高考英语语法填空专项训练

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用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tian Hua is a new student at a school in America. She ___1___(study) at an American high school for one year. In China, Tian Hua was in Grade 1 at senior high school, ___2___ in America, she is in Grade 10! She did not feel ___3___(confidence) at all when she arrived. Her first ___4___(impress) was that English was difficult and people spoke too ___5___ (quick), but soon she found that if she concentrated on the ideas, not the single ___6___ (word), she could understand! She also made friends and began to explore the city ___7___ them. Her new friends were happy to explain things to her after class. Her favourite class is chemistry ___8___ the teacher lets the students ___9___(do) cool experiments! Tian Hua is not sure how well she will do at school this year, but she is not nervous any more. She is ___10___(excite)!

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each bank.
Star Eating Purple for Your Health
Eat a rainbow of colours often, as dietitians are fond of saying — and with good reason. Eating a variety of colourful food provides vitamins and minerals that can’t ____11____ (replace) with supplement to nourish your body.
According to experts from Whole Foods, a food company in the United States, who examined consumer behaviour globally across 465 stores, our plates look very colourful this year, ____12____ purple foods particularly popular. This is indeed the case. ____13____ (walk) through any supermarket and you will find richly-coloured purple foods are popping on the shelves.
The purple food trend in the market is unsurprising, ____14____ (give) how health-conscious people are becoming in recent years. People have long known ____15____ the darker the colour of food, the higher the contents of antioxidants (抗氧化剂) and nutrients will be and the ____16____ (healthy) the food. In fact, they are inspired to eat more purple foods because a study found that those who ate purple fruits and vegetables regularly often have low cholesterol (胆固醇) and a reduced risk of getting blood pressure.
Research shows that these foods get their purple colour from anthocyanins (花青素), ____17____ have been linked with antioxidants and anti-aging properties in the body. Purple foods help promote bone health, and have also been shown ____18____ (lower) the risk of some cancers and improve memory. Take purple sweet potatoes for example. ____19____ the standard sweet potato is packed with health benefits of its own, the purple sweet potato is even better for us. Of course, you _____20_____ not switch to only eating purple foods. Eating a variety of colourful foods every day is the best. But do include purple ones!

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Junk Food! Bad For Wallet!
A new study confirms what you may already know: Few things can stop us from hunting down the foods we really like.
The study ____21____ (publish) on Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that people are willing to overpay when they are longing for junk food.
In one experiment, 44 non-dieters who ____22____ (not eat) for four hours were asked how much they wanted 15 different snack foods, and how much they would pay for each item out of a $5 plan. Next, each person went through a multi-sensory experience which was aimed ____23____ (stimulate) desire for one of three desirable foods: a Snickers bar, Cheetos or a Coke. They were then asked how much they wanted that particular item, and how much they would pay for ____24____.
Not only did desire increase, but the researchers also found that participants were willing to pay   ____25____ average of $0.66 more for whatever they wanted. When they can choose from less similar (and thus, healthier) items, such as cereal, they were not willing to pay as much, ____26____ suggests desire for food is different from general hunger.
In a second experiment, the researchers repeated the process with 45 people. This time, however, individuals ____27____ choose to pay for one, two, three, five or eight “units” of whatever they wanted. The researchers found people were also willing to pay disproportionately (不成比例) more for ____28____ (large) quantities of whatever food they desired.
“____29____ people try to eat healthier or promote drug-free lifestyles,” the researchers write in the paper, “desire could overshadow (使逊色) the value of health by boosting the values of unhealthy foods and drugs.”
On the bright side, however, the researchers estimated the effects _____30_____ subjects’ desire would disappear within two hours, and probably less time if this good is not available, or when a person is self-regulated.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Book of the Week: Tomorrow’s People by Paul Morland
If you haven’t “been paying attention”, the message of this book is “going to come as a shock”, said David Aaronovitch in The Times. ____31____ argues that the “big demographic problem” of the future isn’t ____32____ there will be “too many people” on the planet, but that there will soon be “too few”. The world’s population is growing now, and in this “pithy and well-structured book”, Paul Morland, a lecturer at Birkbeck College in London, predicts it will go on doing so for a while yet, ____33____(peak) at around 11 billion later this century. But that trend, he argues, is deceptive, because it depends on rapid growth in a few places, ____34____sub-Saharan Africa. Meanwhile, across much of the rest of the planet, fertility rates ____35____(fall) so fast that those dying are not being replaced. “Most of the West reproduces below or well below replacement rate, ____36____ does China.” Morland’s prediction is that the world’s population will fall significantly, with a profound effect on “social dynamics”.
____37____ the heart of Morland’s analysis is a process known as the “demographic transition”, said Sarah Harper in Literary Review. This holds that as societies develop economically, life expectancy increases-leading to a population surge. But then, as such societies become ____38____(prosperous), women start having fewer children and their populations age and decline. The demographic transition is particularly advanced in Japan, a country with 79,000 centenarians, said Colin Freeman in The Daily Telegraph. Italy, Bulgaria and Russia are also shrinking fast. By contrast, Nigeria’s population ____39____(expect) to double to 400 million by 2050. Tomorrow’s People is a well-argued work that provides a “concise chronicle of our global breeding habits”, and which is “illuminating on _____40_____ the ebbs and flows (消长) of population can influence history”.

阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The United Nations is not only committed to protecting people. It ____41____ (look) after places, too. One of the aims of UNESCO——the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization——which was founded ____42____ 1946, was to protect places of great cultural importance. Its first major task was in the 1950s, ____43____ it launched a campaign to protect two ancient Egyptian temples. The temples were going to be ____44____(complete) flooded with the construction of the huge Aswan Damn. The temples ____45____(take) to pieces and rebuilt on dry ground. Fifty ____46____(country) donated money to the project. ____47____(it) success led to other projects to protect Venice, in Italy, a unique city built on water, ____48____ Moenjodaro, in Pakistan, one of the cradles of civilization.
If a site is put on the List of World Heritage in Danger, it means that it will receive money from the World Heritage Fund ____49____(help) protect it. However, countries must make as much effort as they can to look after their special places and preserve the world’s remaining cultural and _____50_____(nature) heritages for the future.

阅读下面短文，在答题卡相应位置处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Are computers going to be smarter than people someday? Maybe. But are they going to tell____51____(story) and have a sense of humor? Ray Kurzweil believes this will happen. Ray Kurzweil is an author, and____52____(invent), a computer scientist and a futurist. He makes predictions (预测) about computers. He believes that by 2029, computers will do things____53____(good) than humans. He predicts that by 2045, computers will be more powerful. Someday soon, he says, we____54____(have) little computers in our brains.
Kurzweil is good ____55____making predictions. For example, here are a few of his predictions from his book. The Age of Intelligent Machines, written in the late 1980s: Documents will include more than just words and they will include voice, music, ____56____other sounds; computers will be as common as pencils and books in schools; we will use wireless networks____57____(share) information.
Kurzweil is now working on a project ____58____will improve the way computers search. He predicts that one day computers will ____59____(actual) understand our questions. He also thinks technology is going to help _____60_____(we) live longer.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Today, much of the world’s ocean is still a mystery.
So far, only 5 percent of it ___61___(explore). In fact, we know more about some areas of Mars than that of the world’s ocean.
However, 6___62___is new technology that is helping scientists explore these hidden worlds. For example, scientists are using an underwater vehicle ___63___(call) DeepSee to explore seamounts-underwater mountains. Scientists have used DeepSee to study Las Gemelas. There are a huge variety of species ___64___(live) around Las Gemelas. Some of these species may have chemicals ___65___can help people fight illnesses.
___66___deepest location of the earth is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. The ocean floor there is about 11,000 meters deep. In 2012, filmmaker and explorer James Cameron ___67___(reach) the Mariana Trench in a vehicle called Deepsee Challenger. He was the first ___68___(complete) the journey alone. Cameron took___69___(photo) and made videos on the ocean floor.
Deep-sea exploration also helps us in other ways. For example, we are learning how underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis(海啸). As Cameron says, “This is the beginning of___70___(open) up a new frontier.”

