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2021-2022学年山东省日照市国开中学高二（下）第一次月考英语试卷（含答案解析）
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这是一份2021-2022学年山东省日照市国开中学高二（下）第一次月考英语试卷（含答案解析），共17页。
2021-2022学年山东省日照市国开中学高二（下）第一次月考英语试卷
A
There are hundreds of non-profits welcoming students under the age of 18 as volunteers. In these activities, students can develop important life skills, cultural awareness and a lifelong passion for service.
Union Station Homeless Services
Whether you volunteer in our kitchens to prepare meals or in our offices to help with administrative projects, you will be a valuable member of our family. We do our best to match volunteers with a position that suits their interests and skills.
Minimum Age: 12
Call: 626-240-4550
Northeast Animal Shelter
The Northeast Animal Shelter, established in 1976, is one of New England's largest non-profit shelters where the pets can be taken good care of. We have placed thousands of dogs and cats since we opened our doors. As soon as a dog or cat arrives, our staff begin searching for the perfect host for them. While waiting for a warm home, the dogs and cats receive the best of care.
Minimum Age: 16
Call: 745-988-8305
Needham Community Farm
The mission of Needham Community Farm is to deepen our community's connection to nature and the food system by providing farm-based education, increasing access to healthy produce and encouraging environmental protection.
Minimum Age: 13
Call: 781-449-5300
Arlington Public Library
Serving more than 1.5 million people a year, Arlington Public Library holds more than 600, 000 items, from books, eBooks, and DVDs, to digital photo collections and provides funded kits for parents and teachers. We only accept the volunteers with community service experience.
Minimum Age: 14
Call: 817-459-6900
1. Which non-profit cares for people in need？
A. Arlington Public Library. B. Northeast Animal Shelter.
C. Needham Community Farm. D. Union Station Homeless Services.
2. What will volunteers do for animals in Northeast Animal Shelter?
A. Cook healthy meals. B. Build perfect homes.
C. Find adoptive families. D. Search for their owners.
3. What is the requirement for volunteers in Arlington Public Library?
A. They are skillful at sorting out items.
B. They ought to be at least 12 years old.
C. They have experience in community service.
D. They should be capable of taking digital photos.
B
As a teenager in the 1990s, Melissa Blake was interested in fashion. Unfortunately, fashion wasn't much interested in her. Blake, who has a genetic bone and muscle disorder and stands a little under 4 feet tall, couldn't find jeans or dresses in her size. Paging through magazines, she didn't see a single person like her. "That would have been a game changer for me," says Blake, who had 26 surgeries before age 17 to treat her Freeman-Sheldon syndrome.
So far, Blake, 39, has spent her adult life trying to make up for that. She is a disability-rights activist as well as a freelance (自由职业) writer whose work has appeared in The New York Times and Glamour, but she gained a national following in 2019 after clapping back at people who made ugly comments about her online.
Blake posted a new selfie (自拍) every day. "Some selfies were serious, like the ones where I talked about disabilities or how I was feeling on not-so-good days. Some were fun and silly, but each was a celebration, and each carried a message. However, some people said that I should be banned from posting photos of myself because I'm too ugly. I feel like every time I post a selfie or share something about my life as a disabled woman, it is representation to fight that," Blake told WBUR.
Her fans went wild, calling Blake a goddess and a powerful woman. Among her fans is Mindy Scheier, the founder and CEO of Runway of Dreams, which displays fashion for people with disabilities. Last fall, Scheier asked Blake to be one of the event's 24 models.
"It was a little scary," Blake says of modeling. But she's glad she took the challenge. "When disabled people are included, it sends a message that we should get a seat at the table in all aspects of life."
4. Why did fashion show little interest in Blake?
A. She failed to follow the fashion.
B. She experienced many surgeries.
C. Her jeans and dresses were not appropriate.
D. Her image was greatly affected by her disability.
5. What made Blake popular with her fans nationwide?
A. Her busy life despite her disability.
B. Her admirable job as a freelance writer.
C. Her brave fight against unkind comments.
D. Her good reputation as a disability-rights activist.
6. What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Posting a selfie every day.
B. Talking about her disability.
C. Sharing her negative feelings.
D. Banning her from posting selfies.
7. What can we learn from Blake's story?
A. Courage breaks down barriers.
B. It is rewarding to try new things.
C. The simplest way is the best way.
D. Experience is the mother of wisdom.
C
The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting from 1 July.Many citizens are still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash.Thankfully,authorities have released an official guideline to explain the new rules.
The guideline,published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau,provides a rather clear definition of the four kinds of waste：recyclable waste,harmful waste,household food waste and residual（剩余的） waste.
Harmful waste,as the name suggests,includes various poisonous materials like used batteries,light bulbs,out-of-date medicines,paint and pesticides.
Household food waste — which is translated to "wet trash" in Chinese — refers to food leftovers,rotten food,pet food,fruit peels,remains of TCM herbs（中药） and flowers.
Paper,plastic,glass,metal and textiles（纺织品） are counted as recyclable waste.
The definition of residual waste is a little confusing.Anything that is not listed above belongs to this category.
As specific as the new guideline is,residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all.For instance,both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials.However,the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste.To save the hassle,some netizens have come up with their own way to sort trash.
"We should do this from a pig's angle," commented one netizen. "Those edible（可食用的） for pigs are household food waste.Those even pigs don't want to eat are residual waste.If a pig consumes something and dies of it,then something must be harmful waste.Those that can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste."
The new regulation came into effect on 1 July.Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB 200.
8. What do the old coats that you want to throw away belong to？ ______
A. Harmful waste. B. Wet trash.
C. Recyclable waste. D. Residual waste.
9. What does "wet trash" have in common？ ______
A. It can be broken down easily. B. It comes from plants.
C. It has bad smells. D. It has poisonous materials.
10. What is the tone of the netizen like？ ______
A. Serious. B. Humorous. C. Delightful. D. Uncertain.
11. What does the passage mainly talk about？ ______
A. The four sorts of garbage are forbidden in Shanghai.
B. Shanghai garbage sorting enforcement begins.
C. People are still confused about garbage sorting.
D. The netizens in Shanghai support the garbage sorting policy.
D
Farms are battlefields,forcing growers to fight against greedy pests and aggressive weeds in never- ending,costly campaigns that often involve chemical weapons.Those weapons also harm innocent bystanders such as bees and fish.Now,a study chart's impressive shifts in recent decades are that
U.
S.farmers have changed their types of pesticides（杀虫剂；农药）.Birds and mammals have been affected less,whereas pollinators（传粉者） are suffering.The toxic （有毒的） impact on land plants has also increased sharply,likely because farmers are using increasing kinds of chemicals to fight weeds that have become resistant to common herbicides（除草剂） .
As a research shows,in recent decades,the amount of pesticides used in the United States has gone down by about 40% .But active ingredients have become more powerful.For example,fast- acting pesticides are very toxic.Some require as little as 6 grams per hectare,compared with several kilograms of the older pesticides.Ralf Schulz,an ecotoxicologist,wondered whether overall toxicity in the ecosystem had changed.A few studies had looked at certain compounds（化合物） and organisms,but nothing had been done on a national scale.
Schulz and colleagues started withU.S.Geological Survey data on self- reported pesticide use byU.s.farmers from 1992 to 2016.They also gathered toxicity data from theU.S.Environmental Protection Agency on those same compounds-381 in all,The good news is that total toxicity decreased more than 95%，for birds and mammals from 1992 to 2016，largely because of the phaseout （逐步停止） of older pesticides.Toxicity for fish declined by less- about one-third.
Schulz hopes more researches will help policymakers and others think more about the complexity of pest and weed control,and wild species,in order to reduce unintentional harm.The rising toxicity in plants could lead to less diverse habitat and food resources that eventually spread to animal populations,potentially causing losses. "The patterns in the
U.S.pesticide use and toxicity data should be a warning for the rest of the world,much of which seems to be leaning more heavily on pesticide use rather than ecological interactions for pest control," Schulz said.
12. What doU.S.farmers usually do to fight against pests and weeds？ ______
A. They change land plants.
B. They use chemical weapons.
C. They harm innocent bystanders.
D. They increase kinds of pollinators.
13. How did Schulz and his coworkers carry out their study？ ______
A. By giving examples. B. By analyzing data.
C. By doing experiments. D. By interviewing farmers.
14. Which of the following best describes Schulz's attitude to pesticide use？ ______
A. Subjective. B. Doubtful. C. Negative. D. Favorable.
15. What will happen if toxicity in plants continues to increase？ ______
A. Unintentional harm will be reduced.
B. People will have less food resources.
C. Ecological interactions will increase.
D. The number of animals will decrease.
It's easy to stick to eating the same foods every day,especially if you love them. (1)
Eating the same foods can lead to nutritional shortage.Our bodies need a wide range of nutrients,and eating a wide variety of foods can help us meet our body's needs. (2) Almost everyone would agree that "eat the rainbow" is a good rule of thumb.Don't forget frozen vegetables are just as healthy as fresh and they don't spoil as quickly.
