【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题07：强调句、感叹句、祈使句等特殊句式-精讲精练（上海用）

这是一份【备战2023高考】英语全复习——专题07：强调句、感叹句、祈使句等特殊句式-精讲精练（上海用），文件包含备战2023高考英语全复习专题07强调句感叹句祈使句等特殊句式梳理-精讲精练上海用解析版docx、备战2023高考英语全复习专题07强调句感叹句祈使句等特殊句式梳理-精讲精练上海用原题版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。

►专题07 强调句、感叹句、祈使句等特殊句式梳理+高考题型组合练
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考点精讲







【考情链接】
特殊句式是英语高考常考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有:倒装句、强调句、省略句、反意疑问句、祈使句的甄别和感叹句(how 和 what 引导的感叹句)等。特殊句式的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空、句子翻译和书面表达中。强调含强调句型及对动词谓语强调。

【要点梳理】
Ø 考点一：强调句

1．陈述句式：It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋ is / was it＋ that ＋句子的其余部分?
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
What is it that you want me to do？你要我干什么？
Who was it that broke the window？打破窗户的是谁？
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他什么时候决定选修这一课程的？

2．“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until...that...(注意时态)
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。

备注： 强调谓语，用助动词帮助强调，有人称和数的变化
(1)eg. Do be careful!
(2)eg. He did tell me the news.
(3)eg. She does love talking.
(4)eg. Do teach him a lesson!

Ø 考点二：感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
2．how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
(2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！
(3)How＋主语＋谓语！
What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.
这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。

Ø 考点三：祈使句
①祈使句＋and/or＋简单句
②名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简单句
Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.
明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。
Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train.
立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。

Ø 考点四：with引导的复合结构
with引导的复合结构，相当于在前述各种独立主格结构前加上with，因此，一般认为这也是一种独立主格结构
A woman got on the bus，with a baby around her arms.
The teacher came in with several students following behind.
With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time.
He left the office with the lights on.
Mary rushed out of the house with the door open.
Ø 考点五：there be句型
1.there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live，remain，stand，lie，exist，seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be等替换。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
2.there be句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/ with sth.做某事(没)有困难
There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能
3. there be结构的非谓语动词形式
There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。
I expect there to be no argument about this.
I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.
There being nothing else to do，we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构)
_____

重点小练







u 单句语法填空（注意特殊句式用法）
1．You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ______ the coach picks up tourists.
2. ______ seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials.
3．Give me a chance，_______I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
4．It was not until dark ______ he found what he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
5．I should prefer there ___________ (be)no discussion of my private affairs.
6．The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.______ a dangerous scene it was!
7．They closed the door，there ___________ (be)no customers.
8．When ________ (expose) to danger and conflict，men tend to increase blood pressure，feeling nervous or anxious.
9．As far as I can see，_______ is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.
10．Don't be discouraged. _____(take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
11．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ______ his musical gift was fully recognized.
12．We can see that ________lies a pen and two books on the desk.
13. ________ turn off all the lights before leaving the classroom.
14. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized.
15．Was it on that lonely island ________the family finally settled down?
答案：1.that 2.There 3. and 4. that 5. to be 6.What 7. being 8.exposed 9.There
10. Take 11.that 12. there 13. Do 14. that 15.that

_____
好题必测





1. 打喷嚏时，务必用纸巾遮住口鼻。(Do) 2021年秋考
2. 究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate) 2019年春考
3. 昨天发生的事应责怪我。(It; blame)
4. 直到20 世纪后期，中国运动员才以他们在奥运会上的杰出表现让世界对他们刮目相看.(begin to surprise the world)
5. 是那些在奥运会上为国争光的运动员为我们树立了学习的榜样。( It...)
6. 正是这场沙尘暴(dust storm)的后果才使人们充分认识到植树的重要性(It…)

Keys:
1. Do cover your mouth and nose with tissues/a tissue /paper towel/napkin when sneezing/you are sneezing.
2. What was it that motivated Xiao Wang to study / learn electronic engineering?
3. It was I that was to blame for what happened yesterday.
4. It was the result of the dust storm that made people fully realize the importance of planting trees.
5. It was not until the late twentieth century that Chinese athletes began to surprise the world with their excellent performances at the Olympics.
6. It was those athletes who have won honor for our country at the Olympics that set a good example for us.

