【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题05：状语从句 -精讲精练（上海用）

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►专题05 状语从句用法梳理+高考题型组合练
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考点精讲







【考情链接】
高考主要考查九种状语从句连接词的正确运用，其次是状语从句的省略(非谓语与状语从句之间的转换):另外注意状语从句和定语从句，名词性从句的区别;状语从句和强调句型的区别。状语从句及并列句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空，句子翻译中。
【要点梳理】
★ 九种状语从句梳理（时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、方式、让步、比较）
种类
连接词
注意点
时间
状语
when, whenever, while, as, before, after,not.. until, till, every time; each time;by the time, as soon as, once（一旦）
hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than, （一....就...）
the moment/the minute/ immediately/directly/instantly
主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。
地点
状语
where, wherever

原因
状语
because, as, since, now that（既然）
because语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。
条件
状语
if, unless, once, as(so) long as,（只要）
on condition that（只要）, provided (that)suppose / supposing（假设）
从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替
目的
状语
so that, in order that, for fear that（以免），in case（万一）, lest唯恐
so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词
结果
状语
so that, so…that, such…that
so + 形容词或副词+ that
such + 名词+ that
比较
状语
than, (just) as; as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more

方式
状语
as if/as though（好像）, as
as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。
让步
状语
though, although, even if/even though（即使） , as, whether… or（无论...还是...）while（尽管）
whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, however,
no matter+ what/ who/ how/ when

as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though可和yet/still连用，但不可和but连用；如果主句用一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Ø 考点一、时间状语从句
1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句
when
从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while
从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as
从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”

While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.
尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。
As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.
随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句
(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly
The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy.
我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。
(2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly got to the office，when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。
3．before，since引导的时间状语从句
(1) before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；It won't be/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……。
We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.
在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。
If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.
如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
(2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/ has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.
正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。
4．till/until引导的时间状语从句
until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。
If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.
如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。
She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down.
等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句
By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.
等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。

Ø 考点二、让步状语从句
1．although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句
(1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句必须用倒装语序： 表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。
(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。
(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。
Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now.
虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。
2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句
even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。
(湖南高考)Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.
蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。
3．“疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句
wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋­ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。
4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句
whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。

Ø 考点三、其他状语从句
状语从句
连词
条件状语从句
if，unless(＝if...not)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that，in case(万一)，suppose/supposing，provided/providing
原因状语从句
because，as，since，now that，considering that (考虑到，鉴于)
目的状语从句
so that，in order that，in case (以防)
结果状语从句
so that，so...that...，such...that...
地点状语从句
where，wherever
方式状语从句
as(正如，正像)，as if/as though(好像)
比较状语从句
than，as...as...，not as/so...as...

Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。
He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.
他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。
易错警示
as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。

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重点小练








单句语法填空（连词与状语从句）
1. Located _______ the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
2. __________ online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.
3. ________ we make good use of public transport，the environment will be better.
4. I wish my house would be built ________ we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers.
5. Actually，_______ we've done a lot to develop a low­carbon economy，it doesn't live up to our expectations.
6. __________ the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
7. There are several reasons for sleep.We sleep __________ we need to dream.
8. The Internet has created thousands of millionaires，_________ Berners­Lee is not one of them.
9. It is a long time since they separated，but it won't be long __________ they meet again.
10. He hurried out of the room ______ ______ ________ the meeting was over.
11. I didn’t realize how special my mother was __________ I became an adult.
12. It took what seemed to be years __________ the actress finally turned up, which made the journalists as well as audiences disappointed and angry.
13. If you are going to kill the snake, you have to get close to _______ the head is and cut it off.
14. _______ _____ you have signed the contract with them，there is no point in discussing the price.
15. You will certainly succeed _______ _______ _______ you keep on trying.
16. Provide your doctor with a detailed medical history ____ ____ he can give you accurate treatment.
17. As we can see, developing a good habit is so important ______ I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit—keep a learning diary every day.
18. My daughter stared at me，angrily, ______ _______ I were her wicked stepmother.
19. The classical book is still worth it_______ _______ it doesn’t sell well.
20. Poor _______his English was, Mr. Li made himself understood in England.