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(不超过3个词)
What makes something a sport? Traditional definitions usually included some physical activity, ___71___ shows athletic ability or strength. But some sports can take the form of mental contests. For instance, chess ___72___ (recognize) as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. Now, some people consider eSports should also be sports.
The word eSports is short ___73___ electronic sports. It is a form of contest in which professional players or gamers play video games either in teams ___74___ individually. ___75___ (Typical), those who win the ___76___ (compete) will receive prize money.
The first eSports event was the one ___77___ (hold) by Stanford University in the 1970s, for the game Spacewar! Over the next 30 years, video games will have become more and more popular. ___78___ increasing number of countries, such as South Korea, China and the United States, started to develop eSports into an industry. In the 2000s, television broadcasts of the games, ___79___ (feature) programs like Street Fighter III, StarCraft, and Counter-strike, became popular. In the 2010s, thanks to online streaming services, eSports grew rapidly with more worldwide championships, more viewers, and ____80____ (large) prizes. In 2020, the industry made more than US$1 billion for the first time ever.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并写在答题卡指定位置。
More than a fifth of all reptile species (爬行动物) are threatened with extinction, which could have____81____ destructive impact on the planet, a new study warns. Fifty-two experts analysed data from the Global Reptile Assessment, which, in the past 17 years, ____82____ (receive) contributions from more than 900 scientists across six continents.
Although many reptiles live in dry____83____ (environment) such as deserts and scrubland, most species occur in forests, ____84____ they suffer from threats such as logging and conversion of land for agriculture. Hunting is also a major threat to reptiles, especially turtles and crocodiles (鳄鱼), many of which are____85____ risk of extinction. Another major factor that ____86____ (contribute) to forming the threat is the introduction of invasive (入侵的) species.
The study is not all depressing. Scientists noted that conservation efforts to help other animals are likely to be protecting reptile species as collateral (抵押品). “We found, surprisingly, that if you set out____87____ (protect) places where birds, mammals (哺乳动物) and amphibians (两栖动物) under threat live together, you’ll protect many more____88____ (threaten) reptiles at the same time, ” said Bruce Young, co-leader of the study.
Yet reptiles also require direct, ____89____ (globe) efforts to protect them, said Cox. Governments will negotiate (议定) new targets to protect biodiversity, ____90____ (include) reptiles, in Kunming, China, later this year.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first ___91___ (discover) of water on the moon was made in 2009 by India’s Chandrayaan-1 mission. The team used NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper instrument to ___92___ (final) discover water. Since then, water has been mapped from orbit in ___93___ (mission) like NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.
China’s Chang’e5 lunar lander used its mineralogical spectrometer (矿物学光谱仪), ___94___ was designed to find water. It did so by ___95___ (determine) spectral reflectance (光谱反射率) measurements of rocks on the moon. The water was found near the Oceanus Procellarum on the moon’s near side.
The Chang’e 5 landed on the moon on December 1, 2020 with a mission to collect lunar rocks to bring back to Earth. This is China’s first ever sample (样本) return mission;however, the country has had four ___96___ (success) robotic tasks to the moon before the Chang’e 5.
The lander was ___97___ the surface for less than 48 hours before it headed back into orbit around the moon.
China is ___98___ third country to bring samples back from the moon, after the United States and the Soviet Union. China is working hard to launch the Chang’e 6 in 2023. The lander is meant ___99___ (be)a backup to the Chang’e 5, but it ___100___ (head) to the lunar south pole for samples.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Friends who are not ____101____ (biological) related still tend to resemble each other when it comes to genetics, according to a U. S. study ____102____ (publish) recently that proves that “Friends are the family you choose.”
“____103____ (look) across the whole genome (基因组), we find that, on average, we are genetically similar to our friends,” lead author James Fowler, professor of the University of California, San Diego, says. “We have more DNA ____104____ common with the people we pick as friends than we do with strangers in the same population.”
On average, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins or people who share great, great, great grandparents, ____105____ translates to about one percent of our genes. One percent may not sound like much to the layperson (外行). “But to geneticists it is a ____106____ (significance) number. And how remarkable: Most people don’t even know who their fourth cousins are! Yet we are quite likely ____107____ (select) the people who resemble our relatives as friends.”
One of the most interesting ____108____ (discovery) in the study is that genes more similar between friends seem to be evolving faster than other genes. This may help explain why human evolution ____109____ (quicken) over the past 30, 000 years, which suggests that the social environment itself is _____110_____ evolutionary force.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Suzhou is a cultural and historical city in China. It is celebrated all over the world because of its classical gardens _____111_____ have been added to the list of World Heritage Sites. They were first built as far back as the 6th century BC and _____112_____ (reach) their top during the period from the 16th century to the 18th century. Records show that there were over 200 gardens during their golden age.
The gardens show the importance of natural _____113_____ (beautiful) in Chinese culture. Nowadays, many classical gardens are still _____114_____ good condition, including the Humble Administrator’s Garden, which _____115_____ (have) an area of some 52,000 square meters. No other gardens of Suzhou are _____116_____ (large) than it. _____117_____ (consider) as “the mother of all gardens under the sun”, the garden _____118_____ (divide) into the eastern, central, western and residential parts. The gardens of Suzhou are _____119_____ (extreme) elegant(漂亮雅致的)and a feast for the senses, and are used as both tourist attractions ______120______residential(住宅的)houses. They also add a human touch to the natural delights(乐趣)of the gardens themselves.

阅读下面材料, 在空白处填人1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Legend has it that tofu was discovered by a health-conscious Chinese prince named Liu An more than 2, 000 years ___121___when he was making an elixir (丹药). He realized that soy milk ___122___(leave) in certain conditions coagulated (凝固) and developed a pudding-like substance and that was the beginning of tofu. It’s ___123___ (universal) believed that Buddhist monks visiting China brought tofu back to neighboring countries like Japan.
___124___ East Asia has been eating tofu for more than 1, 000 years, it took a lot longer for it to catch on globally. Benjamin Franklin, one of the United State’s founding fathers, wrote a letter____125____some soy beans attached while he was in London, praising it as a “Chinese cheese” in 1770. The letter was one of the earliest___126___ (document) on record that mentioned tofu in the West. Li Shizeng, an enthusiast for tofu, is often credited with making tofu a more widely accepted food outside of Asia. It’s said that he was first sent by the Chinese government to attend a French military school. He ended up ___127___(study) at the agricultural school in Montargis and were____128____(passion) about promoting tofu in France.
Nowadays, tofu ___129___(serve) in a modern way. In many fine dining restaurants, the tasting menu is designed around ___130___(it) textures. The dishes and ingredients change according to the seasons. For example, in one of the restaurants, the current menu starts with the texture “Silken”, represented by tofu.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
BW Kafe is an unusual-looking cafe in Moscow.
BW Kafe first made international headlines last year, ____131____ photos of the St. Petersburg branch became popular online. Designed by Russian artist Anfisa Toshina, the inside part of the cafe looks like a picture ____132____ (draw) with charcoal (木炭) on a piece of white paper. It creates the false impression that you are the only 3D “object” in a two-dimensional (二维的) world. It’s a pretty nice trick (戏法), ____133____ one that might seem strangely familiar if you ____134____ (be) on the Internet sometime in the last two years.
This whole coloring book idea is ____135____ (actual) nothing new. It____136____ (introduce) in Korea first, by the designers of Cafe Yeonnam-dong 239-20, but has since been copied by other entrepreneurs (创业者) looking to capitalize (利用) on the ____137____ (popular) of the design. We saw similar cafes open in Japan a couple ____138____ years ago, now Russia, and I believe there are many more all over the world, not to mention official Cafe Yeonnam branches.
While it may look like a copy of Cafe Yeonnam-dong 239-20, it’s a pretty well organized one. And for ____139____ (European) who can’t visit the Korean cafe, it’s a chance ____140____ (enjoy) a cup of coffee in a 2D world.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Yangtze River, ____141____(know)in China as the Chang Jiang, is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. Flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the East China Sea, the Yangtze is a natural division____142____ north and south. Driven by the ____143____(curious) in my heart, I came to China and took part in a cruise(巡航)along part of the river last year.
Life on board was relaxing with plenty to occupy the time and mind. We passed Wuhan____144____ in 1966 Chairman Mao, then in his 70s, famously swam across the Yangtze. Glorious temples rise over industrial ports while, high above the rocks, ancient coffins are hung in caves without being disturbed for____145____(century). We also visited The Three Gorges Dam, ____146____ symbol of Chinese pride and power. As well as enormous hydro﹣electric output, ____147____(it) increasing shipping ability benefits Chinese people quite a lot.
As a foreigner, I____148____(absorb) and charmed by the genuine warmth of welcome and unique culture during the trip. ____149____(rare), if ever, have I enjoyed such a culturally rich and historically interesting trip. Now I am looking forward to_____150_____(visit)again China!

阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
During national holiday, famous landmarks and tourist___151___(attract) in China are usually very crowded. For example, in Beijing the Forbidden City often____152____(become) overcrowded with tourists, so people can___153___(hard) enjoy themselves. Because of this, some tourists might get a bad impression__154__these places.
In order to deal with this situation, ___155___ could be best for people____156____(lower) their expectations of a perfect visit — it can’t be avoided that there will be a lot of tourists when you visit places of interest. This problem can___157___(solve) if people visit different places. Besides, it’s___158___(possibility) that we avoid this___159___(overcrowd) by choosing to visit famous places during the year’s off-season (淡季). You could also visit equally interesting but____160____ (little) known places instead.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Bridges made out of living roots (根) of trees have been put forward for UNESCO’s World Heritage List.
The root bridges are in the Meghalaya region of northeast India. The region gets a lot of rainfall and is one of the wettest ___161___ (area) on Earth. That creates ___162___ number of lakes, rivers and waterfalls, ___163___ (make) it difficult to build roads. However, for hundreds of years the local Khasi people have been trying ___164___ (they) best to grow root bridges across rivers and streams to make it much ___165___ (easy) for them to move around the area.
The bridges ___166___ (build) by stretching (延伸) the roots of living trees over the river and winding them around bamboo structures to guide them in the right ___167___ (direct). The roots can take up to 20 years ___168___ (grow) into a complete bridge.
The India government has suggested Meghalaya’s root bridges should be added ___169___ the UNESCO World Heritage List. ____170____ means they will be recognized officially. They will attract more tourists and money to the area, just like Egypt’s pyramids (金字塔) or the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
Morningstar Khongthaw from Meghalaya said, “We want to spread this knowledge so that future generations will benefit.”

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Videos of 77-year-old Xu Xiuzhen, who speaks different languages with foreigners while working at a scene spot selling water, postcards and headdress flowers, have brought her instant tame.
Xu’s village____171____(locate) in a popular tourist destination. She has been working____172____a tour guide and vendor (小贩) in Yangshuo since 1998,____173____the area became famous with foreign backpackers and organized tours. Xu, who dropped out of junior school in the third grade, began to learn different languages in order to attract more foreign customers. Xu said she would convert words in any language into Chinese____174____(character) based on their pronunciation and then memorize them. Repeating the words in her head before going to bed and____175____(immediate) after waking up has given her fluency in basic conversations with foreigners, she said.
Over the past two decades, Xu has taught herself 11 foreign languages, including English, Spanish, Japanese and Korean. In addition to____176____ (make) her incredibly popular, her linguistic powers has made____177____easier for her to communicate with foreign tourists. Xu has also become one of the____178____(busy) tour guides in Yangshuo. Her reputation draws a large crowd of tourists every day, especially foreign visitors, who come to meet the multilingual guide out of____179____(admire).
Xu now owns a popular restaurant and operates a reputable hotel. “More and more foreign tourists____180____(come) to Yangshuo, and I hope they will feel at home here with my help,” she said.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are many scenic spots in the world. Some are the best form of architecture ever built and seen. The Great Wall, Taj Mahal, the Pyramids of Egypt and Petra ____181____ (actual) prove the point that architecture is an age old art and profession.
Not many people know the only piece of construction that can ____182____ (see) from the moon is the Great Wall of China, ____183____ total length built in all dynasties is 21,196.18 kilometers. It is the world’s longest man made structure.
Taj Mahal is a beautiful piece of architecture of all times, which was constructed by ____184____ (use) materials from all over India and Asia. ____185____ is believed that over 1,000 elephants were used to transport building materials. It ____186____ (take) the efforts of 22,000 laborers, painters, artists and stonecutters to shape Taj Mahal.
One of the best ____187____ (place) to experience traditional architecture is Egypt. The Pyramids of Egypt make us extremely amazed at how ____188____ (create) the architects in ancient times were and what efforts were made by ancient people.
Petra is another place ____189____ (visit) great structures. This ancient city was the capital of the Arab kingdom of the Nabateans, ____190____ trade center. The city is famous for water tunnels and stone structures carved in the rock.

语法填空
Once there lived a rich man ___191___ wanted to do something for the people of his town. But first he wanted to find out ____192____ they deserved his help.
In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed a very large stone. Then he hid behind a tree and waited. Soon   ____193____ old man came along with his cow.
“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try _____194_____ (remove) the stone. Instead, although he had some ____195____ (difficult) in passing around the stone, he passed and continued on his way. Another man came along and did the same thing; then another came, and another. All of them complained ____196____ (angry) about the stone but not tried to remove it . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, saying to ____197____ (he), “ The night will be very dark. If some neighbors come along later in the dark, they ____198____ (influence) by the stone.”
Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his strength to move it.____199____great his surprise was at last! Under the stone, he found a bag of money. On the bag were some words: Here is the gift that______200______ (belong) to a kind person.



















参考答案：
1．is studying
2．but
3．confident
4．impression
5．quickly
6．words
7．with
8．because
9．do
10．excited

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了田华在一所美国高中学习的经历。
1．考查时态。句意：她正在一所美国高中学习一年。结合语意，此处表示田华现在正在美国高中学习，句子应用现在进行时，主语是She，be动词应用is。故填is studying。
2．考查连词。句意：在中国，田华在高中一年级，但在美国，她在十年级！结合语意，句子前后表示转折关系，应用连词but，表示“但是”。故填but。
3．考查形容词。句意：当她到达时，她一点也不自信。feel后跟形容词作表语， confident是形容词，表示“自信的”，符合题意。故填confident。
4．考查名词。句意：她的第一印象是英语很难，人们说得太快了，但很快她就发现，如果她专注于想法，而不是单一的单词，她就能听懂！结合语意，此处表示“她的第一印象”，结合was，空处应用单数名词impression，表示“印象”，作句子主语。故填impression。
5．考查副词。句意：她的第一印象是英语很难，人们说得太快了，但很快她就发现，如果她专注于想法，而不是单一的单词，她就能听懂！空处修饰动词spoke，应用副词形式作状语，quickly是副词，表示“很快地”，符合题意。故填quickly。
6．考查名词。句意：她的第一印象是英语很难，人们说得太快了，但很快她就发现，如果她专注于想法，而不是单一的单词，她就能听懂！结合语境可知，此处表示“不是专注于单一的单词”，应用名词的复数形式words表示泛指。故填words。
7．考查介词。句意：她还结交了朋友，并开始与他们一起探索这座城市。结合语意，此处表示“和朋友们探索城市”，空处应用介词with，表示“和”。故填with。
8．考查连词。句意：她最喜欢的课是化学，因为老师让学生做很酷的实验！结合语意，她喜欢化学课是因为老师让学生做很酷的实验，空处应用连词because，表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句。故填because。
9．考查动词原形。句意：她最喜欢的课是化学，因为老师让学生做很酷的实验！let sb. do sth.为固定搭配，表示“让某人做某事”，所以空处应用动词原形形式。故填do。
10．考查形容词。句意：她很兴奋！结合语意，此处表示“她是感到兴奋的”，空处应用修饰形容人的-ed形容词excited，表示“感到兴奋的”，作句子表语。故填excited。
11．be replaced
12．with
13．Walk
14．given
15．that
16．healthier
17．which
18．to lower
19．While##Though##Although
20．should

【导语】这是一篇说明文。正如营养师们喜欢说的那样，经常吃彩虹般的颜色——是有充分理由的。多吃色彩丰富的食物，可以提供无法替代的维生素和矿物质，滋养你的身体。
11．考查被动语态。句意：多吃色彩丰富的食物，可以提供无法替代的维生素和矿物质，滋养你的身体。此空是定语从句，that指代先行词vitamins and minerals，从句谓语replace与从句主语that构成被动关系，且can’t后跟动词原形。故填be replaced。
12．考查介词。句意：美国全食食品公司的专家对全球465家门店的消费者行为进行了调查，他们表示，今年我们的餐盘看起来色彩缤纷，紫色食品尤其受欢迎。此处为with的复合结构“with+名词+形容词”，作伴随状语。故填with。
13．考查祈使句。句意：走进任何一家超市，你都会发现货架上摆满了颜色鲜艳的紫色食品。此处为“祈使句+and+含一般将来时的陈述句”这一基本句型，首字母大写。故填Walk。
14．考查固定短语。句意：鉴于近年来人们越来越注重健康，市场上的紫色食品趋势并不令人惊讶。短语given (that)...，表示“考虑到，假定，已知”。故填given。
15．考查宾语从句。句意：人们早就知道，食物颜色越深，抗氧化剂和营养物质含量越高，越健康。引导宾语从句，从句中不缺任何成分，故填that。
16．考查比较级。句意：人们早就知道，食物颜色越深，抗氧化剂和营养物质含量越高，越健康。此处为“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”，用形容词比较级。故填healthier。
17．考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，这些食物的紫色来自花青素，花青素与体内的抗氧化剂和抗衰老特性有关。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词anthocyanins，从句缺少主语，指物，用关系代词which。故填which。
18．考查非谓语动词。句意：紫色食物有助于促进骨骼健康，还被证明可以降低患某些癌症的风险，提高记忆力。appear/seem/report/say/show等动词后一般接不定式。故填to lower。
19．考查连词。句意：尽管标准的（一般化的）甜土豆含有自身的营养价值，紫色的甜土豆对我们而言就更好了。引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”应用while、though或although，句首单词首字母要大写。故填While/Though/Although。
20．考查情态动词。句意：你不应该一味地只吃紫色食物。表示按道理应该去做某事，用情态动词should。故填should。
21．published
22．hadn’t eaten
23．to stimulate
24．it
25．an
26．which
27．could
28．larger
29．Although##Though##While
30．of

