【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题10：语法填空 -精讲精练（上海用）

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►专题10 高考语法填空题型高分突破+高考题型组合练
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考点精讲







【考情链接】
语法填空题将语法知识的考查融千一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表
现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观，准确地考察学生的语法知识水平。考查形式包括有提示词(4~5个)和无提示词(5~6 个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有:名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别等;无提示词的考向主要有;介词、冠词、连接词、代词等;且每空只能填一个单词。。
【要点梳理】
一、语法填空考点分布
出题方式
词性考查
考点分布
特别注意
有提示词
形容词/
副词
原 级
1、双音节单词比较级最高级的变形
2、修饰比较级最高级的词
3、less/least+adj/adv情况
4、双写+er的单词

比较级
最高级
动词
时态语态
1、各种时态的标志词以及特征
2、主动表被动情况
不定式
1、不定式作主宾表定状补
2、动名词作主宾表定
3、分词作表定状补
4、各种非谓语的时态语态
动名词
分 词
无提示词
冠词
定冠词/不定冠词
判断语境是特指还是非特指
介词
搭配及其他
熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法
代词
人称物主代词
1、复合句的从句除去关系代词仍缺成分
2、反身代词不能作主语，可作宾语、表语、同位语
3、代词作定语
不定代词
反身单词
动词
情态动词
观察语境中暗含的情感和态度
助动词/系动词
倒装情况
从属连词
定语从句
1、熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法
2、how+adj/adv情况，what+n情况，how many/much/ long....情况
3、表语从句连接词as if，because
名词性从句
状语从句
强调句
并列连词
并列句
判断上下句之间的逻辑关系

二、语法填空题两空格以上考点

两个空和三个空的填法

两空常填连词

表原因：now that
表时间：every time/ the moment
表让步：even if / even though
表方式：as if / as though
表目的：so that / in case
表结果：so that
定语从句：介词 + which
表除了：except that
表疑问：how much (many/long/often/soon)
三空常填连词

表目的：in order that / for fear that
表时间：as soon as/by the time
表条件：as/so long as / on condition that
表让步：no matter how + adj./ no matter what (+ n.)
另：as far as (as far as I know, as far as I’m concerned)

两空常填介词

表原因：because of/ due to/ owing to/thanks to
表让步：regardless of
表相反：instead of/ rather than
表除了：except for / other than/apart from
表根据/例举：according to / such as
三空常填介词
表让步：in spite of
表并列：as well as
表除了：in addition to
表目的：in order to
两空常填情态动词
have to / had better / ought to / may/might (as) well


Ø 考点一：纯空格试题的解题技巧
技巧1：当句子缺主语或宾语，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语、表语和同位语情况等)
主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s).
【练习】
1) When my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, ___________fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.
2) In order to keep team members positive and motivated, the team leader _________needs to show these qualities.
3) Over time, as the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so______would cook more quickly.
4) _________ is very common for students to be physically present in class，but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.
5) I'll spend half of my holiday practising English and _______ _________ half learning drawing.
6) The difference between a man who succeeds and ________ who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities.
【Keys】 something himself it/they It the other one

技巧2： 在名词或“形容词+名词”前,填限定词。
如表示特指时用the/this/that/these/those
表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an
表示“某人的”,用形容词性物主代词
表示“两者都”用both
表示“另一个”用another
表示“每一个”用every/each
表示“其他的”用other等,注意other接名词复数。
【练习】
1）For the study, researchers studied the development of friendships and (27)______ peer relationships during adolescence and their impact on psychological adjustment.
2）When performing _____ challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended.
3）The company plans to double the current number of domestic stores to nearly 12,000. To meet _______ target, Sawbucks will start more stores at airports and supermarkets.
【Keys】 other a the/this/that

