定语；第二空引导宾语从句，表示“如何”应用how；表示“霍乱”应用名词cholera，动词spread，作谓语，结合上文had可知为一般过去时。故填①contradictory；②how；③cholera；④spread。
60. The other was that cholera was caused by an________ from________ in food or water. Snow________ to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. (根据课文内容填空)
【答案】 ①. infection ②. germs ③. subscribed
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词和时态。句意：另一种认为霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。它是正确的，但他仍然需要证据。根据句意“细菌感染”可知，空格一应用“infection”，意为“感染”，为可数名词，根据空格前“an”可知，应用其单数形式，作宾语；“germ”意为“细菌”，空格应用“germ”的复数形式“germs”，表示一类事物，作宾语；根据句意“赞同”可知，空格三涉及单词“subscribe”，“subscribe to…”意为“赞同……”，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，应用“subscribe”的过去式“subscribed”。故填infection; germs; subscribed。
第三节：语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A comforting cup of tea is an essential part of the day for hundreds of millions of people around the globe. Worldwide, three cups of tea ___61___ (consume) for every cup of coffee. To___62___(full) appreciate the ancient roots of the herbal drink, a visit to the China National Tea Museum might be in order. The institution has a long history.
___63___(locate)in Hangzhou, the museum occupies a parklike setting. Inside, various halls demonstrate the story of tea, its ceremonies and its tools. Records of tea drinking date as far back as the ___64___ (ten) century B.C. in China. Originally the leaves were baked into a brick, a part of ___65___ could be broken off and made into a powder. Tea spread into northern China during the Tang Dynasty; by the Song Dynasty it ___66___(acquire) a loose-leaf production as well as the ceremonies that made its consumption ___67___ art form.
The art of tea extended to its fancy containers, which are ___68___ display at the museum.Gracefully rounded kettles date back 5,000 years; tea bowls from the Tang Dynasty have a beautiful simplicity. Today ___69___ (visit) can observe a tea ceremony that might be enough ____70____(change) even the most passionate coffee drinker
【答案】61. are consumed
62. fully 63. Located
64. tenth 65. which
66. had acquired
67. an 68. on
69. visitors
70. to change
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。对全球数亿人来说，一杯令人舒适的茶是一天中必不可少的一部分。要想充分了解这种草药饮料的古老起源，最好还是参观中国茶叶博物馆。文章主要介绍了中国饮茶习俗的历史以及传播历程。
【61题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：在世界范围内，每喝一杯咖啡就要喝三杯茶。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为three cups of tea，谓语动词用复数。故填are consumed。
【62题详解】
考查副词。句意：要想充分了解这种草药饮料的古老起源，最好还是参观中国茶叶博物馆。修饰后文动词appreciate，应用副词fully，作状语。故填fully。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该博物馆位于杭州，拥有公园般的环境。结合句意表示“位于……”可知短语为be located in，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Located。
【64题详解】
考查数词。句意：在中国，关于喝茶的记载可以追溯到公元前10世纪。根据上文定冠词the，且表示“十世纪”应用序数词tenth。故填tenth。
【65题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最初，人们把树叶烤成砖，把砖的一部分打碎，做成粉末。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词brick，作介词of的宾语，指物，在“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句中只能用关系代词which。故填which。
【66题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：茶叶在唐代传入中国北方；到了宋朝，它已经获得了散装生产和使喝茶成为了一种艺术形式的仪式。根据上文“by the Song Dynasty”可知表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had acquired。
【67题详解】
考查冠词。句意：茶叶在唐代传入中国北方；到了宋朝，它已经获得了散装生产和使喝茶成为了一种艺术形式的仪式。form为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且art是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。
【68题详解】
考查介词。句意：茶的艺术延伸到其别致的容器，这些容器正在博物馆中展出。结合句意表示“在展出”可知短语为be on display。故填on。
【69题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：今天，游客们可以观摩到一场足以改变最热衷喝咖啡的人的茶道。空处作主语，表示“游客”应用名词visitor，且表示数量大于一应用复数。故填visitors。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，游客们可以观摩到一场足以改变最热衷喝咖啡的人的茶道。结合句意表示“足以做某事”可知短语为be enough to do sth.。故填to change。
第四部分：书面表达(共两部分, 满分40)
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
71. 假如你是校学生会主席李华，你校将组织留学生开展“中国古诗阅读分享会”(The sharing session of the ancient Chinese poems)。请根据下列提示，写一则通知，内容包括：
1. 时间、地点；
2. 活动主要内容；
3. 期待参加。
注意：词数80词左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Notice
To help us appreciate the charm of the ancient Chinese poems and learn more about Chinese culture and history, our school is going to host the sharing session of ancient Chinese poems. Anyone who is interested in Chinese poems is welcome.
The event will be held in the lecture hall from 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. this Saturday. It’s a wonderful chance to share your ideas about your favourite ancient Chinese poems with other poetry lovers. Please sign up for it by sending an email to chinesepoems@126.com by this Friday.
Please join us! Looking forward to your participation.
The Student Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是校学生会主席李华，你校将组织留学生开展“中国古诗阅读分享会”(The sharing session of the ancient Chinese poems)。请根据下列提示，写一则通知。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举办：host/hold→launch
机会：chance→opportunity
观点：idea→opinion
报名参加：sigh up for→enroll in
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：The event will be held in the lecture hall from 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. this Saturday. It’s a wonderful chance to share your ideas about your favourite ancient Chinese poems with other poetry lovers.
拓展句：The event will be held in the lecture hall from 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. this Saturday, which is a wonderful chance to share your ideas about your favourite ancient Chinese poems with other poetry lovers.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To help us appreciate the charm of the ancient Chinese poems and learn more about Chinese culture and history, our school is going to host the sharing session of ancient Chinese poems. （运用了动词不定式作目的状语）
【高分句型2】Anyone who is interested in Chinese poems is welcome.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
72. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The watch was my grandfather’s. He hung it by his bed. The face was marked with elegant Roman numbers and the case was gold. My grandfather got it after his fifty years of faithful service with his firm. I often gazed at it longingly as I sat with my grandfather after school.
The day I told him of my success in the examinations, he was pleased,“You’ll be going to the new school next, Will. Remember you’ll need plenty of patience. That’s the right way.” I nodded when handing him the watch. He gazed at it for some moments, and wound it.
The next morning my mother told me he had died in his sleep and left me his watch. For safety, my mother was to put it away in trust until she considered me old enough to look after it. I protested(抗议) so strongly that she finally agreed to hang it in the kitchen where I could always see it.
The summer soon ended and it was time for me to enter the new school. I never made friends easily, and for a time I did little more than get on speaking terms with some boys. One of them was a rich fellow whose way of impressing us was to parade his possessions before us. Everything Crawley had was better than ours – until he brought the watch.
“I have a better watch than that,” I announced, attempting to impress them. “Well, show it to us,” Crawley sneered (冷笑) in disbelief. Embarrassed, I promised to bring it to them that afternoon.
Considering there was no way to persuade my mother to let me take the watch, I decided to wait for her to step outside and slip the watch into my pocket. So I did. After lunch, as I was too excited to wait for the return bus, I got my bike out of the shed.