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究证实了一个你可能已经知道的事实：没有什么能阻止我们猎食我们真正喜欢的食物。垃圾食品不利于我们的钱包！
21．考查非谓语动词。句意：周一发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的这项研究发现，当人们渴望吃垃圾食品时，他们愿意多付一些钱。句子主语The study和publish之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动、完成。故填published。
22．查动词时态。句意：在一项实验中，44名非节食者在4个小时内没有进食，他们被问及对15种不同零食的渴望程度，以及在一个5美元的计划中，他们愿意为每种零食支付多少钱。本句的主句谓语动词是were asked，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，动词发生在主句谓语动词之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填hadn’t eaten。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来，每个人都要进行多感官体验，目的是刺激他们对三种理想食物中的一种的欲望:士力架、奇多和可乐。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to stimulate。
24．考查代词。句意：然后他们被问及他们想要多少特定的东西，以及他们愿意为它支付多少钱。此处指代前面提到的that particular item，应用代词it，作宾语。故填it。
25．考查冠词。句意：不仅欲望增加了，研究人员还发现，参与者愿意为他们想要的任何东西平均多支付0.66美元。固定短语an average of “平均”。故填an。
26．考查定语从句。句意：当他们可以从不太相似（因此更健康）的食物中选择时，比如谷物，他们不愿意花那么多钱，这表明对食物的渴望不同于一般的饥饿。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
27．考查情态动词。句意：然而，这一次，个人可以选择支付1、2、3、5或8个单位的任何他们想要的东西。此处表示“能够”选择，且指过去的事情，应用情态动词could。故填could。
28．考查形容词比较级。句意：研究人员发现，人们也愿意为更多他们想要的食物付出更多不成比例的代价。根据空前的pay disproportionately (不成比例) more for可知，此处指“更大量的”，应用形容词比较级。故填larger。
29．考查让步状语从句。句意：“尽管人们试图吃得更健康或提倡不吸毒的生活方式，”研究人员在论文中写道，“但欲望可能会通过宣扬不健康食品和药物的价值而使健康的价值黯然失色。”根据句意可知，此处引导让步状语从句，应用although/though/while表示“尽管”。故填Although/Though/While。
30．考查介词。句意：不过，从好的方面来看，研究人员估计，被试的欲望的影响会在两小时内消失，如果这种东西无法得到，或者当一个人能够自我调节时，时间可能会更短。根据句意可知，此处表示所有关系，用介词of，意思是“……的”。故填of。
31．It
32．that
33．peaking
34．like
35．are falling
36．so
37．And
38．more prosperous
39．is expected
40．how

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章向大家推荐一本保罗•莫兰写的书Tomorrow’s People。
31．考查代词。句意：他认为，未来的“重大人口问题”不是地球上的“人口过多”，而是很快就会“人口过少”。根据句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，设空出应该填写代词，指代标题中出现的书籍Tomorrow’s People，应用it。故填It。
32．考查表语从句。句意：同上。此处是表语从句，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：世界人口正在增长，在这本“简洁而结构合理的书”中，伦敦伯克贝克学院的讲师保罗•莫兰预测，世界人口还将持续增长一段时间，本世纪末将达到110亿左右的峰值。本句中will go是谓语动词，设空处需用非谓语动词，it(指代人口)与peak是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动，伴随状语。故填peaking。
34．考查介词。句意：但他认为，这种趋势具有欺骗性，因为它依赖于少数地区的快速增长，比如撒哈拉以南非洲地区。根据空前in few places及空后sub-Saharan Africa可知，后面是对其进行举例说明，应用介词like“比如”。故填like。
35．考查动词时态。句意：与此同时，在地球上的其他大部分地区，生育率下降得如此之快，以至于那些死亡的人没有被替代。根据句中meanwhile可知，生育率不断下降是现在正在进行的状态，应用现在进行时，主语fertility rates是复数，be动词使用are。故填are falling。
36．考查固定句型。句意：大多数西方国家的生育率都低于或远低于人口置换率，中国也是如此。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是固定句型：So+系动词/情态动词/助动词+名词或代词，表示前面的情况也适合后者，意为“……也是如此”。故填so。
37．考查连词。句意：萨拉·哈珀在《文学评论》上说，莫兰德分析的核心是一个被称为“人口转型”的过程。此处承接上文，与上文表示并列，应用and。故填And。
38．考查形容词比较级。句意：但是，随着这些社会变得更加繁荣，女性开始少生孩子，她们的人口老龄化并下降。根据空后women start having fewer children可知，此处与之构成了并列结构，随着这些社会变得更加繁荣，女性开始少生孩子，应用形容词比较级。故填more prosperous。
39．考查动词语态。句意：相比之下，尼日利亚的人口预计到2050年将翻一番，达到4亿。Nigeria’s population与expect是动宾关系，应用被动语态，句子陈述目前的情况，应用一般现在时。故填is expected。
40．考查宾语从句。句意：Tomorrow’s People是一部论证充分的著作，它提供了“我们全球繁殖习惯的简明编年史”，并“阐明了人口的兴衰如何影响历史”。此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，应用连接副词how“如何”引导。故填how。
41．looks
42．in
43．when
44．completely
45．were taken
46．countries
47．Its
48．and
49．to help
50．natural

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了联合国教科文组织对具有重要文化意义的地方所起到的保护作用。
41．考查时态。句意：它也照管地方。根据上下文句意可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数，主谓一致，填looks。
42．考查介词。句意：UNESCO——联合国教育、科学及文化组织——成立于1946年，其宗旨之一就是保护具有重要文化意义的地方。年份前面用介词in。故填in。
43．考查定语从句。句意：它的第一个主要任务是在20世纪50年代，当时它发起了一项保护两座古埃及神庙的运动。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为1950s，从句中不缺少主语或宾语，应用关系副词when引导从句，在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
44．考查副词。句意：随着巨大的阿斯旺神庙的建设，寺庙将被完全淹没。修饰动词过去分词flooded应用副词。故填completely。
45．考查时态和语态。句意：庙宇被拆成碎片，在干燥的土地上重建。根据下文动词过去式rebuilt可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，动词短语take…to pieces中动词和主语之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是复数名词，主谓一致，故填were taken。
46．考查名词复数。句意：50个国家向该项目捐款。数词Fifty后面应用名词复数。故填countries。
47．考查物主代词。句意：它的成功导致了其他项目，以保护意大利威尼斯，一座独特的水上城市，以及巴基斯坦的Moenjodaro，文明的摇篮之一。修饰名词success应用形容词性物主代词。故填Its。
48．考查连词。句意：它的成功导致了其他项目，以保护意大利威尼斯这座独特的水上城市，以及巴基斯坦的Moenjodaro，文明的摇篮之一。后文Moenjodaro, in Pakistan,和前文Venice, in Italy是并列关系，应用连词and连接，并列作宾语。故填and。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果一个遗址被列入《濒危世界遗产名录》，就意味着它将得到世界遗产基金的资助，以帮助保护它。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”。故填to help。
50．考查形容词。句意：然而，各国必须尽最大努力照顾他们的特殊地方，为未来保护世界上剩余的文化和自然遗产。修饰名词heritages应用形容词。故填natural。
51．stories
52．inventor
53．better
54．will have
55．at
56．and
57．to share
58．which##that
59．actually
60．us

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Ray Kurzweil作出的关于计算机的预测。
51．考查名词的数。句意：但它们会讲故事、有幽默感吗? tell a story/stories讲故事。故填stories。
52．考查名词。句意：Ray Kurzweil是一位作家、发明家、计算机科学家和未来学家。不定冠词an修饰单数名词，结合author和scientist及futurist可知，此处表示“发明家”。故填inventor。
53．考查比较级。句意：他认为，到2029年，计算机将比人类做得更好。根据介词than可知，用副词的比较级形式。故填better。
54．考查时态。句意：他说，不久的将来，我们的大脑中将会有小型计算机。根据时间状语Someday soon可知，此处需用一般将来时。故填will have。
55．考查介词。句意：Kurzweil擅长预测。be good at为固定短语，意为“擅长”。故填at。
56．考查连词。句意：文件将不仅仅包括文字，还将包括声音、音乐和其他声音。名词voice, music和other sounds之间为并列关系，所以用并列连词and。故填and。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们将使用无线网络来共享信息。use sth. to do使用某物做……，为固定用法，空处需填动词不定式。故填to share。
58．考查定语从句。句意：Kurzweil目前正在进行一个项目，该项目将改进计算机搜索的方式。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词project，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
59．考查副词。句意：他预言有一天电脑会真正理解我们的问题。修饰动词understand可知，需用副词作状语。故填actually。
60．考查代词。句意：他还认为科技将帮助我们活得更久。动词help后接人称代词的宾格形式。故填us。
61．has been explored
62．it
63．called
64．living
65．that##which
66．The
67．reached
68．to complete
69．photos
70．opening