Translation（注意使用状语从句）
1．今天下午我没空，因为我和牙医有约。
2．只要你坚持按你制定的提高英语的计划来，你的英语就会越来越好。
3．尽管我们的政府已采取了一些措施，但是污染却越来越严重。
4． 每次我想尽力说服他们，但总是以争吵结束。
5．既然你不得不整天待在教室里，你倒不如利用这个机会全身心地投入到学习上。
6.这孩子如此淘气，经常让忙于工作的父母难过生气。（upset）（2016年高考）
7．做任何事情只要我们坚持不懈，最终定然会收获满满。(persevere)(2022届虹口一模)
8. 这位摄影师工作孜孜不倦，技术又精湛，人们预测他的成名指日可待。(so…that…)(2022 届崇明一模)
9. 家中要常备手电筒等应急物品，以备不时之需。(in case)（2022届嘉定一模)
10.不论种族、出生、文化和教育背景的差异有多大，我们都应该学会宽容，学会尊重他人的观念和想法。(No matter)(2022届徐汇一模)
11．安保人员需要具备快速应变能力，这样才能把事故苗头消灭在萌芽状态。（before）(2022 届青浦一模)
_____
好题必测




历年上海高考真题及模拟试题优选
1. ____29____ her fourth video went viral (走红), she continued to make short videos and, in 2021, became a full-time content creator on the platform.【2022年金山二模】
2.However, the most amazing thing happened. ___4___the reality of the crisis sank in, it brought out the best in us.【2022年静安二模】
3.The 2008 ceremony boasted large-scale performances displaying traditional Chinese culture, while this year’s was centered around natural performances from ordinary people, ____25____ Zhang sought to deliver Chinese style in a different way. 【2022年松江二模】
4.“We listen to our elders about some stuff we have to protect ____29____ if we don’t put it out there, we lose what it gives to us — you know, we lost that power it gives us,” she said. 【2022年青浦二模】
5.A loaf of homemade bread has simple ingredients such as flour, water, salt and sugar. ____24____ you make it yourself, you have control over your ingredients.【2022年宝山二模】
6. Moreover, some women have not been promoted as quickly as their male counterparts, even ____28____ they are publishing at the same rate and bringing in as much research funding and equipment to their institutions as men. 【2022年奉贤二模】
7. The contrast became even more regrettable ____27____ the Great Wave Pavilion, a garden on the UNESCO World Heritage List that is just a few meters away across a narrow lane, was bustling with tourists every day.【2022年徐汇二模】
8. Difficult ____10____ researching your family history may be, it is worthwhile pursuit if you want a better understanding of where you come from. 【2022年长宁二模】
9. Start with what the office is for. In the past, ____2____ form it took, it was a place for employees to get their work done. 【2022年虹口二模】
10.Not everyone is happy that the handshake is making its way back. ____22____ it’s a deep-rooted way of expressing friendship and respect, some medical experts wish it were gone for good.【2022年崇明二模】
11. But right now, we are in a socially awkward time of handshake uncertainty, ____27____ some people are comfortable shaking hands and some are not. 【2022年崇明二模】
12.To take back our beautiful countryside and cities, we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish _____30_____ it ought not to be. We need to truly care more about the world around us.【2022年闵行二模】
13.As people continue to find innovative ways to reduce waste and improve efficiency, more architects are turning to green buildings. ____21____ making an environmentally friendly building is a challenge, it’s possible to create beautiful spaces that improve their environments without negatively impacting nature.【2022年闵杨浦二模】
_____
Section A：语法运用
高考题型组合练



This weekend many families in America will celebrate Mother’s Day. The event dates back to May 9, 1914, (1) _____ America’s President Wilson established the official holiday. Some people had begun campaigning for the holiday a few years (2) _____ (early). Finally in 1914, the president made it official. He declared that each second Sunday in May (3) _____ (dedicate) to thanking the nation’s mothers. He also ordered all government buildings (4) _____ (display) the national flag on that day. According to President Wilson, this was done “as a public expression of... love ... for the mothers of our country”.
Before long, people in other countries (5) _____ (begin) asking for a similar holiday to celebrate their mothers. Mexico celebrated its first official Mother’s Day on May 10, 1922. May 10th became their annual holiday because the country preferred a fixed date to (6) _____ that changed.
Other countries are happy to share the day with the United States. Some on the list include Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Japan and Turkey.
Oddly enough, the U.S. Congress rejected a Mother’s Day resolution at first. Today, though, Mother’s Day is a highly popular holiday. It’s also very successful commercially. Along with giving cards, candy and flowers, (7) _____ (take) moms out for brunch is a very popular gesture. America’s National Restaurant Association says Mother’s Day is the year’s most popular day for eating out.
But why do we honor our mothers? Many moms lovingly dedicate their lives to their children. Moms sacrifice time, sleep and often their own dreams. Moms try to provide a strong foundation (8) _____ _____ children can build their lives. With (9) _____ (love) care, mothers guide their children toward adulthood.
When we consider everything our mothers have done for us, how can we not honor them? There’s no need to wait for a national holiday, though. Every day is a great opportunity to tell our mothers (10) _____ they mean to us.
Section B：完型填空