Your immune（免疫） system will get hurt if you keep eating the same foods.According to a study published in the British Journal of Nutrition,the enhanced nutrition from a varied diet seems to boost immunity. (3) People whose diets have little variation are more likely to get sick due to a weakened immune system.
Sticking to eating the same foods leads to food boredom. (4) It should be something you look forward to.Changing up what you eat exposes you to great new foods and new recipes,and helps bring back the fun in eating.
(5) We see a lot of people focus on a single nutrient or food because it attracts media fame.And while all foods are to be celebrated for their unique nutritional quality,assigning yourself to a limited list of foods because they are the most well-known or well described will box you in and close you off from various other vital nutrients.
A.Food should be fun!
B.This helps people resist infections.
C.But it may not be the best thing for your health.
D.You should eat a plant-based diet and eat less meat.
E.Eating the same foods restricts your nutritional sources.
F.Though tasty,they can't provide the nutrition you need.
G.Eat the colors of the rainbow when it comes to fruit and vegetables.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
A school in Sarajevo is making headlines.The (21) began in September last year.Mirzana Coralic requested the primary school in her neighborhood to (22) her six-year-old son,Zejd,who has a (23) disability.The teacher,Sanela Ljumanovic,accepted almost (24)，but on the first day of school,she noticed Zejd sitting all by himself,unable to (25) with anyone.
Sanela,determined to find a（n） (26)，tried developing a few tricks and signs.But a parent of another child (27) a better idea- getting the whole class to (28) sign language along with Zejd.They got a sign language teacher,and three months later,Zejd was happily able to communicate with all his classmates about (29) things like homework and games.
The other kids in the class are quite happy as well. "I (30) to learn Zejd's language so I can talk to him and other deaf people," said one of his classmates.Now,sign language is getting quite (31) at the primary school,with kids from other classes (32) to learn as well.It is hoped that it can be (33) as a part of the official course.
"Sign language is great because it (34) communication and also helps children become more (35) to people with disabilities," said Sanela.
21. A. report B. message C. article D. story
22. A. admit B. adopt C. invite D. defend
23. A. learning B. speech C. hearing D. sight
24. A. conditionally B. passively C. personally D. immediately
25. A. cooperate B. interact C. compete D. stay
26. A. solution B. explanation C. theory D. alternative
27. A. selected B. imagined C. presented D. favored
28. A. enjoy B. create C. design D. learn
29. A. regular B. formal C. complex D. professional
30. A. afford B. like C. prepare D. wait
31. A. popular B. confusing C. challenging D. practical
32. A. failing B. hesitating C. trying D. helping
33. A. described B. known C. defined D. included
34. A. enables B. shows C. stresses D. represents
35. A. polite B. sensitive C. adaptable D. thankful
36. Diwali,known as the festival of lights,is a Hindu （印度的） festival (1) （hold） in honour of Lakshmi,the goddess of wealth.It has long been a cultural holiday,during which people get together,have parties,give gifts to each other and generally pray for (2) better-off future.For some communities,the day after Diwali (3) （mark） the beginning of the new year.
Its dates change each year because they are based on the Hindu lunar calendar,but (4) （typical），the festival is celebrated in October or November.The (5) （celebrate） usually lasts for several days.People will often line candles and lamps throughout their houses and along their driveways (6) （light） up the surroundings.
For Hindus,Diwali is a time (7) charitable giving and selfless service.They are required to reflect on (8) they are grateful for and how they can shine light on others as well.Hindus traditionally perform a deep cleaning of their homes and surroundings,as cleanliness (9) （believe） to be a prayer for the presence of wealth and well-being.Hindus also celebrate with colorful patterns of flowers,powder,rice or sand on the floor, (10) is meant to bring good luck.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 假定你是新华国际学校的学生李华，你校拟组织学生本周末去博物馆参观"中国百年成就"展，请你用英语写一则通知，要点如下：
1.活动目的：
2活动安排（时间、交通方式等）；
3.参加人员。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.参考词汇：中国百年成就China's 100-year Achievements；
3.请按如下格式作答。
___________
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I have already forgotten the name of that old lady.Yet I still remember the matter as if it happened yesterday.It is she who teaches me a lesson in forgiveness.
It happened when I was twelve years old.That summer holiday,I planned to earn some pocket money by delivering the newspaper in our neighborhood.And she was a customer on my paper route.She was a kind lady and every time I gave her the paper,she would give me some cookies.
On a mindless Saturday afternoon,a friend and I were throwing rocks onto the roof of the old lady's house from a quiet spot in her backyard.The purpose of our play was to observe how the rocks changed to missiles （导弹） as they rolled to the roof's edge and shot out into the yard like comets （彗星） falling from the sky.
I found myself a perfectly smooth rock and sent it for a ride.The stone was too smooth,however,so it slipped from my hand as I let it go.Seeing it headed straight for a small window on the old lady's back porch （门廊），we stood there,numb with fear.The sound of broken glass awoke us from the fear and the next second,we ran away from the old lady's yard faster than any of our missiles flowing off her roof.
After coming back home,I was so scared of getting caught that I dared not go out that whole afternoon.I stayed at home,glancing at my front yard nervously from time to time,feeling that lady would knock at our door at any time.But until I went to bed,what I was afraid didn't happen.Lying in bed,I wondered whether she didn't discover the broken window or she didn't discover who had done it？That was a sleepless night.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next morning,I delivered the paper to her as usual.
___________
After three weeks,I earned seven dollars and put them in an envelope.
______________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、C、C
【解析】【文章大意】文章介绍了四个适合18岁以下学生参与的非盈利性组织。
1. 根据Union Station Homeless Services的组织名称“联合车站无家可归者服务”可知，该项目是一个给无家可归者提供帮助的公益项目。故选D。
2. 根据Northeast Animal Shelter部分的As soon as a dog or cat arrives, our staff begin searching for the perfect host for them.（一旦有猫狗到来，我们的工作人员就开始为它们寻找完美的主人。）可知，东北动物收容所的志愿者可以为宠物们寻找收养家庭。故选C。
3. 根据Arlington Public Library部分的We only accept the volunteers with community service experience.（我们只接受有社区服务经验的志愿者）可知，阿灵顿公共图书馆要求志愿者有社区工作经验。故选C。
4~7.【答案】D、C、D、A
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇故事类记叙文。Melissa Blake对时尚界感兴趣，但时尚界对她不太感兴趣，因为她的残疾极大地影响了她的形象。后来她成了一名残疾人权利活动家，也是一名自由撰稿人，她的作品曾出现在《纽约时报》和《Glamour》上，但在2019年，她回击了在网上对她发表丑陋评论的人，赢得了全国的关注。Blake的故事中告诉我们“勇气可以打破障碍”。
1. 根据第一段中Unfortunately, fashion wasn't much interested in her. Blake, who has a genetic bone and muscle disorder and stands a little under 4 feet tall, couldn't find jeans or dresses in her size.（不幸的是，时尚界对她不太感兴趣。布莱克身高不足4英尺，患有遗传性骨骼和肌肉疾病，她找不到适合自己尺寸的牛仔裤或裙子）可知，时尚界对布莱克不感兴趣，是因为她的残疾极大地影响了她的形象。故选D。
2. 根据第二段中She is a disability-rights activist as well as a freelance (自由职业) writer whose work has appeared in The New York Times and Glamour, but she gained a national following in 2019 after clapping back at people who made ugly comments about her online.（她是一名残疾人权利活动家，也是一名自由撰稿人，她的作品曾出现在《纽约时报》和《Glamour》上，但在2019年，她回击了在网上对她发表丑陋评论的人，赢得了全国的关注）可知，勇敢地与不友善的评论作斗争让布莱克受到全国粉丝的欢迎。故选C。
3. 根据第三段中However, some people said that I should be banned from posting photos of myself because I'm too ugly.（然而，有些人说我应该被禁止发布自己的照片，因为我太丑了）再结合I feel like every time I post a selfie or share something about my life as a disabled woman, it is representation to fight that（我觉得每次我发布一张自拍照或分享一些关于我作为残疾女性生活的东西，都是在代表我与之斗争）可知，这里的that指的就是前文提到的有些人禁止她发布自拍这件事情。故选D。
4. 根据最后一段中But she's glad she took the challenge. "When disabled people are included, it sends a message that we should get a seat at the table in all aspects of life."（但她很高兴自己接受了挑战。“当残疾人被纳入其中时，就发出了一个信息，那就是我们应该在生活的各个方面都有一席之地。”）可知，从布莱克的故事中我们了解到“勇气可以打破障碍”。故选A。
8~11.【答案】C、A、B、B
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据文章第五段的"Paper,plastic,glass,metal and textiles（纺织品） are counted as recyclable waste.（纸，塑料，玻璃，铁制品和纺织品都属于可回收垃圾。）"可知，纺织品属于可回收垃圾，扔掉的旧外套属于纺织品，故它是可回收垃圾。C.Recyclable waste.（可回收垃圾）符合以上推测，故选C。
（2）A.推理判断题。根据文章第四段的"Household food waste — which is translated to "wet trash" in Chinese — refers to food leftovers,rotten food,pet food,fruit peels,remains of TCM herbs（中药） and flowers.（家庭食物垃圾，中文也叫湿垃圾，是指食物剩余，腐烂的食品，宠物食品，水果皮，中药残余和花等。）"可推测，湿垃圾有一个共同特征----容易降解。A．It can be broken down easily.（它很容易被降解）符合以上推测，故选A。
（3）B.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的"We should do this from a pig's angle," commented one netizen. "Those edible for pigs are household food waste.Those even pigs don't want to eat are residual waste.If a pig consumes something and dies of it,then something must be harmful waste.Those that can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste.（一位网友说，我们可以从猪的角度来做这件事，猪可以食用的是家庭食物垃圾；那些猪都不吃的是残余物；如果一头猪吃了什么东西死了，那些东西一定是有害垃圾；那些可以出售的和我们获得的钱可以用来购买猪是可回收垃圾。）"可以看出该网友很幽默。结合选项A．Serious严肃的；B．Humorous幽默的；C．Delightful令人愉快的；D．Uncertain不确定的。故选B。
（4）B.主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，其主旨一般在首段或末段。根据本文的主要内容，尤其是第一段的"The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting from 1 July.（新的垃圾分类规定已定于7月1日在上海生效。）"和"Thankfully,authorities have released an official guideline to explain the new rules.（值得庆幸的是，当局已经发布了一份官方指南来澄清这些新规定。）"可知，本文主要讲述上海执行新的垃圾分类标准。B．Shanghai garbage sorting enforcement begins.（上海垃圾分类执法开始）可以概括本文主旨，故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海执行新的垃圾分类规定，并对垃圾分类给出了官方解释。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
12~15.【答案】B、B、C、D
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据原文第一段Now,a study chart's impressive shifts in recent decades as U.S.farmers have changed their types of pesticides.（最近几十年，随着美国农民改变了杀虫剂的种类，一份研究图表显示了令人印象深刻的变化。）可知美国农民使用化学农药。B.They use chemical weapons.（他们使用化学武器）正确。故选B.