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是世界上的大部分海洋仍然是个谜，新技术正在帮助科学家探索这些隐藏的世界。
61．考查时态和语态。句意：到目前为止，只有百分之五的地方被探索过。句子主语是Only 5 percent of it，单数第三人称，和谓语动词explore之间是被动关系，再根据so far“到目前为止”，可知句子用现在完成时态的被动语态，故填has been explored。
62．考查强调句。句意：然而，正是新技术帮助科学家探索这些隐秘的世界。去掉设空处以及is和that句子依然完整，故此处考查强调句：it is/was+强调部分+that（强调人可用who）+其他。故填it。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，科学家正在使用一种名为DeepSee的水下飞行器来探索海底山脉。句中已有谓语动词are using且无连词，故空处应填非谓语动词，逻辑主语vehicle和call之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填called。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：Las Gemelas周围生活着各种各样的物种。空处应填非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语species和live之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填living。
65．考查定语从句。句意：这些物种中的一些可能含有能够帮助人们对抗疾病的化学物质。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是chemicals，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which引导从句。故填that/which。
66．考查定冠词。句意：地球最深的地方是太平洋的马里亚纳海沟。根据最高级deepest可知，此处应填定冠词the。故填The。
67．考查时态。句意：2012年，电影制作人兼探险家詹姆斯·卡梅隆驾驶一辆名为Deepsee Challenger的车到达了马里亚纳海沟。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语in 2021判断为一般过去时。故填reached。
68．考查不定式。句意：他是第一个独自完成旅程的人。当名词被序数词修饰，或本身就是序数词时，通常用不定式作后置定语。故填to complete。
69．考查名词的数。句意：卡梅隆在海底拍摄了照片和视频。take photos“拍照”是固定短语。故填photos。
70．考查动名词。句意：正如卡梅伦所说，“这是开辟新领域的开始。”位于介词of后应填动名词作宾语。故填opening。
71．which
72．was recognized
73．for
74．or
75．Typically
76．competition
77．held
78．An
79．featuring
80．larger

【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了游戏竞技作为体育运动项目的发展历程。
71．考查定语从句连词。句意：传统意义上对运动的定义，通常指某项体育活动。它涉及运动能力及力量。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词为some physical activity，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。
72．考查谓语动词时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：例如，下棋于1999年被国际奥委会认定为一项运动。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语in 1999可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，主语与recognize之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动，且主语为单数概念，故填was recognized。
73．考查介词。句意：eSports这个词是电子竞技的简称。由句意可知，此处表示“是……的简称或缩写”，应使用固定短语be short for sth，故填for。
74．考查并列连词。句意：在此竞赛中，专业选手或游戏玩家会以团队或个人的形式玩电子游戏。由句意可知，此处表示“要么……要么……”，表示“以团队或个人形式参赛”，应使用固定短语，故填or。
75．考查形容词副词转换。句意：通常，那些赢得比赛的人会获得奖金。此处应使用副词修饰全句，故填Typically。
76．考查动词与名词词性转换。句意：通常，那些赢得比赛的人会获得奖金。结合语境可知，设空处在定冠词之后，应用名词，充当谓语动词win的宾语，且根据句意，此处的“竞赛”应指上文提到的电子竞赛，由it可知，是单数，故填competition。
77．考查非谓语动词。句意：第一节电子竞技赛事在上世纪70年代由斯坦福大学承办。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处应用非谓语形式，作the one的后置定语，the one代指上文提到的The first eSports event，hold与前面的the one之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填held。
78．考查冠词。句意：越多越多的国家，像韩国、中国以及美国，都开始将电子竞技作为产业大力发展。An increasing number of sth为固定搭配，意为“越来越多的……”，且increasing的发音以元音音素[ə]开头，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填An。
79．考查非谓语动词。句意：进入2000年以后，电视转播电子竞技比赛，像街霸、星际争霸和反恐精英，越来越受到欢迎。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处应用非谓语形式，作the games的后置定语，且提示词与被修饰名词之间为主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填featuring。
80．考查形容词比较级。句意：进入2010年之后，在线直播的兴起，极大推动了电子竞技的发展。这项运动有了更多世界级的比赛，更广泛的观众，以及更高额的奖金。句中几个并列的名词短语“more worldwide championships, more viewers, and ___10___ (large)prizes”表示电子竞技运动较以往取得了更好的发展前景，根据句意应使用形容词比较级，故填larger。
81．a
82．has received
83．environments
84．where
85．at
86．contributes
87．to protect
88．threatened
89．global
90．including

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项的新的研究，研究发现超过五分之一的爬行动物物种面临灭绝的威胁，这可能会对地球造成毁灭性的影响。
81．考查冠词。句意：一项新的研究警告说，超过五分之一的爬行动物物种面临灭绝的威胁，这可能会对地球造成毁灭性的影响。have an impact on意为“对……有影响”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用不定冠词。空格后destructive的开头发音为辅音音素，不定冠词应用a。故填a。
82．考查动词时态。句意：52名专家分析了《全球爬行动物评估》的数据，在过去的17年里，《全球爬行动物评估》接受了来自六大洲的900多名科学家的投稿。根据“in the past 17 years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。在定语从句中，关系代词which代指先行词the Global Reptile Assessment，所以从句中的主语为第三人称单数。故填has received。
83．考查名词复数。句意：尽管许多爬行动物生活在干燥的环境中，如沙漠和灌木丛，但大多数物种生活在森林中，在那里它们遭受着伐木和耕地转换等威胁。environment意为“环境”，此处为可数名词，根据空后“such as deserts and scrubland”可知，数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填environments。
84．考查定语从句。句意：尽管许多爬行动物生活在干燥的环境中，如沙漠和灌木丛，但大多数物种生活在森林中，在那里它们遭受着伐木和耕地转换等威胁。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为forests，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
85．考查介词。句意：狩猎也是爬行动物的主要威胁，尤其是海龟和鳄鱼，其中许多濒临灭绝。at risk of意为“处于……的风险”，为固定搭配。故填at。
86．考查动词时态。句意：造成威胁的另一个主要因素是入侵物种的引入。根据“is the introduction”可知，此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。在定语从句中，关系代词that代指先行词factor，所以定语从句中的主语为第三人称单数。故填contributes。
87．考查非谓语动词。句意：“我们惊奇地发现，如果你着手保护受到威胁的鸟类、哺乳动物和两栖动物共同生活的地方，你将同时保护更多受到威胁的爬行动物，”该研究的联合负责人布鲁斯·杨说。set out to do意为“着手做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to protect。
88．考查非谓语动词。句意：“我们惊奇地发现，如果你着手保护受到威胁的鸟类、哺乳动物和两栖动物共同生活的地方，你将同时保护更多受到威胁的爬行动物，”该研究的联合负责人布鲁斯·杨说。动词threaten意为“威胁”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语reptiles构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词，作定语。故填threatened。
89．考查形容词。句意：考克斯说，爬行动物也需要全球的直接努力来保护它们。修饰名词efforts，应用形容词global表示“全球的”，作定语。故填global。
90．考查非谓语动词。句意：今年晚些时候，各国政府将在中国昆明协商保护生物多样性（包括爬行动物）的新目标。动词include意为“包含”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语biodiversity之间构成主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填including。
91．discovery
92．finally
93．missions
94．which
95．determining
96．successful
97．on
98．the
99．to be
100．will head