_____
高考题型组合练

Section A：词汇运用



A. minerals     B. agriculture   C. profitable   D. available    E. shortages   F. celebrations 
G. immigrants   H. increased    I. population   J. fashionable   K. opened 
Chinese traders were recorded as making voyages to the north coast of Australia from the 1750s, but were probably visiting Australia long before. Chinese men arrived in Australia in small numbers after the 1788 British settlement as free settlers and criminals. A small population grew rapidly after 1848 under a system of indentured（契约的）labour, after China had __41__ its ports to foreign trade in 1842. They worked in rural New South Wales as cooks, farm labourers and etc.
Indentured Chinese __42__ worked in all colonies variously as station hands, plantation workers, miners, on public works, cabinet makers, personal servants and in laundries. Most came from the south-eastern provinces of Guangdong and Fujian.
Due to labour __43__ in West Australia, the Colonial Government organized Chinese contract labour between 1847 and 1898, most working as labourers, cooks and gardeners. Many Chinese people came from rural backgrounds and brought with them __44__ and water management skills. By 1885, there were 54 Chinese market gardens in Sydney. By 1901, 67% of New South Wales market gardeners were Chinese.
Gold rushes in Victoria in the 1850s and New South Wales in the 1860s significantly __45__ the population of Chinese immigrants in Australia; about 45,000 prospectors arrived in Victoria alone in 1854-58. Numbers continued to increase as gold and other __46__ were discovered in Queensland, Northern Territory and Tasmania.
When mining became less __47__, many Chinese people worked successfully to provide goods and services such as furniture making, market gardening, fishing and, particularly, store-keeping including the import and export of goods from overseas. Chinese goods, especially tea, silk, vegetables, herbs and other spices were highly sought after items of trade by non-Chinese people. Tea rooms, importing and selling many varieties of tea, were very popular. Chinese silk was turned into __48__ evening wear and cloaks by Chinese tailors and seamstresses. 
Today there is a culturally diverse Chinese __49__ in Australia with links to south-eastern China as well as Vietnam and Hong Kong. The Chinese communities in Australia are brought together every year by __50__ of Lunar New Year. 
【答案】41-45 KGEBH 46-50 ACJIF 
【解析】文是一篇关于讲澳洲中国籍移民的文章。十一选十的做题原则是：所给单词的词性及词义与空格所需的词性和词义匹配。观察所给出的词，其中名词五个，形容词四个，动词两个。整篇文章难度适中，认真观察前后文，以及体会文中意，结合语境分析题目。
41. K 解析： ...after China had __41__ its ports to foreign trade in 1842. 根据上下文判断，此处需要从两个动词中选其一，因为后边有介词to, 根据固定搭配，“向......开放港口”恰好为“open ports to...”。所以答案为opened。 
42. G 解析：合同制的中国劳工（人）以多种身份在澳洲劳作，我们需要从选项中找出表示人（身份）的名词，综上所述，immigrants为最佳选项。 
43.E 解析：Due to labour __43__ in West Australia, the Colonial Government organized Chinese contract labour between 1847 and 1898, most working as labourers, cooks and gardeners. 西澳大利亚劳动力短缺，所以当时的殖民政府组织中国合同工去澳洲工作，充当廉价劳动力。根据词性和句意，E选项shortages很快能够被选择出来。
44. B 解析： Many Chinese people came from rural backgrounds and brought with them __44__ and water management skills. 来自中国农村的劳动力将农业和水管理技巧带到了澳洲。中间有连接词and，前后应该是相似结构和语意，根据上下文判断，与water词义最相关的名词应该是B，agriculture。 
45. H 解析：Gold rushes in Victoria in the 1850s and New South Wales in the 1860s significantly __45__ the population of Chinese immigrants in Australia. 当年的淘金潮极大地（吸引）了大批中国移民进入澳洲。根据语意，本文要选择一个可以和population搭配的、表示人口增长的动词，故选择H.increased.
46. A 解析：Numbers continued to increase as gold and other __46__ were discovered in Queensland, Northern Territory and Tasmania.中间有连接词and，前后应该是相似结构和语意，根据上下文判断，与gold词义最相关的名词应该是A.minerals。
47.C 解析：时光荏苒，采矿业日渐衰败，所以less后边应该填一个表示正面意义的形容词，选项中C.profitable，D.available，E.fashionable都有这种倾向，但是，available很少用less修饰，fashionable常常用来服饰等，都属于错误的搭配，综上所述，答案是C.profitable。 
48. J 解析：明显此空缺的是形容词，可选项只剩D、E。修饰服装，故答案E引刃而解。
49. I 解析：如今在澳洲活跃着一支文化多元的中国人。不定冠词a修饰一个单数可数名词，而且此必定表示人，综上所述，答案为I。 
 50. F 解析： The Chinese communities in Australia are brought together every year by __50__ of Lunar New Year. 新年前需要填一个可以与之搭配的名词，只有F. celebrations最适合。
Section B： 完形填空