（2）B.推理判断题。根据原文第三段Schulz and colleagues started with U.S.Geological Survey data on self- reported pesticide use by U.S.farmers from 1992 to 2016.They also gathered toxicity data from the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency on those same compounds-381 in all,The good news is that total toxicity decreased more than 95%，for birds and mammals from 1992 to 2016，largely because of the phaseout（逐步停止）of older pesticides.（舒尔茨及其同事从1992年至2016年美国地质调查局（U.S.Geological Survey）有关美国农民自报农药使用情况的数据开始研究。他们还从美国环境保护署收集了381种相同化合物的毒性数据。好消息是，从1992年到2016年，鸟类和哺乳动物的总毒性下降了95%以上，这很大程度上是因为旧农药的逐步淘汰。）可知他和团队是通过分析历年数据展开调查。B.By analyzing data.（通过分析数据）正确。故选B.
（3）C.观点态度题。根据原文最后一段"The patterns in the U.S.pesticide use and toxicity data should be a warning for the rest of the world,much of which seems to be leaning more heavily on pesticide use rather than ecological interactions for pest control," Schulz said.（舒尔茨说："美国农药使用的模式和毒性数据应该为世界其他地区敲响警钟，这些地区在害虫控制方面似乎更多地依赖农药的使用，而不是生态相互作用。"）可知他对使用农药这一行为持消极不支持的态度。A.Subjective.主观的；B.Doubtful.怀疑的；C.Negative.消极的；D.Favorable.有利的。故选C.
（4）D.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段The rising toxicity in plants could lead to less diverse habitat and food resources that eventually spread to animal populations,potentially causing losses.（植物毒性的上升可能导致栖息地和食物资源的多样性减少，最终扩散到动物种群，可能造成损失。）可知植物的毒性最终会影响到动物。D.The number of animals will decrease.（动物的数量将会减少）正确。故选D.
本文属于说明文。主要告诉大家节约用水的必要性，怎么样节约用水。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
16~20.【答案】C、G、B、A、E
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。上文"It's easy to stick to eating the same foods every day,especially if you love them."（坚持每天吃同样的食物很容易，特别是如果你喜欢它们。）说你很容易只吃同一种食物，下文"Eating the same foods can lead to nutritional shortage."（吃同样的食物会导致营养不足。）说一直吃同样的食物的坏处，空处起着承上启下的作用。选项C.But it may not be the best thing for your health.（但这可能不是对您的健康最好的事情）符合语境。故选C。
（2）G.推理判断题。下文"Almost everyone would agree that "eat the rainbow" is a good rule of thumb."（几乎每个人都会同意"吃彩虹"是一个很好的经验法则）说明吃多姿多彩的食物是一个法则，即建议我们要吃各种各样的不同颜色的食物，选项G.Eat the colors of the rainbow when it comes to fruit and vegetables.（说到水果和蔬菜，请吃彩虹那样多姿多彩的颜色）符合语境，rainbow是关键词。故选G。
（3）B.推理判断题。上文"According to a study published in the British Journal of Nutrition,the enhanced nutrition from a varied diet seems to boost immunity."（根据发表在《英国营养学杂志》上的一项研究，通过多样化的饮食来增强营养似乎可以提高免疫力。）说明来自不同种类食物的营养，能增强我们的免疫力，即它能帮助我们抵抗感染，选项B.This helps people resist infections.（这有助于人们抵抗感染）符合语境。故选B。
（4）A.推理判断题。下文"Changing up what you eat exposes you to great new foods and new recipes,and helps bring back the fun in eating."（改变你吃的东西会让你接触到很棒的新食物和新食谱，并有助于恢复饮食的乐趣。）说明食物或饮食应该是有趣的，选项A.Food should be fun!（食物应该很有趣！）符合语境。故选A。
（5）E.标题归纳题。下文"We see a lot of people focus on a single nutrient or food because it attracts media fame.And while all foods are to be celebrated for their unique nutritional quality,assigning yourself to a limited list of foods because they are the most well-known or well described will box you in and close you off from various other vital nutrients."（我们看到很多人只关注一种营养素或食物，因为它吸引了媒体的关注。虽然所有食物都因其独特的营养品质而备受赞誉，但因为它们是最知名或最有名的食物而将自己食物清单列表变得有限，会让你陷入困境，让你远离各种其他重要的营养物质。）说明单一饮食会限制你的营养来源，选项E.Eating the same foods restricts your nutritional sources.（吃同样的食物会限制你的营养来源。）符合语境。故选E。
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了吃单一食物的坏处和吃各种各样食物的好处。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】D、A、C、D、B、A、C、D、A、B、A、C、D、D、C
【解析】（1）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.report报告；B.message信息；C.article文章；D.story故事。句意：故事始于去年9月。由文章第一句"A school in Sarajevo is making headlines."可知，本文讲述了Sarajevo一家学校的故事。故选D。
（2）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.admit接收；B.adopt采纳；C.invite邀请；D.defend保卫。句意：Mirzana Coralic请求她所在社区的小学接收她六岁有听力障碍的儿子Zejd。因为Zejd有听力障碍，所以Mirzana Coralic请求她所在社区的小学接收她的儿子。故选A。
（3）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.learning学习；B.speech发言；C.hearing听力；D.sight视力。句意：Mirzana Coralic请求她所在社区的小学接收她六岁有听力障碍的儿子Zejd。根据后文"I （10）to learn Zejd's language so I can talk to him and other deaf people,"可知，Zejd有听力障碍。故选C。
（4）D.考查副词及语境理解。A.conditionally有条件地；B.passively被动地；C.personally个人地；D.immediately立刻地。句意：这位名叫Sanela Ljumanovic的老师几乎马上就接受了他的申请，但在开学的第一天，她注意到Zejd一个人坐着，无法与任何人交流。由后文"on the first day of school"可知，Zejd很快就被学校接受了。故选D。
（5）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.cooperate合作；B.interact交流，互动；C.compete竞争，比赛；D.stay停留。句意：这位名叫Sanela Ljumanovic的老师几乎马上就接受了他的申请，但在开学的第一天，她注意到Zejd一个人坐着，无法与任何人交流。根据后文"They got a sign language teacher,and three months later,Zejd was happily able to communicate with..."可知，Zejd无法和别人交流。故选B。
（6）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.solution解决办法；B.explanation解释；C.theory理论；D.alternative可供选择的事情。句意：Sanela决心找到一个解决办法，他尝试了-些技巧和手势。根据前文描述可知，因为Sanela发现Zejd不能和别人交流，Sanela决心找一个解决办法。故选A。
（7）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.selected选择；B.imagined想象；C.presented提出；D.favored支持。句意：但是另一个孩子的父母有一个更好的主意一让整个班级和Zejd一起学习手语。由空后"a better idea"可知，另一个孩子家长提出一个更好的主意帮助Zejd。故选C。
（8）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.enjoy喜欢；B.create创造；C.design设计；D.learn学习。句意：但是另一个孩子的父母有一个更好的主意一让整个班级和Zejd一起学习手语。根据后文"They got a sign language teacher,and three months later,Zejd was happily able to communicate with all his classmates"可知，家长提议让全班人一起学手语。故选D。
（9）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.regular平常的，常规的；B.formal正式的；C.complex复杂的；D.professional职业的。句意：他们请了一位手语老师，三个月后，Zejd就可以愉快地和他的同学交流日常琐事，比如家庭作业和游戏。由后文"like homework and games."可知，家庭作业和游戏是日常很常规的事情。故选A。
（10）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.afford承担得起；B.like喜欢；C.prepare准备；D.wait等待。句意："我喜欢学习Zejd的语言，这样我就可以和他和其他聋人交谈，"他的一个同学说。根据前文"The other kids in the class are quite happy as well."可知，孩子们对学习手语很开心，所以一个孩子表示喜欢学习Zejd的手语。故选B。
（11）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.popular受欢迎的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.challenging有挑战的；D.practical实际的。句意：现在，手语在小学里越来越受欢迎，其他班级的孩子也在学习手语。由后文"with kids from other classes...to learn as well."可知，因为其他班的孩子也学习手语，由此可知，手语在小学里越来越受欢迎。故选A。