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了印度、美国、苏联和中国在探索月球时取得的成就，并且中国将在2023年去月球南极采集样本。
91．考查名词。句意：2009年，印度的月船1号任务首次在月球上发现了水。序数词first后跟名词discovery作句子的主语。故填discovery。
92．考查副词。句意：该团队使用美国宇航局的月球矿物绘图仪最终发现了水。空处用副词finally修饰动词discover。 故填finally。
93．考查名词的数。句意：从那时起，水就像美国宇航局的月球勘测轨道器一样被绘制在轨道上。分析句子可知，空处填名词作介词in后的宾语，mission是可数名词，此处表泛指，所以填missions。故填missions。
94．考查定语从句。句意：中国的嫦娥五号月球着陆器使用其矿物学光谱仪，旨在寻找水。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 spectrometer，定语从句缺主语，先行词指物，所以从句用which引导。故填which。
95．考查非谓语动词。句意：它是通过测量月球上岩石的光谱反射率来做到这一点的。介词by后跟动名词作宾语，所以填determining。故填determining。
96．考查形容词。句意：然而，在嫦娥五号之前，我国已经成功完成了四项机器人登月任务。分析句子可知，空处用形容词successful，修饰名词 tasks作前置定语。故填successful。
97．考查介词。句意：着陆器在月球表面停留了不到48小时，然后返回绕月轨道。分析句子可知，空处填介词on构成介词短语作地点状语；on the surface意为“在表面上”。故填on。
98．考查定冠词。句意：中国是继美国和苏联之后第三个从月球带回样本的国家。根据空后的序数词third可知，空处填定冠词the。故填the。
99．考查非谓语动词。句意：该着陆器是嫦娥5号的备份，但它将前往月球南极采集样本。分析句子可知句中is meant是谓语动词，空处填非谓语动词。be meant to do sth.为固定搭配，意为 “应做，按道理应该……”，所以填to be。故填to be。
100．考查谓语动词的时态。句意：该着陆器是嫦娥5号的备份，但它将前往月球南极采集样本。分析句子可知，but后的分句中缺谓语动词，所以填谓语动词。根据上文“ China is working hard to launch the Chang’e 6 in 2023.(中国正努力在2023年发射嫦娥6号。)”可知时态用一般将来时，所以填will head。故填will head。
101．biologically
102．published
103．Looking
104．in
105．which
106．significant
107．to select
108．discoveries
109．has quickened
110．an

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国的一项新的研究发现：在遗传学方面，没有生物学关系的朋友仍然倾向于彼此相似，该研究证明“朋友是你选择的家庭”。
101．考查副词。句意：根据最近发表的一项美国研究，在遗传学方面，没有生物学关系的朋友仍然倾向于彼此相似，该研究证明“朋友是你选择的家庭”。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰谓语动词are not related，应用副词，作状语。故填biologically。
102．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据最近发表的一项美国研究，在遗传学方面，没有生物学关系的朋友仍然倾向于彼此相似，该研究证明“朋友是你选择的家庭”。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，提示词publish与被修饰词study之间为被动关系，结合句意可知，publish已经发生，所以使用过去分词。故填published。
103．考查非谓语动词。句意：“纵观整个基因组，我们发现，平均而言，我们在基因上与我们的朋友相似，”主要作者，加州大学圣地亚哥分校教授James Fowler说。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，look与逻辑主语we之间为主动关系，与谓语动词同时发生，所以使用现在分词，且该空位于句首，look首字母要大写。故填Looking。
104．考查介词。句意：与同一人群中的陌生人相比，我们与我们选择的朋友有更多的DNA共同点。固定短语have…in common意为“与……有共同之处”。故填in。
105．考查定语从句。句意：平均而言，朋友与第四个堂兄弟或拥有曾祖父母、曾祖父母的人一样“相关”，这相当于我们基因的百分之一。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，关系词指代前文整句话陈述的内容，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
106．考查形容词。句意：但对遗传学家来说，这是一个相当大的数字。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰名词number，应用形容词，作定语。故填significant。
107．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，我们很可能会选择与我们亲戚相似的人作为朋友。固定结构be likely to do sth. 意为“有可能做某事”，且与句子主语we为逻辑上的主动关系。故填to select。
108．考查名词复数。句意：研究中最有趣的发现之一是，朋友之间更相似的基因似乎比其他基因进化得更快。固定结构one of +名词复数，意为“……之一”。故填discoveries。
109．考查动词时态。句意：这可能有助于解释为什么人类进化在过去3万年中加速，这表明社会环境本身就是一种进化力量。分析句子结构可知，此处应填谓语动词形式，根据时间状语over the past 30, 000 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，且句子主语human evolution为单数名词，助动词使用has。故填has quickened。
110．考查冠词。句意：这可能有助于解释为什么人类进化在过去3万年中加速，这表明社会环境本身就是一种进化力量。名词force为可数名词，此处表示的是泛指概念，所以使用不定冠词，空后的形容词evolutionary是以元音音素开头的词，应用an。故填an。
111．which##that
112．reached
113．beauty
114．in
115．has
116．larger
117．Considered
118．is divided
119．extremely
120．and

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是苏州园林的相关信息。
111．考查连词。句意：它因其被列入世界遗产名录的古典花园而在世界各地庆祝。分析句子结构可知，此处填连词引导定语从句，修饰先行词gardens，且在定语从句中作主语，指代的是物。故填which/that。
112．考查谓语动词。句意：它们最早建于公元前 6 世纪，并在 16 世纪至 18 世纪期间达到顶峰。分析句子结构可知，此空为谓语动词形式，与were built并列，所以应该使用一般过去时态，且与主语之间为主动关系。故填reached。
113．考查名词。句意：花园显示了自然美在中国文化中的重要性。分析句子结构可知，空前为形容词作定语，修饰该空，所以此处填名词，beautiful的名词形式为beauty且为抽象名词，不可数。故填beauty。
114．考查介词。句意：如今，许多古典花园仍然处于良好状态，包括面积约52，000平方米的拙政园。固定短语in good condition意为“状态良好”。故填in。
115．考查谓语动词。句意：如今，许多古典花园仍然处于良好状态，包括面积约52，000平方米的拙政园。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词形式，which引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语，指代的是先行词the Humble Administrator’s Garden，所以谓语动词应为单数，结合句意以及主句中的谓语are使用的一般现在时态，可知，此处描述的是现在的客观事实，提示词与主语间为主动关系。故填has。
116．考查形容词。句意：苏州没有其他花园比它大。根据空后的than可知，此处应该填形容词的比较级作表语。故填larger。
117．考查非谓语动词。句意：花园被认为是“阳光下所有花园之母”，分为东部，中部，西部和住宅部分。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，consider与句子主语the garden之间为被动关系，且该动词已经发生，又位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Considered。
118．考查谓语动词。句意：花园被认为是“阳光下所有花园之母”，分为东部，中部，西部和住宅部分。分析句子结构可知，此处应该为谓语动词形式，根据时态一致原则，第二段中的句子使用的都是一般现在时态，所以此处也为一般现在时态，与句子主语the garden为被动关系，主语是单数。故填is divided。
119．考查副词。句意：苏州的园林非常优雅，也是感官盛宴，既是旅游景点，也是住宅。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词修饰形容词作状语。故填extremely。
120．考查连词。句意：苏州的园林非常优雅，也是感官盛宴，既是旅游景点，也是住宅。分析句子结构可知，both…and…连接两个并列名词短语。故填and。
121．ago
122．left
123．universally
124．Although##Though##While
125．with
126．documents
127．studying
128．passionate
129．is served
130．its

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了豆腐的起源和发展。
121．考查副词。句意：传说2000多年前，中国一位注重健康的太子刘安在制作长生不老药时发现了豆腐。根据所给句子分析可知，此句在陈述一个过去的传说，因此需要使用时间副词ago表示一般过去时，故填ago。
122．考查非谓语动词。句意：他意识到剩下的豆浆在一定条件下会凝固，并形成一种类似布丁的物质，这就是豆腐的起源。根据所给句子分析可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰soy milk，leave和soy milk是逻辑被动关系，因此需使用过去分词，故填left。
123．考查副词。句意：人们普遍认为，游历中国的佛教僧侣把豆腐带回了日本等邻国。根据所给句子分析可知 ，此处需使用副词作状语修饰动词believed，故填universally。
124．考查状语从句连词。句意：尽管东亚人吃豆腐的历史已经超过了1000年，但它花了很长时间才在全球流行起来。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用连词引导从句，与下句构成主从复合句，根据句意可知，此处表达让步关系表达“尽管、虽然……，但是……”，although/though/while引导让步状语从句，首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。
125．考查介词。句意：1770年，美国开国元勋之一的本杰明富兰克林在伦敦写了一封信，信中附上了一些黄豆，称赞它是“中国奶酪”。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要介词with与非谓语动词attached搭配，构成with some soy beans attached复合结构，表示“信中附带一些黄豆”，故填with。
126．考查名词。句意：这封信是西方记载的最早提到豆腐的文件之一。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用名词，被形容词earliest修饰，由句中one of可知，此处需要使用名词复数形式，故填documents。
127．考查非谓语动词。句意：他最终在蒙塔吉斯的农业学校学习，并热衷于在法国推广豆腐。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用非谓语动词作end up doing sth. (以做某事结束)的宾语，且与主语he是主动关系，因此需要使用动名词形式，故填studying。
128．考查形容词。句意：他最终在蒙塔吉斯的农业学校学习，并热衷于在法国推广豆腐。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用形容词做were的表语，构成be passionate about结构，表示“热衷于……”，故填passionate。
129．考查时态和语态。句意：现在，豆腐的供应（即烹饪）方式很现代。根据所给句子中的时间状语“nowadays (现如今)”可知，此句描述一般现在时的动作，主语tofu与谓语serve是被动关系，因此需要使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语tofu不可数名词，谓语单数形式。故填is served。
130．考查物主代词。句意：在很多高级餐厅，试吃菜单都是围绕它的纹理设计的。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词textures。故填its。
131．whose
132．drawn
133．the
134．have been
135．actually
136．was introduced
137．popularity
138．of
139．Europeans
140．to enjoy