The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing ____41____. What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, ____42____ revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process. When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. The musical had ____43____ several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆). For instance, Lloyd Webber ____44____ some of the music because the Phantom's makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds. When you revise, you change aspects of your work in ____45____ to your evolving purpose, or to include ____46____ ideas or newly discovered information. Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. ____47____, it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to ____48____ topics while prewriting is a type of revising. However, don't make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows ____49____. Always make time to become your own _____50_____and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing your work in this way can give you _____51_____ new ideas. Revising involves _____52_____ the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose _____53_____ throughout my draft? Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the _____54_____ , that is, facts, opinions, inferences --- that they need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I included too many _____55_____ details that may confuse readers?
41. A. technique B. style C. career D. process
42. A. in particular B. in other words C. for example D. as a result
43. A. rejected B. skipped C. undergone D. replaced
44. A. released B. rewrote C. recorded D. reserved
45. A. addition B. response C. opposition D. contrast
46. A. fixed B. ambitious C. fresh D. familiar
47. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore
48. A. discuss B. cover C. exhaust D. switch
49. A. drafting B. rearranging C. performing D. training
50. A. director B. audience C. master D. visitor
51. A. personal B. valuable C. basic D. delicate
52. A. mixing B. weakening C. maintaining D. assessing
53. A. amazing B. bright C. unique D. clear
54. A. angles B. evidence C. information D. hints
55. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. final
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. B 52. D 53. D 54. C 55. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了作品修改的目的和途径。修改是作品写作过程中非常重要且必须的步骤。文章以安德鲁劳埃德韦伯的作品为例，作品搬上舞台前都要经历很多的修改和变化，对作品的修订主要是由于生成性的目标、新鲜的思想和新的发现。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你把你的草稿看作是彩排或试演，修改似乎是写作过程中很自然的一部分。 A. technique技巧； B. style风格；C. career事业生涯 ；D. process过程。草稿修改应该是写作过程的一个部分，process符合语境，且与下文的“Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process."呼应。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：许多百老汇演出的彩排和外地预演的目的是什么?答案是添加，删除，替换，重新排序，换句话说——修改。A. in particular尤其是； B. in other words 换句话说；C. for example 例如；D. as a result 因此。前面adding，deleting，replacing，reordering都是revising的具体步骤，所以revising和这些名词同义；介词短语in other words意为"换句话说"，表解释前面，符合语境。