（12）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.failing失败；B.hesitating犹豫；C.trying尝试；D.helping帮助。句意：现在，手语在小学里越来越受欢迎，其他班级的孩子也在学习手语。因为手语在小学受欢迎，所以越来越多人开始尝试学习手语。故选C。
（13）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.described描述；B.known知道；C.defined下定义；D.include包括。句意：人们希望它能作为正式课程的一部分。由前文描述可知，因为手语在小学越来越受欢迎，所以人们喜欢能把手语作为正式课程的一部分。故选D。
（14）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.enables使能够；B.shows展示；C.stresses强调；D.represents相当于。句意：Sanela说："手语很棒，因为意味着沟通，也帮助孩子们更适应残疾人。"由常识可知，手语意味着沟通。故选D。
（15）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.polite礼貌的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.adaptable可适应的；D.thankful感谢的。句意：Sanela说："手语很棒，因为意味着沟通，也帮助孩子们更适应残疾人。" 根据常识可知，学会手语能帮助孩子们更好地适应残疾人。故选C。
文章介绍了Sarajevo学校一个班级的学生为了更好地与聋哑学生Zejd沟通，全部学会了手语的故事。
完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。它题材广泛，体裁多样。文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强，具有鲜明的时代感，包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等。
36.【答案】【小题1】held
【小题2】a
【小题3】marks
【小题4】typically
【小题5】celebration
【小题6】to light
【小题7】for
【小题8】what
【小题9】is believed
【小题10】which
【解析】（1）held.考查过去分词。句意：排灯节，又称灯节，是印度教为纪念财富女神拉克希米而举行的节日。分析句子结构可知，空格处用非谓语形式，festival和hold之间是被动关系，空格处用过去分词held表被动，故填held。
（2）a.考查冠词。句意：它长期以来一直是一个文化节日，在这期间，人们聚在一起，举行聚会，互赠礼物，通常祈祷未来更好。better-off future表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，better-off是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a,故填a。
（3）marks.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：对一些社区来说，排灯节的第二天标志着新年的开始。空格处是谓语，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语the day是单数，因此空格处是第三人称单数marks,故填marks。
（4）typically.考查副词。句意：它的日期每年都会改变，因为它们是基于印度教的阴历，但通常在10月或11月庆祝这个节日。空格处用副词typically作状语，typically意为"通常"，故填typically。
（5）celebration.考查名词。句意：庆祝活动通常持续几天。空格处用名词作主语，celebrate的名词是celebration,由后面的lasts可知，空格处用单数，故填celebration。
（6）to light.考查不定式。句意：人们经常会在他们的房子和车道上放上蜡烛和灯来照亮周围的环境。根据语境可知，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to light。
（7）for.考查介词。句意：对印度教徒来说，排灯节是一个慈善捐赠和无私服务的日子。a time for意为"做某事的时间"，根据语境可知，句子表示"排灯节是一个慈善捐赠和无私服务的日子"，因此空格处用介词for,故填for。
（8）what.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：他们被要求反思他们所感激的，以及他们如何能照亮他人。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，因此空格处用引导词what,故填what。
（9）is believed.考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：印度教徒传统上对他们的家和周围环境进行深度清洁，因为清洁被认为是祈求财富和幸福的象征。根据语境可知，句子表示"清洁被认为是祈求财富和幸福的象征"，句子用被动语态，通篇时态是一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，即is/are done,主语cleanliness是不可数名词，因此空格处是is believed,故填is believed。
（10）which.考查定语从句的引导词。句意：印度教徒还会在地板上摆放彩色图案的花、粉、米或沙子来庆祝，这意味着会带来好运。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代前面整个主句，因此空格处用关系代词which,故填which。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是印度的排灯节。
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析。要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。
37.【答案】NoticeFellow students,
In order to enable the students to learn about the great achievements acquired in the last one hundred years,our school plans to organize students to visit the exhibition of "China's 100-year Achievements" in the museum this weekend.【高分句型一】（活动目的）
We will meet at the school gate at eight in the morning and we will go there by bus.All the students must take part in the activity.Take your pens and notebooks with you.We should listen and watch carefully and write down something interesting when you visit the exhibition.【高分句型二】Please don't make any noises in the museum and don't take any pictures.You'll have to hand in a report about the visit next Monday.（活动安排以及参加人员）
Students' Union
【解析】高分句型一
In order to enable the students to learn about the great achievements acquired in the last one hundred years,our school plans to organize students to visit the exhibition of "China's 100-year Achievements" in the museum this weekend.
翻译：为了让学生们了解过去一百年中取得的巨大成就，我们学校计划于本周末组织学生参观博物馆的"中国百年成就"展览。
分析：句子里，过去分词短语acquired in the last one hundred years作定语。
高分句型二
We should listen and watch carefully and write down something interesting when you visit the exhibition.
翻译：当你参观展览时，我们应该仔细听和看，并写下一些有趣的东西。
分析：句子里，when引导时间状语从句you visit the exhibition。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。
38.【答案】Paragraph 1：
The next morning,I delivered the paper to her as usual.On the way to her home,so nervous was I that I could feel my heart pounding in my chest.But to my surprise,I saw the broken glass had been repaired and she didn't mention it.When I handed her the paper,she still greeted me and gave me some cookies as usual.【高分句型一】Holding these cookies in my hand,a feeling of guilt swept over me and I determined that I would save my paper delivery money to make up for the broken window.【高分句型二】（作者到了这位老太太家里发现被自己打坏的玻璃已被修补以及老太太对他的态度）
Paragraph 2：
After three weeks,I earned seven dollars and put them in an envelope.I secretly put it through the letter box in her door.After doing this,I suddenly felt in relief.The next day,I handed the old lady her paper and thanked her for the bag of cookies.When I opened the bag,I was stunned.Inside were the seven dollars and a short note that said, "I'm proud of you." She knew it was me.But instead of blaming and punishing me,she chose to forgive me.Even so many years later,she is still deeply engraved in my mind,who taught me a valuable lesson in my life.（作者赚钱后对于打破玻璃的补偿以及老太太对他的回复）
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了对作者影响深远的一个老太太的回忆。那年暑假，作者送报纸赚零花钱。老太太是顾客之一。她是一位善良的女士，对作者很友好。然而作者和一个朋友在老太太家后院玩扔石头游戏时，却不小心打破了老太太家的玻璃，没有事后的"找上门算账"，老太太对作者的态度一直很友好。愧疚之下，作者暗下决心要赔偿，却在给出赔偿之后发现，原来自己早已被原谅。即使多年以后，作者仍然认为这是人生中宝贵的一课。
高分句型一：When I handed her the paper,she still greeted me and gave me some cookies as usual.
译文：当我把报纸递给她时，她仍然像往常一样向我打招呼，给我一些饼干。
分析：这句话使用when引导时间状语从句。
高分句型二：Holding these cookies in my hand,a feeling of guilt swept over me and I determined that I would save my paper delivery money to make up for the broken window.
