英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course精品课时作业

课时把关练

Part III  Using Language

基础知识练

Ⅰ. 单词拼写

1. They insisted on it that the m　　　　　　（发动机） should be repaired as soon as possible.

2. Her name has been mentioned as a favoured leadership c　　　　　　（候选人）.

3. The first e　　　　　　（片段） of the TV series occupies a peak evening viewing slot.

4. The company’s c　　　　　　（承诺） to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.

5. The people are the m　　　　　　（动机） force in the making of world history.

6. Lu Xun was l　　　　　　（忠实的） to the people，bending his back to the task until his dying day.

Ⅱ. 用所给短语的适当形式填空

1. In order to survive in the wild，we had to learn how to collect water and 　　　　　　.

2. There are many fireflies in the forest which 　　　　　　 flashes of light when they fly at night.

3. As far as I am concerned，you’d better finish your teaching tasks 　　　　　　 time.

4. The teacher tried to 　　　　　　 the disappointed boy when he failed to win the prize.

5. Can you lend me 10 dollars? I will 　　　　　　 the money to you on Friday.

6. In order to be more competitive，my friend decided to 　　　　　　 a computer class.

7. The account information 　　　　　　 two parts：network and local system.

8. We’ve 　　　　　　 you to visit the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

9. The match took nearly three hours and was interrupted 　　　　　　 by rain.

10. I hear from my friends that the course 　　　　　　 English beginners.

Ⅲ. 单句语法填空

1. I have arranged for Tom 　　　　　　（pick）up the experts at the airport.

2. 　　　　　　 she could move out of the room，she heard a loud noise.

3. Thanks to your hard work，we can finish the task ahead 　　　　　　 schedule.

4. He was a good man who was 　　　　　　（commit）to his family as well as to his work.

5. Without passion，people won’t have the 　　　　　　 （motive）or the joy necessary for creative thinking.

6. Though some of the questions seem unfamiliar to me，they are easy 　　　　　　（answer）.

7. Alone in a strange city，without friends and money，he fell 　　　　　　 despair.

8. It is very pleasant for him to travel and to explore 　　　　　　  is new.

Ⅳ. 微写作

根据下面提示，写一篇有关沙克尔顿的短文。要求80词左右。

1. 沙克尔顿于1874年2月15日出生在爱尔兰。（be born）

2. 沙克尔顿在伦敦长大，10岁时他的家人搬到了那里。（where引导的定语从句）

3. 1901年参加了一次南极探险，但由于生病，他很早就被送回了家。（join an expedition，due to）

4. 他致力于探索南极，领导了跨南极远征。（devoted to作状语）

5. 沙克尔顿最终救出了他的船员，他们都活了下来。（“代词+ of +关系代词”引导的定语从句）

6. 1922年1月5日，在另一次南极探险时，沙克尔顿在船上因心脏病发作而去世。（while doing）

7. 沙克尔顿被认为是世界上最著名的探险家之一。（be regarded as）

句型：非限制性定语从句

能力提升练

V. 课文语法填空

　　When we watched Shackleton and the boat sail away 1. 　　　　 Elephant Island，we  felt low and

2. 　　　　 （discourage）. But it was not for long. A good dinner and some music made us 3. 　　　　（cheer） again. Life fell into a regular pattern. We had to find food and 4. 　　　　（drink） water and also had to deal with the changing temperatures. 5. 　　　　 twenty-two of us lived like this in the cold for four months. We were 6. 　　　　（luck） that our group worked hard to show an admirable mental attitude and dealt with our ever-present fears 7. 　　　　 a positive and successful way. When we were 8. 　　　　（final） rescued，we  felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. It was our 9. 　　　　（optimistic）and faith in Shackleton that had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his commitment 10. 　　　　

（save） us from a slow but painful death.