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：安德鲁·劳埃德·韦伯的音乐剧《歌剧魅影》就经历了这样的过程。A. rejected 拒绝；B. skipped 跳过，略过；C. undergone 经历；D. replaced 替换。人们观看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品经历了（undergo）多次修改，与上段的"AndrewLloyd Webber's musical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process．"呼应．故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，劳埃德·韦伯改写了一些音乐，因为魅影的化妆阻止了演员唱出某些声音。A. released发行，释放； B. rewrote 改写；C. recorded 录制，记录；D. reserved 预留，预订。动词rewrite表示"重写、修改"，与动词revise近义，与本篇文话题相关。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你修改时，你改变了你的作品的各个方面，以响应你不断发展的目标，或包括新鲜的想法或新发现的信息。A. addition此外；B. response反应；C. opposition反对，相反；D. contrast 对比。 介词短语in addition to表示"而且、除…之外还有"，in opposition to表示"与…的意见相反"，in contrast to表示"与…形成对比"，都与本题不符。in response to（作为对……的反应）在本句表示你修改作品是对你变化发展的新想法新发现的一种回应，符合语境。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你修改时，你改变了你的作品的各个方面，以响应你不断发展的目标，或包括新鲜的想法或新发现的信息。A. fixed 固定的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. familiar 熟悉的。不断发展的目标，就会有不断地新想法， fresh ideas 与后面的newly discovered information对应。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：复习不是在任务结束时才想出来的。相反，它是写作过程中的一个重要阶段，作者在写作过程中的每一步都要修改。A. However 然而；B. Moreover 此外；C. Instead 相反，而是；D. Therefore 因此。前面说到修改不是写完之后有时间才做的事情，相反，是写作过程中重要的一个步骤，副词instead，表示恰恰相反，与前面句not just呼应。故选C项。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至你在写作前改变话题的决定也是一种修改。A. discuss 讨论；B. cover 覆盖；C. exhaust使精疲力竭；D. switch 转换，改变。switch topics（变换话题）也是修改作品过程中可能会发生的，也是一种修改。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，不要犯跳过起草后的修改阶段的错误。A. drafting起草；B. rearranging 重新安排；C. performing 表演；D. training训练。修改是在起草（drafting）后应该做的一个事情，先起草，才能有修改。故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一定要留出时间成为你自己的观众，可以这么说，看看你的彩排。A. director 导演；B. audience观众；C. master 主人，大师；D. visitor访客，游客。名词audience（观众）与下句view your dress rehearsal对应。做观众观看自己的作品，找到不足，再进行修改。故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：用这种方法回顾你的作品可以给你带来有价值的新想法。A. personal个人的；B. valuable有价值的；C. basic基本的；D. delicate娇贵的、纤弱的、精美的。形容词valuable表示"做自己作品的观众可以得到有价值的新信息"。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：修改包括评估你写作各个方面的有效性和恰当性，使你的写作目的更清晰，重新聚焦或发展你所陈述的事实和观点。A. mixing混合；B. weakening 变弱，削弱；C. maintaining 保持；D. assessing 评估，检测。根据语境可知，评估了所有方面的有效性和适当性 ，才能使写作目的更清晰，这是修改的草稿的一部分。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的草稿的主旨或目的是否清晰明了? A.amazing惊人的；B. bright 明亮的，聪明的；C. unique独特的； D. clear 清晰的。写作的目的必然是要主旨清晰明了的，不能令读者迷惑不解，形容词clear在本句表示"我的文章大意或写作意图是否清晰"，与下文confuse readers对应。故选D项。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是否曾迷失自己的目标? 我是否已经给我的读者提供了所有的信息，包括事实、观点、推论——这些是他们理解我的主旨所需要的信息? A. angles 角度，角；B. evidence证据；C.information 信息；D. hints暗示。 作者写作要提供给读者足够的信息，后句名词facts、opinions、inferences都属于information，与上句newly discovered information呼应。故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，我是否包含了太多可能会让读者混淆的不必要细节? A. unnecessary没必要的；B. uninteresting无趣的、乏味的；C. concrete具体的；D. final最终的、决定性的。空前的too many表明，过多的信息，应该是有些不必要的，unnecessary details表示"多余的信息"才可能会使读者困惑、误导读者。故选A项。