技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。
常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, …
【练习】
1) The total amount of packaging increased __________ 12% between 1999 and 2005.
2) These days, many totem poles no longer exist _______ _______ decay and rot.
3) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope.
4) Just as he finished the first few bars, one of the strings on his violin broke. We thought that he would have to stop the concert. ________ everyone’s expectation, he waited a moment, closed his eyes and then signaled the conductor to begin again.
5) Writing about beliefs is hard. It makes you reach deep into your soul and truly look at what is there. It requires time and effort, and then hits you in the face and someone in the background says “Oh, why didn’t you think of that before?” Beliefs change, they mature and grow just __________a child.
【Keys】 by because of In spite of Beyond like

技巧4：若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。
【练习】
1) “I ___________hardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told the BBC.
2) For all the attention I was getting I _________ as well not have been there. I felt a stranger.
3) Students can’t wear jumpers, jackets or coats indoors. Also, girls and boys ______wear black leather shoes and black socks. Sports shoes are not allowed.
4) Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie (32) _____ get into the backyard.
【Keys】can might must could

技巧5：若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空，可能是填并列连词。若两句之间表示转折关系有逗号填however，前后对比用while，表因果关系有逗号填therefore, 无逗号填so。
并列连词：and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but
【练习】
1) Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin. Students’ were confused to see there was not a question ____ just a black dot in the center of the page.
2) Drug abuse has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, _________ the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.
3) Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, “Boys are not so afraid that they might do something that will harm the computer, ______________girls are afraid they might break it somehow.”
4) Not only are more people taking to running, they are (27)________ using wearable devices and using software on their cellphones to record the distance they cover and the amount of calories they burn.
【Keys】but and while also

技巧6：若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般填从属连词。
定语从句: 关代：that, which, who, whom, whose, as; 关副：when, where, why
名词性从句: 从属连词：that, if/whether, because, as if; 关代：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever; 关副：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
状语从句: 时间：when, while, as, before, after, every/each time, as soon as, the moment/minute, hardly…when, no sooner…than, since, once, until 地点：where, wherever 原因：because, as, since, now that 目的：in order that, so that, in case, for fear that 结果：so that, so/such…that 比较：than, as…as, the more…the more 让步：although, though, even if/though, while, as, no matter what/ who/when…, whatever…., whether…or, 方式：as, as if/though, 条件：if, unless, as long as…
【练习】
1) At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly _________ more and more parents make use of child care at this time.
2) __________it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking.
3) All of them described about the black dot, __25__ position they tried to explain.
4) I remembered something in my purse ________I thought could help her.
5) Involving the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all __________ __________ the vacation can work for everyone.
6) However, getting advice from ________ cares about you can impact your life in great ways.
7) Finally, I ended up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, two of (31)______stopped playing football completely.
8) ______ ______ ______ reasons may be behind it, people’s attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years.
9) __________matters that week is that everyone is having a great time.
10) __________ my siblings and I were growing up, I always sensed something was missing in my life, something fundamental to my very identity, to who I was and where I came from.

【Keys】why, whether, whose, that, so that, whoever, whom, No matter what what, While/ When/As

技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。（强调、倒装、感叹）
【练习】
1) But I wanted to prove to myself that hard ______the condition was, I wasn't finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way."
2) In the US, only when someone sits in the driver’s seat ______ driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states.
3) As in the early history of the United States, it was the English _______ set up the settlements in America.
4) Rarely ______ people hear of the concept of semi-retirement in the past but now semi-retirement has become the routine among wealthier people in their 50s and 60s.
5) In doing so, you’ll be able to see what it is ______you admire in this person.
【Keys】as are that did that

Ø 考点二： 给出动词的解题技巧
技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看,后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况)
【练习】
1) The woman looked down, ______（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”
2) If the trend continues, by 2020, the world ________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity.
3) Since it drew recent media attention, Woon (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States.
4) If you have kids, and they _______ (not see) this film yet, it’s safe to say they’d enjoy it.
5) The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everything I _______(own) was sold to pay debts that I didn’t know existed.
6) One day Gene and Hannah Bortnick heard piano music coming from their living room. They thought their 3-year-old son Ethan ______ (listen) to a CD.
7) Family-friendly facilities ________(develop) in the following years.
【Keys】shook will have lost has heard haven’t seen had owned was listening will be developed