I rode fast excitement coursing through me. Then suddenly a puppy ran out into my path. I pulled at my brakes so hard that the bike stopped to a sharp standstill (急停) and I fell over.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I picked myself up and put a trembling hand into my pocket.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“That’s not the right way. Patience, Will. Patience,” a voice echoed in my ears after the boys left.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Para 1:
I picked myself up and put a trembling hand into my pocket. Then I brought out what was left of my grandfather's proudest possession. There was deep bulge in the watch, the glass shattered, and the Roman numbers looking crazily at one another. Putting it back, I rode slowly on to school, numb with misery. After what seemed forever, I finally turned up before the waiting boys. “My mother wouldn't let me bring it,” I lied. “His mother wouldn't let him,” Crawley jeered. “What a story!" The others took up his cries and left without a backward glance.
Para 2:
“That’s not the right way. Patience, Will. Patience,” a voice echoed in my ears after the boys left. Though anger, embarrassment and sadness hung heavily in the air, the voice drew me to the awareness of the mistakes I had made when I attempted to impress the boys. I shouldn’t have tried to integrate in such a hasty way, nor should I have stolen the watch behind my mother. It was the first time that I had truly realized the meaning of the gift—patience. I knew for sure that every time I lost patience in the future I would remember my grandfather’s words.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的爷爷在去世之前送给了他一块手表。在他去了一所新学校之后，由于同学Crawley炫耀财富，他也想要将自己珍贵的手表展示给大家看。他悄悄地偷了表准备带到学校，谁知，在匆忙赶路的过程中，表摔碎了。突然他想起了爷爷对他说过的话，他意识到自己的行为错了，也明白了爷爷让他保持耐心的含义。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我站起来，颤抖着把手伸进口袋。”可知，第一段可描写作者的表被摔碎了，却骗同学们妈妈不允许他将表带到学校。
②由第二段首句内容“孩子们离开后，一个声音在我耳边回响：‘这不是正确的方法。耐心，威尔。耐心。’”可知，第二段可描写作者想起爷爷说的“耐心”，悟出了爷爷说的话的意思。
2.续写线索：摸手表——手表摔碎——欺骗同学——想起爷爷的话——理解“耐心”的含义
3.词汇激活
行为类
取出：bring out/take out/fish out
出现：turn up/show up/appear
企图：attempt to/intend to/aim at
情绪类
沮丧、痛苦：numb with misery/frustrated and depressed
尴尬：embarrassment/awkwardness
【点睛】[高分句型1] Though anger, embarrassment and sadness hung heavily in the air, the voice drew me to the awareness of the mistakes I had made when I attempted to impress the boys. (运用了though引导的让步状语从句，省略引导词that的定语从句以及when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] After what seemed forever, I finally turned up before the waiting boys. “My mother wouldn't let me bring it,”(运用了what引导的宾语从句)
高二阶段性检测(英语)
第一部分 同步检测(共两节,满分20分)
第一节 首字母填空(选必二unit1,共10小题,满分10分)
1. His public speeches are in direct c________ to his personal lifestyle. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】contradiction##ontradiction
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他的公开演讲与他的个人生活方式直接矛盾。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填名词contradiction，作宾语，in contradiction to“与……矛盾”。故填contradiction。
2. Laughter is one of the most i________ expressions of emotion. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】infectious##nfectious
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：笑是最具感染力的表达方式之一。根据句意和首字母提示可知，此处填形容词infectious“感染的”，放在expressions前作定语，故填infectious。
3. S________ nothing, he walked right into the trap. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】Suspecting##uspecting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他毫无戒心，径直走入陷阱。逻辑主语he与suspect之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。置于句首，首字母大写。根据句意，故填Suspecting。
4. After an i________ surge of interest, there has been little call for our services. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】initial##nitial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在最初的兴趣激增之后，对我们服务的需求已经很少了。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填形容词initial ，作定语。故填initial。
5. Although I p________ it carefully, I still managed to spill some. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】poured##oured
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：尽管我小心翼翼地倒，还是洒了一些。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词pour，结合后文managed可知为一般过去时。故填poured。
6. He has employed one of the UK’s top lawyers to d________ him. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】defend##efend
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：他聘请了一位英国顶级律师为他辩护。根据单词首字母以及句意“辩护”可知，空格处涉及单词“defend”，意为“（为……）辩护”，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填defend。
7. In the end he a________ the most important point from his long speech. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】abstracted##bstracted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：最后他从他的长篇大论中提炼出最重要的一点。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词abstract，作谓语，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故填abstracted 。
8. Her father’s illness c________ a cloud over her wedding day. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】cast##ast
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她父亲的病给她的婚礼蒙上了一层阴影。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词cast，结合语境可知为一般过去时。故填cast。
9. Public attitudes towards marriage have s________ over the past 50 years. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】shifted##hifted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在过去的50年里，公众对婚姻的态度发生了变化。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填动词shift，结合上文have可知为现在完成时。故填shifted。
10. She might have been killed if the neighbors hadn’t i________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】intervened##ntervened
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：要不是邻居们干预，她可能已经被杀了。分析句子结构可知，本句是if引导的虚拟语气，从句中应动过去完成时，所以空处应填动词过去分词，根据句意和首字母可知，应是intervene“介入”。故填intervened。
第二节 语法选择(共10小题, 满分10分)
11. They insisted that she________.
A. be invited B. was invited C. will be invited D. invite
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他们坚持要邀请她。分析句子结构可知，insist作“坚持”讲时，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可省略，主语she和invite间是被动关系，应该用被动语态。故选A项。
12. Ensuring every child equal rights to education is _____the key to the elimination of inequality across the world lies.
A. that B. what C. whether D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：确保每个孩子有平等的受教育权是消除世界各地存在的不平等的关键所在。此处where引导表语从句在句中做lies的地点状语，故选D.
13. _____ girls can be_____they would like to be, whether it is a pilot or an astronaut, is being accepted all around the world.
A. What; whomever B. That; whatever
C. If; whoever D. 不填; whatever
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】考查名词性从句引导词
【详解】句意：女孩子可以想当什么就当什么，无论是飞行员还是宇航员，这一点正在被世界各地人们接受．本题考查名词性从句中引导词的运用，第二空是be动词后面的表语从句的引导词，表示"职业"，用whatever，排除A和C；去掉逗号中间插入的部分可知，is前的主语从句"girls can be whatever they would like to be"从意思到成分都是完整的，故选择在名词性从句中不担任成分，无意义的that，故答案是B。
【点睛】名词性从句考查的关键是连接词的选用和语序，因此，我们首先要搞清从句的性质，掌握各连接词的用法，在此基础上判断．此外，关注名词性从句用陈述语序．题干中is being accepted 是谓语动词，前面是主语从句，第一个空用that引导，因为主语从句中不缺少成分，也不需要翻译，第二个空是be动词后面的表语从句的引导词，表示"职业"，用whatever，去掉逗号中间插入的部分可知，is前的主语从句"girls can be whatever they would like to be"从意思到成分都是完整的，故选择在名词性从句中不担任成分，无意义的that，
14. ________leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights.