译文：手里拿着这些饼干，一种内疚感席卷了我，我决定省下送纸的钱来弥补那扇破碎的窗户。
分析：这句话使用现在分词短语Holding these cookies in my hand作状语，that引导宾语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2021-2022学年山东省日照市国开中学高二（下）第一次月考英语试卷
A
There are hundreds of non-profits welcoming students under the age of 18 as volunteers. In these activities, students can develop important life skills, cultural awareness and a lifelong passion for service.
Union Station Homeless Services
Whether you volunteer in our kitchens to prepare meals or in our offices to help with administrative projects, you will be a valuable member of our family. We do our best to match volunteers with a position that suits their interests and skills.
Minimum Age: 12
Call: 626-240-4550
Northeast Animal Shelter
The Northeast Animal Shelter, established in 1976, is one of New England's largest non-profit shelters where the pets can be taken good care of. We have placed thousands of dogs and cats since we opened our doors. As soon as a dog or cat arrives, our staff begin searching for the perfect host for them. While waiting for a warm home, the dogs and cats receive the best of care.
Minimum Age: 16
Call: 745-988-8305
Needham Community Farm
The mission of Needham Community Farm is to deepen our community's connection to nature and the food system by providing farm-based education, increasing access to healthy produce and encouraging environmental protection.
Minimum Age: 13
Call: 781-449-5300
Arlington Public Library
Serving more than 1.5 million people a year, Arlington Public Library holds more than 600, 000 items, from books, eBooks, and DVDs, to digital photo collections and provides funded kits for parents and teachers. We only accept the volunteers with community service experience.
Minimum Age: 14
Call: 817-459-6900
1. Which non-profit cares for people in need？
A. Arlington Public Library. B. Northeast Animal Shelter.
C. Needham Community Farm. D. Union Station Homeless Services.
2. What will volunteers do for animals in Northeast Animal Shelter?
A. Cook healthy meals. B. Build perfect homes.
C. Find adoptive families. D. Search for their owners.
3. What is the requirement for volunteers in Arlington Public Library?
A. They are skillful at sorting out items.
B. They ought to be at least 12 years old.
C. They have experience in community service.
D. They should be capable of taking digital photos.
B
As a teenager in the 1990s, Melissa Blake was interested in fashion. Unfortunately, fashion wasn't much interested in her. Blake, who has a genetic bone and muscle disorder and stands a little under 4 feet tall, couldn't find jeans or dresses in her size. Paging through magazines, she didn't see a single person like her. "That would have been a game changer for me," says Blake, who had 26 surgeries before age 17 to treat her Freeman-Sheldon syndrome.
So far, Blake, 39, has spent her adult life trying to make up for that. She is a disability-rights activist as well as a freelance (自由职业) writer whose work has appeared in The New York Times and Glamour, but she gained a national following in 2019 after clapping back at people who made ugly comments about her online.
Blake posted a new selfie (自拍) every day. "Some selfies were serious, like the ones where I talked about disabilities or how I was feeling on not-so-good days. Some were fun and silly, but each was a celebration, and each carried a message. However, some people said that I should be banned from posting photos of myself because I'm too ugly. I feel like every time I post a selfie or share something about my life as a disabled woman, it is representation to fight that," Blake told WBUR.
Her fans went wild, calling Blake a goddess and a powerful woman. Among her fans is Mindy Scheier, the founder and CEO of Runway of Dreams, which displays fashion for people with disabilities. Last fall, Scheier asked Blake to be one of the event's 24 models.
"It was a little scary," Blake says of modeling. But she's glad she took the challenge. "When disabled people are included, it sends a message that we should get a seat at the table in all aspects of life."
4. Why did fashion show little interest in Blake?
A. She failed to follow the fashion.
B. She experienced many surgeries.
C. Her jeans and dresses were not appropriate.
D. Her image was greatly affected by her disability.
5. What made Blake popular with her fans nationwide?
A. Her busy life despite her disability.
B. Her admirable job as a freelance writer.
C. Her brave fight against unkind comments.
D. Her good reputation as a disability-rights activist.
6. What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Posting a selfie every day.
B. Talking about her disability.
C. Sharing her negative feelings.
D. Banning her from posting selfies.
7. What can we learn from Blake's story?
A. Courage breaks down barriers.
B. It is rewarding to try new things.
C. The simplest way is the best way.
D. Experience is the mother of wisdom.
C
The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting from 1 July.Many citizens are still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash.Thankfully,authorities have released an official guideline to explain the new rules.
The guideline,published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau,provides a rather clear definition of the four kinds of waste：recyclable waste,harmful waste,household food waste and residual（剩余的） waste.
Harmful waste,as the name suggests,includes various poisonous materials like used batteries,light bulbs,out-of-date medicines,paint and pesticides.
Household food waste — which is translated to "wet trash" in Chinese — refers to food leftovers,rotten food,pet food,fruit peels,remains of TCM herbs（中药） and flowers.
Paper,plastic,glass,metal and textiles（纺织品） are counted as recyclable waste.
The definition of residual waste is a little confusing.Anything that is not listed above belongs to this category.
As specific as the new guideline is,residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all.For instance,both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials.However,the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste.To save the hassle,some netizens have come up with their own way to sort trash.
"We should do this from a pig's angle," commented one netizen. "Those edible（可食用的） for pigs are household food waste.Those even pigs don't want to eat are residual waste.If a pig consumes something and dies of it,then something must be harmful waste.Those that can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste."
The new regulation came into effect on 1 July.Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB 200.
8. What do the old coats that you want to throw away belong to？ ______
A. Harmful waste. B. Wet trash.
C. Recyclable waste. D. Residual waste.
9. What does "wet trash" have in common？ ______
A. It can be broken down easily. B. It comes from plants.
C. It has bad smells. D. It has poisonous materials.
10. What is the tone of the netizen like？ ______
A. Serious. B. Humorous. C. Delightful. D. Uncertain.
11. What does the passage mainly talk about？ ______
A. The four sorts of garbage are forbidden in Shanghai.
B. Shanghai garbage sorting enforcement begins.
C. People are still confused about garbage sorting.
D. The netizens in Shanghai support the garbage sorting policy.
D
Farms are battlefields,forcing growers to fight against greedy pests and aggressive weeds in never- ending,costly campaigns that often involve chemical weapons.Those weapons also harm innocent bystanders such as bees and fish.Now,a study chart's impressive shifts in recent decades are that
U.
S.farmers have changed their types of pesticides（杀虫剂；农药）.Birds and mammals have been affected less,whereas pollinators（传粉者） are suffering.The toxic （有毒的） impact on land plants has also increased sharply,likely because farmers are using increasing kinds of chemicals to fight weeds that have become resistant to common herbicides（除草剂） .
As a research shows,in recent decades,the amount of pesticides used in the United States has gone down by about 40% .But active ingredients have become more powerful.For example,fast- acting pesticides are very toxic.Some require as little as 6 grams per hectare,compared with several kilograms of the older pesticides.Ralf Schulz,an ecotoxicologist,wondered whether overall toxicity in the ecosystem had changed.A few studies had looked at certain compounds（化合物） and organisms,but nothing had been done on a national scale.
Schulz and colleagues started withU.S.Geological Survey data on self- reported pesticide use byU.s.farmers from 1992 to 2016.They also gathered toxicity data from theU.S.Environmental Protection Agency on those same compounds-381 in all,The good news is that total toxicity decreased more than 95%，for birds and mammals from 1992 to 2016，largely because of the phaseout （逐步停止） of older pesticides.Toxicity for fish declined by less- about one-third.
Schulz hopes more researches will help policymakers and others think more about the complexity of pest and weed control,and wild species,in order to reduce unintentional harm.The rising toxicity in plants could lead to less diverse habitat and food resources that eventually spread to animal populations,potentially causing losses. "The patterns in the
U.S.pesticide use and toxicity data should be a warning for the rest of the world,much of which seems to be leaning more heavily on pesticide use rather than ecological interactions for pest control," Schulz said.
12. What doU.S.farmers usually do to fight against pests and weeds？ ______
A. They change land plants.
B. They use chemical weapons.
C. They harm innocent bystanders.
D. They increase kinds of pollinators.
13. How did Schulz and his coworkers carry out their study？ ______
A. By giving examples. B. By analyzing data.
C. By doing experiments. D. By interviewing farmers.
14. Which of the following best describes Schulz's attitude to pesticide use？ ______
A. Subjective. B. Doubtful. C. Negative. D. Favorable.
15. What will happen if toxicity in plants continues to increase？ ______
A. Unintentional harm will be reduced.
B. People will have less food resources.
C. Ecological interactions will increase.
D. The number of animals will decrease.
It's easy to stick to eating the same foods every day,especially if you love them. (1)
Eating the same foods can lead to nutritional shortage.Our bodies need a wide range of nutrients,and eating a wide variety of foods can help us meet our body's needs. (2) Almost everyone would agree that "eat the rainbow" is a good rule of thumb.Don't forget frozen vegetables are just as healthy as fresh and they don't spoil as quickly.
