【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题08：连词及并列句-精讲精练（上海用）

►专题08 连词及并列句用法梳理+高考题型组合练

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【考情链接】

连词是高考的必考重点。连词常分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列句是由两个或两个以上简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。并列连词之前可用也可不用逗号。

【要点梳理】

[再解读要点]

1．表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词：and，both ...and ...，neither ...nor ...，not only ...but also ...，as well as

Not only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy，but also it enables others to feel delighted.

一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。

2．表转折的并列连词：but，yet；表对比关系的并列连词：while

The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.

这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。

I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.

我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。

[温馨提示]

but不与although/though连用，但yet，still可与although/though连用。

3．表选择关系的并列连词：or，either ...or ...，not ...but ...

They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.

他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是以个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。

4．表因果关系的并列连词：so，for (表“由于”，一般不放在句首)

He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.

由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。

5．when可用于并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and this/that time。常用于下列句式：

①be about to do sth.when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”

②be on the point of doing sth.when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”

③be doing sth.when ...“正在做某事，这时突然……”

④had done sth.when ...“刚做完某事，这时突然……”

I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.

我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。

She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.

昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。

        考点一： 并列句的4种类型

1. 表并列、递进或顺承关系用:and, both…and…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…

2. 表转折、对比关系用:but, yet, while

3. 表选择关系用:or, otherwise, or else, either…or…, not…but…

4. 表因果关系用:so, for (表“由于”,一般不放在句首)

①She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.

她说她会迟到,但她却准时到达了。

②—Peter, please send us postcards so we'll know where you have visited.

—No problem.

“彼得, 请发给我们明信片以便我们能知道你参观过的地方。”“没问题。”

        考点二： 祈使句+and/or+陈述句句式

①Find ways to praise your children often,and you'll find they will open their hearts to you.

=If you find ways to praise your children often, you'll find they will open their hearts to you.

如果你经常找方法表扬你的孩子,你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。

②Hurry up or we will be late.=If you don't hurry up,we will be late.

快点儿,否则我们就迟到了。

③A few more efforts and you will succeed.=If you make a few more efforts,you will succeed.

再努力些,你会成功的。

[温馨提示]

 and与or/otherwise用于并列句,表示顺承关系用“祈使句+and+陈述句”,表示转折关系用“祈使句+or/otherwise+陈述句”。

                                                                         _____

 单句语法填空

1．Most importantly，though，remember the following old rule：try to eat different food，____________not too much.

2．I had never seen what a sandstorm looked like ____________ I told him I wanted to go out just to see it for myself.

3．If you visit Nepal，you will find Nepalese often greet each other with the hands pressed together instead of shaking hands，____________in North America and the U．K，people greet one another by shaking hands.

7．People in Dali are very friendly and honest to you ____________ you are a foreigner or just a local.

4．He overcame many difficulties，____________ he was not fortunate enough.

5．Some animals，like people，eat both plants____________animals.

                                                                         _____

1.There is no doubt that people’s behavior has a far-reaching impact on the environment. Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering often takes a backseat, ____21____ it’s more pressing than we may think. 【2022年闵行二模】

2.At high detail, live maps of a disaster area could quickly and accurately reveal people in danger ____30____ they could help rescuers determine the safest routes in or out in time. 【2022年黄埔二模】

3.Hotels are largely given over to rooms for individuals, ____8____ “Home is thought of as a place for a family over years, hosting lots of different activities.”【2022年虹口二模】

4.I’ve never explored it in the same way I’ve explored destinations like Zambia ____21____ now. 【2022年徐汇二模】

5. As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities ____7____ got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. 【20192年上海春考】

                                                                        _____

Scientists confirmed Monday that a skeleton (骷髅) found under a carpark in the English city of Leicester was that of King Richard III, in a weird end to a 500-year-old mystery.

DNA from the bones 21． (match) that of existing generation of the king’s sister and the skeleton had the battle injuries consistent 22． contemporary accounts.

The remains of the king, viewed as one of English history’s worst guys, will be reburied later in the local church.