VI.阅读理解

A

　　Even as self-driving cars become more and  more popular，there’s one problem that Silicon  Valley hasn’t solved：the traffic jam. But Airbus  Group，an aeronautics and space company，thinks that it has a solution. The company’s Silicon Valley branch recently announced it’s been working on a secret project titled“Vahana”，an  autonomous flying vehicle that can be used for both passenger and cargo（货物）transport.

　　Airbus’ flying taxi resembles a drone in design，and would use multiple propellers（螺旋 桨） to travel medium-length distances. Developers  in France and Germany are working on an electrically operated platform that would allow the flying taxi to carry multiple passengers once between city destinations. Currently，no countries allow completely autonomous aerial vehicles，so the vehicle would initially be manned by a pilot.

　　Flight tests of the first Vahana prototype（原型） are planned，in the hope of bringing the product to consumers quickly. That’s about a decade sooner than another future-travel system Hyperloop One.

　　“I’m no big fan of Star Wars，but it’s not crazy to imagine that one day our big cities will have flying cars making their way along roads in the sky，”says the CEO of Airbus Group，Tom  Enders.“In the not-too-distant future，we’ll use our  smartphones to book a fully automated flying taxi that will land outside our front door—without any pilot.”

　　But before you get too excited about beating  rush-hour traffic，it’s worth noting that the company  has a lot of technological kinks to work out before the product is ready to test. The same sensor technology that allows self-driving cars to avoid accidents doesn’t exist for aerial vehicles. Airbus Group isn’t the only company trying to get in the autonomous air transportation game. There are a number of cargo drone companies on the market and the EHang 184，a Chinese passenger drone，began flight testing in June.

1. Why does the present flying taxi have to be manned?

A. It makes urban planning hard.  B. It makes future traffic busy.

C. It’s not legally permitted.  D. It may cause accidents.

2. What is Tom Enders’s attitude towards the project?

A. Doubtful. B. Positive.  C. Disapproving.  D. Uncaring.

3. What does the underlined word“kinks”in Paragraph 5 mean?

A. Barriers.  B. Strategies.  C. Solutions.   D. Means.

4. What’s the best title of the text?

A. A Solution to Worldwide Traffic Jams   B. Airbus Group Joins the Air Transportation Game

C. Airbus Group Will Make Flying Taxis a Reality D. A Bright Future of Flying Vehicles

B

　   Christy and Ted Wilson set aside time every Sunday evening to go over their shared to-do list. Most of the items are tasks like scheduling doctor appointments and organizing play dates for their three young children.

　　In every relationship，there’s a question of  who is pulling their weight around the house. Now that a majority of married-couple families have two working parents，the old“rough day at the office”excuse doesn’t really cut it.

　　Women still handle more of the household activities，but men increasingly are spending time on food preparation and clean-up. To keep things fair or at least to avoid fights，couples are turning to technology. They are using project management apps designed for the workplace to divide up and track household to-dos and reserving a portion of their date nights to compare chores. In some cases，they are even turning it into a game，setting rewards for getting things done.

　　The imbalance doesn’t always follow gender lines（性别界线）. There was a time when Mr. Wilson was in more of a“Mr. Mom”role：He  was attending business school，while Mrs. Wilson  was clocking long hours as a lawyer. So Mr. Wilson had more flexibility to take on more of the child-care and household management work. The couple’s roles changed after Mr. Wilson graduated and started an e-commerce company.“We have had a lot of switching back and forth of who was in the driver’s seat in terms of household management so one person wasn’t too put upon，”she said. They began using calendars to keep the family schedules straight and sharing a to-do list in the Notes app on their  phones. Each can take on chores the other dislikes.