Your immune（免疫） system will get hurt if you keep eating the same foods.According to a study published in the British Journal of Nutrition,the enhanced nutrition from a varied diet seems to boost immunity. (3) People whose diets have little variation are more likely to get sick due to a weakened immune system.
Sticking to eating the same foods leads to food boredom. (4) It should be something you look forward to.Changing up what you eat exposes you to great new foods and new recipes,and helps bring back the fun in eating.
(5) We see a lot of people focus on a single nutrient or food because it attracts media fame.And while all foods are to be celebrated for their unique nutritional quality,assigning yourself to a limited list of foods because they are the most well-known or well described will box you in and close you off from various other vital nutrients.
A.Food should be fun!
B.This helps people resist infections.
C.But it may not be the best thing for your health.
D.You should eat a plant-based diet and eat less meat.
E.Eating the same foods restricts your nutritional sources.
F.Though tasty,they can't provide the nutrition you need.
G.Eat the colors of the rainbow when it comes to fruit and vegetables.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
A school in Sarajevo is making headlines.The (21) began in September last year.Mirzana Coralic requested the primary school in her neighborhood to (22) her six-year-old son,Zejd,who has a (23) disability.The teacher,Sanela Ljumanovic,accepted almost (24)，but on the first day of school,she noticed Zejd sitting all by himself,unable to (25) with anyone.
Sanela,determined to find a（n） (26)，tried developing a few tricks and signs.But a parent of another child (27) a better idea- getting the whole class to (28) sign language along with Zejd.They got a sign language teacher,and three months later,Zejd was happily able to communicate with all his classmates about (29) things like homework and games.
The other kids in the class are quite happy as well. "I (30) to learn Zejd's language so I can talk to him and other deaf people," said one of his classmates.Now,sign language is getting quite (31) at the primary school,with kids from other classes (32) to learn as well.It is hoped that it can be (33) as a part of the official course.
"Sign language is great because it (34) communication and also helps children become more (35) to people with disabilities," said Sanela.
21. A. report B. message C. article D. story
22. A. admit B. adopt C. invite D. defend
23. A. learning B. speech C. hearing D. sight
24. A. conditionally B. passively C. personally D. immediately
25. A. cooperate B. interact C. compete D. stay
26. A. solution B. explanation C. theory D. alternative
27. A. selected B. imagined C. presented D. favored
28. A. enjoy B. create C. design D. learn
29. A. regular B. formal C. complex D. professional
30. A. afford B. like C. prepare D. wait
31. A. popular B. confusing C. challenging D. practical
32. A. failing B. hesitating C. trying D. helping
33. A. described B. known C. defined D. included
34. A. enables B. shows C. stresses D. represents
35. A. polite B. sensitive C. adaptable D. thankful
36. Diwali,known as the festival of lights,is a Hindu （印度的） festival (1) （hold） in honour of Lakshmi,the goddess of wealth.It has long been a cultural holiday,during which people get together,have parties,give gifts to each other and generally pray for (2) better-off future.For some communities,the day after Diwali (3) （mark） the beginning of the new year.
Its dates change each year because they are based on the Hindu lunar calendar,but (4) （typical），the festival is celebrated in October or November.The (5) （celebrate） usually lasts for several days.People will often line candles and lamps throughout their houses and along their driveways (6) （light） up the surroundings.
For Hindus,Diwali is a time (7) charitable giving and selfless service.They are required to reflect on (8) they are grateful for and how they can shine light on others as well.Hindus traditionally perform a deep cleaning of their homes and surroundings,as cleanliness (9) （believe） to be a prayer for the presence of wealth and well-being.Hindus also celebrate with colorful patterns of flowers,powder,rice or sand on the floor, (10) is meant to bring good luck.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 假定你是新华国际学校的学生李华，你校拟组织学生本周末去博物馆参观"中国百年成就"展，请你用英语写一则通知，要点如下：
1.活动目的：
2活动安排（时间、交通方式等）；
3.参加人员。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.参考词汇：中国百年成就China's 100-year Achievements；
3.请按如下格式作答。
___________
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I have already forgotten the name of that old lady.Yet I still remember the matter as if it happened yesterday.It is she who teaches me a lesson in forgiveness.
It happened when I was twelve years old.That summer holiday,I planned to earn some pocket money by delivering the newspaper in our neighborhood.And she was a customer on my paper route.She was a kind lady and every time I gave her the paper,she would give me some cookies.
On a mindless Saturday afternoon,a friend and I were throwing rocks onto the roof of the old lady's house from a quiet spot in her backyard.The purpose of our play was to observe how the rocks changed to missiles （导弹） as they rolled to the roof's edge and shot out into the yard like comets （彗星） falling from the sky.
I found myself a perfectly smooth rock and sent it for a ride.The stone was too smooth,however,so it slipped from my hand as I let it go.Seeing it headed straight for a small window on the old lady's back porch （门廊），we stood there,numb with fear.The sound of broken glass awoke us from the fear and the next second,we ran away from the old lady's yard faster than any of our missiles flowing off her roof.
After coming back home,I was so scared of getting caught that I dared not go out that whole afternoon.I stayed at home,glancing at my front yard nervously from time to time,feeling that lady would knock at our door at any time.But until I went to bed,what I was afraid didn't happen.Lying in bed,I wondered whether she didn't discover the broken window or she didn't discover who had done it？That was a sleepless night.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next morning,I delivered the paper to her as usual.
___________
After three weeks,I earned seven dollars and put them in an envelope.
______________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、C、C
【解析】【文章大意】文章介绍了四个适合18岁以下学生参与的非盈利性组织。
1. 根据Union Station Homeless Services的组织名称“联合车站无家可归者服务”可知，该项目是一个给无家可归者提供帮助的公益项目。故选D。
2. 根据Northeast Animal Shelter部分的As soon as a dog or cat arrives, our staff begin searching for the perfect host for them.（一旦有猫狗到来，我们的工作人员就开始为它们寻找完美的主人。）可知，东北动物收容所的志愿者可以为宠物们寻找收养家庭。故选C。
3. 根据Arlington Public Library部分的We only accept the volunteers with community service experience.（我们只接受有社区服务经验的志愿者）可知，阿灵顿公共图书馆要求志愿者有社区工作经验。故选C。
4~7.【答案】D、C、D、A
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇故事类记叙文。Melissa Blake对时尚界感兴趣，但时尚界对她不太感兴趣，因为她的残疾极大地影响了她的形象。后来她成了一名残疾人权利活动家，也是一名自由撰稿人，她的作品曾出现在《纽约时报》和《Glamour》上，但在2019年，她回击了在网上对她发表丑陋评论的人，赢得了全国的关注。Blake的故事中告诉我们“勇气可以打破障碍”。
1. 根据第一段中Unfortunately, fashion wasn't much interested in her. Blake, who has a genetic bone and muscle disorder and stands a little under 4 feet tall, couldn't find jeans or dresses in her size.（不幸的是，时尚界对她不太感兴趣。布莱克身高不足4英尺，患有遗传性骨骼和肌肉疾病，她找不到适合自己尺寸的牛仔裤或裙子）可知，时尚界对布莱克不感兴趣，是因为她的残疾极大地影响了她的形象。故选D。
2. 根据第二段中She is a disability-rights activist as well as a freelance (自由职业) writer whose work has appeared in The New York Times and Glamour, but she gained a national following in 2019 after clapping back at people who made ugly comments about her online.（她是一名残疾人权利活动家，也是一名自由撰稿人，她的作品曾出现在《纽约时报》和《Glamour》上，但在2019年，她回击了在网上对她发表丑陋评论的人，赢得了全国的关注）可知，勇敢地与不友善的评论作斗争让布莱克受到全国粉丝的欢迎。故选C。
3. 根据第三段中However, some people said that I should be banned from posting photos of myself because I'm too ugly.（然而，有些人说我应该被禁止发布自己的照片，因为我太丑了）再结合I feel like every time I post a selfie or share something about my life as a disabled woman, it is representation to fight that（我觉得每次我发布一张自拍照或分享一些关于我作为残疾女性生活的东西，都是在代表我与之斗争）可知，这里的that指的就是前文提到的有些人禁止她发布自拍这件事情。故选D。
4. 根据最后一段中But she's glad she took the challenge. "When disabled people are included, it sends a message that we should get a seat at the table in all aspects of life."（但她很高兴自己接受了挑战。“当残疾人被纳入其中时，就发出了一个信息，那就是我们应该在生活的各个方面都有一席之地。”）可知，从布莱克的故事中我们了解到“勇气可以打破障碍”。故选A。
8~11.【答案】C、A、B、B
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据文章第五段的"Paper,plastic,glass,metal and textiles（纺织品） are counted as recyclable waste.（纸，塑料，玻璃，铁制品和纺织品都属于可回收垃圾。）"可知，纺织品属于可回收垃圾，扔掉的旧外套属于纺织品，故它是可回收垃圾。C.Recyclable waste.（可回收垃圾）符合以上推测，故选C。
（2）A.推理判断题。根据文章第四段的"Household food waste — which is translated to "wet trash" in Chinese — refers to food leftovers,rotten food,pet food,fruit peels,remains of TCM herbs（中药） and flowers.（家庭食物垃圾，中文也叫湿垃圾，是指食物剩余，腐烂的食品，宠物食品，水果皮，中药残余和花等。）"可推测，湿垃圾有一个共同特征----容易降解。A．It can be broken down easily.（它很容易被降解）符合以上推测，故选A。
（3）B.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的"We should do this from a pig's angle," commented one netizen. "Those edible for pigs are household food waste.Those even pigs don't want to eat are residual waste.If a pig consumes something and dies of it,then something must be harmful waste.Those that can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste.（一位网友说，我们可以从猪的角度来做这件事，猪可以食用的是家庭食物垃圾；那些猪都不吃的是残余物；如果一头猪吃了什么东西死了，那些东西一定是有害垃圾；那些可以出售的和我们获得的钱可以用来购买猪是可回收垃圾。）"可以看出该网友很幽默。结合选项A．Serious严肃的；B．Humorous幽默的；C．Delightful令人愉快的；D．Uncertain不确定的。故选B。
（4）B.主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，其主旨一般在首段或末段。根据本文的主要内容，尤其是第一段的"The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting from 1 July.（新的垃圾分类规定已定于7月1日在上海生效。）"和"Thankfully,authorities have released an official guideline to explain the new rules.（值得庆幸的是，当局已经发布了一份官方指南来澄清这些新规定。）"可知，本文主要讲述上海执行新的垃圾分类标准。B．Shanghai garbage sorting enforcement begins.（上海垃圾分类执法开始）可以概括本文主旨，故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海执行新的垃圾分类规定，并对垃圾分类给出了官方解释。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
12~15.【答案】B、B、C、D
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据原文第一段Now,a study chart's impressive shifts in recent decades as U.S.farmers have changed their types of pesticides.（最近几十年，随着美国农民改变了杀虫剂的种类，一份研究图表显示了令人印象深刻的变化。）可知美国农民使用化学农药。B.They use chemical weapons.（他们使用化学武器）正确。故选B.