Section C：记叙文/应用文阅读


A
Dame Zaha Hadid, the Iraqi-born British architect whose tall structures left a mark on skylines and imaginations around the world and in the process reshaped architecture for the modern age.
She was not an average designer. She liberated architectural geometry(几何), giving it a whole new expressive identity. Geometry became, in her hands, a vehicle for unprecedented and eye-popping new spaces. Her buildings elevated uncertainty to an art, conveyed in the odd ways.
Her work implying mobility, speed, freedom and uncertainty spoke to a worldview widely shared by a younger generation. “I am not European, I don’t do conventional work and I am a woman,’’ Strikingly Ms. Hadid never allowed herself on her work to be categorized by her background or her gender. And she was one of a kind, a path breaker. In 2004, she became the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize, architecture’s Nobel.
Zaha Hadid was born in Baghdad on October 31, 1950. Then in 1972, she arrived at the architectural association in London, a center for experimental design. Her teachers included Elia Zenghelis and Rem Koolhaas. “They aroused my ambition,” she would recall, “and taught me to trust even my strangest instincts.” By the 1980s she had established her own practice in London. And she began to draw attention with an unrealized plan in 1982—1983 for the Peak Club.
Her partner, Patrick Schumacher, played an instrumental and collaborative role in her career. Mr. Schumacher coined the term parametric(参数的) design to include the computer-based approach that helped the firm’s most weird concepts become reality. Ms. Hadid called what resulted in an organic language of architecture, based on these new tools, which allow us to combine highly complex forms into a fluid(流线的) and complete whole.
Her sources were nature, history or whatever she sought useful. When her Rosenthal Center, a relatively modest project, opened in 2003, Herbert Muschamp, the architecture critic declared it “the most important American building to be completed since the end of the cold war”.
“She was bigger than life, a force of nature,” as Amale Andraos, the dean of Columbia University’s architecture school, put it, “she was a pioneer.”
She was. For women, for what cities can desire to build and for the art of architecture.
1. What features the structures designed by Zaha Hadid?
A. Free architectural geometry. B. Conventional design.
C. Odd imagination. D. Colorful patterns.
2. According to Paragraphs 3 and 4, which of the following statement is TRUE?
A. Zaha Hadid taught herself to trust instincts.
B. The plan for the Peak Club hasn’t been carried out.
C. The architect’s gender influenced her work dramatically.
D. Zaha Hadid was the first architect to win the Pritzker Prize.
3. How did the computer-based approach make a difference to Zaha Hadid’s work?
A. It contributes to realizing the strange ideas.
B. It simplifies the complex structure as a whole.
C. It provides new tools to translate the language.
D. It serves as an instrument to interpret the concepts.
4. The purpose of the passage is to ________________.
A. present Zaha Hadid’s life experience
B. praise Zaha Hadid’s inspiration and diligence
C. compare Zaha Hadid’s works in different times
D. show Zaha Hadid’s great contributions to architecture
【答案】ABAD
【解析】 本文是记叙文。文章讲述了女性建筑家扎哈·哈迪德对城市建筑所做出的贡献。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She liberated architectural geometry( 几何), giving it a whole new expressive identity. Geometry became, in her hands, a vehicle for unprecedented and eye-popping new spaces.”可知，她解放了建筑几何学，赋予它一种全新的表现身份，几何学在她手中成为了一个前所未有的、令人瞠目结舌的新空间的载体。由此可知，扎哈·哈迪德设计的结构特点是自由的建筑几何。故A项正确。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“And she began to draw attention with an unrealized plan in 1982—1983 for the Peak Club.”可知，1982年至1983年，她为匹克俱乐部制定了一项未实现的计划，开始引起人们的注意。未实现的计划，也就是说她的匹克俱乐部的计划没有被实施。故B项正确。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“Mr. Schumacher coined the term parametric(参数的) design to include the computer-based approach that helped the firm’s most weird concepts become reality.”可知，舒马赫创造了“参数化设计”这个术语，以包括基于计算机的方法，这种方法帮助公司将最怪异的概念变成了现实。由此可知，基于计算机的方法有助于实现扎哈·哈迪德的奇怪的想法。故A项正确。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Dame Zaha Hadid, the Iraqi-born British architect whose tall structures left a mark on skylines and imaginations around the world and in the process reshaped architecture for the modern age.”可知，英国建筑家扎哈·哈迪德设计的高大的建筑在世界各地的天际线和想象中留下了印记，并在这一过程中重塑了现代建筑。由此可知，本文主要介绍的就是扎哈·哈迪德对建筑所做出的贡献，故D项正确。
B
(You may read the questions first.)
History Fair Competition
Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become. Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting, engaging, and fun！
This Year’s Theme
All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets. However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories：
·Performance
·Documentary
·Essay Writing
Category Requirements
Performance: A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes are used，they should truly represent a given period.
Documentary: A visual presentation (such as a video，slide show，or computer project) no more than 10 minutes long. A desktop computer, screen, projector, and loudspeakers will be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23.
Essay Writing: An academic paper of 2,000 to 2,500 words. No illustrations are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list of references must be included.
Important Dates
January 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off-topic or unclear.
February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay, performance script, or documentary
highlights.
February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity to improve their products.
March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay.
March 15 Performance and documentary committee preview
March 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition
7：00 A.M.—9：00A.M. Participants signing in at the gym
10：00 A.M. —6：00P.M. Competition and judges’ review
7：00 P.M. Awards ceremony