The discovery has caused huge excitement among historians, as it provides firm evidence about a ruler whose life 23． (shadow), in spite of official records, by rumours (谣言) concerning his cold blood since his death at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.

According to historical accounts, Richard’s body was transported naked and bloody on the back of a pack horse to Leicester before being buried in an unmarked grave at Greyfriars, a Franciscan temple in the central English city.

Then the crown passed to the Tudor rulers who painted Richard as an ugly bad guy who stopped at 24． in his pursuit of power, even murdering his two young nephews, the so-called Princes in the Tower, 25． (secure) the power.

The hunt for his body began years ago when archaeologists (考古学家) started to dig beneath the municipal carpark 26． the king was supposedly buried. They finally found the skeleton.

On Monday archaeologists said the skeleton confirmed that the king had severe injury in the backbone. It may have been painful and caused his right shoulder to appear higher than his left, but there was no evidence of the deformed arm 27． (mention) in Shakespeare’s “Richard III”.

Historians now hope to clear some of the myths about Richard, 28． (publicize) evidence to argue against the claim that he killed the two young princes. They intend to focus on 29． Richard achieved in his brief two-year ruling, including the establishment of a system of legal aid.

According to Philippa Langley, a member of the Richard III Society, 30． cruel Richard III appeared to be in the past, a new image will emerge of the king. “We have searched for Richard and we have found him. Now it’s time to honour him,” she said.

2021年第二学期上海晋元中学高二年级3月单元反馈英语试卷

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to control people's self-interest in the service of the common good. The ___21___ of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives (激励) can also ___22___, minifying the very behavior they're meant to encourage.

A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood  ___23___ the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of scientific evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives--showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right in so many cases that businesses should ___24___.

Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity ___25___ the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can have the opposite result when they destroy what Adam Smith called "the moral sentiments(情绪)”. The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff-- we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. ___26___ , people desire to be respected by others as ethical and ___27___. And they don't want to be taken for losers. Rewarding blood donations may not serve the intended purpose because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being ___28___ than in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer ___29___ the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with _____30_____ for performance is textbook economics, but it can lead to the depression of employees.

Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we're being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted and they can imply--sometimes wrongly--what _____31_____ us. Fines or public criticism that appeal to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval (think of littering) can be highly effective. But incentives go wrong when they _____32_____ or diminish our ethical sensibilities.

This does not mean it's _____33_____ to appeal to self-interested and ethical motivations at the same time--just that efforts to do so often fail. _____34_____ ,  policies support socially valued ends not only by controlling self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags passed by law in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders _____35_____ while conveying a moral message. Carrying a plastic bag joined wearing a fur coat in the gallery of anti-social anachronisms.

21. A. temptation B. threat C. value D. equivalent

22. A. overflow B. backfire C. survive D. work

23. A. reduced B. affected C. afforded D. balanced

24. A. cut back B. stand by C. take note D. hold on

25. A. cause B. reverse C. take D. detect

26. A. In other words B. On the contrary C. By contrast D. In addition

27. A. satisfied B. determined C. dignified D. discouraged

28. A. unselfish B. ambitious C. thoughtful D. aggressive

29. A. boasts B. values C. encourages D. mistrusts

30. A. requirement B. criticism C. implication D. reward

31. A. supports B. threatens C. motivates D. changes

32. A. refine B. offend C. control D. arouse

33. A. impossible B. strange C. necessary D. abnormal

34. A. Rarely B. Occasionally C. Surprisingly D. Ideally

35. A. publicly B. severely C. monetarily D. mildly

A

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21. What do the classes mainly focus on?

    A. Area-based accents.    B. Work-related topics.

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22. What are offered to the students?

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23. What should a student do first if he decides on the 10 Classes Package?

    A. Arrange a free class with LOI English.

    B. Bargain with LOI English for lower fees

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    D. Make a promise to sit through each class.