A. Which B. Who C. Whichever D. Whoever
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句引导词。句意：无论是谁最后一个离开教室都应该关灯。根据句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，表示人，意为“无论谁”，应用Whoever引导。故选D。
15. It is generally believed that communication skills are becoming ________ it takes to be a good doctor.
A. that B. what
C. whether D. how
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：人们普遍认为，沟通技巧正逐渐成为一名好医生的必备条件。在名词性从句中，that无意义且在从句中不作任何成分；what“什么；……的东西”，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。whether“是否”，在从句中不作任何成分；how“怎样”，在从句中作方式状语。 “__it takes to be a good doctor”是表语从句，从句中缺少takes的宾语，故用what来引导。故选B。
16. With your help, there is no doubt ______ our plan is meant for will work out successfully.
A. what that B. whether that C. that what D. that whether
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查连接词。句意：在你的帮助下，毫无疑问，我们的计划将成功地实现。there is no doubt…“毫无疑问……”,为同位语从句，从句中为句子做主语，for缺少宾语，所以用what来充当for的宾语。故选C项。
17. The reason ________ he explained was________ he was ill and unable to go to school.
A. why; that B. why; because C. which; because D. which; that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他解释的原因是他生病了不能去上学。本句中先行词the reason是定语从句he explained的宾语，指物，引导词用which或者that，系动词was后是表语从句，句子中不缺少句子成分，用that作引导词。故选D。
18. It is said________ was all _ __ he said.
A. that; that; which B. what; what; what
C. that; which; what D. that; that; that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查复合句。句意：据说他就是这么说的。分析题干可知，本题第一空为主语从句，此处关系词不作具体句子成分，故用that。第二空用指示代词that作主语从句中的主语。第三空引导定语从句修饰不定代词all，且在从句中作宾语，只能用that。综上，故选D。
19. ________ life exists on any other planet in the solar system still remains a question.
A. Why B. Whether C. How D. If
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：太阳系中的其他行星上是否存在生命仍然是个问题。分析句子可知，句子为主语从句，空格处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，句中指“太阳系中的其他行星上是否存在生命”仍然是个问题，“Whether”意为“是否”，引导从句，符合语境。故选B项。
20. The business of each day, ________selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
A. it being B. be it C. was it D. it was
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：每天的生意，无论是销售货物还是运输货物，都进行得相当顺利。分析句子结构可知，be it selling goods or shipping them是表示让步意义的虚拟倒装句，它是由whether it ( might ) be selling goods or shipping them这一句子省略whether后再将be移至主语之前而来的。故选B项。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑.
A
I was given a voice. That’s what people said about me I trained my voice, because it would be a shame to waste such a gift. I pictured this voice as a greenhouse plant and made sure it was provided with the right temperature, the right amount of water. I relieved its fears. I told it not to tremble. I nursed it, I trained it, and I watched it climb up inside my neck
My voice bloomed. People said I had grown into my voice. Invitations to perform flooded over us. All the best places wanted us. I was sought after, or rather my voice was. We went everywhere together and gave performances. Bouquets （花束）were thrown to it. Money was presented to it. Men fell on their knees before it. Applause flew around it.
Then my voice began to shrivel. People said my voice would bloom only for a certain term: finally it would drop off and gone with it would be all the fame and wealth. I have noticed it so far. Fear has entered me since my voice has used up most of my life. I’ve given it all my love. But my voice is still as greedy as ever. It wants more: more and more, more of everything it has had so far.
Now it’s evening: the bright lights come on, and excitement quickens in the streets. We sit in this hotel room. Soon it will be time for us to go out. We have to attend a grand occasion. The two of us chained together as always. I have to put on its favourite dress, its favourite necklace and wind a fur around it. Then I have to go out: shining like ice: my voice attached to my throat like an invisible vampire （吸血鬼）.
21. Why did the author compare her voice to a greenhouse plant?
A. To introduce her way to grow a plant.
B. To stress her hard efforts to train her voice.
C. To express her determination to show her gift.
D. To indicate her strong desire to improve her skill.
22. What does the underlined word “shrivel’ in paragraph 3 mean?
A. go up B. die away
C. grow more pleasant D. become less attractive
23. What can we infer from the last paragraph of the text?
A. The author totally ruined her fame.
B. The author gradually lost her freedom.
C. The author eventually accepted her voice.
D. The author greatly enjoyed her performances.
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者具有天生的好嗓音，作者对声音进行精心地培养和训练，这给作者带来了名利，但作者也失去了随意运用和控制声音的自由。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I was given a voice. That’s what people said about me I trained my voice, because it would be a shame to waste such a gift. I pictured this voice as a greenhouse plant and made sure it was provided with the right temperature, the right amount of water. I relieved its fears. I told it not to tremble. I nursed it, I trained it, and I watched it climb up inside my neck.(我被赋予了声音。这是人们对我的评价，我训练了自己的声音，因为浪费这样的天赋太可惜了。我把这个声音想象成温室里的植物，并确保它有合适的温度，合适的水量。我消除了它的恐惧。我叫它不要发抖。我照顾它，训练它，看着它爬上我的脖子。)”可知作者天生好声音，并且觉得浪费这样的天赋会很可惜，所以作者就像是培养植物一样努力地培养训练自己的声音，B项“强调她努力训练嗓音”切题，故选B项。
【22题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“People said my voice would bloom only for a certain term： finally it would drop off and gone with it would be all the fame and wealth.(人们说我的声音只会在某一个时期绽放：最后它会落下，随之而去的将是所有的名利。)”可知作者的声音开始失去吸引力，shrivel本意为“枯萎，皱缩”，在本句中指吸引力变少，故选D项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now it’s evening: the bright lights come on, and excitement quickens in the streets. We sit in this hotel room. Soon it will be time for us to go out. We have to attend a grand occasion. the two of us chained together as always. I have to put on its favourite dress， its favourite necklace and wind a fur around it. Then I have to go out： shining like ice： my voice attached to my throat like an invisible vampire （吸血鬼）.(现在是傍晚了：明亮的灯光亮了起来，街上的人们兴奋起来了。我们坐在这个旅馆房间里。很快我们就要出去了。我们必须出席一个盛大的场合。我们俩像往常一样被锁在一起。我得穿上它最喜欢的衣服，它最喜欢的项链，在它周围缠上一层毛皮。然后我要出去：像冰一样闪闪发光：我的声音像一个看不见的吸血鬼附在我的喉咙上。)”中的“我们俩像往常一样被锁在一起。”与“我的声音像一个看不见的吸血鬼附在我的喉咙上。”可知作者的声音已经无法自由地控制,要不断地给声音进行装饰，并且这让作者失去了随意运用声音的自由。故选B项。
B
Six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom brick by brick, imagining fairy-tale castles and fire-breathing dragons. This fantasy is helping her take first steps towards creativity. Minutes later, when she is playing board games with her brother, she’s learning to follow rules and take turns with a partner. Although she isn’t aware of it, this will play an important role in her adult life.