1. What is the theme of this year’s competition?
A. Technology advances science.
B. Science interacts with technology.
C. Science has made the study of history easy.
D. Technology has improved the life of Americans.
2. What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1,500 words to meet the category requirement?
A. Include more information in the essay. B. Remove the references.
C. Provide a cover for the essay. D. Explain the details with illustrations.
3. What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?
A. Preview performances and documentaries.
B. Make comments on the materials.
C. Improve the participant’s first draft.
D. Collect a second proposal from the participant.
【答案】DAB
【解析】本文是一个竞赛须知。详细地介绍了竞赛的意义、参赛作品的主题、各项要求以及活动安排。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据This Year’s Theme部分All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history. "可知，今年的主题涉及科技对美国人生活的改善。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Category Requirements部分Essay Writing : An academic paper of 2,000 to 2,500 words. 可知，字数必须在2000到2500之间，因此1500字不够，必须添加更多的信息。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Important Dates部分February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. 可知，2月19日，评委老师会对提交的材料给出意见，作出评论。故选B。
Section C：六选四阅读



A. To avoid misunderstanding, clear rules that everyone understands and agrees on are necessary.
B. Not every type of project is suitable for a virtual team.
C. A virtual team can choose whatever project they like to work on.
D. The members must be self-motivated and able to work independently.
E. Such teams are now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs.
F. Members of virtual teams communicate quite well although they never meet face-to-face.
Virtual (虚拟) Teams
Virtual teams are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same office at the same time. ____67____ This is particularly so for businesses that use virtual teams to build global presence, or need less common skills or knowledge from people who are unwilling to travel.
Virtual teams are governed by the same basic principles as traditional teams. 72 It is the way the team members communicate. They rely on special communication channels enabled by modern technologies, such as emails, faxes, and teleconferences, and alike. Due to more limited communication channels, the success of virtual teams is much more sensitive to the type of project the group works on, what people are selected, and how the team is managed.
____68____ One challenging case is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work. That is to say, when each person’s work depends significantly on what someone else is doing at the same moment, like in a sports team, there is an ongoing heavy exchange of information in real time, and the tasks have to go through a strict order within a short time.
Not everyone can perform well in a virtual team environment. ____69____Another important quality is communication skills. The team members must be able to communicate clearly and positively. Managers of virtual teams need to pay much more attention to having clear goals, performance standards, and communication rules. People have various assumptions on what to expect from each other. ____70____
One of the biggest challenges of virtual teams is building trust between the team members. Trust is important for unblocking communication between members and increasing motivation of each person in the team. The issue of trust needs special attention at any stage of team existence.
【答案】67. E 68. B 69. D 70. A
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要向读者介绍什么是虚拟团队以及他们的优缺点。
【67题详解】
根据上文“Virtual teams are a great way to enable teamwork in situations where people are not sitting in the same office at the same time.”（虚拟团队是一个能让人们在同一时间不用坐在一个办公室里的人团结协作解决问题。）和下文“This is particularly so for businesses that use virtual teams to build global presence, or need less common skills or knowledge from people who are unwilling to travel.”（虚拟团队尤其适用于用它建立国籍覆盖面的公司，或者不太需要来自于不愿意出门的人们的共同的技能或知识。）可知，E选项“这样的团队现在广泛地被公司和组织使用，用它可以减少商业成本。”与上下文意思一致，“Such teams”与上文一致， “now widely used by companies and organizations to cut business costs”与下文意思一致，起承上启下的作用。故选E。
【68题详解】
根据下文“One challenging case is the projects that rely heavily on integrated work.”（一种挑战情况就是严重依赖于协调工作的项目.）可知，这一段是说不是所有类型的项目都适合虚拟团队。B选项：Not every type of project is suitable for a virtual team.（并不是所有类型的项目都适合虚拟团队。）符合语境。故选B。
【69题详解】
根据上文“Not everyone can perform well in a virtual team environment.”（不是所有人都能在虚拟团队中发挥良好水平。）可知，这里是对虚拟团队中的队员的要求。D选项“成员必须是自发的，能够独立工作的。”与其意思一致。故选D。
【70题详解】
根据上文“People have various assumptions on what to expect from each other.”（关于对彼此的预期，人们有各种不同的设想。）所以，接下来应该是如何避免误会应该有一些规定。A选项“为避免误解，所有人理解并赞成的清楚的规定是必要的。”与上文意思一致。故选A。