B

If you remember anything before the age of 3, your brain only puts together bits of reality that you've learned as you've grown up, according to a new research. In the largest study of its kind, researchers asked people about their earliest memory and at what age they believe it took place. They found that a surprising number of people claimed to remember things from their first years of life. But scientists agree that our brain isn't developed enough to keep memories until we're three years old, so researchers wanted to know why so many people in­sist they remember something before then.

Of 6,641 participants, 37. 4 percent said they had their first memory before the age of 2. Of those, 893 said their first memories were from the period before they turned 1. Participants' answers were analyzed in terms of their age， language? the content of the memo­ry and the nature of the memory.

“When we looked through the answers from participants, we found that a lot of these first ‘memories’ were frequently related to infancy and a typical example would be a memory based around a baby carriage，” said Professor Martin Conway at City University of London.

This means that many of these “fictional” memories are only our minds mixing up what we know about babies and what we actually experienced as a baby. They also found that older people were more likely to report remembering a “fictional” early memory. Researchers couldn't determine why our brains do this but suggested it comes from a personal need to have a complete description of our lives. They added that a positive self-narrative can lead to a bet­ter life.

1. Why did the researchers conduct the study?

A. They had doubt about a claim.

B. They wanted to test a new method.

C. They had to explain about an earlier study.

D. They needed more data to convince people.

2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?

A. How the brain develops.

B. How the research was done.

C. How the participants behaved.

D. How researchers collected the data.

3. Who most probably has fake early memories according to the text?

A. Babies aged 2. B. Old people. C. The middle-aged. D. Teenagers.

4. What do the researchers think of the first memories?

A. Reliable. B. Helpful. C. Positive. D. Fictional.

To Wear or Not to Wear

After a strict head teacher in the U.K. sent 80 students home for uniform violations, the Guardian held a discussion about whether wearing school uniforms makes a difference.

School uniform is very important. It does improve my concentration, because it reminds me that  I’m at school to learn. But I’m not sure if that’s because I’m used to wearing uniform and associate my own  clothes  with free time._______47_______If everyone is wearing the same clothes, it’s impossible to make fun of other people’s clothing. I don’t think this ignores a child’s need to express themselves.       

-- David Hershman, a student at Stafford grammar school

___48___Students should start school with no uniform. As they progress through the school, they start wearing it. I always think children need to be proud of their school, and uniform is important for that. So, make them earn it! If they let the school down, they shouldn’t be allowed to wear it. Look at the Marines（海军陆战队） they can’t wait to get that beret（贝雷帽）.

--Tim Francis, a former teacher

I have had experience of teaching in both uniform and non-uniform schools. I can definitely see the benefits of students wearing uniform. Uniform can be important in creating a sense of school identity and community. It is often a source of collective pride for students._____49_____Teaching students how to express themselves with confidence, rather than the length of their tie, should be the priority.

--Enayah Byramjee, an educational development director

In a perfect world school uniform would not exist. Children would express their personalities through their clothes at school, just as they do at home. School wouldn’t impress on pupils the need to wear skirts to a certain length. We don’t live in a perfect world, however.___50___

My house is often filled with uniform-wearing girls. The best thing about uniform, for me as a parent, is the simplicity.

--Joanna Moorhead, a mother of four

2020-2021学年度第二学期上海交通大学附属中学高二英语摸底考试卷

Imagine living on the edge of a vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification.

Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. It generally arises from two related causes. The first is over-use of water in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. They have been completely buried by the sand now. Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts.

The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. This means that the wrong crops are planted and need more water than is available. Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.

It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer. Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deserts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming, these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding to what is known as the

greenhouse effect.

What can be done to slow down or stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously first steps are to find new water sources. Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field. Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without these efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the world's deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.

V. Translation (3+3+4+5=15’)

Directions: Translate the following sentence into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1. 沿着丝绸之路旅游是一次多么有趣又有益的经历啊！（汉译英）

2. 西湖的景色如诗如画，每个国定假日都吸引成千上万的各地游客。(So) （汉译英）

3. 申请材料必须精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才能对你的能力有全面的了解。（so that）（汉译英）

4. 鉴于这个计划风险太大，虽然设计者的分析听上去很合理，政府最终没有采纳。(risky)