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是莫斯科的一家外观与众不同的咖啡馆BW Kafe的相关情况。
131．考查定语从句。句意：BW Kafe去年首次登上国际头条，它的圣彼得堡分店的照片在网上很受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词BW Kafe和photos之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表示所属的关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。
132．考查非谓语动词。句意：由俄罗斯艺术家Anfisa Toshina设计，咖啡馆的内部看起来就像一张白纸上用木炭画的画。分析句子可知，句中谓语是looks，空处应用非谓语动词，动词draw与主语a picture构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填drawn。
133．考查定冠词。句意：这是一个相当不错的技巧，如果你在过去两年的某个时候上网，你可能会觉得奇怪地熟悉。one指代前面提到的trick，表示特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。
134．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是一个相当不错的技巧，如果你在过去两年的某个时候上网，你可能会觉得奇怪地熟悉。分析句子可知，空处应用谓语动词，根据时间状语in the last two years可知，空处应用现在完成时，主语you是第二人称，因此空格处是have been。故填have been。
135．考查副词。句意：这个填色本的想法其实并不新鲜。空格处用副词actually作状语，修饰“is nothing new”，故填actually。
136．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：这种设计最初是由延南洞239-20号咖啡馆的设计师引入韩国的，但后来被其他想要利用这种流行设计的企业家效仿。分析句子可知，空处应用谓语动词，由first可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，且introduce与主语It构成动宾关系，空处应为一般过去时的被动语态， 主语It为单数，因此空格处是was introduced。故填was introduced。
137．考查名词。句意：这种设计最初是由延南洞239-20号咖啡馆的设计师引入韩国的，但后来被其他想要利用这种流行设计的企业家效仿。根据定冠词the和介词of可知，空处应用名词形式popularity，且为抽象名词，故填popularity。
138．考查固定短语。句意：几年前，我们在日本看到了类似的咖啡馆，现在是俄罗斯，我相信世界各地还有更多，更不用说延南咖啡馆的官方分店了。a couple of为固定短语，意为“一对，几个”。故填of。
139．考查名词的复数。句意：对于那些不能去韩国咖啡馆的欧洲人来说，这是一个在2D世界中享受一杯咖啡的机会。European是可数名词，此处表示不止一个，因此空格处用复数，故填Europeans。
140．考查不定式。句意：对于那些不能去韩国咖啡馆的欧洲人来说，这是一个在2D世界中享受一杯咖啡的机会。a chance to do sth为固定短语，意为“做某事的机会”，故此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词chance，故填to enjoy。
141．known
142．between
143．curiosity
144．where
145．centuries
146．a
147．its
148．was absorbed
149．Rarely
150．visiting

【分析】这是一篇游记。描述了作者作为一名外国人，久慕长江的盛名，来中国进行巡航旅行的经历。
141．考查非谓语动词。句意：扬子江，在中国又被称为长江，是亚洲最长的河流，也是世界上最长的，完全在一个国家内流动的河流。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处应用非谓语形式，作前面名词词组The Yangtze River的后置定语，且与被修饰名词之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填known。
142．考查介词。句意：长江发源于青藏高原，最后流入东海，是中国南北方自然的分界线。根据句意可知，division between为固定搭配，意为“……（两者之间）的分界线”。故填between。
143．考查名词。句意：受到好奇心的驱使，我去年来到了中国，参加了一次长江巡航旅游。结合语境可知，设空处在定冠词之后，应用名词，充当介词by的宾语，故填curiosity。
144．考查定语从句连词。句意：我们经过了武汉。1966年，当时70多岁的毛主席在这里曾经横渡长江。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为Wuhan，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
145．考查名词单复数。句意：金碧辉煌的庙宇矗立在工业港口之上，而在岩石之上的高处，古老的棺材悬挂在洞穴中，几个世纪以来未被打扰。For centuries为固定搭配，意为“长达几个世纪”，强调时间之久，故该处应填写名词复数形式，故填centuries。
146．考查冠词。句意：我们也游览了三峡大坝。它是中国力量和荣耀的象征。此处为The Three Gorges Dam的同位语，用于补充说明三峡大坝是众多代表中国力量的象征之一，symbol为可数名词，首字母的发音为辅音音素。故为泛指，故填a。
147．考查代词。句意：除了巨大的水电发电量，它也极大提高了航运能力，惠及广大中国人民。根据句意可知，此处作定语修饰increasing shipping ability，应用形容词性物主代词，代指为“三峡大坝的……”，故填its。
148．考查谓语动词时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：作为一个外国人，我陶醉着迷于沿途真诚的热情欢迎和独特的文化。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。根据句意可知，此处描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，主语与提示词之间为被动关系，意为“沉浸于；陶醉于”，且主语为单数概念，故填was absorbed。
149．考查副词。句意：在此之前，我从未体验过如此具有历史趣味和多元文化的旅行。该空格处应填写副词，修饰全句，表动作发生的频率，故填Rarely。
150．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在我多么盼望能再次游览中国啊！look forward to doing sth为固定搭配，意为“盼望或期盼做某事”，该搭配中的to为介词。故填visiting。
151．attractions
152．becomes
153．hardly
154．of
155．it
156．to lower
157．be solved
158．possible
159．overcrowding
160．less

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了国庆节期间，各大旅游景点常常人满为患，如何处理这种情况呢？作者提出几项建议。
151．考查名词复数。句意：国庆节期间，中国的名胜古迹和旅游景点都很拥挤。tourist attraction意为“旅游景点，旅游名胜”，和前文famous landmarks为并列关系，应用复数。故填attractions。
152．考查动词时态。句意：例如，在北京，故宫经常挤满游客，因此人们很难享受。空格处作谓语成分，句子主语是Forbidden City，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式，再结合 often可知，应用一般现在时。故填becomes。
153．考查副词。句意：例如，在北京，故宫经常挤满游客，因此人们很难享受。分析句子可知，此空应填副词，修饰后面动词，再根据句意可知，应填hardly，作状语。故填hardly。
154．考查介词。句意：因此，一些游客可能会对这些地方产生不良印象。get a bad impression of表“对……得到一个不好的印象”，为固定搭配。故填of。
155．考查it作形式主语。句意：为了处理这种情况，对人们来说，可能最好的就是降低他们对完美旅行的期望。分析句子可知，“It+ be+ adj+for sb+to do sth”是固定句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。故填it。
156．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了处理这种情况，对人们来说，可能最好的就是降低他们对完美旅行的期望。“It+ be+ adj.+for sb+to do sth”是固定句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。故填to lower。
157．考查动词语态。句意：如果人们去不同的地方，这个问题就可以解决。空格处和can构成句子的谓语，problem和solve之间是动宾关系，要用被动形式，且can后要用动词原形。故填be solved。
158．考查形容词。句意：此外，我们有可能通过选择在一年的淡季参观著名的地方来避免这种过度拥挤。it’s possible that…是固定句型，意为“很可能”。故填possible。
159．考查名词。句意：此外，我们有可能通过选择在一年的淡季参观著名的地方来避免这种过度拥挤。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，且overcrowding表“过度拥挤”，为不可数名词。故填overcrowding。
160．考查比较级。句意：你也可以参观同样有趣但鲜为人知的地方。分析句子可知，less known places，表“一些更不出名的地方”，符合句意。故填less。
161．areas
162．a
163．making
164．their
165．easier
166．are built
167．direction
168．to grow
169．into##to
170．This