Section D：提纲类写作




Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
随着移动网络的发展，各种手机APP应运而生，给我们的生活带来了极大便利，但许多同学也因此沉迷网络。现学生会发起一项清理手机APP的倡议，如果你只能从以下四个APPs：Wechat，Taobao，E-dictionary，Glory of Kings (mobile game)中保留两个，你会如何选择，并说明理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【范文】：
With the rapid development of technology nowadays, a variety of Apps have emerged from our mobile phones to provide us with more convenient life. If I have to choose from the four Apps listed above, I would choose Taobao and Wechat.
Firstly, with Taobao I will be able to do online shopping whenever I want to. With the goods delivered to my home directly, I will save lots of time. Furthermore, with the help of the Internet, I am capable of accessing nearly all of the items one can possibly imagine, which, of course, provides me with greater varieties of things I can buy.
Secondly, despite the fact that I do prefer people to communicate directly in front of each other, it is still undeniable that Wechat offers such a convenient communication method. Just click on the App and I am able to chat with anyone anywhere on this planet. It is an important tool to socialize with people and I do find it helpful at all time.
All in all, Apps do bring convenience to our life, but we students should make a wise use of them.
【解析】本篇书面表达是提纲类作文，要求选择两个APP并说明理由。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求选择两个APP并说明理由：随着移动网络的发展，各种手机APP应运而生，给我们的生活带来了极大便利，但许多同学也因此沉迷网络。现学生会发起一项清理手机APP的倡议，如果你只能从以下四个APPs：Wechat，Taobao，E-dictionary，Glory of Kings (mobile game)中保留两个，你会如何选择，并说明理由。时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； mobile network（移动网络），development（发展），convenience（便利），useful（有用的）， unfamiliar（不熟悉的）及various（不同的）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有come into being（应运而生），be addicted to（沉溺于），serve as（充当），contact with (与……联系)，look up（查阅），be keen to（热衷于）以及do good to(有利于），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“With the development of mobile network, various kinds of mobile apps come into being, which brings great convenience to our life”，“so I choose Wechat, which allows me to communicate with my family and friends.”及“I also think E-dictionary is a useful app, through which I can look up unfamiliar new words and increase my English vocabulary.”，定语从句“In view of the reasons above, I think Wechat and E-dictionary are the two kinds of apps that do good to us students.”，宾语从句“As for me, I think app should not only let us contact with others, but also serve as a learning tool”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。


Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 正是那场突如其来的大雨打乱了他们的计划。(It)
【答案】It was the unexpected rain that upset their plan.
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句和时态。本句为强调句，其结构为It is +强调部分 +that从句。本句强调主语 the unexpected rain 。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为It was the expected rain that upset their plan.
73. 这些活动旨在帮助学生克服公开讲话的恐惧。(mean)
【答案】These activities are meant to help students to overcome the fear of speaking openly/ in public.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和句子结构。这是一个简单句，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为“这些活动”，可译为These activities；根据所给词mean可知，“旨在”可用短语be meant to，主语为复数名词，be动词用are；其余部分“帮助学生克服公开讲话的恐惧”可译为help students to overcome the fear of speaking openly/ in public。故本句可译为These activities are meant to help students to overcome the fear of speaking openly/ in public.
74. 这部基于那场重要战争的电影一上映就很卖座。(Hardly)
【答案】Hardly had the film about the important battle been released when it attracted a large audience.
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句、否定副词、介词、时态、名词、形容词和短语。表示“基于”应用介词about；表示“这部电影”应用名词短语the film；表示“重要的”应用形容词important；表示“那场战争”应用名词短语the battle；表示“上映”应用动词release；表示“卖座”应用动词短语attract a large audience。根据所给副词“Hardly”几乎不的意思和首字母的大写形式可知，这句话需要Hardly放在句首的部分倒装结构“Hardly…when…”一……就……，该短语要求从句为一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，部分倒装时，助动词had置于主语之前。故翻译为Hardly had the film about the important battle been released when it attracted a large audience.
75. 在很多地区，旅游业对环境的影响简直触目惊心，但人们往往因为旅游业带来的经济利益而对此置若罔闻。(a blind eye)
【答案】In many places, the impact of tourism on the environment is really shocking, but people usually turn a blind eye to it just because of the economic benefits tourism brings about.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。turn a blind eye to(对…… )视而不见；because of 因为；bring about带来。句中先行词为benefits，在定语从句中作bring about的宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导，也可以省略。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为In many places, the impact of tourism on the environment is really shocking, but people usually turn a blind eye to it just because of the economic benefits tourism brings about.