“Play in all its rich variety is one of the highest achievements of the human species,” says Dr. David Whitebread from the University of Cambridge. He’s also mindful of the worldwide decline of play. “The opportunities for free play, which I experienced almost every day of my childhood, are becoming increasingly scarce now.” He says. Outdoor play is restricted by parents’ perceptions of risk to do with traffic, as well as their increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime, and by their emphasis on “earlier is better” which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.
Many researchers highlight play’s role in children’s development. Dr. Gibson said, “Playful behavior is an important indicator of healthy social development. In my previous research, I investigated how observing children at play can give us important clues about their well-being.” In Baker’s study, she found that preschoolers with greater self-control solved problems more quickly. Giving children the chance to play will make them more successful problem-solvers in the long run.
Whitebread’s recent research has involved developing a play-based approach to supporting children’s writing. “Many primary school children find writing difficult but we have shown that a playful stimulus (激励因素)was far more effective than an instructional one. Children can write longer and better-structured stories when they first play with dolls representing characters in the story.”
Somehow the importance of play has been lost in recent decades. It’s regarded as something insignificant, or even as something negative that contrasts with “work”. Let’s not lose sight of its benefits, and the fundamental contributions it makes to human achievements in the arts, sciences and technology. Let’s make sure children have a rich diet of play experiences.
24. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To illustrate the benefits of too much spare time.
B. To describe a kid’s peaceful and happy childhood.
C. To present the importance of a rich variety of play.
D. To introduce the distinctive functions of different toys.
25. According to paragraph 2, outdoor playing is declining probably because parents________.
A. show concern over traffic jam on the way to play
B. worry their kids will fall victim to being cheated
C. perceive play as the opposite side of hard work
D. attach importance to academic learning in advance
26. What has Dr. Whitebread’s recent research found out?
A. Children with greater self-control solve problems faster.
B. Children at play often show hints about their well-being.
C. Students write better when they integrate work with play.
D. Play promotes healthy social and emotional development.
27. How does the author feel about current people’s awareness of play?
A. Negative. B. Concerned. C. Inspired. D. Satisfied.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章开头以一个孩子玩游戏的背景，提出了玩游戏对孩子成长的种种好处，并用了一些实验证明了这些观点，最后建议人们不要忽视玩游戏的好处并且给孩子时间去玩。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom brick by brick, imagining fairy-tale castles and fire-breathing dragons. This fantasy is helping her take first steps towards creativity. Minutes later, when she is playing board games with her brother, she's learning to follow rules and take turns with a partner. Although she isn't aware of it, this will play an important role in her adult life.(六岁的爱丽丝正在一砖一瓦地建造一个神奇的王国，想象着童话中的城堡和喷火龙。这种幻想帮助她迈出了创造的第一步。几分钟后，当她和弟弟玩桌游时，她学会了遵守规则，和一个伙伴轮流玩。虽然她没有意识到这一点，但这将在她的成年生活中发挥重要作用)”可知，第一段目的是为了呈现丰富多样的游戏的重要性。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Outdoor play is restricted by parents' perceptions of risk to do with traffic, as well as their increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime, and by their emphasis on ‘earlier is better’ which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.(由于家长们对交通风险的认知，以及他们越来越希望保护孩子不成为犯罪的受害者，以及他们强调“越早越好”，户外玩耍受到了限制，这导致了学术学习和学校竞争的加剧)”可知，户外活动的减少可能是因为父母提前重视学术学习。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Whitebread’s recent research has involved developing a play-based approach to supporting children's writing. “Many primary school children find writing difficult, but we have shown that a playful stimulus (激励因素) was far more effective than an instructional one. Children can write longer and better-structured stories when they first play with dolls representing characters in the story.(怀特布莱特最近的研究涉及开发一种基于游戏的方法来支持儿童写作。“许多小学生觉得写作很难，但我们已经证明，好玩的刺激远比教学更有效。当孩子们第一次玩代表故事人物的玩偶时，他们就能写出更长、结构更好的故事。”)”可知，怀特布莱特博士最近的研究发现当学生把学习和娱乐结合起来时，他们的作文写得更好。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Somehow the importance of play has been lost in recent decades. It’s regarded as something insignificant, or even as something negative that contrasts with “work”. Let’s not lose sight of its benefits, and the fundamental contributions it makes to human achievements in the arts, sciences and technology. Let’s make sure children have a rich diet of play experiences.(在最近的几十年里，玩耍的重要性不知怎的被忽视了。它被认为是一些无关紧要的东西，甚至被认为是与学习相反的消极的东西。让我们不要忽视它的好处，以及它对人类艺术、科学和技术成就的根本贡献。让我们确保孩子们拥有丰富的游戏体验)”可知，作者对当前人们对小孩玩耍的意识是担忧的。故选B。
C
Though plastic shopping bags are cheap and useful, they cause widespread pollution. Now, we may have an unlikely helper to help clean up our garbage — a small wax worm.
The worm’s hidden skills were discovered by accident. About two years ago, Federica Bertocchini, a developmental biologist at the Spanish National Research Council and an amateur beekeeper, was cleaning out bees’ nest that had been filled with worms. She removed the worms and put them in a plastic bag while doing the cleaning. After finishing, she went back to the room where she had left the worms, and found they had escaped from the bag. When she checked, she saw that the bag was full of holes.
Realizing she may have made an important discovery, Bertocchini teamed up with other researchers to conduct further research. They began by placing 100 worms on some plastic bags and discovered that over a 24-hour period, the worms managed to chew through 92 milligrams of plastic. The researchers make an appropriate judgment that at this rate, the group of worms could degrade (降解) an average-sized 5.5-gram plastic bag within a month. To rule out the possibility that chewing was causing the degradation, the researchers spread the soft wet substance inside the body of some recently dead worms on a sheet of plastic. Sure enough, even the liquid was able to eat through the material, confirming that the worms have plastic-digesting enzymes (酶).
While the news is certainly encouraging, not everyone is convinced. The Michigan State University’s Ramani Narayan believes the tiny pieces of microplastics released by the plastic-eating worms would pick up harmful substances and transport them up the food chain, causing, even more, harm to the environment and human health. Susan Selke, director of Michigan State University School of Packaging, is concerned that the worms will not be able to survive in an oxygen-free landfills where large amounts of waste material are buried under the earth.
However, Bertocchini is not planning to transport worm armies to landfills. Instead, the researcher wants to identify the enzyme that helps degrade the plastic. The researcher says, maybe we can find the molecule (分子) and produce it on an industrial level, rather than using a million worms in a plastic bag.
28. What did the experiment of using dead worms find out?
A. Worms’ chewing may cause the degradation.
B. A plastic-eating chemical exists in wax worms.
C. Dead worms are effective in dealing with plastic.
D. It takes a long time for worms to degrade plastic.
29. What is Ramani Naravan's attitude to Bertocchini's finding?
A. Objective B. Convinced C. Questioning. D. Optimistic.
30. What might Bertocchini focus her later research on?
A. The structure of plastic-degrading enzymes.
B. The use of other worms in disposing plastic.
C. Wax worms’ adaptability to the landfill environment.
D. The chance of producing wax worms on a large scale.
31. What is the best title for the text?
A. Can wax worms save the environment?
B Wax worms have an appetite for plastic.