【导读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述印度东北部的梅加拉亚地区由树木的活根制成的桥梁被列入联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录。
161．考查名词。句意：该地区雨量充沛，是地球上最潮湿的地区之一。空格前“one of”表示后面需要填名词复数，以及最高级结构“the wettest”后面也需要接名词。故填areas。
162．考查冠词。句意：这就造成了大量的湖泊、河流和瀑布，使得修路变得困难。固定短语“a number of”表示“大量的”含义，修饰后面的名词。故填a。
163．考查非谓语动词。句意：这就造成了大量的湖泊、河流和瀑布，使得修路变得困难。本空格前是完整的句子，并且有谓语动词“creates”，因此括号提示词“make”应该使用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是“大量的湖泊、河流和瀑布使修路困难”这件事，形成主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。
164．考查代词。句意：然而，几百年来，当地的卡西人一直在尽最大努力在河流和小溪上种植根桥，使他们更容易在该地区走动。固定短语“try one’s best to do”表示“尽某人最大的努力做”，这里人称代词“they”应该使用物主代词形式。故填their。
165．考查形容词。句意：然而，几百年来，当地的卡西人一直在尽最大努力在河流和小溪上种植根桥，使他们更容易在该地区走动。空格后括号里提示词“easy”是形容词，空格前有“much”修饰形容词比较级。故填easier。
166．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：这些桥是通过延伸河上活树的根，缠绕在竹结构上，引导它们正确的方向而建造的。本句中主语是“The bridges”而且是复数，谓语动词“build”与主语构成被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，复数形式。故填are built。
167．考查名词。句意：这些桥是通过延伸河上活树的根，缠绕在竹结构上，引导它们正确的方向而建造的。空格前有形容词“right”后面应该使用名词，而括号内提示词是动词“direct”，因此需要把动词转换成名词形式。故填direction。
168．考查非谓语动词。句意：树根需要20年才能长成一座完整的桥。take...to do...是固定搭配，意为“花/用……去做……”。故填to grow。
169．考查介词。句意：印度政府建议将梅加拉亚邦的根桥列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。固定短语“add to或add into”表示“添加到……中”的意思，这里说明根桥被添加到世界遗产名录之中。故填to或into。
170．考查代词。句意：这意味着他们将被正式承认。本句中“means”是谓语动词，前面缺少主语，而且这里指代“梅加拉亚邦的根桥列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录这件事情”，需要指示代词，而且位于句首。故填This。
171．is located
172．as
173．when
174．characters
175．immediately
176．making
177．it
178．busiest
179．admiration
180．are coming

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一名导游——徐秀珍老人，通过和游客学习，能够用多国外语和外国游客交流，引起众多网友关注与热议。
171．考查动词时态。句意：徐秀珍的村庄位于一个受欢迎的旅游目的地。固定短语be located in“坐落于”，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语village是单数。故填is located。
172．考查介词。句意：自1998年以来，她一直在阳朔做导游和小贩，当时该地区因外国背包客和组织旅游而闻名。固定搭配work as“担任，以……身份工作”。故填as。
173．考查定语从句。句意：自1998年以来，她一直在阳朔做导游和小贩，当时该地区因外国背包客和组织旅游而闻名。此处引导定语从句，先行词是1998，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
174．考查名词复数。句意：徐说，她会根据发音将任何语言的单词转换成汉字，然后记住它们。Chinese character表示“汉字”，character是可数名词，此处表泛指，应用复数characters。故填characters。
175．考查副词。句意：她说，睡觉前和醒来后在脑海中重复这些单词，让她能流利地与外国人进行基本对话。修饰介词短语 after waking up 用副词，所以填immediately。故填immediately。
176．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了使她非常受欢迎之外，她的语言能力还使她与外国游客交流更容易。短语in addition to“除了……以外”，to为介词，后面跟动名词。故填making。
177．考查it作形式宾语。句意：除了使她非常受欢迎之外，她的语言能力还使她与外国游客交流更容易。分析句子可知，空处填代词作make的宾语。固定结构make it adj. for sb. to do sth.“使做某事对某人来说……”，空处填形式宾语it，真正的宾语是 to communicate with foreign tourists。故填it。
178．考查形容词最高级。句意：徐导游也成为阳朔最忙的导游之一。根据空前the可知，空处填形容词最高级busiest，修饰空后的名词tour guides。故填busiest。
179．考查名词。句意：她的名声每天都吸引着大批游客，尤其是外国游客，他们出于钦佩而前来与这位多语言导游见面。固定搭配out of +n.“出于……（情感）”，空处填名词admiration，作介词后的宾语。故填admiration。
180．考查动词时态。句意：“越来越多的外国游客来到阳朔，我希望在我的帮助下，他们在这里会有家的感觉，”她说。分析句子可知，在and并列的第一个分句中缺谓语，结合句意表示“正在到来”，应用现在进行时。故填are coming。
181．actually
182．be seen
183．whose
184．using
185．It
186．took
187．places
188．creative
189．to visit
190．a

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍世界上几处最著名的建筑类型的名胜古迹。
181．考查副词。句意：长城、泰姬陵、埃及金字塔和佩特拉实际上证明了建筑是一门古老的艺术和职业。分析句子可知，本空应用副词actually修饰动词prove。故填actually。
182．考查时态语态。句意：没有多少人知道，唯一能从月球上看到的建筑是中国长城，历代长城的总长度为2119618公里。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，且construction和see之间构成了逻辑上的被动关系，所以要用被动语态，且情态动词can 后应用动词原形。故填be seen。
183．考查定语从句。句意：没有多少人知道，唯一能从月球上看到的建筑是中国长城，历代长城的总长度为2119618公里。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词the Great Wall和total length之间存在所属关系，所以此处要用whose引导。故填whose。
184．考查非谓语动词。句意：泰姬陵是一座有史以来最美丽的建筑，它是用印度和亚洲各地的材料建造的。分析句子可知，介词by后应用动名词作宾语。故填using。
185．考查代词。句意：据信，有1000多头大象被用来运输建筑材料。It在本句中充当形式主语，而真正的主语是that引导的从句，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填It。
186．考查时态。句意：塑造泰姬陵需要22000名工人、画家、艺术家和石匠的努力。这里考查谓语动词，本句是在陈述过去发生的动作，所以要用一般过去时，且主语It和take为主动关系。故填took。
187．考查名词复数。句意：埃及是体验传统建筑的最佳地点之一。one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词表“最……之一”，为固定搭配。故填places。
188． 考查词性转换。句意：埃及的金字塔让我们对古代建筑师的创造力和古人的努力感到无比惊讶。此处是用由“how＋形容词＋主语＋谓语”构成的感叹句充当宾语从句，所以用形容词creative作表语。故填creative。
189．考查非谓语动词。句意：佩特拉是参观大型建筑的另一个地方。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，再根据句意可知，此处表示“要参观”，应用动词不定式充当后置定语。故填to visit。
190．考查冠词。句意：这座古城是阿拉伯 Nabateans王国的首都，也是一个贸易中心。这里的trade center意为“贸易中心”，在这里表泛指概念，且trade为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
191．who
192．whether##if
193．an
194．to remove
195．difficulty
196．angrily
197．himself
198．will be influenced
199．How
200．belongs

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个富人检验人们是否值得帮助的故事。他把石头放在路中央，石头下放了钱，好心的人想要搬走石头，免得危害他人，就能得到石头下面的钱。
191．考查定语从句。句意：从前，有一个富人，他想为镇上的人做些事。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为man，且关系代词在从句中作主语，在there be (lived)句型中，一般用who引导从句。故填who。
192．考查宾语从句引导。句意：但首先他想弄清楚他们是否值得他的帮助。根据句意和结构可知，此处引导宾语从句，应用if或whether引导，表示“是否”。故填whether/if。
193．考查冠词。句意：不久，一位老人牵着他的牛走了过来。根据句意可知，单数可数名词man是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定。所连接的单词old以元音音素开头，故填an。
194．考查动词不定式。句意：“谁把这块石头放在路中央的?”老人说，但他并没有试图移开石头。try to do sth“试图做某事”符合句意，动词不定式作宾语；try doing sth“尝试做某事”，不符合句意。故填to remove。
195．考查名词。句意：相反，尽管他在绕过石头时遇到了一些困难，但他还是过去了，继续前行。some后应用其名词difficulty作宾语；have difficulty in doing sth是固定句型，其中difficulty是不可数名词。故填difficulty。
196．考查副词。句意：他们都愤怒地抱怨石头，但没有试图把它移走。修饰动词应用副词。故填angrily。
197．考查反身代词。句意：他看到了石头，对自己说：“晚上会很黑。”动词短语saying to的动作对象是主语自身，应用其反身代词作宾语。故填himself。
198．考查时态和语态。句意：如果一些邻居在黑暗中晚些时候来，他们会受到石头的影响。根据条件状语从句中的一般现在时可知，主句应用一般将来时；动词influence和主语之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be influenced。
199．考查感叹副词。句意：最后他感到多么惊讶啊！感叹句中修饰形容词应用副词how。句首字母大写，故填How。
200．考查时态。句意：这是属于好心人的礼物。根据is可知，此处为一般现在时，定语从句中关系代词that指代先行词gift，是单数。主谓一致，故填belongs。