技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。
不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语；
动名词doing 表习惯性动作，常考作主语、宾语；
现在分词doing 表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语；
过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。
【练习】
1) Picking a great gift require ________(know) the person you’re giving it to.
2) Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, __________(force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need.
3) ________(not do)anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive.
4) Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to _________(eat) too many calories from foods that have low nutritional value.”
5) At the 2016 Oscar ceremony, DiCaprio’s _______ (win) the award for Best Actor impressed all the audience present.
6) It is the most urgent threat _______ (face) our entire species, and we need to work collectively together and stop procrastinating（拖延）.
7) He repeated the question in an even sterner tone, “Where is God!!?” Again the boy made no attempt ______ (answer).
8) King Edgar was the first monarch _______ (bury) there in 1065.
【Keys】knowing being forced Not having done eating winning facing to answer to be buried

Ø 考点三：给出形容词或副词的解题技巧
技巧10：括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。
【练习】
1) The students were even____ (confused) but started the test by then.
2) While people were amazed by how generous they could get, Figueroa said she had the __________ (unforgettable) Christmas experience in her 12 years of working for McDonald’s.
3) On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require _______(frequent) watering .
4) After just 12 minutes with dogs, patients’ hearts and lungs seemed to be working ______ (well).
【Keys】more confused most unforgettable less frequent better

_____
重点小练








一、考查语法点: 定冠词,不定冠词, 代词的用法
u a/an泛指；the 特指(语境判断)
u a/ an; the在某些短语里的固定搭配
u 人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词
u 代词作主语和宾语的正确形式
u It 做形式主语和形式宾语的固定句式
1. There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed __________ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.
2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was ________ shy , nervous perfectionist.
3.The little boy pulled ________ right hand out of the pocket …
1. the 2. a 3. his

二、 考查语法点: 并列连词及各类复合句中从属连词,引导词的用法
u 状语从句：从属连词的选择
u 定语从句：关系代词和关系副词的选择
u 名词性从句：引导词的选择
u 并列句：看两个句子间的逻辑关系来判断
1. As a matter of fact, I began playing football ________ I was only eight years old, and I have been good at it.
2. Office workers tried to put out the fire, ____ it was impossible to control it.
3.The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop ______ he bought what he wanted.
4.I could have ignored him when he fell down, ____ I stopped to help him.
5. I like singing _____ my sister likes dancing.
6. Work together, ____ our efforts will eventually pay off.
1. when 2. but 3. until 4. but 5. while 6. and

三、考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配
1. In short, I believe that it is __________ great use to keep a dairy in English…
2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back _________the girl, who was giving me the largest smile I had ever seen.
3. Bored, Tom couldn’t concentrate _____what his mother was saying.
4.We should adopt positive attitude_______failures in life.
1.of 2. at 3. on 4. toward

四、考查语法点: 助动词或情态动词
1.“This _____ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins. ....”
[解析] might/may 考查情态动词。空格后sound为动词原形，可以判断应填入情态动词；再根据语气，这里是一种可能性的推测，所以填might/may.
2.Not until I returned ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
[解析]did　考查考查倒装句。由于从句Not until I returned位于句首，且有否定词，因此句子用部分倒装结构，再根据句子的时态---一般过去时，故填助动词did。

五、考查语法点: 各类特殊句式与固定搭配
1 She remembered how difficult ___ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
2 Little____ we know his life.
3 ____ cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
4 I ____ go to the station to meet her but I didn't see her.
5 It was in the street ____I met an old classmate of mine the other day.
6. Some students usually lose heart and don’t study as hard ___ before when they fail in the exam.
7. Mary was too careless ___ deal with the math question correctly.
1.it 2. do/did 3.So 4. did 5. that 6.as 7.to

六、考查语法点：谓语动词（时态及语态, 及主谓一致）
1. For example, I _______ (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50.
2. It was said that the flight to New York ___________(cancel) due to the foggy weather.
3. Work hard, or you____________(regret) one day.
4. So far, our country___________(make) great achievements in many fields.
5. Doing exercise in the morning_________（be）good for our health.
1.ordered 2. had been canceled 3. will regret 4. has made 5. is