（2）B.推理判断题。根据原文第三段Schulz and colleagues started with U.S.Geological Survey data on self- reported pesticide use by U.S.farmers from 1992 to 2016.They also gathered toxicity data from the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency on those same compounds-381 in all,The good news is that total toxicity decreased more than 95%，for birds and mammals from 1992 to 2016，largely because of the phaseout（逐步停止）of older pesticides.（舒尔茨及其同事从1992年至2016年美国地质调查局（U.S.Geological Survey）有关美国农民自报农药使用情况的数据开始研究。他们还从美国环境保护署收集了381种相同化合物的毒性数据。好消息是，从1992年到2016年，鸟类和哺乳动物的总毒性下降了95%以上，这很大程度上是因为旧农药的逐步淘汰。）可知他和团队是通过分析历年数据展开调查。B.By analyzing data.（通过分析数据）正确。故选B.
（3）C.观点态度题。根据原文最后一段"The patterns in the U.S.pesticide use and toxicity data should be a warning for the rest of the world,much of which seems to be leaning more heavily on pesticide use rather than ecological interactions for pest control," Schulz said.（舒尔茨说："美国农药使用的模式和毒性数据应该为世界其他地区敲响警钟，这些地区在害虫控制方面似乎更多地依赖农药的使用，而不是生态相互作用。"）可知他对使用农药这一行为持消极不支持的态度。A.Subjective.主观的；B.Doubtful.怀疑的；C.Negative.消极的；D.Favorable.有利的。故选C.
（4）D.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段The rising toxicity in plants could lead to less diverse habitat and food resources that eventually spread to animal populations,potentially causing losses.（植物毒性的上升可能导致栖息地和食物资源的多样性减少，最终扩散到动物种群，可能造成损失。）可知植物的毒性最终会影响到动物。D.The number of animals will decrease.（动物的数量将会减少）正确。故选D.
本文属于说明文。主要告诉大家节约用水的必要性，怎么样节约用水。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
16~20.【答案】C、G、B、A、E
【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。上文"It's easy to stick to eating the same foods every day,especially if you love them."（坚持每天吃同样的食物很容易，特别是如果你喜欢它们。）说你很容易只吃同一种食物，下文"Eating the same foods can lead to nutritional shortage."（吃同样的食物会导致营养不足。）说一直吃同样的食物的坏处，空处起着承上启下的作用。选项C.But it may not be the best thing for your health.（但这可能不是对您的健康最好的事情）符合语境。故选C。
（2）G.推理判断题。下文"Almost everyone would agree that "eat the rainbow" is a good rule of thumb."（几乎每个人都会同意"吃彩虹"是一个很好的经验法则）说明吃多姿多彩的食物是一个法则，即建议我们要吃各种各样的不同颜色的食物，选项G.Eat the colors of the rainbow when it comes to fruit and vegetables.（说到水果和蔬菜，请吃彩虹那样多姿多彩的颜色）符合语境，rainbow是关键词。故选G。
（3）B.推理判断题。上文"According to a study published in the British Journal of Nutrition,the enhanced nutrition from a varied diet seems to boost immunity."（根据发表在《英国营养学杂志》上的一项研究，通过多样化的饮食来增强营养似乎可以提高免疫力。）说明来自不同种类食物的营养，能增强我们的免疫力，即它能帮助我们抵抗感染，选项B.This helps people resist infections.（这有助于人们抵抗感染）符合语境。故选B。
（4）A.推理判断题。下文"Changing up what you eat exposes you to great new foods and new recipes,and helps bring back the fun in eating."（改变你吃的东西会让你接触到很棒的新食物和新食谱，并有助于恢复饮食的乐趣。）说明食物或饮食应该是有趣的，选项A.Food should be fun!（食物应该很有趣！）符合语境。故选A。
（5）E.标题归纳题。下文"We see a lot of people focus on a single nutrient or food because it attracts media fame.And while all foods are to be celebrated for their unique nutritional quality,assigning yourself to a limited list of foods because they are the most well-known or well described will box you in and close you off from various other vital nutrients."（我们看到很多人只关注一种营养素或食物，因为它吸引了媒体的关注。虽然所有食物都因其独特的营养品质而备受赞誉，但因为它们是最知名或最有名的食物而将自己食物清单列表变得有限，会让你陷入困境，让你远离各种其他重要的营养物质。）说明单一饮食会限制你的营养来源，选项E.Eating the same foods restricts your nutritional sources.（吃同样的食物会限制你的营养来源。）符合语境。故选E。
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了吃单一食物的坏处和吃各种各样食物的好处。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】D、A、C、D、B、A、C、D、A、B、A、C、D、D、C
【解析】（1）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.report报告；B.message信息；C.article文章；D.story故事。句意：故事始于去年9月。由文章第一句"A school in Sarajevo is making headlines."可知，本文讲述了Sarajevo一家学校的故事。故选D。
（2）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.admit接收；B.adopt采纳；C.invite邀请；D.defend保卫。句意：Mirzana Coralic请求她所在社区的小学接收她六岁有听力障碍的儿子Zejd。因为Zejd有听力障碍，所以Mirzana Coralic请求她所在社区的小学接收她的儿子。故选A。
（3）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.learning学习；B.speech发言；C.hearing听力；D.sight视力。句意：Mirzana Coralic请求她所在社区的小学接收她六岁有听力障碍的儿子Zejd。根据后文"I （10）to learn Zejd's language so I can talk to him and other deaf people,"可知，Zejd有听力障碍。故选C。
（4）D.考查副词及语境理解。A.conditionally有条件地；B.passively被动地；C.personally个人地；D.immediately立刻地。句意：这位名叫Sanela Ljumanovic的老师几乎马上就接受了他的申请，但在开学的第一天，她注意到Zejd一个人坐着，无法与任何人交流。由后文"on the first day of school"可知，Zejd很快就被学校接受了。故选D。
（5）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.cooperate合作；B.interact交流，互动；C.compete竞争，比赛；D.stay停留。句意：这位名叫Sanela Ljumanovic的老师几乎马上就接受了他的申请，但在开学的第一天，她注意到Zejd一个人坐着，无法与任何人交流。根据后文"They got a sign language teacher,and three months later,Zejd was happily able to communicate with..."可知，Zejd无法和别人交流。故选B。
（6）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.solution解决办法；B.explanation解释；C.theory理论；D.alternative可供选择的事情。句意：Sanela决心找到一个解决办法，他尝试了-些技巧和手势。根据前文描述可知，因为Sanela发现Zejd不能和别人交流，Sanela决心找一个解决办法。故选A。
（7）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.selected选择；B.imagined想象；C.presented提出；D.favored支持。句意：但是另一个孩子的父母有一个更好的主意一让整个班级和Zejd一起学习手语。由空后"a better idea"可知，另一个孩子家长提出一个更好的主意帮助Zejd。故选C。
（8）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.enjoy喜欢；B.create创造；C.design设计；D.learn学习。句意：但是另一个孩子的父母有一个更好的主意一让整个班级和Zejd一起学习手语。根据后文"They got a sign language teacher,and three months later,Zejd was happily able to communicate with all his classmates"可知，家长提议让全班人一起学手语。故选D。
（9）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.regular平常的，常规的；B.formal正式的；C.complex复杂的；D.professional职业的。句意：他们请了一位手语老师，三个月后，Zejd就可以愉快地和他的同学交流日常琐事，比如家庭作业和游戏。由后文"like homework and games."可知，家庭作业和游戏是日常很常规的事情。故选A。
（10）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.afford承担得起；B.like喜欢；C.prepare准备；D.wait等待。句意："我喜欢学习Zejd的语言，这样我就可以和他和其他聋人交谈，"他的一个同学说。根据前文"The other kids in the class are quite happy as well."可知，孩子们对学习手语很开心，所以一个孩子表示喜欢学习Zejd的手语。故选B。
（11）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.popular受欢迎的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.challenging有挑战的；D.practical实际的。句意：现在，手语在小学里越来越受欢迎，其他班级的孩子也在学习手语。由后文"with kids from other classes...to learn as well."可知，因为其他班的孩子也学习手语，由此可知，手语在小学里越来越受欢迎。故选A。