C. Why do wax worms have plastic-eating skills?
D. Hungry worms join the fight against plastic pollution
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍喜欢吃塑料的蜡虫。通过研究发现这种虫子具有塑料消化酶，尽管虽然这个消息确实令人鼓舞，但并不是每个人都信服，有些人认为吃塑料的蠕虫释放出的微小塑料碎片会收集有害物质并将它们输送到食物链上，对环境和人类健康造成更大的危害。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中To rule out the possibility that chewing was causing the degradation, the researchers spread the soft wet substance inside the body of some recently dead worms on a sheet of plastic. Sure enough, even the liquid was able to eat through the material, confirming that the worms have plastic-digesting enzymes (酶).“为了排除咀嚼导致退化可能性，研究人员将这种柔软湿润的物质撒在一些刚死的蠕虫体内的一张塑料上。可以肯定的是，即使是液体也能吃掉这些物质，这就证实了蠕虫有塑料消化酶。”由此可知，用死虫做的实验发现“蜡虫体内存在一种能吃塑料的化学物质。”故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中While the news is certainly encouraging, not everyone is convinced. The Michigan State University’s Ramani Narayan believes the tiny pieces of microplastics released by the plastic-eating worms would pick up harmful substances and transport them up the food chain, causing, even more, harm to the environment and human health.“尽管这一消息确实令人鼓舞，但并非所有人都对此深信不疑。密歇根州立大学的Ramani Narayan认为，这些以塑料为食的蠕虫释放的微小塑料微粒会带走有害物质，并将其转移到食物链中，对环境和人类健康造成更大的危害。”由此可知，Ramani Naravan对Bertocchini的发现持“怀疑”态度。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Instead, the researcher wants to identify the enzyme that helps degrade the plastic. The researcher says, maybe we can find the molecule (分子) and produce it on an industrial level, rather than using a million worms in a plastic bag.“相反，研究人员想要找出帮助降解塑料的酶。研究人员说，也许我们可以找到这种分子并进行工业化生产，而不是用一百万只蠕虫装在一个塑料袋里。”由此可知，Bertocchini后来的研究重点可能是塑料降解酶的结构。故选A。
【31题详解】
标题判断题。根据第一段Though plastic shopping bags are cheap and useful, they cause widespread pollution. Now, we may have an unlikely helper to help clean up our garbage — a small wax worm.“虽然塑料购物袋便宜又有用，但它们造成了广泛的污染。现在，我们可能有了一个意想不到的帮手来帮我们清理垃圾——一只小蜡虫。”由此可知，B项Wax worms have an appetite for plastic.（蜡虫喜欢吃塑料。）为最佳标题。故选B。
D
Learning a second language is tricky at any age and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book. Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10.
The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesn’t seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.
Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”
Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default (默认) to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate (石板).
These findings may seem discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 — when language learning ability starts to drop off — seems relatively old.
“People fared better when they learned by immersion (沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that’s not an option, you can mimic an immersive environment by finding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their own communities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so, it’s possible to become conversationally proficient — even without the advantage of a child’s brain.
32. The underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “__________”.
A. decrease B. rise
C. end D. vary
33. What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?
A. Children are too young to grasp a second language.
B. Age 10-18 is the best time to learn a second language.
C. Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.
D. Communicating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills.
34. Why adults can’t reach native-level fluency in a second language?
A. Adults are less influenced by their mother tongues.
B. Adults spend more time responding to new information.
C. Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process.
D. Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language.
35. The passage is mainly about __________.
A. the best age to learn a second language
B. the approaches to learning a second language
C. why kids learn a second language more easily than adults
D. whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selves
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过研究发现，介绍了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会一门新的语言。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段划线词所在句Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10. 现在，科学家们在一项新的研究中精确地指出了你达到流利水平的第二语言的机会________确切年龄：10岁。再根据第二段中The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. 这篇发表在《认知》杂志上的研究发现，如果语言学习者从10岁以后才开始学习第二语言，他们就“几乎不可能”达到母语水平的流利程度。可知，此处表示的是10岁以后才学习第二语言想达到流利水平的机会就会下降，因此猜测划线词plummet意为“下降，降低”。故选A项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.该研究报告的联名作者、波士顿学院心理学助理教授乔舒亚·哈特肖恩说：“事实上，你还是能学得很快。问题在于这时候你的时间已经不多了，因为到了17~18岁左右，人的学习能力就会开始下降。”以及第三段中“All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.” 哈特肖恩说：“所有学习都跟大脑的改变有关，而孩子的大脑对改变的适应能力似乎比成年人强得多。”可知，乔舒亚•哈特肖恩认为成年人已经错过了学习第二语言的关键时期。故选C项。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“People fared better when they learned by immersion (沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult....” Hartshorne says.乔舒亚•哈特肖恩说：“通过浸入式学习，而不是简单地在教室里学习，人们的表现会更好。一个成年人学外语的时候，最好的学习方法是搬到一个使用你想学的语言的地方去……”。可知，成年人在学习第二语言时更应该选择身临其境的环境而不是在教室里。故选D项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10. 现在，科学家们在一项新的研究中精确地指出了你达到流利的第二语言的机会下降的确切年龄：10岁；第二段中The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. 这篇发表在《认知》杂志上的研究发现，如果语言学习者从10岁以后才开始学习第二语言，他们就“几乎不可能”达到母语水平的流利程度；第三段中Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. 在学习新语言方面，孩子们可能比成年人做得更好，原因有很多。再通读全文，可知，本文主要是介绍了研究发现了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会第二门新的语言。因此选项C“why kids learn a second language more easily than adults”符合题意。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题,每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
Phone interviews are typically meant as a way to remove individuals unfit for the position, and to highlight those with potential to be brought in for an interview. ____36____ It gives the employer a brief idea of your background, personality, and overall “fit” for the position. With that in mind, you can prepare for phone interviews to ensure you have well-thought-out, prepared answers for the most common questions.
____37____ Preparing for this question in advance allows you to think about your goals, your past work experiences, and even your hobbies going with the position. You don’t want to sound too well-prepared but putting down a few notes on your background can make this question easier to respond to.
Salary requirement is another question you should be prepared to answer. ____38____ Does the job list a salary? What is the average salary for this position? etc. In most cases, it’s best to reply that you are open in terms of salary, especially if you don’t want to lose the position.
A third question to be considered is “Why do you want this position?”. Basically, they want to understand why you’re interested in this company. Doing your research and bringing up some of the company’s core values or other details will only strengthen your interest. ____39____
Last, but not least, you will be asked when you can start. This is up to your unique situation.
____40____ If you need more time, you should not only state that, but also explain why in order to show that you’re still interested in the position, but have other circumstances at play that require additional time.