Ecology is a complicated thing. Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees and bush fires often kill trees it would be____21____to assume that a combination of the two would make things worse. Contrary to this assumption, ____22____, as the recently-published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can____23____help to make things better.
One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping(剥) them of their bark(树皮). Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious____24____, set off to find out how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping. To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park. Since 1954, the Kruger has been the site of experiments in which plots of land have been burned____25____, to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology. In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively____26____fire. To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the marula(马鲁拉树), in all three zones. He picked marulas because they are particular____27____of elephant activity. Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike. But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark. In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to____28____from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter. Having imposed this damage, they____29____the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen. To their____30____, they discovered that the wounds of trees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires at all. Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re-grew 98% of their lost____31____during the two years of the study. Those living in the biennial(两年一次的) burn zone re-grew 92% of it. But those in the zone where fires were____32____re-grew only 72%.
The researchers also found something else when they were measuring the trees’ wounds: ants. Ten of the 20 trees in the fire-prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds. The ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to____33____tissue healing. By contrast, only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants’ nests in their wounds. It looks, therefore, as if bush fires are treating trees’ wounds by killing ants that might____34____colonize and damage them. Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually____35____to sick ones.
21. A. difficult B. reasonable C. necessary D. awful
22. A. however B. therefore C. furthermore D. somehow
23. A. uniquely B. barely C. actually D. merely
24. A. phenomenon B. evidence C. imagination D. assumption
25. A. equally B. regularly C. severely D. purposely
26. A. burnt with B. protected from C. covered by D. exposed to
27. A. participants B. partners C. victims D. friends
28. A. mark B. remove C. hit D. measure
29. A. regulated B. checked C. healed D. monitored
30. A. disappointment B. surprise C. joy D. relief
31. A. vitality B. height C. bark D. strength
32. A. controlled B. prevented C. started D. boosted
33. A. disturb B. promote C. impact D. quicken
34. A. therefore B. nevertheless C. then D. otherwise
35. A. beneficial B. unbelievable C. effective D. cruel
Section C：记叙文/说明文阅读



A
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
B
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
12. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
13. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background.
C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
14. What does Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
Section D：六选四阅读


Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. He says that the secret of success is simply many hours of hard work.
B. But surely there are exceptions to this rule?
C. Nevertheless, researchers do find some exceptions.
D. Mozart wrote his first real masterpiece when he was twenty-one.
E. Apparently, every extra friend that you have at school adds two percent to your salary later in life!
F. Talent didn’t seem to work as well as generally thought.
Many social scientists have studied the phenomenon of success. One American study claims that your social network is the key to success. ____67____ Perhaps this boosts your self-confidence or perhaps you have more people to support you. Another study links height and success: every extra centimeter is worth another $300 per year. The trouble is that for every person to whom these theories apply, there is an exception.
However, in his book Outliers—The Story of Success, author, Malcolm Gladwell, has come up with a theory that he claims is true in every case. ____68____.He has calculated exactly how many hours work you need to do in order to become ‘the best’ in your field: 10,000 hours apparently or about four hours a day for ten years. Without this kind of determination and hard work you probably won’t reach the top, regardless of your talent.
Researchers looked at violin players in a music school to test this theory. Teachers put the players into three groups: average players in group C, good players in group B and outstanding players in group A. It turned out that all the players in group A had done around 10,000 hours of practice in their lifetime. The good players had done around 6,000 hours and the average players only 4,000 hours. However, all the players had entered the school with similar levels of ability.
____69____ Mozart, for example, is always considered a ‘born genius’. He performed in public at the age of four and by six, he had composed several pieces. Surely his success was down to natural talent, not hard work? In fact, Gladwell argues, Mozart had a very strict father who made him practice for hours each day from an early age. And the music that Mozart composed when he was six wasn’t outstanding. ____70____. By that time, he’d done at least 10,000 hours of practice and had ‘become’ a genius.
Talent, argues Gladwell, is nothing without hard work. So next time you dream of scoring the winning goal in the World Cup or winning an Oscar, ask yourself this question: are you really prepared to put in the hours necessary to achieve your goal?
Section E：概要写作




Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? After all, none of us is a perfect parent.
　　There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurtful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.
　　My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotional abuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.
　　There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?