七、考查语法点: 非谓语动词（ to do, doing, done 及变形）
1. I joined in a marathon ______ (host) by the city sports club.
2. On their return, the father asked his son __________(explain) what he had learnt.
3. He passed me and then turned back,__________ (look) at me with a smile.
4.I am looking forward to ______________ (receive) your letter.
5.Although___________(face) with all kinds of difficulties, he never wanted to give up.
1. hosted 2. to explain 3. looking 4. receiving 5. faced

八、考查语法点: 形容词和副词
5) The students were even____ (confused) but started the test by then.
6) Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as (much) food.
7) While people were amazed by how generous they could get, Figueroa said she had the __________ (unforgettable) Christmas experience in her 12 years of working for McDonald’s.
8) On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require ________(frequent) watering .
9) After just 12 minutes with dogs, patients’ hearts and lungs seemed to be working ______ (well).
6). Another study, conducted by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Columbia University, found that kids who eat dinner with their parents five or more times a week are ______ (likely) to have problems with drugs and alcohol.
【Keys】more confused much most unforgettable less frequent better less likely

_____
好题必测





2019年1月上海春季高考
Start with the end and work backwards
When Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, there weren’t any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization ____1____ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the choice of sitting back to wait for something ____2____ (happen), or pursuing a path into the unknown. He chose the latter.
Jason set up a plan that in five years he ____3____ (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal gave him a starting point ____4____ which to work backwards.
By setting the goal, all of Jason’s efforts ____5____ (point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make ____6____ familiar with the market environment.
As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities ____7____ got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. ____8____ (inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work.
In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. ____9____ scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as the newest addition to the rule gallery roster (花名册). He had his first exhibition there one year later.
Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in _____10_____ (do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a year-and-a-half.
【答案】1. that 2. to happen 3. would show 4. from 5. pointed
6. himself 7. and 8. Inspired 9. Although 10. doing
【解析】
本文属于记叙文，介绍Jason Hoelscher为自己设定一个五年目标，不断努力，最终用一年半就实现了。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own为限制性定语从句修饰先行词So ambition and the timely realization，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他面临两个选择，第一个坐着等待事情的发生，另一个选择就是去探索未知的路。分析句子可知，happen作后置定语修饰something，故用不定式to happen。
【3题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：他给自己设定了一个目标，用五年的时间，他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，show与he为主谓关系，故用主动语态，由于陈述过去的计划和打算，故用过去将来时，综述用would show。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：这个五年时间的目标给了他一个起点，他可以从这个起点反向努力。分析句子可知，which to work backwards为定语从句结构修饰先行词starting point，从句缺乏介词，根据先行词，故用介词from。
【5题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过设定目标，他的所有努力能向着同一个方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，point与主语efforts为主谓关系，故用主动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时pointed。
【6题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：他会出现在各个艺术展览开幕式，尽可能做研究来让自己熟悉市场环境。分析句子可知，本句缺乏宾语，由于主语为he，宾语与主语为同一人称，故用反身代词himself。
【7题详解】
考查连词。句意：由于经常露面，他抓住所有机会，朝着自己的目标不断前进。分析句子可知，took opportunities和got him closer都是句子谓语，为并列关系，故用并列连词and。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：深受启发，他花了一个月时间来创作新的作品。分析句子可知，inspire作状语修饰he，与其属于动宾关系，故用过去分词形式Inspired。
【9题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：尽管害怕的要死，但是在展览会上看起来信心满满。分析句子可知，前后句属于转折让步关系，故用连词Although。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他趁热打铁，通过这样做，把五年的目标用一年半的时间就实现了。In为介词后接动词ing形式，故用doing。