A. Surely, you should do your research in advance.
B. Basically, a phone interview is the first step in the hiring process.
C. Prepare to explain employment gaps so as not to make you look bad.
D. Behavioral questions will tell the interviewer more about your personality.
E. An interview will often begin with the question of “Tell me about yourself”.
F. Don’t hesitate to tell the interviewer that you’re much interested in the position.
G. However, most individuals will require two weeks’ notice from the offer acceptance.
【答案】36. B 37. E 38. A 39. F 40. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了面试中的第一步电话面试，和面试中你可能会遇到的问题和所需要做的准备。
【36题详解】
上文“Phone interviews are typically meant as a way to remove individuals unfit for the position, and to highlight those with potential to be brought in for an interview.”（电话面试通常是为了排除不适合这个职位的人，并突出那些有可能被邀请参加面试的人。）说明，电话面试用来挑选人才。空格处承上启下，下文“It gives the employer a brief idea of your background, personality, and overall “fit” for the position.”（它让雇主对你的背景、个性以及整体适合该职位有一个简单的了解）说明，电话面试的作用。B项前半句“a phone interview”与上文一致，“the first step in the hiring process”与下文一致，故选B。
【37题详解】
下文“Preparing for this question in advance allows you to think about your goals, your past work experiences, and even your hobbies going with the position.”（提前准备这个问题可以让你考虑你的目标、你过去的工作经历，甚至你在这个职位上的爱好）说明，提前为面试准备。空格处与下文是因果关系，E项“An interview will often begin with the question of “Tell me about yourself”说明面试一般是从提问关于面试者自身的问题开始的，因此你可以为面试准备一些问题的回答。故选E。
【38题详解】
上文“Salary requirement is another question you should be prepared to answer.”（薪水要求是另一个你需要准备回答的问题）说明，薪水问题是你需要考虑的。上文与空格处是因果关系，因此你需要去提前研究一下薪水问题。故选A。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Doing your research and bringing up some of the company’s core values or other details will only strengthen your interest.”（做好调查，提出公司的核心价值观或其他细节只会增强你的兴趣。）可知，F项中的“ you’re much interested in the position”与上文一致，说明了面试者对工作岗位的热爱。故选F。
【40题详解】
上文“Last, but not least, you will be asked when you can start. This is up to your unique situation.”（最后，面试官会问你什么时候可以开始工作。这取决于你的独特情况。）空格处起到承上启下的作用，下文“ If you need more time, you should not only state that, but also explain why in order to show that you’re still interested in the position, but have other circumstances at play that require additional time.”（如果你需要更多的时间，你不仅要说明这一点，还要解释原因，以显示你仍然对该职位感兴趣，但还有其他需要额外时间的情况。）说明，面试者需要时间来开始这份工作。G项中“the offer acceptance”与前文一致，“two weeks’ notice”与后文中“you need more time”一致。故选G。
第三部分：语言运用(共三节,满分40分)
第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Our oldest daughter, Christy, told us she was running away. In ____41____ my wife, Cathy, and I stared at each other, at a loss for words. When she started packing her suitcase, we knew she was serious. Her action left us speechless—after all, Christy was only six. We didn’t know whether to laugh or cry.
Our daughter ____42____ she was moving to Julia’s house across the street. My wife gave Julia’s mother a ____43____ , telling her what was happening. Then, with ____44____ feelings, we watched Christy cross the street. Julia’s mother waited outside the door to greet her. A few hours later, Julia’s mom reminded Christy it was Monday night and that our family always drove to the Golden Spoon for frozen yogurt. It was a tradition ____45____ by my three girls—including our little Christy. To our relief, she called and asked if she could go. A joyous ____46____!
The yogurt ____47____ was part of our family identity. Even the neighbors knew our ____48____ visit to the Golden Spoon. Our three daughters are now grown-up, but we ____49____ visit the Golden Spoon as always. Its yogurt is still delicious. Our family ____50____ are kept strong by one of those simple activities.
At some point, ____51____ will come to every family. But when you build a strong family identity ____52____ there will be no doubt that your family can ____53____ whatever winds and rains coming your way. Not ____54____, a strong family identity will give your kids solid foundations to ____55____ during those difficult times.
41. A. confusion B. disbelief C. anger D. sorrow
42. A. declared B. acknowledged C. whispered D. requested
43. A. bow B. response C. tip D. bell
44. A. mixed B. bitter C. guilty D. embarrassed
45. A. expected B. approved C. promoted D. shared
46. A. recovery B. success C. reunion D. communication
47. A. purchase B. run C. recipe D. drink
48. A. daily B. monthly C. weekly D. yearly
49. A. occasionally B. automatically C. rarely D. regularly
50. A. origins B. traditions C. bonds D. honors
51. A. sufferings B. storms C. failures D. barriers
52. A. in return B. in particular C. in reality D. in advance
53. A. survive B. ignore C. avoid D. predict
54. A. surprisingly B. exactly C. certainly D. obviously
55. A. hold on B. count on C. get through D. put through
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者六岁女儿“离家出走”的故事，引出作者对家庭认同的思考。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子凯西面面相觑，不知道说什么好。A. confusion困惑；B. disbelief不相信；C. anger生气；D. sorrow伤心。根据下文“When she started packing her suitcase, we knew she was serious. Her action left us speechless—after all, Christy was only six. We didn’t know whether to laugh or cry.”可知，作者对于女儿的离家出走感到难以置信，知道女儿收拾行李，作者和妻子才意识到女儿是认真的。in disbelief意为“难以置信地”，故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的女儿宣布她要搬到对面的茱莉娅家去。A. declared宣告；B. acknowledged承认；C. whispered低语；D. requested要求。根据下文“she was moving to Julia’s house across the street.”可知，结合Christy的行为和年龄，此处表示她向作者宣布她要搬到茱莉娅家去。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妻子给茱莉娅的妈妈打了个电话。A. bow鞠躬；B. response回应；C. tip建议；D. bell铃声。根据下文“telling her what was happening.”可知，作者妻子给茱莉娅的妈妈打电话，讲述了女儿的事情。give sb. a bell意为“给某人打电话”，故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，我们怀着复杂的心情看着克里斯蒂穿过街道。A. mixed混合的，复杂的；B. bitter痛苦的；C. guilty有罪的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“We didn’t know whether to laugh or cry.”可知，作者和妻子此时的心情很复杂。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我的三个女儿所期待的传统，包括我们的小克里斯蒂。