5. What does the underlined part“pulling their weight around the house”probably mean?

A. Taking on the household chores.    B. Sharing the burden of buying a house.

C. Running around the house to lose weight.  D. Making excuses for not doing any housework.

6. Why does the couple turn to project management apps?

A. To stop their arguments over dates.   B. To play phone games with each other.

C. To distribute and follow household to-dos. D. To reward themselves for doing the housework.

7. What can we infer from the Wilsons’ example?

A. Digital apps can only handle household arguments.

B. Couples need to switch their roles each day.

C. Gender plays a key role in management.

D. Understanding can help settle conflicts.

8. What would be the best title for the text?

A. Ways to finish housework  B. Advantages of the Notes app

C. A family to-do list goes digital  D. Working parents face difficulties

VII.阅读理解七选五

How to Cope When Life Does Things We Can’t Control

　　 Stuff happens in life. 　1　 We neither see the difficulties coming，nor have control to stop them. The result，of course，is more anxiety and stress than we know. Here are some approaches that  can help us move through what life throws us.

　　·Throw our inner victim a life jacket. When life becomes messy，it often feels easier to just throw up our hands and assume we can’t do anything. 　2　 Being a victim often allows us to pretend we are fine and choose to feel sorry for ourselves. While we can’t change what has happened，none of us are powerless. Consider finding a stress support group or calling a hotline. We all have the power to choose our next step in life.

　　　3　 When we are under stress，the natural  tendency is to“talk things through”with our friends and loved ones. 　4　 Writing things down on paper can be an amazing way to make the facts clear and keep them straight. The process of moving thought to hand makes it harder for us to lie to ourselves. The more we get to the truth of our situation，the more we can source ways to deal with it. We might also benefit from writing down our ideas for managing our situation.

　　Switch up our perspective. 　5　 It rarely is. Instead，it’s a perspective. Imagine life is a statue，and that a circle of people surround the statue，and how many more angles are there to see things from than the one you are standing at? Sometimes a new perspective can put us into a better mindset.

A. Be honest on paper.

B. It does work，but not always.

C. This is a form of victim mode.

D. And often，difficult stuff happens.

E. Therefore，life may throw us a curve ball.

F. Get support from our friends and loved ones.

G. Many of us believe what we think is the whole truth.

课时把关练

Part III  Using Language

参考答案

Ⅰ. 1. motor　2. candidate　 3. episode　 4. commitment　 5. motive　 6. loyal　

Ⅱ. 1. make fire 2. give off 3. ahead of 4. cheer up  5. pay back 6. sign up for 7. consists of 

8. arranged for   9. at times 10. is suitable for

Ⅲ. 1. to pick 句意：我已安排汤姆去机场接专家们。arrange for sb. to do sth.安排某人做某事。

2. Before　句意：她还没来得及出房间，就听见一声巨响。before表示“还没来得及；在……之前”。

3. of　句意：多亏你的努力，我们可以提前完成任务。ahead of schedule提前。

4. committed　句意：他是一个好人，对他的家庭和工作都尽心尽力。所填的词作表语，所以用形容词形式。

5. motivation　句意：没有激情，人们就不会有创造性思维所必需的动力和快乐。所填的词作宾语，所以用名词形式。

6. to answer 句意：虽然有些问题对我来说似乎不熟悉，但它们很容易回答。此处是“be+形容词+to do”结构。

7. into　句意：独自在一个陌生的城市，没有朋友和金钱，他陷入了绝望。fall into despair陷入绝望。

8. whatever/what 句意：对他来说，旅行和探索（任何）新的事物是非常愉快的。所填词引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语，所以用whatever/what。

Ⅳ. One possible version：

  Ernest Shackleton was born on February 15，1874 in Ireland and he was raised in London，where his family moved when Shackleton was 10. He joined an expedition to the Antarctic in 1901，but was sent home early due to his illness. Devoted to exploring the Antarctic，he led the Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Shackleton eventually rescued his crew，all of whom survived. On January 5，1922，Shackleton suffered a heart attack on his ship and died while setting out on another Antarctic expedition. Shackleton was regarded as one of the most famous explorers in the world.