2017年6月上海高考
In the presence of animals
A professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care. As far back as the1790s, the elderly at a senior citizens' home in England 21___________ (encourage) to spend time with farm animals. This would help patients' mental state more than the cruel therapies 22__________ (use) on the mentally ill at the time. In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof 23__________ contact with animals can increase a sick person's chance of survival and has been shown 24___________(lower) heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.
Scientist think that animal companionship is beneficial 25___________animals are accepting and attentive, and they don't criticize or give orders. Animals have the unique ability to be more social. For example, visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions.
Not only do people seem 26___________ (anxious) when animals are nearby, but they may also live longer. Studies show that a year 27___________ heart surgery, survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets. Elderly people with pets make fewer trips to doctors than those without animal companions, possibly because animals relieve loneliness. Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind, 28___________(result) in a favourable environment for everyone.
Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children. They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29___________ company they tend to calm down more easily. They involve 30___________ in playing with animals and the presence of animals comforts them greatly.
【Keys】
21. were encouraged 22. used 23. that 24. to lower 25. because/as/ since
26. less anxious 27. after 28. resulting 29. whose 30. themselves

_____
高考题型组合练

Section A：语法运用




Recently, I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down. High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway. He said that we would be circling the city for a few minutes waiting to land. We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts ___1___ (fasten) because there might be a few bumps. Well, that few minutes turned into about forty-five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster ____2____ (pale) by comparison.
The movement was so sudden ____3____ several passengers felt sick and had to use airsickness bags. ___4___ you might guess, that’s not good thing to happen in a narrow space because it only serves to increase the discomfort of the situation.
About twenty minutes into the adventure, the entire airplane became very quiet. There was now a sense of anxiety and fear that could be distinctly noticed. Every passenger simply held on for dear life ___5___ one. A baby was having a good time! With each bump of the aircraft, he ___6___ let out a giggle of happiness. As I observed this, I realized that he didn’t know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his safety. He ___7___ thought about the past nor about the future. Those are ___8___ we grown-ups have learned from experience. He was enjoying the ride because he ___9___ (not teach) to fear it. ____10____ (understand) this, I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat, pretending I was really on a roller coaster. I smiled for the rest of the flight. I even managed to giggle once or twice, which is much to the chagrin (懊恼) of the man sitting next to me holding the airsickness bag.
【答案】1. fastened 2. pale 3. that 4. As 5. except 6. would 7. neither
8. what 9. had not been taught 10. Having understood
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者乘坐的航班遭遇大风天气，飞机异常颠簸，所有的乘客都紧张得要命，只有一个婴儿玩得很开心，因为没人教他为此而害怕，认识到这一点，作者也像这个婴儿一样享受这个过程。
【1题详解】
考查with的复合结构。句意：我们还被告知要留在座位上，同时系好安全带，因为可能会有一些颠簸。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，seat belts与fasten之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作宾补。故填fastened。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：好吧，这几分钟变成了大约45分钟，其中包括一趟“过山车”，相比之下，真正的过山车就显得苍白了。使役动词make后用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，pale“变得比平常白，变苍白”。故填pale。
【3题详解】
考查结果状语从句。句意：这个动作太突然了，以至于好几个乘客感觉不舒服，只好用晕机袋。so…that表示“如此……以至于”。故填that。
【4题详解】
考查非限定性定语从句。句意：正如你可能猜到的，在狭小的空间里发生这种事不是好事，因为它只会增加不适感。此处为as引导的非限定性定语从句，as位于句首，指代后面整个主句内容，并在从句中作guess的宾语。故填As。
【5题详解】
考查介词。句意：除了一名乘客外，其他乘客都紧张得要命，一个婴儿却玩得很开心!根据句意可知，此处指“除了一名乘客外”；分析句子结构可知，此处需要填介词except表示“除……之外”。故填except。
【6题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：飞机每颠簸一下，他就会发出快乐的咯咯笑声。空后是动词原形，此处需要填情态动词，根据句意可知，此处表示过去时间的意愿，应使用情态动词would表示“会”。故填would。
【7题详解】
考查固定结构。句意：他既不考虑过去也不考虑未来。neither... nor...表示“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
【8题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：这些都是我们成年人从经验中学到的。此处为表语从句，从句中的learned缺少宾语，应使用连接词what，指代“学到的东西”。故填what。
【9题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：他很享受这个过程，因为他没有被教导要害怕它。he与teach之间是被动关系，而且be taught这一动作发生在was enjoying之前，也就是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had not been taught。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：认识到这一点，我深吸了一口气，坐回座位上，假装自己真的坐在过山车上。I与understand是逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词，表示主动，而且understand这一动作明显发生在took之前，所以用现在分词的完成式做状语。故填Having understood。
Section B：应用文阅读