A. expected期望；B. approved赞同；C. promoted提升；D. shared分享。根据下文“To our relief, she called and asked if she could go.”可知，周一晚上去金钥匙餐厅吃冻酸奶是作者是三个女儿所期待的传统。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一次快乐的团聚！A. recovery恢复；B. success成功；C. reunion团聚；D. communication交流。根据上文“To our relief, she called and asked if she could go.”可知，离家出走的女儿也想去金钥匙餐厅吃冻酸奶，所以一家人又能快乐的团聚。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这段酸奶之旅是我们家庭认同的一部分。A. purchase购买；B. run旅程；C. recipe食谱，方法；D. drink饮料。根据下文“Even the neighbors knew our _______ visit to the Golden Spoon.”可知，甚至邻居都知道我们的酸奶之旅。run，熟词新义，表示“旅程，行程”。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词义辨析。句意：甚至连邻居都会知道我们每周都去金钥匙餐厅。A. daily日常的；B. monthly每月的；C. weekly每周的；D. yearly每年的。根据上文“A few hours later, Julia’s mom reminded Christy it was Monday night and that our family always drove to the Golden Spoon for frozen yogurt.”可知，作者一家每周都会去一次金钥匙餐厅。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们的三个女儿现在都长大了，但我们还是一如既往地定期去金钥匙餐厅。A. occasionally偶尔地；B. automatically自动地；C. rarely很少；D. regularly有规律地，定期地。根据上文“Even the neighbors knew our _______ visit to the Golden Spoon.”可知，作者一家定期会去金钥匙餐厅吃酸奶。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的家庭纽带通过其中一项简单的活动得以维系。A. origins起源；B. traditions传统；C. bonds纽带；联系；D. honors荣誉。根据下文“a strong family identity will give your kids solid foundations”可知，简单的家庭活动让家庭成员之间的联系变得更加坚韧。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：总有一天，风暴会降临到每个家庭。A. sufferings痛苦；B. storms暴风雨；C. failures失败；D. barriers障碍。根据下文“whatever winds and rains coming your way.”可知，家庭中总会遇到风风雨雨，此处storms(暴风雨)是比喻用法，比喻生活中的波折。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，当你事先建立其强大的家庭认同时，毫无疑问，无论遇到什么风雨，你的家庭都能挺过去。A. in return作为回报；B. in particular尤其；C. in reality事实上；D. in advance提前。根据下文“there will be no doubt that your family can ________ whatever winds and rains coming your way.”可知，我们要预先建立起强大的家庭。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，当你事先建立其强大的家庭认同时，毫无疑问，无论遇到什么风雨，你的家庭都能挺过去。A. survive幸存；渡过难关；B. ignore忽略；C. avoid避免；D. predict预测。根据下文“whatever winds and rains coming your way.”可知，我们预先建立起的强大家庭在我们遇到风雨时，都能挺过去。故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：毫不奇怪，强烈的家庭认同将会在困难时期给你的孩子坚实的依靠。A. surprisingly惊讶地；B. exactly准确地；C. certainly当然；D. obviously明显地。根据上文“there will be no doubt that”可知，家庭认同感给孩子带来的依靠是肯定的。not surprisingly意为“不足为奇”。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：毫不奇怪，强烈的家庭认同将会在困难时期给你的孩子坚实的依靠。A. hold on等等；B. count on依赖；C. get through度过；D. put through接通电话。根据上文“give your kids solid foundations”可知，给孩子提供坚实的基础，孩子可以依赖。故选B项。
第二节：课文填空(共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分)
56. Cholera used to be one of the most________ ________ in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could________ ________.（根据课文内容填空）
【答案】 ①. feared ②. diseases ③. be ④. overcome
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态，形容词和名词。句意：霍乱曾经是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一，直到一位英国医生，约翰斯诺，展示了如何战胜它。根据句意，空①为“令人恐惧的”用feared，空②为“疾病”用disease，one of+the+最高级+名词复数，是固定短语，名词用复数，空③④为谓语动词overcome“战胜；克服”，与主语it（指代上文提到的Cholera）是被动冠词，could是情态动词，故填be overcome，故答案为①feared ②diseases ③be ④overcome。
57. In the early19th century, when________ ________of cholera hit Europe, millions of people________ ________the disease. （根据课文内容填空）
【答案】 ①. an ②. outbreak ③. died ④. from
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和动词短语。句意：19世纪初，欧洲暴发霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。分析句子可知，空①②是主语，表示“爆发”用an outbreak，空③④是谓语动词，表示“死于”用die from，根据时间状语In the early19th century可指，用一般过去时，故填an outbreak，died from。
58. In time, he________ ________become a famous doctor, and even________ ________Queen Victoria when she gave birth. （根据课文内容填空）
【答案】 ①. rose ②. to ③. attended ④. to
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：随着时间的推移，他成为了一名著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾过她。表示“成为”短语为rise to；表示“照料”短语为attend to；结合后文gave可知为一般过去时。故填①rose；②to；③attended；④to。
59. In general, doctors in those days had two________ theories to explain________ ________ ________.（根据课文内容填空）
【答案】 ①. contradictory ②. how ③. cholera ④. spread
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、宾语从句和动词。句意：总的来说，当时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。根据句意第一空表示“互相矛盾”可知应用形容词contradictory，作定语；第二空引导宾语从句，表示“如何”应用how；表示“霍乱”应用名词cholera，动词spread，作谓语，结合上文had可知为一般过去时。故填①contradictory；②how；③cholera；④spread。
60. The other was that cholera was caused by an________ from________ in food or water. Snow________ to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. (根据课文内容填空)
【答案】 ①. infection ②. germs ③. subscribed
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词和时态。句意：另一种认为霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。它是正确的，但他仍然需要证据。根据句意“细菌感染”可知，空格一应用“infection”，意为“感染”，为可数名词，根据空格前“an”可知，应用其单数形式，作宾语；“germ”意为“细菌”，空格应用“germ”的复数形式“germs”，表示一类事物，作宾语；根据句意“赞同”可知，空格三涉及单词“subscribe”，“subscribe to…”意为“赞同……”，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，应用“subscribe”的过去式“subscribed”。故填infection; germs; subscribed。
第三节：语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A comforting cup of tea is an essential part of the day for hundreds of millions of people around the globe. Worldwide, three cups of tea ___61___ (consume) for every cup of coffee. To___62___(full) appreciate the ancient roots of the herbal drink, a visit to the China National Tea Museum might be in order. The institution has a long history.
___63___(locate)in Hangzhou, the museum occupies a parklike setting. Inside, various halls demonstrate the story of tea, its ceremonies and its tools. Records of tea drinking date as far back as the ___64___ (ten) century B.C. in China. Originally the leaves were baked into a brick, a part of ___65___ could be broken off and made into a powder. Tea spread into northern China during the Tang Dynasty; by the Song Dynasty it ___66___(acquire) a loose-leaf production as well as the ceremonies that made its consumption ___67___ art form.