V. 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了沙克尔顿乘船去求救，队员们等待救援的过程。

1. from　此处表示乘船驶离象岛，所以填from。

2. discouraged　此处描述留在象岛上的队员们的心理感受，所以用discouraged。

3. cheerful　此处表示“使我们高兴起来”，所以填cheerful。

4. drinking　此处表示“饮用水”，所以填drinking。

5. The　特指剩下的22人，所以填the。

6. lucky　所填的词作表语，所以用形容词形式。

7. in　in a...way用……的方式。

8. finally　所填的词作状语，所以用副词形式。

9. optimism　所填的词和下文的faith并列，所以用名词形式。

10. to save 所填的词作定语修饰commitment，所以用动词不定式。

VI. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。无人驾驶汽车越来越受欢迎，但有一个问题没有解决：交通堵塞。为解决这一问题，空中客车集团（Airbus Group）正在研究可以同时用于客运和货运的自动飞行器。

1. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Currently，no countries allow completely autonomous aerial vehicles，so the vehicle would initially be manned by a pilot.”可知，目前没有一个国家允许完全自动的空中交通工具。

2. B　推理判断题。根据第四段“‘...but it’s not crazy to imagine  that one day our big cities will have flying cars making their way along roads in the sky，’...‘In the not-too-distant future...land outside our front door—without any pilot.’”可知，Tom Enders 对于自动飞行器的看法是积极的。

3. A　词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“The same sensor technology that allows self-driving cars to avoid accidents doesn’t exist for aerial vehicles.”可知，能和自动驾驶汽车一样避免事故的传感技术在空中交通工具上并不存在，还有很多技术问题需要解决。所以kinks在文中意为“问题”。

4. C　标题判断题。本文主要讲述了空中客车集团正在研究可以同时用于客运和货运的自动飞行器。

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述家庭分工走向数字化，职场父母使用一些应用程序来分配和追踪家庭待办事项。

5. A　词句猜测题。根据第三段首句可知，女性仍然承担更多的家务活，但男性越来越多地花时间准备食物和打扫卫生。由此推知，画线部分所在句意为“在每段关系中，都有一个谁该承担家务活的问题”。

6. C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“They are using project management apps designed for the workplace to divide up and track household to-dos and reserving a portion of their date nights to compare chores.”可知，这对夫妇使用项目管理程序是为了分配和跟踪家庭待办事项。

7. D　推理判断题。根据第四段中“The couple’s roles changed...‘...so one person wasn’t too put upon，’...”可知， Wilson夫妇根据彼此的工作需要灵活转换在家庭管理中充当的角色，通过互相理解来经营家庭。我们可以从他们的例子中推知：理解有助于解决冲突。

8. C　标题判断题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“To keep things fair or at least to avoid fights，couples are turning to technology.”可知，文章主要讲述家庭分工走向数字化，职场父母使用一些应用程序来分配和追踪家庭待办事项。

VII. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。我们的生活中经常会发生我们无法控制的事情，那这个时候我们该如何应对呢？文章就此给我们提出了几条建议。

1. D　根据上下文可知，生活中总会发生一些我们无法预测的事情。由此可知，D项“并且困难的事情经常会发生”符合题意，D项中stuff是关键词，difficult stuff对应下文中的difficulties。

2. C　根据上下文可知，此处在介绍一种受害者模式的表现。由此可知，C项“这是受害者模式的一种形式”符合题意，其中victim是关键词，与下一句对应。故选C。

3. A　根据下文可知，本段主要讲述要写下自己的真实情况。由此可知，A项“在书面上诚实”可以概括本段主旨。

4. B　上文提到当我们处于压力之下时，我们自然会与我们的朋友和爱人“谈论事情”，下文提到把事情写在纸上是一种让事实清晰明了的神奇方式。与我们的朋友和爱人“谈论事情”确实有效，但并不总是有效，所以我们才选择把事情写在纸上。由此可知，B项“它确实有效，但并不总是有效”承上启下，符合题意。

5. G　根据下文可知，我们应该改变我们的视角。由此可知，G项“我们中的许多人相信我们思考的是全部的事实”与下文之间形成转折关系，符合题意。