Read the information taken from the pain reliever bottles and answer the questions.
Medicine A
Drug Facts
--------------------------------------------------------
Active ingredient Purpose
(in each tablet)
Pain reliever/
325 mg…………..…………fever reducer
Uses
provides temporary relief of
■ headache ■ pain and fever of colds
■ toothache ■ muscle pain
■ minor pain of arthritis
Warnings
Reye’s syndrome: Children and teenagers who have or are recovering from chicken pox or flu-like symptoms should not use this product. When using this product, if changes in behavior with nausea and vomiting occur, consult a doctor because these symptoms could be an early sign of Reye’s syndrome, a rare but serious illness.
Alcohol warning: If you consume 3 or more alcoholic drinks every day, ask your doctor whether you should take aspirin or other pain relievers/fever reducers. Aspirin may cause stomach bleeding.
Ask a doctor before use if you have
■asthma ■stomach problems that persist or recur ■ulcers ■ bleeding problems
Stop use and ask a doctor if
■ pain worsens or lasts more than 10 days
■ fever worsens or lasts more than 3 days
■ new symptoms occur
■ redness or swelling is presents
■ ringing in the ears or loss of hearing occurs
Directions
■ adults: 1 to 2 tablets with water. Dosage may be repeated every 4 hours, not to exceed 12 tablets in 24 hours.
■ children under 12: consult a doctor.

Medicine B
Drug Facts
--------------------------------------------------------
Active ingredient Purpose
(in each gelcap)
Pain reliever/
500mg…………………..…fever reducer
Uses
■ temporarily relieves minor aches and pains due to headache, muscular aches, backache, the common cold, toothache, minor pain of arthritis
■ temporarily reduces fever
Warnings
Alcohol warning: If you consume 3 or more alcoholic drinks every day, ask your doctor whether you should take This product or other pain relievers/fever reducers. This product may cause liver damage.
Overdose warning: Taking more than
the recommend dose (overdose) may cause liver damage. In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away. Quick medical attention is critical for adults as well as for children even if you do not notice any signs or symptoms.
Directions
■ do not take more than directed (see
overdose warning)
■ adults and children 12 years and over: take 2 gelcaps every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 gelcaps in 24 hours.
■ children under 12 years: do not use this adult Extra Strength product in children under 12 years of age; this will provide more than the recommended dose (overdose) of acetaminophen and may cause liver damage.

8. Which medicine may hurt liver according to the instructions?
A. Medicine A. B. Medicine B.
C. Both medicines. D. Neither medicine.
91. These two medicines are most suitable for _____.
A. a child who has a common cold B. an adult who has trouble falling asleep
C. a teenager who slightly hurt his wrist D. an old man who has stomach bleeding
10. Which of the following can be found in the instructions?
A. Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). B. Ingredients of the medicine.
C. Facts about the origin of the medicine. D. Names of the doctors to consult.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了两种药的说明书。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据Medicine B中Warnings部分中的“This product may cause liver damage.”可知，Medicine B可能会伤肝，故B项正确。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据对这两种药的功效的介绍中的“■ minor pain of arthritis”及“minor pain of arthritis”可知，这两种药都能够缓解关节的轻微疼痛，因此这两种药适合手腕轻微受伤的青少年服用，故C项正确。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据两种药Directions部分中的“■ adults: 1 to 2 tablets with water. Dosage may be repeated every 4 hours, not to exceed 12 tablets in 24 hours.”及“■ adults and children 12 years and over: take 2 gelcaps every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Do not take more than 8 gelcaps in 24 hours.”可知，两种药的说明书中都提到了可接受的每日服用量，故A项正确。