The art of tea extended to its fancy containers, which are ___68___ display at the museum.Gracefully rounded kettles date back 5,000 years; tea bowls from the Tang Dynasty have a beautiful simplicity. Today ___69___ (visit) can observe a tea ceremony that might be enough ____70____(change) even the most passionate coffee drinker
【答案】61. are consumed
62. fully 63. Located
64. tenth 65. which
66. had acquired
67. an 68. on
69. visitors
70. to change
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。对全球数亿人来说，一杯令人舒适的茶是一天中必不可少的一部分。要想充分了解这种草药饮料的古老起源，最好还是参观中国茶叶博物馆。文章主要介绍了中国饮茶习俗的历史以及传播历程。
【61题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：在世界范围内，每喝一杯咖啡就要喝三杯茶。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为three cups of tea，谓语动词用复数。故填are consumed。
【62题详解】
考查副词。句意：要想充分了解这种草药饮料的古老起源，最好还是参观中国茶叶博物馆。修饰后文动词appreciate，应用副词fully，作状语。故填fully。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该博物馆位于杭州，拥有公园般的环境。结合句意表示“位于……”可知短语为be located in，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Located。
【64题详解】
考查数词。句意：在中国，关于喝茶的记载可以追溯到公元前10世纪。根据上文定冠词the，且表示“十世纪”应用序数词tenth。故填tenth。
【65题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最初，人们把树叶烤成砖，把砖的一部分打碎，做成粉末。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词brick，作介词of的宾语，指物，在“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句中只能用关系代词which。故填which。
【66题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：茶叶在唐代传入中国北方；到了宋朝，它已经获得了散装生产和使喝茶成为了一种艺术形式的仪式。根据上文“by the Song Dynasty”可知表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had acquired。
【67题详解】
考查冠词。句意：茶叶在唐代传入中国北方；到了宋朝，它已经获得了散装生产和使喝茶成为了一种艺术形式的仪式。form为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且art是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。
【68题详解】
考查介词。句意：茶的艺术延伸到其别致的容器，这些容器正在博物馆中展出。结合句意表示“在展出”可知短语为be on display。故填on。
【69题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：今天，游客们可以观摩到一场足以改变最热衷喝咖啡的人的茶道。空处作主语，表示“游客”应用名词visitor，且表示数量大于一应用复数。故填visitors。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，游客们可以观摩到一场足以改变最热衷喝咖啡的人的茶道。结合句意表示“足以做某事”可知短语为be enough to do sth.。故填to change。
第四部分：书面表达(共两部分, 满分40)
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
71. 假如你是校学生会主席李华，你校将组织留学生开展“中国古诗阅读分享会”(The sharing session of the ancient Chinese poems)。请根据下列提示，写一则通知，内容包括：
1. 时间、地点；
2. 活动主要内容；
3. 期待参加。
注意：词数80词左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Notice
To help us appreciate the charm of the ancient Chinese poems and learn more about Chinese culture and history, our school is going to host the sharing session of ancient Chinese poems. Anyone who is interested in Chinese poems is welcome.
The event will be held in the lecture hall from 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. this Saturday. It’s a wonderful chance to share your ideas about your favourite ancient Chinese poems with other poetry lovers. Please sign up for it by sending an email to chinesepoems@126.com by this Friday.
Please join us! Looking forward to your participation.
The Student Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是校学生会主席李华，你校将组织留学生开展“中国古诗阅读分享会”(The sharing session of the ancient Chinese poems)。请根据下列提示，写一则通知。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举办：host/hold→launch
机会：chance→opportunity
观点：idea→opinion
报名参加：sigh up for→enroll in
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：The event will be held in the lecture hall from 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. this Saturday. It’s a wonderful chance to share your ideas about your favourite ancient Chinese poems with other poetry lovers.
拓展句：The event will be held in the lecture hall from 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. this Saturday, which is a wonderful chance to share your ideas about your favourite ancient Chinese poems with other poetry lovers.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To help us appreciate the charm of the ancient Chinese poems and learn more about Chinese culture and history, our school is going to host the sharing session of ancient Chinese poems. （运用了动词不定式作目的状语）
【高分句型2】Anyone who is interested in Chinese poems is welcome.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
72. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The watch was my grandfather’s. He hung it by his bed. The face was marked with elegant Roman numbers and the case was gold. My grandfather got it after his fifty years of faithful service with his firm. I often gazed at it longingly as I sat with my grandfather after school.
The day I told him of my success in the examinations, he was pleased,“You’ll be going to the new school next, Will. Remember you’ll need plenty of patience. That’s the right way.” I nodded when handing him the watch. He gazed at it for some moments, and wound it.
The next morning my mother told me he had died in his sleep and left me his watch. For safety, my mother was to put it away in trust until she considered me old enough to look after it. I protested(抗议) so strongly that she finally agreed to hang it in the kitchen where I could always see it.
The summer soon ended and it was time for me to enter the new school. I never made friends easily, and for a time I did little more than get on speaking terms with some boys. One of them was a rich fellow whose way of impressing us was to parade his possessions before us. Everything Crawley had was better than ours – until he brought the watch.
“I have a better watch than that,” I announced, attempting to impress them. “Well, show it to us,” Crawley sneered (冷笑) in disbelief. Embarrassed, I promised to bring it to them that afternoon.
Considering there was no way to persuade my mother to let me take the watch, I decided to wait for her to step outside and slip the watch into my pocket. So I did. After lunch, as I was too excited to wait for the return bus, I got my bike out of the shed.
I rode fast excitement coursing through me. Then suddenly a puppy ran out into my path. I pulled at my brakes so hard that the bike stopped to a sharp standstill (急停) and I fell over.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I picked myself up and put a trembling hand into my pocket.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“That’s not the right way. Patience, Will. Patience,” a voice echoed in my ears after the boys left.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Para 1:
I picked myself up and put a trembling hand into my pocket. Then I brought out what was left of my grandfather's proudest possession. There was deep bulge in the watch, the glass shattered, and the Roman numbers looking crazily at one another. Putting it back, I rode slowly on to school, numb with misery. After what seemed forever, I finally turned up before the waiting boys. “My mother wouldn't let me bring it,” I lied. “His mother wouldn't let him,” Crawley jeered. “What a story!" The others took up his cries and left without a backward glance.
Para 2:
“That’s not the right way. Patience, Will. Patience,” a voice echoed in my ears after the boys left. Though anger, embarrassment and sadness hung heavily in the air, the voice drew me to the awareness of the mistakes I had made when I attempted to impress the boys. I shouldn’t have tried to integrate in such a hasty way, nor should I have stolen the watch behind my mother. It was the first time that I had truly realized the meaning of the gift—patience. I knew for sure that every time I lost patience in the future I would remember my grandfather’s words.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的爷爷在去世之前送给了他一块手表。在他去了一所新学校之后，由于同学Crawley炫耀财富，他也想要将自己珍贵的手表展示给大家看。他悄悄地偷了表准备带到学校，谁知，在匆忙赶路的过程中，表摔碎了。突然他想起了爷爷对他说过的话，他意识到自己的行为错了，也明白了爷爷让他保持耐心的含义。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我站起来，颤抖着把手伸进口袋。”可知，第一段可描写作者的表被摔碎了，却骗同学们妈妈不允许他将表带到学校。
②由第二段首句内容“孩子们离开后，一个声音在我耳边回响：‘这不是正确的方法。耐心，威尔。耐心。’”可知，第二段可描写作者想起爷爷说的“耐心”，悟出了爷爷说的话的意思。
2.续写线索：摸手表——手表摔碎——欺骗同学——想起爷爷的话——理解“耐心”的含义
3.词汇激活
行为类
取出：bring out/take out/fish out
出现：turn up/show up/appear
企图：attempt to/intend to/aim at
情绪类
沮丧、痛苦：numb with misery/frustrated and depressed
尴尬：embarrassment/awkwardness
【点睛】[高分句型1] Though anger, embarrassment and sadness hung heavily in the air, the voice drew me to the awareness of the mistakes I had made when I attempted to impress the boys. (运用了though引导的让步状语从句，省略引导词that的定语从句以及when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] After what seemed forever, I finally turned up before the waiting boys. “My mother wouldn't let me bring it,”(运用了what引导的宾语从句)
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