（12）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.failing失败；B.hesitating犹豫；C.trying尝试；D.helping帮助。句意：现在，手语在小学里越来越受欢迎，其他班级的孩子也在学习手语。因为手语在小学受欢迎，所以越来越多人开始尝试学习手语。故选C。
（13）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.described描述；B.known知道；C.defined下定义；D.include包括。句意：人们希望它能作为正式课程的一部分。由前文描述可知，因为手语在小学越来越受欢迎，所以人们喜欢能把手语作为正式课程的一部分。故选D。
（14）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.enables使能够；B.shows展示；C.stresses强调；D.represents相当于。句意：Sanela说："手语很棒，因为意味着沟通，也帮助孩子们更适应残疾人。"由常识可知，手语意味着沟通。故选D。
（15）C.考查形容词及语境理解。A.polite礼貌的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.adaptable可适应的；D.thankful感谢的。句意：Sanela说："手语很棒，因为意味着沟通，也帮助孩子们更适应残疾人。" 根据常识可知，学会手语能帮助孩子们更好地适应残疾人。故选C。
文章介绍了Sarajevo学校一个班级的学生为了更好地与聋哑学生Zejd沟通，全部学会了手语的故事。
完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。它题材广泛，体裁多样。文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强，具有鲜明的时代感，包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等。
36.【答案】【小题1】held
【小题2】a
【小题3】marks
【小题4】typically
【小题5】celebration
【小题6】to light
【小题7】for
【小题8】what
【小题9】is believed
【小题10】which
【解析】（1）held.考查过去分词。句意：排灯节，又称灯节，是印度教为纪念财富女神拉克希米而举行的节日。分析句子结构可知，空格处用非谓语形式，festival和hold之间是被动关系，空格处用过去分词held表被动，故填held。
（2）a.考查冠词。句意：它长期以来一直是一个文化节日，在这期间，人们聚在一起，举行聚会，互赠礼物，通常祈祷未来更好。better-off future表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，better-off是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a,故填a。
（3）marks.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：对一些社区来说，排灯节的第二天标志着新年的开始。空格处是谓语，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语the day是单数，因此空格处是第三人称单数marks,故填marks。
（4）typically.考查副词。句意：它的日期每年都会改变，因为它们是基于印度教的阴历，但通常在10月或11月庆祝这个节日。空格处用副词typically作状语，typically意为"通常"，故填typically。
（5）celebration.考查名词。句意：庆祝活动通常持续几天。空格处用名词作主语，celebrate的名词是celebration,由后面的lasts可知，空格处用单数，故填celebration。
（6）to light.考查不定式。句意：人们经常会在他们的房子和车道上放上蜡烛和灯来照亮周围的环境。根据语境可知，空格处用不定式表目的，故填to light。
（7）for.考查介词。句意：对印度教徒来说，排灯节是一个慈善捐赠和无私服务的日子。a time for意为"做某事的时间"，根据语境可知，句子表示"排灯节是一个慈善捐赠和无私服务的日子"，因此空格处用介词for,故填for。
（8）what.考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：他们被要求反思他们所感激的，以及他们如何能照亮他人。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，因此空格处用引导词what,故填what。
（9）is believed.考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：印度教徒传统上对他们的家和周围环境进行深度清洁，因为清洁被认为是祈求财富和幸福的象征。根据语境可知，句子表示"清洁被认为是祈求财富和幸福的象征"，句子用被动语态，通篇时态是一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，即is/are done,主语cleanliness是不可数名词，因此空格处是is believed,故填is believed。
（10）which.考查定语从句的引导词。句意：印度教徒还会在地板上摆放彩色图案的花、粉、米或沙子来庆祝，这意味着会带来好运。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代前面整个主句，因此空格处用关系代词which,故填which。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是印度的排灯节。
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析。要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。
37.【答案】NoticeFellow students,
In order to enable the students to learn about the great achievements acquired in the last one hundred years,our school plans to organize students to visit the exhibition of "China's 100-year Achievements" in the museum this weekend.【高分句型一】（活动目的）
We will meet at the school gate at eight in the morning and we will go there by bus.All the students must take part in the activity.Take your pens and notebooks with you.We should listen and watch carefully and write down something interesting when you visit the exhibition.【高分句型二】Please don't make any noises in the museum and don't take any pictures.You'll have to hand in a report about the visit next Monday.（活动安排以及参加人员）
Students' Union
【解析】高分句型一
In order to enable the students to learn about the great achievements acquired in the last one hundred years,our school plans to organize students to visit the exhibition of "China's 100-year Achievements" in the museum this weekend.
翻译：为了让学生们了解过去一百年中取得的巨大成就，我们学校计划于本周末组织学生参观博物馆的"中国百年成就"展览。
分析：句子里，过去分词短语acquired in the last one hundred years作定语。
高分句型二
We should listen and watch carefully and write down something interesting when you visit the exhibition.
翻译：当你参观展览时，我们应该仔细听和看，并写下一些有趣的东西。
分析：句子里，when引导时间状语从句you visit the exhibition。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。
38.【答案】Paragraph 1：
The next morning,I delivered the paper to her as usual.On the way to her home,so nervous was I that I could feel my heart pounding in my chest.But to my surprise,I saw the broken glass had been repaired and she didn't mention it.When I handed her the paper,she still greeted me and gave me some cookies as usual.【高分句型一】Holding these cookies in my hand,a feeling of guilt swept over me and I determined that I would save my paper delivery money to make up for the broken window.【高分句型二】（作者到了这位老太太家里发现被自己打坏的玻璃已被修补以及老太太对他的态度）
Paragraph 2：
After three weeks,I earned seven dollars and put them in an envelope.I secretly put it through the letter box in her door.After doing this,I suddenly felt in relief.The next day,I handed the old lady her paper and thanked her for the bag of cookies.When I opened the bag,I was stunned.Inside were the seven dollars and a short note that said, "I'm proud of you." She knew it was me.But instead of blaming and punishing me,she chose to forgive me.Even so many years later,she is still deeply engraved in my mind,who taught me a valuable lesson in my life.（作者赚钱后对于打破玻璃的补偿以及老太太对他的回复）
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了对作者影响深远的一个老太太的回忆。那年暑假，作者送报纸赚零花钱。老太太是顾客之一。她是一位善良的女士，对作者很友好。然而作者和一个朋友在老太太家后院玩扔石头游戏时，却不小心打破了老太太家的玻璃，没有事后的"找上门算账"，老太太对作者的态度一直很友好。愧疚之下，作者暗下决心要赔偿，却在给出赔偿之后发现，原来自己早已被原谅。即使多年以后，作者仍然认为这是人生中宝贵的一课。
高分句型一：When I handed her the paper,she still greeted me and gave me some cookies as usual.
译文：当我把报纸递给她时，她仍然像往常一样向我打招呼，给我一些饼干。
分析：这句话使用when引导时间状语从句。
高分句型二：Holding these cookies in my hand,a feeling of guilt swept over me and I determined that I would save my paper delivery money to make up for the broken window.
译文：手里拿着这些饼干，一种内疚感席卷了我，我决定省下送纸的钱来弥补那扇破碎的窗户。
分析：这句话使用现在分词短语Holding these cookies in my hand作状语，that引导宾语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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