Section C：说明文阅读



A seismic（地震的；重大的）shift in climate science might be heating up.
New research shows that sound waves, produced by earthquakes can be used to measure temperatures in the ocean which traps 90% of the heat Earth absorbs from the sun，making long-term changes in ocean warmth, a major factor in how the world might respond to global warming.
For years the main approach of measuring ocean temperature has been Argo, an array（阵列）of 4000 automatic floats, which drifts the globe, sampling ocean water and measuring its temperature. Yet Argo measurements stop at 2000 meters.
The new technique called “Seismic Ocean Thermometry”, would be especially useful in detecting long-term changes in ocean temperatures deeper than Argo’s reach.
“Ocean Acoustic Tomography”, the basis for the current research, was first tested nearly 30 years ago. The initial studies created sound waves artificially, basically increasing the volume on giant underwater speakers. Scientists measured the sound’s travel time from the speakers to receivers thousands of kilometers away. Because ocean temperatures affect the speed of the waves, the researchers could calculate average temperatures along their paths. But some believed the noise was a threat to ocean life and the technique never took off.
The new study instead uses a natural sound source for investigation：earthquakes making a low, continuous noise beneath the seafloor off the coast of Sumatra that drum up sound waves in the ocean. On the shores of the Chagos Islands in the East Indian Ocean, between 2005 and 2016 Seismic Station Diego Garcia recorded seismic waves produced by those earthquakes. Some of those waves created physical changes in land and sea as they traveled. Others were sound waves or T waves that moved through the deep ocean, delivering valuable data about ocean temperature.
12 years of data coupled with mathematical models pointed to a temperature change of roughly 0.044 degrees per decade, a trend larger than those predicted by Argo. The findings suggest that Seismic Ocean Thermometry is a feasible method to measure changes in ocean temperature. Further data from other regions of the globe and other timeframes would help improve the warning models and predictions.
And in future studies the researchers plan to listen directly for sound waves, using a network of hydrophones, microphones which detect sound waves under water. Sound waves set the tone for a deep dive into our warming oceans even if they fail to reach 60000 miles under the sea?
63．What disadvantage does Argo have?
A．Its reach is limited. B．It takes long to collect samples.
C．It doesn’t work globally. D．Its prediction isn’t reliable at all.
64．It can be learned that Ocean Acoustic Tomography ________.
A．was tested many times but never succeeded
B．remained unpopular for fear of potential harm
C．was assumed to be too complicated to be controllable
D．measured ocean temperature just as the new research does
65．It can be inferred from the new findings that ________.
A．some warming is working its way deeper into the ocean
B．ocean temperature is rising faster owing to earthquakes
C．sound travels faster in colder water than in hotter water
D．sound waves will slow down the warming of the ocean
66．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Sound Waves First Applied to Climate Science.
B．New Factors Found to Be Heating up the Ocean.
C．A Natural Approach Holding Back Global Warming.
D．Ocean’s Hidden Heat Measured with Earthquake Sounds.

【答案】63．A 64．B 65．A 66．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过一项新的研究介绍了地震产生的声波可以用来测量海洋的温度。
63．【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“For years the main approach of measuring ocean temperature has been Argo, an array（阵列）of 4000 automatic floats, which drifts the globe, sampling ocean water and measuring its temperature. Yet Argo measurements stop at 2000 meters.(多年来，测量海洋温度的主要方法是Argo，这是一个由4000个自动漂浮物组成的阵列，它在地球上漂流，对海水进行取样并测量其温度。然而Argo的测量在2000米就停止了。)”可知，Argo的缺点是它影响范围有限。故选A项。
64．【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“‘Ocean Acoustic Tomography’, the basis for the current research, was first tested nearly 30 years ago. (‘海洋声学层析成像’是目前研究的基础，首次测试是在近30年前。)”和“But some believed the noise was a threat to ocean life and the technique never took off. (‘但一些人认为，这种噪音对海洋生物构成了威胁，这项技术从未得到推广。)”可知，“海洋声学层析成像”由于害怕潜在的伤害而不受欢迎。故选B项。
65．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Some of those waves created physical changes in land and sea as they traveled. Others were sound waves or T waves that moved through the deep ocean, delivering valuable data about ocean temperature.(其中一些波在移动时造成了陆地和海洋的物理变化。另一些是声波或T波，它们在深海中移动，传递有关海洋温度的宝贵数据。)”倒数第二段中“12 years of data coupled with mathematical models pointed to a temperature change of roughly 0.044 degrees per decade, a trend larger than those predicted by Argo.( 12年的数据加上数学模型表明，温度变化大约为每10年0.044度，这一趋势比Argo预测的要大。)”可知，从新发现可以推断一些变暖正在向海洋深处蔓延。故选A项。
66．【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“New research shows that sound waves, produced by earthquakes can be used to measure temperatures in the ocean which traps 90% of the heat Earth absorbs from the sun，making long-term changes in ocean warmth, a major factor in how the world might respond to global warming.(新的研究表明，地震产生的声波可以用来测量海洋的温度，海洋的温度能吸收地球从太阳吸收的90%的热量，使海洋温度发生长期变化，这是世界如何应对全球变暖的主要因素。)”可知，本文主要通过一项新的研究介绍了地震产生的声波可以用来测量海洋的温度。选项D“海洋隐藏的热量通过地震的声波测量”突出文章主题，适合做标题。故选D项。

Section D：概要写作




Directions : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.
Herbal Medicine
Nothing in my life had prepared me for what I had to do. Choosing my words carefully, and fighting to stay calm, I told my 4-year-old daughter that her grandmother had suffered a stroke（中风），that she was unconscious, and that the doctors said she would probably never wake up. As she moved closer to me, Amelia looked at me, eyes bright, and said, “Maybe Grandma will be okay.” “Maybe she will,” I said, keeping back the tears, But I knew better. I was flying up to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, from our Florida home in the morning to say good-bye to my mom.
The rest of that awful week, I joined my brother and father sitting by my mother’s side in the hospital room. I held her hand and talked to her. I told her that we still needed her. I told her that it wasn’t time to leave yet. I told her how much I loved her. And I told her that her little granddaughter, Amelia, believed that she’d get better. The doctors, with all their years of training and experience, offered no hope for recovery. The damage was simply too extensive.
Then, a couple of weeks later, an odd thing happened. Mom woke up. She regained consciousness. Persevered through a long and tough recovery, during which she had to learn to walk, read, and write all over again, and eventually returned home to Dad. The only one who wasn’t shocked was Amerlia. The doctors couldn’t explain it. Amelia didn’t need to. Hope came as naturally to her as breathings.
So why are we so afraid to hope sometimes? Maybe it’s because over the year, life’s disappointments can turn us to disillusionment（理想破灭）. How many times have you heard someone say: “Hope for the best, expect the worst”? That’s not really hope at all.
Hope is being able to look at our world with all of the joy and wonder of a child.

【解析】本篇书面表达是概述写作。读完所给文章后用不多于60个词总结文章要点，要用自己的语言，不能用文章的原句。文章讲述了作者的母亲突然中风昏迷，当作者小心翼翼把这一消息告诉自己的女儿时，女儿却充满希望地说：奶奶会好的。女儿的希望成真，作者的母亲真的苏醒了，最终回了家。作者由此生发感概：希望给了我们惊喜，叫世界充满奇迹。
本篇概要写作的原文是记叙文。是作者对自己家庭所发生故事的讲述，最后是议。所以，写作时一是要写出事情的主要经过：母亲突然生病、女儿的反应和我听了女儿的话后的作为，最后经过锻炼和复健，母亲回家了。二是要写出作者的“议”。事件的基本过程为主，议是总结和升华。

【参考答案】
Doctors were pessimistic about my mother s stroke while my little daughter, Amelia, full of hope. I passed on Amelia’s hope when our family gathered to bid farewell to her n hospital Incredibly, she recovered and came back home after a period of restoration Everyone was astonished except Amelia. Hope does bring people in trouble amazement. (55 words)